Annotation of src/usr.bin/find/find.1, Revision 1.75
1.75 ! schwarze 1: .\" $OpenBSD: find.1,v 1.74 2009/04/09 14:30:39 jmc Exp $
1.1 deraadt 2: .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
3: .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4: .\"
5: .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6: .\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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9: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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13: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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1.38 millert 16: .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
1.1 deraadt 17: .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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32: .\" from: @(#)find.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
33: .\"
1.75 ! schwarze 34: .Dd $Mdocdate: April 9 2009 $
1.1 deraadt 35: .Dt FIND 1
36: .Os
37: .Sh NAME
38: .Nm find
39: .Nd walk a file hierarchy
40: .Sh SYNOPSIS
41: .Nm find
1.48 millert 42: .Op Fl dHhLXx
1.43 jaredy 43: .Op Fl f Ar path
44: .Ar path ...\&
1.34 deraadt 45: .Op Ar expression
1.1 deraadt 46: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.22 aaron 47: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 48: recursively descends the directory tree for each
1.43 jaredy 49: .Ar path
1.1 deraadt 50: listed, evaluating an
51: .Ar expression
1.22 aaron 52: (composed of the
53: .Dq primaries
54: and
1.52 otto 55: .Dq operators
1.22 aaron 56: listed below) in terms
1.12 millert 57: of each file in the tree.
1.34 deraadt 58: In the absence of an expression,
59: .Ic -print
60: is assumed.
1.66 jmc 61: If an expression is given,
62: but none of the primaries
63: .Ic -exec ,
64: .Ic -ls ,
65: .Ic -ok ,
66: .Ic -print ,
67: or
68: .Ic -print0
1.67 jmc 69: are specified, the given expression is effectively replaced by
1.66 jmc 70: .Cm \&( Ar given expression Cm \&)
71: .Ic -print .
1.1 deraadt 72: .Pp
73: The options are as follows:
74: .Bl -tag -width Ds
75: .It Fl d
1.16 aaron 76: Causes
1.22 aaron 77: .Nm
1.45 jmc 78: to visit directories in post-order
79: i.e. all entries in a directory will be acted on before the directory itself.
1.1 deraadt 80: By default,
1.22 aaron 81: .Nm
1.45 jmc 82: visits directories in pre-order i.e. before their contents.
1.43 jaredy 83: .It Fl f Ar path
1.16 aaron 84: Specifies a file hierarchy for
1.22 aaron 85: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 86: to traverse.
1.52 otto 87: File hierarchies may be specified without the
88: .Fl f
89: option if they are given immediately after any other options.
1.35 millert 90: .It Fl H
91: Causes the file information and file type (see
92: .Xr stat 2 )
93: returned for each symbolic link encountered on the command line to be
94: those of the file referenced by the link, not the link itself.
95: If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
96: be for the link itself.
97: File information of all symbolic links not on
98: the command line is that of the link itself.
1.75 ! schwarze 99: This option overrides
! 100: .Fl L
! 101: given earlier on the command line.
1.1 deraadt 102: .It Fl h
1.35 millert 103: An alias for the
104: .Fl L
105: option.
1.37 david 106: This option exists for backwards compatibility.
1.35 millert 107: .It Fl L
1.16 aaron 108: Causes the file information and file type (see
1.22 aaron 109: .Xr stat 2 )
1.1 deraadt 110: returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the
111: link, not the link itself.
112: If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
113: be for the link itself.
1.75 ! schwarze 114: This option overrides
! 115: .Fl H
! 116: given earlier on the command line.
1.1 deraadt 117: .It Fl X
1.16 aaron 118: Permit
1.1 deraadt 119: .Nm
120: to be safely used in conjunction with
121: .Xr xargs 1 .
122: If a file name contains any of the delimiting characters used by
123: .Xr xargs ,
124: a diagnostic message is displayed on standard error, and the file
125: is skipped.
1.22 aaron 126: The delimiting characters include single
127: .Pq Ql '
128: and double
129: .Pq Ql \&"
130: quotes, backslash
131: .Pq Ql \e ,
132: space, tab, and newline
133: .Pq Sq \en
134: characters.
1.41 millert 135: Alternatively, the
1.4 deraadt 136: .Fl print0
1.41 millert 137: primary may be used in conjunction with the
1.4 deraadt 138: .Fl 0
1.41 millert 139: option to
140: .Xr xargs 1 ,
141: allowing all file names to be processed safely.
1.1 deraadt 142: .It Fl x
1.16 aaron 143: Prevents
1.22 aaron 144: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 145: from descending into directories that have a device number different
146: than that of the file from which the descent began.
147: .El
148: .Sh PRIMARIES
149: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.22 aaron 150: .It Ic -amin Ar n
1.15 deraadt 151: True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
1.22 aaron 152: .Nm
1.20 aaron 153: was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
1.15 deraadt 154: .Ar n
1.20 aaron 155: minutes.
1.24 millert 156: .It Ic -anewer Ar file
157: True if the current file has a more recent last access time than
1.25 aaron 158: .Ar file .
1.22 aaron 159: .It Ic -atime Ar n
1.1 deraadt 160: True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
1.22 aaron 161: .Nm
162: was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
1.1 deraadt 163: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 164: 24-hour periods.
165: .It Ic -cmin Ar n
1.15 deraadt 166: True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
167: information and the time
1.22 aaron 168: .Nm
1.20 aaron 169: was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
1.15 deraadt 170: .Ar n
1.20 aaron 171: minutes.
1.24 millert 172: .It Ic -cnewer Ar file
173: True if the current file has a more recent last change time than
1.25 aaron 174: .Ar file .
1.22 aaron 175: .It Ic -ctime Ar n
1.1 deraadt 176: True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
177: information and the time
1.22 aaron 178: .Nm
179: was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
1.1 deraadt 180: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 181: 24-hour periods.
1.56 jmc 182: .It Ic -depth
1.61 jmc 183: This primary always evaluates to true.
1.56 jmc 184: The same as specifying the
185: .Fl d
186: option.
1.8 tholo 187: .It Ic -empty
188: True if the current file or directory is empty.
1.59 jmc 189: .It Xo
190: .Ic -exec Ar utility
191: .Op argument ...
192: .No ;
193: .Xc
1.1 deraadt 194: True if the program named
195: .Ar utility
196: returns a zero value as its exit status.
197: Optional arguments may be passed to the utility.
1.22 aaron 198: The expression must be terminated by a semicolon
199: .Pq Ql \&; .
200: If the string
201: .Qq {}
202: appears anywhere in the utility name or the
1.1 deraadt 203: arguments it is replaced by the pathname of the current file.
1.16 aaron 204: .Ar utility
1.1 deraadt 205: will be executed from the directory from which
1.22 aaron 206: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 207: was executed.
1.63 otto 208: .Pp
209: Since
210: .Ar utility
211: is executed every time a match is made,
212: it is often more efficient to pipe the output of
213: .Nm
214: to
215: .Xr xargs 1 .
1.59 jmc 216: .It Xo
217: .Ic -execdir Ar utility
218: .Op argument ...
219: .No ;
220: .Xc
1.22 aaron 221: Identical to the
1.10 millert 222: .Ic -exec
223: primary with the exception that
1.16 aaron 224: .Ar utility
1.10 millert 225: will be executed from the directory that holds
1.25 aaron 226: the current file.
227: The filename substituted for the string
1.22 aaron 228: .Qq {}
229: is not qualified.
1.28 millert 230: .It Xo
231: .Ic -flags
1.65 jmc 232: .Oo - Oc Ns Ar flags
1.28 millert 233: .Xc
234: The
235: .Ar flags
236: are comma-separated symbolic file flags (see
237: .Xr chflags 1
238: for a list of valid flag names).
239: If the flags are preceded by a dash
1.54 jmc 240: .Pq Sq - ,
1.49 otto 241: this primary evaluates to true if at least all specified
242: .Ar flags
243: are set in the file's flags.
1.28 millert 244: If the flags are not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to true if the
245: flags specified exactly match those of the file.
1.2 deraadt 246: .It Ic -follow
1.61 jmc 247: This primary always evaluates to true.
1.56 jmc 248: The same as specifying the
249: .Fl H
250: option.
1.22 aaron 251: .It Ic -fstype Ar type
1.1 deraadt 252: True if the file is contained in a file system of type
253: .Ar type .
1.22 aaron 254: Two special file system types are recognized:
255: .Dq local
256: and
257: .Dq rdonly .
1.1 deraadt 258: These do not describe actual file system types;
259: the former matches any file system physically mounted on the system where
1.22 aaron 260: .Nm
261: is being executed whereas the latter matches any file system which is
1.1 deraadt 262: mounted read-only.
1.22 aaron 263: .It Ic -group Ar gname
1.1 deraadt 264: True if the file belongs to the group
1.25 aaron 265: .Ar gname .
1.1 deraadt 266: If
267: .Ar gname
268: is numeric and there is no such group name, then
269: .Ar gname
1.16 aaron 270: is treated as a group ID.
1.27 deraadt 271: .It Ic -iname Ar pattern
272: True if the last component of the pathname being examined
273: matches
274: .Ar pattern .
275: Case insensitive.
1.22 aaron 276: .It Ic -inum Ar n
1.1 deraadt 277: True if the file has inode number
1.25 aaron 278: .Ar n .
1.22 aaron 279: .It Ic -links Ar n
1.1 deraadt 280: True if the file has
281: .Ar n
282: links.
283: .It Ic -ls
284: This primary always evaluates to true.
285: The following information for the current file is written to standard output:
1.22 aaron 286: its inode number, size in 512-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard
1.1 deraadt 287: links, owner, group, size in bytes, last modification time, and pathname.
288: If the file is a block or character special file, the major and minor numbers
289: will be displayed instead of the size in bytes.
1.22 aaron 290: If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file will be
291: displayed preceded by
1.54 jmc 292: .Dq -\*(Gt .
1.22 aaron 293: The format is identical to that produced by
1.71 jmc 294: .Dq ls -dils .
1.6 tholo 295: .It Ic -maxdepth Ar n
1.7 tholo 296: True if the current search depth is less than or equal to what is specified in
297: .Ar n .
298: .It Ic -mindepth Ar n
299: True if the current search depth is at least what is specified in
1.6 tholo 300: .Ar n .
1.22 aaron 301: .It Ic -mmin Ar n
1.15 deraadt 302: True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
1.22 aaron 303: .Nm
1.20 aaron 304: was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
1.15 deraadt 305: .Ar n
1.20 aaron 306: minutes.
1.22 aaron 307: .It Ic -mtime Ar n
1.1 deraadt 308: True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
1.22 aaron 309: .Nm
310: was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
1.1 deraadt 311: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 312: 24-hour periods.
313: .It Ic -name Ar pattern
1.1 deraadt 314: True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches
1.25 aaron 315: .Ar pattern .
1.22 aaron 316: Special shell pattern matching characters
317: .Pf ( Ql [ ,
318: .Ql \&] ,
319: .Ql * ,
320: and
1.40 jmc 321: .Ql \&? )
1.1 deraadt 322: may be used as part of
1.25 aaron 323: .Ar pattern .
1.1 deraadt 324: These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
1.22 aaron 325: backslash
326: .Pq Ql \e .
327: .It Ic -newer Ar file
1.1 deraadt 328: True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than
1.25 aaron 329: .Ar file .
1.44 jmc 330: .It Ic -nogroup
331: True if the file belongs to an unknown group.
1.1 deraadt 332: .It Ic -nouser
333: True if the file belongs to an unknown user.
1.60 jmc 334: .It Xo
335: .Ic -ok Ar utility
336: .Op argument ...
337: .No ;
338: .Xc
1.22 aaron 339: Identical to the
340: .Ic -exec
341: primary with the exception that
342: .Nm
343: requests user affirmation for the execution of
344: .Ar utility
345: by printing
346: a message to the terminal and reading a response.
347: If the response is other than
348: .Sq y
349: the command is not executed and the
350: value of the
1.54 jmc 351: .Ic ok
1.22 aaron 352: expression is false.
353: .It Ic -path Ar pattern
1.1 deraadt 354: True if the pathname being examined matches
1.25 aaron 355: .Ar pattern .
1.22 aaron 356: Special shell pattern matching characters
357: .Pf ( Ql [ ,
358: .Ql \&] ,
359: .Ql * ,
360: and
1.40 jmc 361: .Ql \&? )
1.1 deraadt 362: may be used as part of
1.25 aaron 363: .Ar pattern .
1.1 deraadt 364: These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
1.22 aaron 365: backslash
366: .Pq Ql \e .
367: Slashes
368: .Pq Ql /
369: are treated as normal characters and do not have to be
1.1 deraadt 370: matched explicitly.
1.21 aaron 371: .It Xo
372: .Ic -perm
1.65 jmc 373: .Oo - Oc Ns Ar mode
1.21 aaron 374: .Xc
1.1 deraadt 375: The
376: .Ar mode
377: may be either symbolic (see
1.25 aaron 378: .Xr chmod 1 )
1.1 deraadt 379: or an octal number.
380: If the mode is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the
1.16 aaron 381: mode sets or clears permissions without regard to the process's file mode
1.1 deraadt 382: creation mask.
383: If the mode is octal, only bits 07777
1.64 jmc 384: .Po
1.70 kili 385: .Dv S_ISUID \*(Ba S_ISGID \*(Ba S_ISTXT \*(Ba
1.64 jmc 386: .Dv S_IRWXU \*(Ba S_IRWXG \*(Ba S_IRWXO
387: .Pc
1.1 deraadt 388: of the file's mode bits participate
389: in the comparison.
1.22 aaron 390: If the mode is preceded by a dash
1.54 jmc 391: .Pq Sq - ,
1.22 aaron 392: this primary evaluates to true
1.1 deraadt 393: if at least all of the bits in the mode are set in the file's mode bits.
1.22 aaron 394: If the mode is not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to
1.16 aaron 395: true if the bits in the mode exactly match the file's mode bits.
1.22 aaron 396: Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash.
1.1 deraadt 397: .It Ic -print
398: This primary always evaluates to true.
399: It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed
1.22 aaron 400: by a newline
401: .Pq Ql \en
402: character.
1.1 deraadt 403: .It Ic -print0
404: This primary always evaluates to true.
405: It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed
406: by a null character.
407: .It Ic -prune
408: This primary always evaluates to true.
409: It causes
1.22 aaron 410: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 411: to not descend into the current file.
412: Note, the
413: .Ic -prune
414: primary has no effect if the
415: .Fl d
416: option was specified.
1.22 aaron 417: .It Ic -size Ar n Ns Op Cm c
418: True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512-byte blocks is
1.25 aaron 419: .Ar n .
1.1 deraadt 420: If
421: .Ar n
1.22 aaron 422: is followed by a
423: .Sq c ,
424: then the primary is true if the
1.1 deraadt 425: file's size is
426: .Ar n
427: bytes.
1.22 aaron 428: .It Ic -type Ar t
1.1 deraadt 429: True if the file is of the specified type.
430: Possible file types are as follows:
431: .Pp
432: .Bl -tag -width flag -offset indent -compact
433: .It Cm b
434: block special
435: .It Cm c
436: character special
437: .It Cm d
438: directory
439: .It Cm f
440: regular file
441: .It Cm l
442: symbolic link
443: .It Cm p
444: FIFO
445: .It Cm s
446: socket
447: .El
448: .Pp
1.22 aaron 449: .It Ic -user Ar uname
1.1 deraadt 450: True if the file belongs to the user
1.25 aaron 451: .Ar uname .
1.1 deraadt 452: If
453: .Ar uname
454: is numeric and there is no such user name, then
455: .Ar uname
1.16 aaron 456: is treated as a user ID.
1.56 jmc 457: .It Ic -xdev
1.61 jmc 458: This primary always evaluates to true.
1.56 jmc 459: The same as specifying the
460: .Fl x
461: option.
1.1 deraadt 462: .El
463: .Pp
464: All primaries which take a numeric argument allow the number to be
1.22 aaron 465: preceded by a plus sign
466: .Pq Ql +
467: or a minus sign
1.54 jmc 468: .Pq Ql - .
1.22 aaron 469: A preceding plus sign means
470: .Dq more than n ,
471: a preceding minus sign means
472: .Dq less than n ,
473: and neither means
474: .Dq exactly n .
1.74 jmc 475: Exceptions are the primaries
476: .Ic mindepth
477: and
478: .Ic maxdepth .
1.1 deraadt 479: .Sh OPERATORS
480: The primaries may be combined using the following operators.
481: The operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
1.47 jmc 482: .Pp
483: .Bl -tag -width "(expression)" -compact
1.51 jmc 484: .It Cm \&( Ar expression Cm \&)
1.1 deraadt 485: This evaluates to true if the parenthesized expression evaluates to
486: true.
487: .Pp
1.51 jmc 488: .It Cm \&! Ar expression
1.1 deraadt 489: This is the unary
490: .Tn NOT
491: operator.
492: It evaluates to true if the expression is false.
493: .Pp
1.22 aaron 494: .It Ar expression Cm -and Ar expression
495: .It Ar expression expression
1.1 deraadt 496: The
497: .Cm -and
498: operator is the logical
499: .Tn AND
500: operator.
501: As it is implied by the juxtaposition of two expressions it does not
502: have to be specified.
503: The expression evaluates to true if both expressions are true.
504: The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is false.
505: .Pp
1.22 aaron 506: .It Ar expression Cm -or Ar expression
1.1 deraadt 507: The
508: .Cm -or
509: operator is the logical
510: .Tn OR
511: operator.
512: The expression evaluates to true if either the first or the second expression
513: is true.
514: The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is true.
515: .El
516: .Pp
1.53 otto 517: Operators, primaries, and arguments to primaries must be separate
518: arguments to
519: .Nm find ,
520: i.e. they should be separated by whitespace.
1.1 deraadt 521: .Sh EXAMPLES
1.62 jmc 522: Print out a list of all the files whose names end in
1.43 jaredy 523: .Dq \&.c :
524: .Pp
1.62 jmc 525: .Dl "$ find / -name '*.c'"
1.43 jaredy 526: .Pp
1.22 aaron 527: Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than
528: .Dq ttt
529: and owned by
1.43 jaredy 530: .Dq wnj :
531: .Pp
1.62 jmc 532: .Dl "$ find / \e! \e( -newer ttt -user wnj \e)"
1.43 jaredy 533: .Pp
534: Print out a list of all core files on local file systems:
535: .Pp
1.62 jmc 536: .Dl "$ find / \e! -fstype local -prune -or -name '*.core'"
1.46 jmc 537: .Pp
538: Find all files in
539: .Pa /usr/src
540: ending in a dot and single digit, but skip directory
541: .Pa /usr/src/gnu :
542: .Pp
1.62 jmc 543: .Dl "$ find /usr/src -path /usr/src/gnu -prune -or -name \e*.[0-9]"
544: .Pp
545: Find and remove all *.jpg files in the current working directory:
546: .Pp
547: .Dl "$ find . -name \e*.jpg -exec rm {} \e;"
1.63 otto 548: or
549: .Dl "$ find . -name \e*.jpg | xargs rm"
1.1 deraadt 550: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.29 millert 551: .Xr chflags 1 ,
1.1 deraadt 552: .Xr chmod 1 ,
553: .Xr locate 1 ,
1.23 aaron 554: .Xr whereis 1 ,
555: .Xr which 1 ,
1.41 millert 556: .Xr xargs 1 ,
1.1 deraadt 557: .Xr stat 2 ,
558: .Xr fts 3 ,
1.16 aaron 559: .Xr getgrent 3 ,
1.1 deraadt 560: .Xr getpwent 3 ,
561: .Xr strmode 3 ,
562: .Xr symlink 7
563: .Sh STANDARDS
564: The
1.22 aaron 565: .Nm
1.68 jmc 566: utility is compliant with the
1.72 jmc 567: .St -p1003.1-2008
1.68 jmc 568: specification.
1.1 deraadt 569: .Pp
1.55 jmc 570: The options
571: .Op Fl dfhXx
572: and primaries
1.18 deraadt 573: .Ic -amin ,
1.55 jmc 574: .Ic -anewer ,
1.18 deraadt 575: .Ic -cmin ,
1.55 jmc 576: .Ic -cnewer ,
1.9 tholo 577: .Ic -empty ,
1.55 jmc 578: .Ic -execdir ,
579: .Ic -flags ,
1.1 deraadt 580: .Ic -follow ,
581: .Ic -fstype ,
1.27 deraadt 582: .Ic -iname ,
1.2 deraadt 583: .Ic -inum ,
1.9 tholo 584: .Ic -ls ,
585: .Ic -maxdepth ,
1.13 deraadt 586: .Ic -mindepth ,
1.55 jmc 587: .Ic -mmin ,
1.1 deraadt 588: and
589: .Ic -print0
1.68 jmc 590: are extensions to that specification.
1.27 deraadt 591: The
592: .Ic -iname
1.57 otto 593: primary was inspired by GNU find.
1.1 deraadt 594: .Pp
595: Historically, the
596: .Fl d ,
1.26 aaron 597: .Fl H ,
1.1 deraadt 598: and
599: .Fl x
1.14 deraadt 600: options were implemented using the primaries
601: .Ic -depth ,
602: .Ic -follow ,
603: and
604: .Ic -xdev .
1.1 deraadt 605: These primaries always evaluated to true.
606: As they were really global variables that took effect before the traversal
607: began, some legal expressions could have unexpected results.
1.22 aaron 608: An example is the expression
1.54 jmc 609: .Dq -print -o -depth .
1.22 aaron 610: As
1.54 jmc 611: .Cm -print
1.22 aaron 612: always evaluates to true, the standard order of evaluation
613: implies that
1.54 jmc 614: .Cm -depth
1.22 aaron 615: would never be evaluated.
1.1 deraadt 616: This is not the case.
617: .Pp
1.22 aaron 618: The operator
619: .Cm -or
620: was implemented as
1.54 jmc 621: .Cm -o ,
1.22 aaron 622: and the operator
623: .Cm -and
624: was implemented as
1.54 jmc 625: .Cm -a .
1.1 deraadt 626: .Pp
627: Historic implementations of the
628: .Ic -exec
629: and
630: .Ic -ok
1.22 aaron 631: primaries did not replace the string
632: .Qq {}
633: in the utility name or the
1.1 deraadt 634: utility arguments if it had preceding or following non-whitespace characters.
635: This version replaces it no matter where in the utility name or arguments
636: it appears.
1.30 aaron 637: .Sh HISTORY
638: A
639: .Nm
640: command appeared in
641: .At v1 .
1.50 jmc 642: .Sh CAVEATS
1.1 deraadt 643: The special characters used by
1.22 aaron 644: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 645: are also special characters to many shell programs.
1.22 aaron 646: In particular, the characters
647: .Ql * ,
648: .Ql [ ,
649: .Ql \&] ,
1.40 jmc 650: .Ql \&? ,
1.22 aaron 651: .Ql ( ,
652: .Ql \&) ,
1.40 jmc 653: .Ql \&! ,
1.22 aaron 654: .Ql \e ,
655: and
656: .Ql \&;
657: may have to be escaped from the shell.
1.1 deraadt 658: .Pp
659: As there is no delimiter separating options and file names or file
660: names and the
661: .Ar expression ,
1.22 aaron 662: it is difficult to specify files named
663: .Dq -xdev
664: or
1.65 jmc 665: .Sq \&! .
1.1 deraadt 666: These problems are handled by the
667: .Fl f
668: option and the
669: .Xr getopt 3
1.65 jmc 670: .Sq --
1.22 aaron 671: construct.
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