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rcsid[] and sccsid[] and copyright[] are essentially unmaintained (and
unmaintainable).  these days, people use source.  these id's do not provide
any benefit, and do hurt the small install media
(the 33,000 line diff is essentially mechanical)
ok with the idea millert, ok dms

/*	$OpenBSD: col.c,v 1.11 2009/10/27 23:59:36 deraadt Exp $	*/
/*	$NetBSD: col.c,v 1.7 1995/09/02 05:48:50 jtc Exp $	*/

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Michael Rendell of the Memorial University of Newfoundland.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>

#define	BS	'\b'		/* backspace */
#define	TAB	'\t'		/* tab */
#define	SPACE	' '		/* space */
#define	NL	'\n'		/* newline */
#define	CR	'\r'		/* carriage return */
#define	ESC	'\033'		/* escape */
#define	SI	'\017'		/* shift in to normal character set */
#define	SO	'\016'		/* shift out to alternate character set */
#define	VT	'\013'		/* vertical tab (aka reverse line feed) */
#define	RLF	'\007'		/* ESC-07 reverse line feed */
#define	RHLF	'\010'		/* ESC-010 reverse half-line feed */
#define	FHLF	'\011'		/* ESC-011 forward half-line feed */

/* build up at least this many lines before flushing them out */
#define	BUFFER_MARGIN		32

typedef char CSET;

typedef struct char_str {
#define	CS_NORMAL	1
#define	CS_ALTERNATE	2
	short		c_column;	/* column character is in */
	CSET		c_set;		/* character set (currently only 2) */
	char		c_char;		/* character in question */
} CHAR;

typedef struct line_str LINE;
struct line_str {
	CHAR	*l_line;		/* characters on the line */
	LINE	*l_prev;		/* previous line */
	LINE	*l_next;		/* next line */
	int	l_lsize;		/* allocated sizeof l_line */
	int	l_line_len;		/* strlen(l_line) */
	int	l_needs_sort;		/* set if chars went in out of order */
	int	l_max_col;		/* max column in the line */
};

LINE   *alloc_line(void);
void	dowarn(int);
void	flush_line(LINE *);
void	flush_lines(int);
void	flush_blanks(void);
void	free_line(LINE *);
void	usage(void);
void   *xmalloc(void *, size_t);

CSET	last_set;		/* char_set of last char printed */
LINE   *lines;
int	compress_spaces;	/* if doing space -> tab conversion */
int	fine;			/* if `fine' resolution (half lines) */
int	max_bufd_lines;		/* max # lines to keep in memory */
int	nblank_lines;		/* # blanks after last flushed line */
int	no_backspaces;		/* if not to output any backspaces */

#define	PUTC(ch) \
	if (putchar(ch) == EOF) \
		err(1, "stdout");

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int ch;
	CHAR *c;
	CSET cur_set;			/* current character set */
	LINE *l;			/* current line */
	int extra_lines;		/* # of lines above first line */
	int cur_col;			/* current column */
	int cur_line;			/* line number of current position */
	int max_line;			/* max value of cur_line */
	int this_line;			/* line l points to */
	int nflushd_lines;		/* number of lines that were flushed */
	int adjust, opt, warned;
	const char *errstr;

	max_bufd_lines = 128;
	compress_spaces = 1;		/* compress spaces into tabs */
	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "bfhl:x")) != -1)
		switch (opt) {
		case 'b':		/* do not output backspaces */
			no_backspaces = 1;
			break;
		case 'f':		/* allow half forward line feeds */
			fine = 1;
			break;
		case 'h':		/* compress spaces into tabs */
			compress_spaces = 1;
			break;
		case 'l':		/* buffered line count */
			max_bufd_lines = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
			if (errstr != NULL)
				errx(1, "bad -l argument, %s: %s", errstr, 
					optarg);
			break;
		case 'x':		/* do not compress spaces into tabs */
			compress_spaces = 0;
			break;
		case '?':
		default:
			usage();
		}

	if (optind != argc)
		usage();

	/* this value is in half lines */
	max_bufd_lines *= 2;

	adjust = cur_col = extra_lines = warned = 0;
	cur_line = max_line = nflushd_lines = this_line = 0;
	cur_set = last_set = CS_NORMAL;
	lines = l = alloc_line();

	while ((ch = getchar()) != EOF) {
		if (!isgraph(ch)) {
			switch (ch) {
			case BS:		/* can't go back further */
				if (cur_col == 0)
					continue;
				--cur_col;
				continue;
			case CR:
				cur_col = 0;
				continue;
			case ESC:		/* just ignore EOF */
				switch(getchar()) {
				case RLF:
					cur_line -= 2;
					break;
				case RHLF:
					cur_line--;
					break;
				case FHLF:
					cur_line++;
					if (cur_line > max_line)
						max_line = cur_line;
				}
				continue;
			case NL:
				cur_line += 2;
				if (cur_line > max_line)
					max_line = cur_line;
				cur_col = 0;
				continue;
			case SPACE:
				++cur_col;
				continue;
			case SI:
				cur_set = CS_NORMAL;
				continue;
			case SO:
				cur_set = CS_ALTERNATE;
				continue;
			case TAB:		/* adjust column */
				cur_col |= 7;
				++cur_col;
				continue;
			case VT:
				cur_line -= 2;
				continue;
			}
			continue;
		}

		/* Must stuff ch in a line - are we at the right one? */
		if (cur_line != this_line - adjust) {
			LINE *lnew;
			int nmove;

			adjust = 0;
			nmove = cur_line - this_line;
			if (!fine) {
				/* round up to next line */
				if (cur_line & 1) {
					adjust = 1;
					nmove++;
				}
			}
			if (nmove < 0) {
				for (; nmove < 0 && l->l_prev; nmove++)
					l = l->l_prev;
				if (nmove) {
					if (nflushd_lines == 0) {
						/*
						 * Allow backup past first
						 * line if nothing has been
						 * flushed yet.
						 */
						for (; nmove < 0; nmove++) {
							lnew = alloc_line();
							l->l_prev = lnew;
							lnew->l_next = l;
							l = lines = lnew;
							extra_lines++;
						}
					} else {
						if (!warned++)
							dowarn(cur_line);
						cur_line -= nmove;
					}
				}
			} else {
				/* may need to allocate here */
				for (; nmove > 0 && l->l_next; nmove--)
					l = l->l_next;
				for (; nmove > 0; nmove--) {
					lnew = alloc_line();
					lnew->l_prev = l;
					l->l_next = lnew;
					l = lnew;
				}
			}
			this_line = cur_line + adjust;
			nmove = this_line - nflushd_lines;
			if (nmove >= max_bufd_lines + BUFFER_MARGIN) {
				nflushd_lines += nmove - max_bufd_lines;
				flush_lines(nmove - max_bufd_lines);
			}
		}
		/* grow line's buffer? */
		if (l->l_line_len + 1 >= l->l_lsize) {
			int need;

			need = l->l_lsize ? l->l_lsize * 2 : 90;
			l->l_line = (CHAR *)xmalloc((void *) l->l_line,
			    (unsigned) need * sizeof(CHAR));
			l->l_lsize = need;
		}
		c = &l->l_line[l->l_line_len++];
		c->c_char = ch;
		c->c_set = cur_set;
		c->c_column = cur_col;
		/*
		 * If things are put in out of order, they will need sorting
		 * when it is flushed.
		 */
		if (cur_col < l->l_max_col)
			l->l_needs_sort = 1;
		else
			l->l_max_col = cur_col;
		cur_col++;
	}
	if (max_line == 0)
		exit(0);	/* no lines, so just exit */

	/* goto the last line that had a character on it */
	for (; l->l_next; l = l->l_next)
		this_line++;
	flush_lines(this_line - nflushd_lines + extra_lines + 1);

	/* make sure we leave things in a sane state */
	if (last_set != CS_NORMAL)
		PUTC('\017');

	/* flush out the last few blank lines */
	nblank_lines = max_line - this_line;
	if (max_line & 1)
		nblank_lines++;
	else if (!nblank_lines)
		/* missing a \n on the last line? */
		nblank_lines = 2;
	flush_blanks();
	exit(0);
}

void
flush_lines(int nflush)
{
	LINE *l;

	while (--nflush >= 0) {
		l = lines;
		lines = l->l_next;
		if (l->l_line) {
			flush_blanks();
			flush_line(l);
		}
		nblank_lines++;
		if (l->l_line)
			(void)free((void *)l->l_line);
		free_line(l);
	}
	if (lines)
		lines->l_prev = NULL;
}

/*
 * Print a number of newline/half newlines.  If fine flag is set, nblank_lines
 * is the number of half line feeds, otherwise it is the number of whole line
 * feeds.
 */
void
flush_blanks(void)
{
	int half, i, nb;

	half = 0;
	nb = nblank_lines;
	if (nb & 1) {
		if (fine)
			half = 1;
		else
			nb++;
	}
	nb /= 2;
	for (i = nb; --i >= 0;)
		PUTC('\n');
	if (half) {
		PUTC('\033');
		PUTC('9');
		if (!nb)
			PUTC('\r');
	}
	nblank_lines = 0;
}

/*
 * Write a line to stdout taking care of space to tab conversion (-h flag)
 * and character set shifts.
 */
void
flush_line(LINE *l)
{
	CHAR *c, *endc;
	int nchars, last_col, this_col;

	last_col = 0;
	nchars = l->l_line_len;

	if (l->l_needs_sort) {
		static CHAR *sorted;
		static int count_size, *count, i, save, sorted_size, tot;

		/*
		 * Do an O(n) sort on l->l_line by column being careful to
		 * preserve the order of characters in the same column.
		 */
		if (l->l_lsize > sorted_size) {
			sorted_size = l->l_lsize;
			sorted = (CHAR *)xmalloc((void *)sorted,
			    (unsigned)sizeof(CHAR) * sorted_size);
		}
		if (l->l_max_col >= count_size) {
			count_size = l->l_max_col + 1;
			count = (int *)xmalloc((void *)count,
			    (unsigned)sizeof(int) * count_size);
		}
		memset((char *)count, 0, sizeof(int) * l->l_max_col + 1);
		for (i = nchars, c = l->l_line; --i >= 0; c++)
			count[c->c_column]++;

		/*
		 * calculate running total (shifted down by 1) to use as
		 * indices into new line.
		 */
		for (tot = 0, i = 0; i <= l->l_max_col; i++) {
			save = count[i];
			count[i] = tot;
			tot += save;
		}

		for (i = nchars, c = l->l_line; --i >= 0; c++)
			sorted[count[c->c_column]++] = *c;
		c = sorted;
	} else
		c = l->l_line;
	while (nchars > 0) {
		this_col = c->c_column;
		endc = c;
		do {
			++endc;
		} while (--nchars > 0 && this_col == endc->c_column);

		/* if -b only print last character */
		if (no_backspaces)
			c = endc - 1;

		if (this_col > last_col) {
			int nspace = this_col - last_col;

			if (compress_spaces && nspace > 1) {
				int ntabs;

				ntabs = ((last_col % 8) + nspace) / 8;
				if (ntabs) {
					nspace -= (ntabs * 8) - (last_col % 8);
					while (--ntabs >= 0)
						PUTC('\t');
				}
			}
			while (--nspace >= 0)
				PUTC(' ');
			last_col = this_col;
		}
		last_col++;

		for (;;) {
			if (c->c_set != last_set) {
				switch (c->c_set) {
				case CS_NORMAL:
					PUTC('\017');
					break;
				case CS_ALTERNATE:
					PUTC('\016');
				}
				last_set = c->c_set;
			}
			PUTC(c->c_char);
			if (++c >= endc)
				break;
			PUTC('\b');
		}
	}
}

#define	NALLOC 64

static LINE *line_freelist;

LINE *
alloc_line(void)
{
	LINE *l;
	int i;

	if (!line_freelist) {
		l = (LINE *)xmalloc(NULL, sizeof(LINE) * NALLOC);
		line_freelist = l;
		for (i = 1; i < NALLOC; i++, l++)
			l->l_next = l + 1;
		l->l_next = NULL;
	}
	l = line_freelist;
	line_freelist = l->l_next;

	memset(l, 0, sizeof(LINE));
	return (l);
}

void
free_line(LINE *l)
{

	l->l_next = line_freelist;
	line_freelist = l;
}

void *
xmalloc(void *p, size_t size)
{

	if (!(p = (void *)realloc(p, size)))
		err(1, "realloc failed");
	return (p);
}

void
usage(void)
{
	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: col [-bfhx] [-l num]\n");
	exit(1);
}

void
dowarn(int line)
{

	warnx("warning: can't back up %s",
		line < 0 ? "past first line" : "-- line already flushed");
}