Annotation of src/usr.bin/find/find.1, Revision 1.63
1.63 ! otto 1: .\" $OpenBSD: find.1,v 1.62 2006/10/11 11:46:04 jmc Exp $
1.1 deraadt 2: .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
3: .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4: .\"
5: .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6: .\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
7: .\"
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9: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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13: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
1.38 millert 16: .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
1.1 deraadt 17: .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18: .\" without specific prior written permission.
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32: .\" from: @(#)find.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
33: .\"
1.24 millert 34: .Dd December 4, 1999
1.1 deraadt 35: .Dt FIND 1
36: .Os
37: .Sh NAME
38: .Nm find
39: .Nd walk a file hierarchy
40: .Sh SYNOPSIS
41: .Nm find
1.48 millert 42: .Op Fl dHhLXx
1.43 jaredy 43: .Op Fl f Ar path
44: .Ar path ...\&
1.34 deraadt 45: .Op Ar expression
1.1 deraadt 46: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.22 aaron 47: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 48: recursively descends the directory tree for each
1.43 jaredy 49: .Ar path
1.1 deraadt 50: listed, evaluating an
51: .Ar expression
1.22 aaron 52: (composed of the
53: .Dq primaries
54: and
1.52 otto 55: .Dq operators
1.22 aaron 56: listed below) in terms
1.12 millert 57: of each file in the tree.
1.34 deraadt 58: In the absence of an expression,
59: .Ic -print
60: is assumed.
1.1 deraadt 61: .Pp
62: The options are as follows:
63: .Bl -tag -width Ds
64: .It Fl d
1.16 aaron 65: Causes
1.22 aaron 66: .Nm
1.45 jmc 67: to visit directories in post-order
68: i.e. all entries in a directory will be acted on before the directory itself.
1.1 deraadt 69: By default,
1.22 aaron 70: .Nm
1.45 jmc 71: visits directories in pre-order i.e. before their contents.
1.43 jaredy 72: .It Fl f Ar path
1.16 aaron 73: Specifies a file hierarchy for
1.22 aaron 74: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 75: to traverse.
1.52 otto 76: File hierarchies may be specified without the
77: .Fl f
78: option if they are given immediately after any other options.
1.35 millert 79: .It Fl H
80: Causes the file information and file type (see
81: .Xr stat 2 )
82: returned for each symbolic link encountered on the command line to be
83: those of the file referenced by the link, not the link itself.
84: If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
85: be for the link itself.
86: File information of all symbolic links not on
87: the command line is that of the link itself.
1.1 deraadt 88: .It Fl h
1.35 millert 89: An alias for the
90: .Fl L
91: option.
1.37 david 92: This option exists for backwards compatibility.
1.35 millert 93: .It Fl L
1.16 aaron 94: Causes the file information and file type (see
1.22 aaron 95: .Xr stat 2 )
1.1 deraadt 96: returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the
97: link, not the link itself.
98: If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
99: be for the link itself.
100: .It Fl X
1.16 aaron 101: Permit
1.1 deraadt 102: .Nm
103: to be safely used in conjunction with
104: .Xr xargs 1 .
105: If a file name contains any of the delimiting characters used by
106: .Xr xargs ,
107: a diagnostic message is displayed on standard error, and the file
108: is skipped.
1.22 aaron 109: The delimiting characters include single
110: .Pq Ql '
111: and double
112: .Pq Ql \&"
113: quotes, backslash
114: .Pq Ql \e ,
115: space, tab, and newline
116: .Pq Sq \en
117: characters.
1.41 millert 118: Alternatively, the
1.4 deraadt 119: .Fl print0
1.41 millert 120: primary may be used in conjunction with the
1.4 deraadt 121: .Fl 0
1.41 millert 122: option to
123: .Xr xargs 1 ,
124: allowing all file names to be processed safely.
1.1 deraadt 125: .It Fl x
1.16 aaron 126: Prevents
1.22 aaron 127: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 128: from descending into directories that have a device number different
129: than that of the file from which the descent began.
130: .El
131: .Sh PRIMARIES
132: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.22 aaron 133: .It Ic -amin Ar n
1.15 deraadt 134: True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
1.22 aaron 135: .Nm
1.20 aaron 136: was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
1.15 deraadt 137: .Ar n
1.20 aaron 138: minutes.
1.24 millert 139: .It Ic -anewer Ar file
140: True if the current file has a more recent last access time than
1.25 aaron 141: .Ar file .
1.22 aaron 142: .It Ic -atime Ar n
1.1 deraadt 143: True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
1.22 aaron 144: .Nm
145: was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
1.1 deraadt 146: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 147: 24-hour periods.
148: .It Ic -cmin Ar n
1.15 deraadt 149: True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
150: information and the time
1.22 aaron 151: .Nm
1.20 aaron 152: was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
1.15 deraadt 153: .Ar n
1.20 aaron 154: minutes.
1.24 millert 155: .It Ic -cnewer Ar file
156: True if the current file has a more recent last change time than
1.25 aaron 157: .Ar file .
1.22 aaron 158: .It Ic -ctime Ar n
1.1 deraadt 159: True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
160: information and the time
1.22 aaron 161: .Nm
162: was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
1.1 deraadt 163: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 164: 24-hour periods.
1.56 jmc 165: .It Ic -depth
1.61 jmc 166: This primary always evaluates to true.
1.56 jmc 167: The same as specifying the
168: .Fl d
169: option.
1.8 tholo 170: .It Ic -empty
171: True if the current file or directory is empty.
1.59 jmc 172: .It Xo
173: .Ic -exec Ar utility
174: .Op argument ...
175: .No ;
176: .Xc
1.1 deraadt 177: True if the program named
178: .Ar utility
179: returns a zero value as its exit status.
180: Optional arguments may be passed to the utility.
1.22 aaron 181: The expression must be terminated by a semicolon
182: .Pq Ql \&; .
183: If the string
184: .Qq {}
185: appears anywhere in the utility name or the
1.1 deraadt 186: arguments it is replaced by the pathname of the current file.
1.16 aaron 187: .Ar utility
1.1 deraadt 188: will be executed from the directory from which
1.22 aaron 189: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 190: was executed.
1.63 ! otto 191: .Pp
! 192: Since
! 193: .Ar utility
! 194: is executed every time a match is made,
! 195: it is often more efficient to pipe the output of
! 196: .Nm
! 197: to
! 198: .Xr xargs 1 .
1.59 jmc 199: .It Xo
200: .Ic -execdir Ar utility
201: .Op argument ...
202: .No ;
203: .Xc
1.22 aaron 204: Identical to the
1.10 millert 205: .Ic -exec
206: primary with the exception that
1.16 aaron 207: .Ar utility
1.10 millert 208: will be executed from the directory that holds
1.25 aaron 209: the current file.
210: The filename substituted for the string
1.22 aaron 211: .Qq {}
212: is not qualified.
1.28 millert 213: .It Xo
214: .Ic -flags
215: .Op Fl
216: .Ar flags
217: .Xc
218: The
219: .Ar flags
220: are comma-separated symbolic file flags (see
221: .Xr chflags 1
222: for a list of valid flag names).
223: If the flags are preceded by a dash
1.54 jmc 224: .Pq Sq - ,
1.49 otto 225: this primary evaluates to true if at least all specified
226: .Ar flags
227: are set in the file's flags.
1.28 millert 228: If the flags are not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to true if the
229: flags specified exactly match those of the file.
1.2 deraadt 230: .It Ic -follow
1.61 jmc 231: This primary always evaluates to true.
1.56 jmc 232: The same as specifying the
233: .Fl H
234: option.
1.22 aaron 235: .It Ic -fstype Ar type
1.1 deraadt 236: True if the file is contained in a file system of type
237: .Ar type .
1.22 aaron 238: Two special file system types are recognized:
239: .Dq local
240: and
241: .Dq rdonly .
1.1 deraadt 242: These do not describe actual file system types;
243: the former matches any file system physically mounted on the system where
1.22 aaron 244: .Nm
245: is being executed whereas the latter matches any file system which is
1.1 deraadt 246: mounted read-only.
1.22 aaron 247: .It Ic -group Ar gname
1.1 deraadt 248: True if the file belongs to the group
1.25 aaron 249: .Ar gname .
1.1 deraadt 250: If
251: .Ar gname
252: is numeric and there is no such group name, then
253: .Ar gname
1.16 aaron 254: is treated as a group ID.
1.27 deraadt 255: .It Ic -iname Ar pattern
256: True if the last component of the pathname being examined
257: matches
258: .Ar pattern .
259: Case insensitive.
1.22 aaron 260: .It Ic -inum Ar n
1.1 deraadt 261: True if the file has inode number
1.25 aaron 262: .Ar n .
1.22 aaron 263: .It Ic -links Ar n
1.1 deraadt 264: True if the file has
265: .Ar n
266: links.
267: .It Ic -ls
268: This primary always evaluates to true.
269: The following information for the current file is written to standard output:
1.22 aaron 270: its inode number, size in 512-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard
1.1 deraadt 271: links, owner, group, size in bytes, last modification time, and pathname.
272: If the file is a block or character special file, the major and minor numbers
273: will be displayed instead of the size in bytes.
1.22 aaron 274: If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file will be
275: displayed preceded by
1.54 jmc 276: .Dq -\*(Gt .
1.22 aaron 277: The format is identical to that produced by
1.54 jmc 278: .Dq ls -dgils .
1.6 tholo 279: .It Ic -maxdepth Ar n
1.7 tholo 280: True if the current search depth is less than or equal to what is specified in
281: .Ar n .
282: .It Ic -mindepth Ar n
283: True if the current search depth is at least what is specified in
1.6 tholo 284: .Ar n .
1.22 aaron 285: .It Ic -mmin Ar n
1.15 deraadt 286: True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
1.22 aaron 287: .Nm
1.20 aaron 288: was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
1.15 deraadt 289: .Ar n
1.20 aaron 290: minutes.
1.22 aaron 291: .It Ic -mtime Ar n
1.1 deraadt 292: True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
1.22 aaron 293: .Nm
294: was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
1.1 deraadt 295: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 296: 24-hour periods.
297: .It Ic -name Ar pattern
1.1 deraadt 298: True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches
1.25 aaron 299: .Ar pattern .
1.22 aaron 300: Special shell pattern matching characters
301: .Pf ( Ql [ ,
302: .Ql \&] ,
303: .Ql * ,
304: and
1.40 jmc 305: .Ql \&? )
1.1 deraadt 306: may be used as part of
1.25 aaron 307: .Ar pattern .
1.1 deraadt 308: These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
1.22 aaron 309: backslash
310: .Pq Ql \e .
311: .It Ic -newer Ar file
1.1 deraadt 312: True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than
1.25 aaron 313: .Ar file .
1.44 jmc 314: .It Ic -nogroup
315: True if the file belongs to an unknown group.
1.1 deraadt 316: .It Ic -nouser
317: True if the file belongs to an unknown user.
1.60 jmc 318: .It Xo
319: .Ic -ok Ar utility
320: .Op argument ...
321: .No ;
322: .Xc
1.22 aaron 323: Identical to the
324: .Ic -exec
325: primary with the exception that
326: .Nm
327: requests user affirmation for the execution of
328: .Ar utility
329: by printing
330: a message to the terminal and reading a response.
331: If the response is other than
332: .Sq y
333: the command is not executed and the
334: value of the
1.54 jmc 335: .Ic ok
1.22 aaron 336: expression is false.
337: .It Ic -path Ar pattern
1.1 deraadt 338: True if the pathname being examined matches
1.25 aaron 339: .Ar pattern .
1.22 aaron 340: Special shell pattern matching characters
341: .Pf ( Ql [ ,
342: .Ql \&] ,
343: .Ql * ,
344: and
1.40 jmc 345: .Ql \&? )
1.1 deraadt 346: may be used as part of
1.25 aaron 347: .Ar pattern .
1.1 deraadt 348: These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
1.22 aaron 349: backslash
350: .Pq Ql \e .
351: Slashes
352: .Pq Ql /
353: are treated as normal characters and do not have to be
1.1 deraadt 354: matched explicitly.
1.21 aaron 355: .It Xo
356: .Ic -perm
357: .Op Fl
358: .Ar mode
359: .Xc
1.1 deraadt 360: The
361: .Ar mode
362: may be either symbolic (see
1.25 aaron 363: .Xr chmod 1 )
1.1 deraadt 364: or an octal number.
365: If the mode is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the
1.16 aaron 366: mode sets or clears permissions without regard to the process's file mode
1.1 deraadt 367: creation mask.
368: If the mode is octal, only bits 07777
369: .Pf ( Dv S_ISUID
370: |
371: .Dv S_ISGID
372: |
373: .Dv S_ISTXT
374: |
375: .Dv S_IRWXU
376: |
377: .Dv S_IRWXG
378: |
379: .Dv S_IRWXO )
380: of the file's mode bits participate
381: in the comparison.
1.22 aaron 382: If the mode is preceded by a dash
1.54 jmc 383: .Pq Sq - ,
1.22 aaron 384: this primary evaluates to true
1.1 deraadt 385: if at least all of the bits in the mode are set in the file's mode bits.
1.22 aaron 386: If the mode is not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to
1.16 aaron 387: true if the bits in the mode exactly match the file's mode bits.
1.22 aaron 388: Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash.
1.1 deraadt 389: .It Ic -print
390: This primary always evaluates to true.
391: It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed
1.22 aaron 392: by a newline
393: .Pq Ql \en
394: character.
1.1 deraadt 395: If neither
396: .Ic -exec ,
397: .Ic -ls ,
398: .Ic -ok ,
399: nor
400: .Ic -print0
401: is specified, the given expression shall be effectively replaced by
1.22 aaron 402: .Cm \&( Ns Ar given\& expression Ns Cm \&)
1.1 deraadt 403: .Ic -print .
404: .It Ic -print0
405: This primary always evaluates to true.
406: It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed
407: by a null character.
408: .It Ic -prune
409: This primary always evaluates to true.
410: It causes
1.22 aaron 411: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 412: to not descend into the current file.
413: Note, the
414: .Ic -prune
415: primary has no effect if the
416: .Fl d
417: option was specified.
1.22 aaron 418: .It Ic -size Ar n Ns Op Cm c
419: True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512-byte blocks is
1.25 aaron 420: .Ar n .
1.1 deraadt 421: If
422: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 423: is followed by a
424: .Sq c ,
425: then the primary is true if the
1.1 deraadt 426: file's size is
427: .Ar n
428: bytes.
1.22 aaron 429: .It Ic -type Ar t
1.1 deraadt 430: True if the file is of the specified type.
431: Possible file types are as follows:
432: .Pp
433: .Bl -tag -width flag -offset indent -compact
434: .It Cm b
435: block special
436: .It Cm c
437: character special
438: .It Cm d
439: directory
440: .It Cm f
441: regular file
442: .It Cm l
443: symbolic link
444: .It Cm p
445: FIFO
446: .It Cm s
447: socket
448: .El
449: .Pp
1.22 aaron 450: .It Ic -user Ar uname
1.1 deraadt 451: True if the file belongs to the user
1.25 aaron 452: .Ar uname .
1.1 deraadt 453: If
454: .Ar uname
455: is numeric and there is no such user name, then
456: .Ar uname
1.16 aaron 457: is treated as a user ID.
1.56 jmc 458: .It Ic -xdev
1.61 jmc 459: This primary always evaluates to true.
1.56 jmc 460: The same as specifying the
461: .Fl x
462: option.
1.1 deraadt 463: .El
464: .Pp
465: All primaries which take a numeric argument allow the number to be
1.22 aaron 466: preceded by a plus sign
467: .Pq Ql +
468: or a minus sign
1.54 jmc 469: .Pq Ql - .
1.22 aaron 470: A preceding plus sign means
471: .Dq more than n ,
472: a preceding minus sign means
473: .Dq less than n ,
474: and neither means
475: .Dq exactly n .
1.1 deraadt 476: .Sh OPERATORS
477: The primaries may be combined using the following operators.
478: The operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
1.47 jmc 479: .Pp
480: .Bl -tag -width "(expression)" -compact
1.51 jmc 481: .It Cm \&( Ar expression Cm \&)
1.1 deraadt 482: This evaluates to true if the parenthesized expression evaluates to
483: true.
484: .Pp
1.51 jmc 485: .It Cm \&! Ar expression
1.1 deraadt 486: This is the unary
487: .Tn NOT
488: operator.
489: It evaluates to true if the expression is false.
490: .Pp
1.22 aaron 491: .It Ar expression Cm -and Ar expression
492: .It Ar expression expression
1.1 deraadt 493: The
494: .Cm -and
495: operator is the logical
496: .Tn AND
497: operator.
498: As it is implied by the juxtaposition of two expressions it does not
499: have to be specified.
500: The expression evaluates to true if both expressions are true.
501: The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is false.
502: .Pp
1.22 aaron 503: .It Ar expression Cm -or Ar expression
1.1 deraadt 504: The
505: .Cm -or
506: operator is the logical
507: .Tn OR
508: operator.
509: The expression evaluates to true if either the first or the second expression
510: is true.
511: The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is true.
512: .El
513: .Pp
1.53 otto 514: Operators, primaries, and arguments to primaries must be separate
515: arguments to
516: .Nm find ,
517: i.e. they should be separated by whitespace.
1.1 deraadt 518: .Sh EXAMPLES
1.62 jmc 519: Print out a list of all the files whose names end in
1.43 jaredy 520: .Dq \&.c :
521: .Pp
1.62 jmc 522: .Dl "$ find / -name '*.c'"
1.43 jaredy 523: .Pp
1.22 aaron 524: Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than
525: .Dq ttt
526: and owned by
1.43 jaredy 527: .Dq wnj :
528: .Pp
1.62 jmc 529: .Dl "$ find / \e! \e( -newer ttt -user wnj \e)"
1.43 jaredy 530: .Pp
531: Print out a list of all core files on local file systems:
532: .Pp
1.62 jmc 533: .Dl "$ find / \e! -fstype local -prune -or -name '*.core'"
1.46 jmc 534: .Pp
535: Find all files in
536: .Pa /usr/src
537: ending in a dot and single digit, but skip directory
538: .Pa /usr/src/gnu :
539: .Pp
1.62 jmc 540: .Dl "$ find /usr/src -path /usr/src/gnu -prune -or -name \e*.[0-9]"
541: .Pp
542: Find and remove all *.jpg files in the current working directory:
543: .Pp
544: .Dl "$ find . -name \e*.jpg -exec rm {} \e;"
1.63 ! otto 545: or
! 546: .Dl "$ find . -name \e*.jpg | xargs rm"
1.1 deraadt 547: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.29 millert 548: .Xr chflags 1 ,
1.1 deraadt 549: .Xr chmod 1 ,
550: .Xr locate 1 ,
1.23 aaron 551: .Xr whereis 1 ,
552: .Xr which 1 ,
1.41 millert 553: .Xr xargs 1 ,
1.1 deraadt 554: .Xr stat 2 ,
555: .Xr fts 3 ,
1.16 aaron 556: .Xr getgrent 3 ,
1.1 deraadt 557: .Xr getpwent 3 ,
558: .Xr strmode 3 ,
559: .Xr symlink 7
560: .Sh STANDARDS
561: The
1.22 aaron 562: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 563: utility syntax is a superset of the syntax specified by the
1.55 jmc 564: .St -p1003.1-2004
1.1 deraadt 565: standard.
566: .Pp
1.55 jmc 567: The options
568: .Op Fl dfhXx
569: and primaries
1.18 deraadt 570: .Ic -amin ,
1.55 jmc 571: .Ic -anewer ,
1.18 deraadt 572: .Ic -cmin ,
1.55 jmc 573: .Ic -cnewer ,
1.9 tholo 574: .Ic -empty ,
1.55 jmc 575: .Ic -execdir ,
576: .Ic -flags ,
1.1 deraadt 577: .Ic -follow ,
578: .Ic -fstype ,
1.27 deraadt 579: .Ic -iname ,
1.2 deraadt 580: .Ic -inum ,
1.9 tholo 581: .Ic -ls ,
582: .Ic -maxdepth ,
1.13 deraadt 583: .Ic -mindepth ,
1.55 jmc 584: .Ic -mmin ,
585: .Ic -path ,
1.1 deraadt 586: and
587: .Ic -print0
1.13 deraadt 588: are extensions to
1.55 jmc 589: .St -p1003.1-2004 .
1.27 deraadt 590: The
591: .Ic -iname
1.57 otto 592: primary was inspired by GNU find.
1.1 deraadt 593: .Pp
594: Historically, the
595: .Fl d ,
1.26 aaron 596: .Fl H ,
1.1 deraadt 597: and
598: .Fl x
1.14 deraadt 599: options were implemented using the primaries
600: .Ic -depth ,
601: .Ic -follow ,
602: and
603: .Ic -xdev .
1.1 deraadt 604: These primaries always evaluated to true.
605: As they were really global variables that took effect before the traversal
606: began, some legal expressions could have unexpected results.
1.22 aaron 607: An example is the expression
1.54 jmc 608: .Dq -print -o -depth .
1.22 aaron 609: As
1.54 jmc 610: .Cm -print
1.22 aaron 611: always evaluates to true, the standard order of evaluation
612: implies that
1.54 jmc 613: .Cm -depth
1.22 aaron 614: would never be evaluated.
1.1 deraadt 615: This is not the case.
616: .Pp
1.22 aaron 617: The operator
618: .Cm -or
619: was implemented as
1.54 jmc 620: .Cm -o ,
1.22 aaron 621: and the operator
622: .Cm -and
623: was implemented as
1.54 jmc 624: .Cm -a .
1.1 deraadt 625: .Pp
626: Historic implementations of the
627: .Ic -exec
628: and
629: .Ic -ok
1.22 aaron 630: primaries did not replace the string
631: .Qq {}
632: in the utility name or the
1.1 deraadt 633: utility arguments if it had preceding or following non-whitespace characters.
634: This version replaces it no matter where in the utility name or arguments
635: it appears.
1.30 aaron 636: .Sh HISTORY
637: A
638: .Nm
639: command appeared in
640: .At v1 .
1.50 jmc 641: .Sh CAVEATS
1.1 deraadt 642: The special characters used by
1.22 aaron 643: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 644: are also special characters to many shell programs.
1.22 aaron 645: In particular, the characters
646: .Ql * ,
647: .Ql [ ,
648: .Ql \&] ,
1.40 jmc 649: .Ql \&? ,
1.22 aaron 650: .Ql ( ,
651: .Ql \&) ,
1.40 jmc 652: .Ql \&! ,
1.22 aaron 653: .Ql \e ,
654: and
655: .Ql \&;
656: may have to be escaped from the shell.
1.1 deraadt 657: .Pp
658: As there is no delimiter separating options and file names or file
659: names and the
660: .Ar expression ,
1.22 aaron 661: it is difficult to specify files named
662: .Dq -xdev
663: or
1.40 jmc 664: .Dq \&! .
1.1 deraadt 665: These problems are handled by the
666: .Fl f
667: option and the
668: .Xr getopt 3
1.54 jmc 669: .Dq --
1.22 aaron 670: construct.
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