Annotation of src/usr.bin/find/find.1, Revision 1.64
1.64 ! jmc 1: .\" $OpenBSD: find.1,v 1.63 2006/10/11 12:26:00 otto Exp $
1.1 deraadt 2: .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
3: .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4: .\"
5: .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6: .\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
7: .\"
8: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10: .\" are met:
11: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
1.38 millert 16: .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
1.1 deraadt 17: .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18: .\" without specific prior written permission.
19: .\"
20: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21: .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23: .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24: .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25: .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26: .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27: .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28: .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29: .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30: .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
31: .\"
32: .\" from: @(#)find.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
33: .\"
1.24 millert 34: .Dd December 4, 1999
1.1 deraadt 35: .Dt FIND 1
36: .Os
37: .Sh NAME
38: .Nm find
39: .Nd walk a file hierarchy
40: .Sh SYNOPSIS
41: .Nm find
1.48 millert 42: .Op Fl dHhLXx
1.43 jaredy 43: .Op Fl f Ar path
44: .Ar path ...\&
1.34 deraadt 45: .Op Ar expression
1.1 deraadt 46: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.22 aaron 47: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 48: recursively descends the directory tree for each
1.43 jaredy 49: .Ar path
1.1 deraadt 50: listed, evaluating an
51: .Ar expression
1.22 aaron 52: (composed of the
53: .Dq primaries
54: and
1.52 otto 55: .Dq operators
1.22 aaron 56: listed below) in terms
1.12 millert 57: of each file in the tree.
1.34 deraadt 58: In the absence of an expression,
59: .Ic -print
60: is assumed.
1.1 deraadt 61: .Pp
62: The options are as follows:
63: .Bl -tag -width Ds
64: .It Fl d
1.16 aaron 65: Causes
1.22 aaron 66: .Nm
1.45 jmc 67: to visit directories in post-order
68: i.e. all entries in a directory will be acted on before the directory itself.
1.1 deraadt 69: By default,
1.22 aaron 70: .Nm
1.45 jmc 71: visits directories in pre-order i.e. before their contents.
1.43 jaredy 72: .It Fl f Ar path
1.16 aaron 73: Specifies a file hierarchy for
1.22 aaron 74: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 75: to traverse.
1.52 otto 76: File hierarchies may be specified without the
77: .Fl f
78: option if they are given immediately after any other options.
1.35 millert 79: .It Fl H
80: Causes the file information and file type (see
81: .Xr stat 2 )
82: returned for each symbolic link encountered on the command line to be
83: those of the file referenced by the link, not the link itself.
84: If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
85: be for the link itself.
86: File information of all symbolic links not on
87: the command line is that of the link itself.
1.1 deraadt 88: .It Fl h
1.35 millert 89: An alias for the
90: .Fl L
91: option.
1.37 david 92: This option exists for backwards compatibility.
1.35 millert 93: .It Fl L
1.16 aaron 94: Causes the file information and file type (see
1.22 aaron 95: .Xr stat 2 )
1.1 deraadt 96: returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the
97: link, not the link itself.
98: If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
99: be for the link itself.
100: .It Fl X
1.16 aaron 101: Permit
1.1 deraadt 102: .Nm
103: to be safely used in conjunction with
104: .Xr xargs 1 .
105: If a file name contains any of the delimiting characters used by
106: .Xr xargs ,
107: a diagnostic message is displayed on standard error, and the file
108: is skipped.
1.22 aaron 109: The delimiting characters include single
110: .Pq Ql '
111: and double
112: .Pq Ql \&"
113: quotes, backslash
114: .Pq Ql \e ,
115: space, tab, and newline
116: .Pq Sq \en
117: characters.
1.41 millert 118: Alternatively, the
1.4 deraadt 119: .Fl print0
1.41 millert 120: primary may be used in conjunction with the
1.4 deraadt 121: .Fl 0
1.41 millert 122: option to
123: .Xr xargs 1 ,
124: allowing all file names to be processed safely.
1.1 deraadt 125: .It Fl x
1.16 aaron 126: Prevents
1.22 aaron 127: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 128: from descending into directories that have a device number different
129: than that of the file from which the descent began.
130: .El
131: .Sh PRIMARIES
132: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.22 aaron 133: .It Ic -amin Ar n
1.15 deraadt 134: True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
1.22 aaron 135: .Nm
1.20 aaron 136: was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
1.15 deraadt 137: .Ar n
1.20 aaron 138: minutes.
1.24 millert 139: .It Ic -anewer Ar file
140: True if the current file has a more recent last access time than
1.25 aaron 141: .Ar file .
1.22 aaron 142: .It Ic -atime Ar n
1.1 deraadt 143: True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
1.22 aaron 144: .Nm
145: was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
1.1 deraadt 146: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 147: 24-hour periods.
148: .It Ic -cmin Ar n
1.15 deraadt 149: True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
150: information and the time
1.22 aaron 151: .Nm
1.20 aaron 152: was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
1.15 deraadt 153: .Ar n
1.20 aaron 154: minutes.
1.24 millert 155: .It Ic -cnewer Ar file
156: True if the current file has a more recent last change time than
1.25 aaron 157: .Ar file .
1.22 aaron 158: .It Ic -ctime Ar n
1.1 deraadt 159: True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
160: information and the time
1.22 aaron 161: .Nm
162: was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
1.1 deraadt 163: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 164: 24-hour periods.
1.56 jmc 165: .It Ic -depth
1.61 jmc 166: This primary always evaluates to true.
1.56 jmc 167: The same as specifying the
168: .Fl d
169: option.
1.8 tholo 170: .It Ic -empty
171: True if the current file or directory is empty.
1.59 jmc 172: .It Xo
173: .Ic -exec Ar utility
174: .Op argument ...
175: .No ;
176: .Xc
1.1 deraadt 177: True if the program named
178: .Ar utility
179: returns a zero value as its exit status.
180: Optional arguments may be passed to the utility.
1.22 aaron 181: The expression must be terminated by a semicolon
182: .Pq Ql \&; .
183: If the string
184: .Qq {}
185: appears anywhere in the utility name or the
1.1 deraadt 186: arguments it is replaced by the pathname of the current file.
1.16 aaron 187: .Ar utility
1.1 deraadt 188: will be executed from the directory from which
1.22 aaron 189: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 190: was executed.
1.63 otto 191: .Pp
192: Since
193: .Ar utility
194: is executed every time a match is made,
195: it is often more efficient to pipe the output of
196: .Nm
197: to
198: .Xr xargs 1 .
1.59 jmc 199: .It Xo
200: .Ic -execdir Ar utility
201: .Op argument ...
202: .No ;
203: .Xc
1.22 aaron 204: Identical to the
1.10 millert 205: .Ic -exec
206: primary with the exception that
1.16 aaron 207: .Ar utility
1.10 millert 208: will be executed from the directory that holds
1.25 aaron 209: the current file.
210: The filename substituted for the string
1.22 aaron 211: .Qq {}
212: is not qualified.
1.28 millert 213: .It Xo
214: .Ic -flags
215: .Op Fl
216: .Ar flags
217: .Xc
218: The
219: .Ar flags
220: are comma-separated symbolic file flags (see
221: .Xr chflags 1
222: for a list of valid flag names).
223: If the flags are preceded by a dash
1.54 jmc 224: .Pq Sq - ,
1.49 otto 225: this primary evaluates to true if at least all specified
226: .Ar flags
227: are set in the file's flags.
1.28 millert 228: If the flags are not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to true if the
229: flags specified exactly match those of the file.
1.2 deraadt 230: .It Ic -follow
1.61 jmc 231: This primary always evaluates to true.
1.56 jmc 232: The same as specifying the
233: .Fl H
234: option.
1.22 aaron 235: .It Ic -fstype Ar type
1.1 deraadt 236: True if the file is contained in a file system of type
237: .Ar type .
1.22 aaron 238: Two special file system types are recognized:
239: .Dq local
240: and
241: .Dq rdonly .
1.1 deraadt 242: These do not describe actual file system types;
243: the former matches any file system physically mounted on the system where
1.22 aaron 244: .Nm
245: is being executed whereas the latter matches any file system which is
1.1 deraadt 246: mounted read-only.
1.22 aaron 247: .It Ic -group Ar gname
1.1 deraadt 248: True if the file belongs to the group
1.25 aaron 249: .Ar gname .
1.1 deraadt 250: If
251: .Ar gname
252: is numeric and there is no such group name, then
253: .Ar gname
1.16 aaron 254: is treated as a group ID.
1.27 deraadt 255: .It Ic -iname Ar pattern
256: True if the last component of the pathname being examined
257: matches
258: .Ar pattern .
259: Case insensitive.
1.22 aaron 260: .It Ic -inum Ar n
1.1 deraadt 261: True if the file has inode number
1.25 aaron 262: .Ar n .
1.22 aaron 263: .It Ic -links Ar n
1.1 deraadt 264: True if the file has
265: .Ar n
266: links.
267: .It Ic -ls
268: This primary always evaluates to true.
269: The following information for the current file is written to standard output:
1.22 aaron 270: its inode number, size in 512-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard
1.1 deraadt 271: links, owner, group, size in bytes, last modification time, and pathname.
272: If the file is a block or character special file, the major and minor numbers
273: will be displayed instead of the size in bytes.
1.22 aaron 274: If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file will be
275: displayed preceded by
1.54 jmc 276: .Dq -\*(Gt .
1.22 aaron 277: The format is identical to that produced by
1.54 jmc 278: .Dq ls -dgils .
1.6 tholo 279: .It Ic -maxdepth Ar n
1.7 tholo 280: True if the current search depth is less than or equal to what is specified in
281: .Ar n .
282: .It Ic -mindepth Ar n
283: True if the current search depth is at least what is specified in
1.6 tholo 284: .Ar n .
1.22 aaron 285: .It Ic -mmin Ar n
1.15 deraadt 286: True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
1.22 aaron 287: .Nm
1.20 aaron 288: was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
1.15 deraadt 289: .Ar n
1.20 aaron 290: minutes.
1.22 aaron 291: .It Ic -mtime Ar n
1.1 deraadt 292: True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
1.22 aaron 293: .Nm
294: was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
1.1 deraadt 295: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 296: 24-hour periods.
297: .It Ic -name Ar pattern
1.1 deraadt 298: True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches
1.25 aaron 299: .Ar pattern .
1.22 aaron 300: Special shell pattern matching characters
301: .Pf ( Ql [ ,
302: .Ql \&] ,
303: .Ql * ,
304: and
1.40 jmc 305: .Ql \&? )
1.1 deraadt 306: may be used as part of
1.25 aaron 307: .Ar pattern .
1.1 deraadt 308: These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
1.22 aaron 309: backslash
310: .Pq Ql \e .
311: .It Ic -newer Ar file
1.1 deraadt 312: True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than
1.25 aaron 313: .Ar file .
1.44 jmc 314: .It Ic -nogroup
315: True if the file belongs to an unknown group.
1.1 deraadt 316: .It Ic -nouser
317: True if the file belongs to an unknown user.
1.60 jmc 318: .It Xo
319: .Ic -ok Ar utility
320: .Op argument ...
321: .No ;
322: .Xc
1.22 aaron 323: Identical to the
324: .Ic -exec
325: primary with the exception that
326: .Nm
327: requests user affirmation for the execution of
328: .Ar utility
329: by printing
330: a message to the terminal and reading a response.
331: If the response is other than
332: .Sq y
333: the command is not executed and the
334: value of the
1.54 jmc 335: .Ic ok
1.22 aaron 336: expression is false.
337: .It Ic -path Ar pattern
1.1 deraadt 338: True if the pathname being examined matches
1.25 aaron 339: .Ar pattern .
1.22 aaron 340: Special shell pattern matching characters
341: .Pf ( Ql [ ,
342: .Ql \&] ,
343: .Ql * ,
344: and
1.40 jmc 345: .Ql \&? )
1.1 deraadt 346: may be used as part of
1.25 aaron 347: .Ar pattern .
1.1 deraadt 348: These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
1.22 aaron 349: backslash
350: .Pq Ql \e .
351: Slashes
352: .Pq Ql /
353: are treated as normal characters and do not have to be
1.1 deraadt 354: matched explicitly.
1.21 aaron 355: .It Xo
356: .Ic -perm
357: .Op Fl
358: .Ar mode
359: .Xc
1.1 deraadt 360: The
361: .Ar mode
362: may be either symbolic (see
1.25 aaron 363: .Xr chmod 1 )
1.1 deraadt 364: or an octal number.
365: If the mode is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the
1.16 aaron 366: mode sets or clears permissions without regard to the process's file mode
1.1 deraadt 367: creation mask.
368: If the mode is octal, only bits 07777
1.64 ! jmc 369: .Po
! 370: .Dv S_ISUID \*(Ba S_ISGID \*(Ba S_ISTXT
! 371: .Dv S_IRWXU \*(Ba S_IRWXG \*(Ba S_IRWXO
! 372: .Pc
1.1 deraadt 373: of the file's mode bits participate
374: in the comparison.
1.22 aaron 375: If the mode is preceded by a dash
1.54 jmc 376: .Pq Sq - ,
1.22 aaron 377: this primary evaluates to true
1.1 deraadt 378: if at least all of the bits in the mode are set in the file's mode bits.
1.22 aaron 379: If the mode is not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to
1.16 aaron 380: true if the bits in the mode exactly match the file's mode bits.
1.22 aaron 381: Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash.
1.1 deraadt 382: .It Ic -print
383: This primary always evaluates to true.
384: It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed
1.22 aaron 385: by a newline
386: .Pq Ql \en
387: character.
1.1 deraadt 388: If neither
389: .Ic -exec ,
390: .Ic -ls ,
391: .Ic -ok ,
392: nor
393: .Ic -print0
394: is specified, the given expression shall be effectively replaced by
1.22 aaron 395: .Cm \&( Ns Ar given\& expression Ns Cm \&)
1.1 deraadt 396: .Ic -print .
397: .It Ic -print0
398: This primary always evaluates to true.
399: It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed
400: by a null character.
401: .It Ic -prune
402: This primary always evaluates to true.
403: It causes
1.22 aaron 404: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 405: to not descend into the current file.
406: Note, the
407: .Ic -prune
408: primary has no effect if the
409: .Fl d
410: option was specified.
1.22 aaron 411: .It Ic -size Ar n Ns Op Cm c
412: True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512-byte blocks is
1.25 aaron 413: .Ar n .
1.1 deraadt 414: If
415: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 416: is followed by a
417: .Sq c ,
418: then the primary is true if the
1.1 deraadt 419: file's size is
420: .Ar n
421: bytes.
1.22 aaron 422: .It Ic -type Ar t
1.1 deraadt 423: True if the file is of the specified type.
424: Possible file types are as follows:
425: .Pp
426: .Bl -tag -width flag -offset indent -compact
427: .It Cm b
428: block special
429: .It Cm c
430: character special
431: .It Cm d
432: directory
433: .It Cm f
434: regular file
435: .It Cm l
436: symbolic link
437: .It Cm p
438: FIFO
439: .It Cm s
440: socket
441: .El
442: .Pp
1.22 aaron 443: .It Ic -user Ar uname
1.1 deraadt 444: True if the file belongs to the user
1.25 aaron 445: .Ar uname .
1.1 deraadt 446: If
447: .Ar uname
448: is numeric and there is no such user name, then
449: .Ar uname
1.16 aaron 450: is treated as a user ID.
1.56 jmc 451: .It Ic -xdev
1.61 jmc 452: This primary always evaluates to true.
1.56 jmc 453: The same as specifying the
454: .Fl x
455: option.
1.1 deraadt 456: .El
457: .Pp
458: All primaries which take a numeric argument allow the number to be
1.22 aaron 459: preceded by a plus sign
460: .Pq Ql +
461: or a minus sign
1.54 jmc 462: .Pq Ql - .
1.22 aaron 463: A preceding plus sign means
464: .Dq more than n ,
465: a preceding minus sign means
466: .Dq less than n ,
467: and neither means
468: .Dq exactly n .
1.1 deraadt 469: .Sh OPERATORS
470: The primaries may be combined using the following operators.
471: The operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
1.47 jmc 472: .Pp
473: .Bl -tag -width "(expression)" -compact
1.51 jmc 474: .It Cm \&( Ar expression Cm \&)
1.1 deraadt 475: This evaluates to true if the parenthesized expression evaluates to
476: true.
477: .Pp
1.51 jmc 478: .It Cm \&! Ar expression
1.1 deraadt 479: This is the unary
480: .Tn NOT
481: operator.
482: It evaluates to true if the expression is false.
483: .Pp
1.22 aaron 484: .It Ar expression Cm -and Ar expression
485: .It Ar expression expression
1.1 deraadt 486: The
487: .Cm -and
488: operator is the logical
489: .Tn AND
490: operator.
491: As it is implied by the juxtaposition of two expressions it does not
492: have to be specified.
493: The expression evaluates to true if both expressions are true.
494: The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is false.
495: .Pp
1.22 aaron 496: .It Ar expression Cm -or Ar expression
1.1 deraadt 497: The
498: .Cm -or
499: operator is the logical
500: .Tn OR
501: operator.
502: The expression evaluates to true if either the first or the second expression
503: is true.
504: The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is true.
505: .El
506: .Pp
1.53 otto 507: Operators, primaries, and arguments to primaries must be separate
508: arguments to
509: .Nm find ,
510: i.e. they should be separated by whitespace.
1.1 deraadt 511: .Sh EXAMPLES
1.62 jmc 512: Print out a list of all the files whose names end in
1.43 jaredy 513: .Dq \&.c :
514: .Pp
1.62 jmc 515: .Dl "$ find / -name '*.c'"
1.43 jaredy 516: .Pp
1.22 aaron 517: Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than
518: .Dq ttt
519: and owned by
1.43 jaredy 520: .Dq wnj :
521: .Pp
1.62 jmc 522: .Dl "$ find / \e! \e( -newer ttt -user wnj \e)"
1.43 jaredy 523: .Pp
524: Print out a list of all core files on local file systems:
525: .Pp
1.62 jmc 526: .Dl "$ find / \e! -fstype local -prune -or -name '*.core'"
1.46 jmc 527: .Pp
528: Find all files in
529: .Pa /usr/src
530: ending in a dot and single digit, but skip directory
531: .Pa /usr/src/gnu :
532: .Pp
1.62 jmc 533: .Dl "$ find /usr/src -path /usr/src/gnu -prune -or -name \e*.[0-9]"
534: .Pp
535: Find and remove all *.jpg files in the current working directory:
536: .Pp
537: .Dl "$ find . -name \e*.jpg -exec rm {} \e;"
1.63 otto 538: or
539: .Dl "$ find . -name \e*.jpg | xargs rm"
1.1 deraadt 540: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.29 millert 541: .Xr chflags 1 ,
1.1 deraadt 542: .Xr chmod 1 ,
543: .Xr locate 1 ,
1.23 aaron 544: .Xr whereis 1 ,
545: .Xr which 1 ,
1.41 millert 546: .Xr xargs 1 ,
1.1 deraadt 547: .Xr stat 2 ,
548: .Xr fts 3 ,
1.16 aaron 549: .Xr getgrent 3 ,
1.1 deraadt 550: .Xr getpwent 3 ,
551: .Xr strmode 3 ,
552: .Xr symlink 7
553: .Sh STANDARDS
554: The
1.22 aaron 555: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 556: utility syntax is a superset of the syntax specified by the
1.55 jmc 557: .St -p1003.1-2004
1.1 deraadt 558: standard.
559: .Pp
1.55 jmc 560: The options
561: .Op Fl dfhXx
562: and primaries
1.18 deraadt 563: .Ic -amin ,
1.55 jmc 564: .Ic -anewer ,
1.18 deraadt 565: .Ic -cmin ,
1.55 jmc 566: .Ic -cnewer ,
1.9 tholo 567: .Ic -empty ,
1.55 jmc 568: .Ic -execdir ,
569: .Ic -flags ,
1.1 deraadt 570: .Ic -follow ,
571: .Ic -fstype ,
1.27 deraadt 572: .Ic -iname ,
1.2 deraadt 573: .Ic -inum ,
1.9 tholo 574: .Ic -ls ,
575: .Ic -maxdepth ,
1.13 deraadt 576: .Ic -mindepth ,
1.55 jmc 577: .Ic -mmin ,
578: .Ic -path ,
1.1 deraadt 579: and
580: .Ic -print0
1.13 deraadt 581: are extensions to
1.55 jmc 582: .St -p1003.1-2004 .
1.27 deraadt 583: The
584: .Ic -iname
1.57 otto 585: primary was inspired by GNU find.
1.1 deraadt 586: .Pp
587: Historically, the
588: .Fl d ,
1.26 aaron 589: .Fl H ,
1.1 deraadt 590: and
591: .Fl x
1.14 deraadt 592: options were implemented using the primaries
593: .Ic -depth ,
594: .Ic -follow ,
595: and
596: .Ic -xdev .
1.1 deraadt 597: These primaries always evaluated to true.
598: As they were really global variables that took effect before the traversal
599: began, some legal expressions could have unexpected results.
1.22 aaron 600: An example is the expression
1.54 jmc 601: .Dq -print -o -depth .
1.22 aaron 602: As
1.54 jmc 603: .Cm -print
1.22 aaron 604: always evaluates to true, the standard order of evaluation
605: implies that
1.54 jmc 606: .Cm -depth
1.22 aaron 607: would never be evaluated.
1.1 deraadt 608: This is not the case.
609: .Pp
1.22 aaron 610: The operator
611: .Cm -or
612: was implemented as
1.54 jmc 613: .Cm -o ,
1.22 aaron 614: and the operator
615: .Cm -and
616: was implemented as
1.54 jmc 617: .Cm -a .
1.1 deraadt 618: .Pp
619: Historic implementations of the
620: .Ic -exec
621: and
622: .Ic -ok
1.22 aaron 623: primaries did not replace the string
624: .Qq {}
625: in the utility name or the
1.1 deraadt 626: utility arguments if it had preceding or following non-whitespace characters.
627: This version replaces it no matter where in the utility name or arguments
628: it appears.
1.30 aaron 629: .Sh HISTORY
630: A
631: .Nm
632: command appeared in
633: .At v1 .
1.50 jmc 634: .Sh CAVEATS
1.1 deraadt 635: The special characters used by
1.22 aaron 636: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 637: are also special characters to many shell programs.
1.22 aaron 638: In particular, the characters
639: .Ql * ,
640: .Ql [ ,
641: .Ql \&] ,
1.40 jmc 642: .Ql \&? ,
1.22 aaron 643: .Ql ( ,
644: .Ql \&) ,
1.40 jmc 645: .Ql \&! ,
1.22 aaron 646: .Ql \e ,
647: and
648: .Ql \&;
649: may have to be escaped from the shell.
1.1 deraadt 650: .Pp
651: As there is no delimiter separating options and file names or file
652: names and the
653: .Ar expression ,
1.22 aaron 654: it is difficult to specify files named
655: .Dq -xdev
656: or
1.40 jmc 657: .Dq \&! .
1.1 deraadt 658: These problems are handled by the
659: .Fl f
660: option and the
661: .Xr getopt 3
1.54 jmc 662: .Dq --
1.22 aaron 663: construct.
![[BACK]](/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to find.1 CVS log ![[TXT]](/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [local] / src / usr.bin / find