Annotation of src/usr.bin/less/less.1, Revision 1.1
1.1 ! millert 1: .\" $OpenBSD$
! 2: .\"
! 3: .\" Copyright (C) 2002 Mark Nudelman
! 4: .\"
! 5: .\" less is part of the GNU project and is free software.
! 6: .\" You can redistribute it and/or modify it
! 7: .\" under the terms of either
! 8: .\" (1) the GNU General Public License as published by
! 9: .\" the Free Software Foundation; or (2) the Less License.
! 10: .\" See the file README in the less distribution for more details
! 11: .\" regarding redistribution.
! 12: .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
! 13: .\" along with the source for less; see the file COPYING.
! 14: .\" If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place,
! 15: .\" Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
! 16: .\" You should also have received a copy of the Less License;
! 17: .\" see the file LICENSE.
! 18: .\"
! 19: .\" less is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
! 20: .\" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
! 21: .\" or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
! 22: .\" See the GNU General Public License for more details.
! 23: .\"
! 24: .\"
! 25: .Dd January 17, 2003
! 26: .Dt LESS 1
! 27: .Os
! 28: .Sh NAME
! 29: .Nm less , more
! 30: .Nd view files on a crt
! 31: .Sh SYNOPSIS
! 32: .Nm less No | Nm more
! 33: .Fl ?
! 34: .Nm less No | Nm more
! 35: .Fl -help
! 36: .Nm less No | Nm more
! 37: .Fl V
! 38: .Nm less No | Nm more
! 39: .Fl -version
! 40: .Nm less No | Nm more
! 41: .Bk -words
! 42: .Op Fl Oo Cm + Oc Ns Cm aBcCdeEfFgGiIJLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX~
! 43: .Op Fl b Ar space
! 44: .Op Fl h Ar lines
! 45: .Op Fl j Ar line
! 46: .Op Fl k Ar keyfile
! 47: .Op Fl o | O Ar logfile
! 48: .Op Fl p Ar pattern
! 49: .Op Fl P Ar prompt
! 50: .Op Fl t Ar tag
! 51: .Op Fl T Ar tagsfile
! 52: .Op Fl x Ar tab,...
! 53: .Op Fl y Ar lines
! 54: .Op Fl Oo Cm z Oc Ar \ \&lines
! 55: .Op Fl # Ar shift
! 56: .Xo Oo Cm \+ Ns Oo Ns Cm \+ Ns
! 57: .Oc Ar cmd
! 58: .Oc
! 59: .Xc
! 60: .Op Fl -
! 61: .Op Ar filename ...
! 62: .Ek
! 63: .Pp
! 64: .\" (See the
! 65: .\" .Sx OPTIONS
! 66: .\" section for alternate option syntax with long option names.)
! 67: .Sh DESCRIPTION
! 68: .Nm
! 69: is a program similar to the traditional
! 70: .Xr more 1 ,
! 71: but which allows backward movement in the file as well as forward movement.
! 72: Also,
! 73: .Nm
! 74: does not have to read the entire input file before starting,
! 75: so with large input files it starts up faster than text editors like
! 76: .Xr vi 1 .
! 77: .Nm
! 78: uses termcap (or terminfo on some systems),
! 79: so it can run on a variety of terminals.
! 80: There is even limited support for hardcopy terminals.
! 81: (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be printed at the top
! 82: of the screen are prefixed with a caret.)
! 83: .Pp
! 84: This version of
! 85: .Nm
! 86: also acts as
! 87: .Xr more 1
! 88: if it is called as
! 89: .Nm more .
! 90: In this mode, the differences are in the prompt and that
! 91: .Nm more
! 92: exits by default when it gets to the end of the file.
! 93: Commands are based on both traditional
! 94: .Nm more
! 95: and
! 96: .Xr vi 1 .
! 97: Commands may be preceded by a decimal number,
! 98: called N in the descriptions below.
! 99: The number is used by some commands, as indicated.
! 100: .Sh COMMANDS
! 101: In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X.
! 102: ESC stands for the ESCAPE key; for example ESC-v means the
! 103: two character sequence "ESCAPE", then "v".
! 104: .Bl -tag -width XXXX
! 105: .It Ic h | H
! 106: Help: display a summary of these commands.
! 107: If you forget all the other commands, remember this one.
! 108: .It Ic SPACE | ^V | f | ^F
! 109: Scroll forward N lines, default one window (see option -z below).
! 110: If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed.
! 111: Warning: some systems use ^V as a special literalization character.
! 112: .It Ic z
! 113: Like SPACE, but if N is specified, it becomes the new window size.
! 114: .It Ic ESC-SPACE
! 115: Like SPACE, but scrolls a full screensful, even if it reaches
! 116: end-of-file in the process.
! 117: .It Xo
! 118: .Ic RETURN No \&| Ic ^N No \&|
! 119: .Ic e No \&| Ic ^E No \&|
! 120: .Ic j No \&| Ic ^J
! 121: .Xc
! 122: Scroll forward N lines, default 1.
! 123: The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size.
! 124: .It Ic d | ^D
! 125: Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size.
! 126: If N is specified, it becomes the new default for subsequent d and u commands.
! 127: .It Ic b | ^B | ESC-v
! 128: Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z below).
! 129: If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed.
! 130: .It Ic w
! 131: Like ESC-v, but if N is specified, it becomes the new window size.
! 132: .It Xo
! 133: .Ic y No \&| Ic ^Y No \&|
! 134: .Ic ^P No \&| Ic k No \&|
! 135: .Ic ^K
! 136: .Xc
! 137: Scroll backward N lines, default 1.
! 138: The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size.
! 139: Warning: some systems use ^Y as a special job control character.
! 140: .It Ic u | ^U
! 141: Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size.
! 142: If N is specified, it becomes the new default for subsequent d and u commands.
! 143: .It Ic ESC-) | RIGHTARROW
! 144: Scroll horizontally right N characters, default half the screen width
! 145: (see the -# option).
! 146: If a number N is specified, it becomes the default for future
! 147: RIGHTARROW and LEFTARROW commands.
! 148: While the text is scrolled, it acts as though the -S option (chop lines)
! 149: were in effect.
! 150: .It Ic ESC-( | LEFTARROW
! 151: Scroll horizontally left N
! 152: characters, default half the screen width (see the -# option).
! 153: If a number N is specified, it becomes the default for future
! 154: RIGHTARROW and LEFTARROW commands.
! 155: .It Ic r | ^R | ^L
! 156: Repaint the screen.
! 157: .It Ic R
! 158: Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input.
! 159: Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed.
! 160: .It Ic F
! 161: Scroll forward, and keep trying to read when the end of file is reached.
! 162: Normally this command would be used when already at the end of the file.
! 163: It is a way to monitor the tail of a file which is growing
! 164: while it is being viewed.
! 165: (The behavior is similar to the "tail -f" command.)
! 166: .It Ic g | < | ESC-<
! 167: Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file).
! 168: (Warning: this may be slow if N is large.)
! 169: .It Ic G | > | ESC->
! 170: Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file.
! 171: (Warning: this may be slow if N is large,
! 172: or if N is not specified and standard input, rather than a file,
! 173: is being read.)
! 174: .It Ic p | %
! 175: Go to a position N percent into the file.
! 176: N should be between 0 and 100.
! 177: .It Ic {
! 178: If a left curly bracket appears in the top line displayed
! 179: on the screen, the { command will go to the matching right curly bracket.
! 180: The matching right curly bracket is positioned on the bottom
! 181: line of the screen.
! 182: If there is more than one left curly bracket on the top line, a number N
! 183: may be used to specify the N-th bracket on the line.
! 184: .It Ic }
! 185: If a right curly bracket appears in the bottom line displayed on the screen,
! 186: the } command will go to the matching left curly bracket.
! 187: The matching left curly bracket is positioned on the top
! 188: line of the screen.
! 189: If there is more than one right curly bracket on the top line,
! 190: a number N may be used to specify the N-th bracket on the line.
! 191: .It Ic \&(
! 192: Like {, but applies to parentheses rather than curly brackets.
! 193: .It Ic \&)
! 194: Like }, but applies to parentheses rather than curly brackets.
! 195: .It Ic \&[
! 196: Like {, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brackets.
! 197: .It Ic \&]
! 198: Like }, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brackets.
! 199: .It Ic ESC-^F
! 200: Followed by two characters, acts like {,
! 201: but uses the two characters as open and close brackets, respectively.
! 202: For example, "ESC ^F < >" could be used to
! 203: go forward to the > which matches the < in the top displayed line.
! 204: .It Ic ESC-^B
! 205: Followed by two characters, acts like },
! 206: but uses the two characters as open and close brackets, respectively.
! 207: For example, "ESC ^B < >" could be used to
! 208: go backward to the < which matches the > in the bottom displayed line.
! 209: .It Ic m
! 210: Followed by any lowercase letter, marks the current position with that letter.
! 211: .It Ic '
! 212: (Single quote.)
! 213: Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which
! 214: was previously marked with that letter.
! 215: Followed by another single quote, returns to the position at
! 216: which the last "large" movement command was executed.
! 217: Followed by a ^ or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the file respectively.
! 218: Marks are preserved when a new file is examined,
! 219: so the ' command can be used to switch between input files.
! 220: .It Ic ^X^X
! 221: Same as single quote.
! 222: .It Ic /pattern
! 223: Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern.
! 224: N defaults to 1.
! 225: The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by
! 226: .Xr ed 1 .
! 227: The search starts at the second line displayed
! 228: (but see the -a and -j options, which change this).
! 229: .Pp
! 230: Certain characters are special if entered at the beginning of the pattern;
! 231: they modify the type of search rather than become part of the pattern:
! 232: .Bl -tag -width Ds
! 233: .It Ic ^N | !
! 234: Search for lines which do NOT match the pattern.
! 235: .It Ic ^E | *
! 236: Search multiple files.
! 237: That is, if the search reaches the END of the current file
! 238: without finding a match,
! 239: the search continues in the next file in the command line list.
! 240: .It Ic ^F | @
! 241: Begin the search at the first line of the FIRST file
! 242: in the command line list,
! 243: regardless of what is currently displayed on the screen
! 244: or the settings of the -a or -j options.
! 245: .It Ic ^K
! 246: Highlight any text which matches the pattern on the current screen,
! 247: but don't move to the first match (KEEP current position).
! 248: .It Ic ^R
! 249: Don't interpret regular expression metacharacters;
! 250: that is, do a simple textual comparison.
! 251: .El
! 252: .It Ic ?pattern
! 253: Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern.
! 254: The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed.
! 255: .Pp
! 256: Certain characters are special, as in the / command:
! 257: .Bl -tag -width Ds
! 258: .It Ic ^N | !
! 259: Search for lines which do NOT match the pattern.
! 260: .It Ic ^E | *
! 261: Search multiple files.
! 262: That is, if the search reaches the beginning of the current file
! 263: without finding a match,
! 264: the search continues in the previous file in the command line list.
! 265: .It Ic ^F | @
! 266: Begin the search at the last line of the last file
! 267: in the command line list,
! 268: regardless of what is currently displayed on the screen
! 269: or the settings of the -a or -j options.
! 270: .It Ic ^K
! 271: As in forward searches.
! 272: .It Ic ^R
! 273: As in forward searches.
! 274: .El
! 275: .It Ic ESC-/pattern
! 276: Same as "/*".
! 277: .It Ic ESC-?pattern
! 278: Same as "?*".
! 279: .It Ic n
! 280: Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern.
! 281: If the previous search was modified by ^N, the search is made for the
! 282: N-th line NOT containing the pattern.
! 283: If the previous search was modified by ^E, the search continues
! 284: in the next (or previous) file if not satisfied in the current file.
! 285: If the previous search was modified by ^R, the search is done
! 286: without using regular expressions.
! 287: There is no effect if the previous search was modified by ^F or ^K.
! 288: .It Ic N
! 289: Repeat previous search, but in the reverse direction.
! 290: .It Ic ESC-n
! 291: Repeat previous search, but crossing file boundaries.
! 292: The effect is as if the previous search were modified by *.
! 293: .It Ic ESC-N
! 294: Repeat previous search, but in the reverse direction
! 295: and crossing file boundaries.
! 296: .It Ic ESC-u
! 297: Undo search highlighting.
! 298: Turn off highlighting of strings matching the current search pattern.
! 299: If highlighting is already off because of a previous ESC-u command,
! 300: turn highlighting back on.
! 301: Any search command will also turn highlighting back on.
! 302: (Highlighting can also be disabled by toggling the -G option;
! 303: in that case search commands do not turn highlighting back on.)
! 304: .It Ic :e Op Ar filename
! 305: Examine a new file.
! 306: If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the :n and :p commands
! 307: below) from the list of files in the command line is re-examined.
! 308: A percent sign (%) in the filename is replaced by the name of the
! 309: current file.
! 310: A pound sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously examined file.
! 311: However, two consecutive percent signs are simply
! 312: replaced with a single percent sign.
! 313: This allows you to enter a filename that contains a percent sign
! 314: in the name.
! 315: Similarly, two consecutive pound signs are replaced with a single pound sign.
! 316: The filename is inserted into the command line list of files
! 317: so that it can be seen by subsequent :n and :p commands.
! 318: If the filename consists of several files, they are all inserted into
! 319: the list of files and the first one is examined.
! 320: If the filename contains one or more spaces,
! 321: the entire filename should be enclosed in double quotes
! 322: (also see the -" option).
! 323: .It Ic ^X^V | E
! 324: Same as :e.
! 325: Warning: some systems use ^V as a special literalization character.
! 326: On such systems, you may not be able to use ^V.
! 327: .It Ic :n
! 328: Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line).
! 329: If a number N is specified, the N-th next file is examined.
! 330: .It Ic :p
! 331: Examine the previous file in the command line list.
! 332: If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined.
! 333: .It Ic :t
! 334: Go to the specified tag.
! 335: .It Ic :x
! 336: Examine the first file in the command line list.
! 337: If a number N is specified, the N-th file in the list is examined.
! 338: .It Ic :d
! 339: Remove the current file from the list of files.
! 340: .It Ic t
! 341: Go to the next tag, if there were more than one matches for the current tag.
! 342: See the \-t option for more details about tags.
! 343: .It Ic T
! 344: Go to the previous tag, if there were more than one matches for the current tag.
! 345: .It Ic = | ^G | :f
! 346: Prints some information about the file being viewed, including its name
! 347: and the line number and byte offset of the bottom line being displayed.
! 348: If possible, it also prints the length of the file,
! 349: the number of lines in the file
! 350: and the percent of the file above the last displayed line.
! 351: .It Ic \-
! 352: Followed by one of the command line option letters (see
! 353: .Sx OPTIONS
! 354: below),
! 355: this will change the setting of that option
! 356: and print a message describing the new setting.
! 357: If a ^P (CONTROL-P) is entered immediately after the dash,
! 358: the setting of the option is changed but no message is printed.
! 359: If the option letter has a numeric value (such as -b or -h),
! 360: or a string value (such as -P or -t),
! 361: a new value may be entered after the option letter.
! 362: If no new value is entered, a message describing
! 363: the current setting is printed and nothing is changed.
! 364: .It Ic \-\-
! 365: Like the \- command, but takes a long option name (see
! 366: .Sx OPTIONS
! 367: below)
! 368: rather than a single option letter.
! 369: You must press RETURN after typing the option name.
! 370: A ^P immediately after the second dash suppresses printing of a
! 371: message describing the new setting, as in the \- command.
! 372: .It Ic \-+
! 373: Followed by one of the command line option letters this will reset the
! 374: option to its default setting and print a message describing the new setting.
! 375: (The "\-+X" command does the same thing as "\-+X" on the command line.)
! 376: This does not work for string-valued options.
! 377: .It Ic \-\-+
! 378: Like the \-+ command, but takes a long option name
! 379: rather than a single option letter.
! 380: .It Ic \-!
! 381: Followed by one of the command line option letters, this will reset the
! 382: option to the "opposite" of its default setting and print a message
! 383: describing the new setting.
! 384: This does not work for numeric or string-valued options.
! 385: .It Ic \-\-!
! 386: Like the \-! command, but takes a long option name
! 387: rather than a single option letter.
! 388: .It Ic _
! 389: (Underscore.)
! 390: Followed by one of the command line option letters,
! 391: this will print a message describing the current setting of that option.
! 392: The setting of the option is not changed.
! 393: .It Ic __
! 394: (Double underscore.)
! 395: Like the _ (underscore) command, but takes a long option name
! 396: rather than a single option letter.
! 397: You must press RETURN after typing the option name.
! 398: .It Ic +cmd
! 399: Causes the specified cmd to be executed each time a new file is examined.
! 400: For example, +G causes
! 401: .Nm
! 402: to initially display each file starting at the end rather than the beginning.
! 403: .It Ic V
! 404: Prints the version number of
! 405: .Nm
! 406: being run.
! 407: .It Xo
! 408: .Ic q No \&| Ic Q No \&|
! 409: .Ic :q No \&| Ic :Q No \&|
! 410: .Ic ZZ
! 411: .Xc
! 412: Exits
! 413: .Nm less .
! 414: .El
! 415: .Pp
! 416: The following
! 417: four
! 418: commands may or may not be valid, depending on your particular installation.
! 419: .Bl -tag -width XXXX
! 420: .It Ic v
! 421: Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed.
! 422: The editor is taken from the environment variable
! 423: .Ev VISUAL ,
! 424: if defined,
! 425: or
! 426: .Ev EDITOR
! 427: if
! 428: .Ev VISUAL
! 429: is not defined,
! 430: or defaults to "vi" if neither
! 431: .Ev VISUAL
! 432: nor
! 433: .Ev EDITOR
! 434: is defined.
! 435: See also the discussion of LESSEDIT under the section on
! 436: .Sx PROMPTS
! 437: below.
! 438: .It Ic ! Ar shell-command
! 439: Invokes a shell to run the shell-command given.
! 440: A percent sign (%) in the command is replaced by the name of the current file.
! 441: A pound sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously examined file.
! 442: "!!" repeats the last shell command.
! 443: "!" with no shell command simply invokes a shell.
! 444: The shell is taken from the environment variable
! 445: .Ev SHELL ,
! 446: or defaults to "sh".
! 447: .\" On MS-DOS and OS/2 systems, the shell is the normal command processor.
! 448: .It Ic \&| <m> Ar shell-command
! 449: <m> represents any mark letter.
! 450: Pipes a section of the input file to the given shell command.
! 451: The section of the file to be piped is between the first line on
! 452: the current screen and the position marked by the letter.
! 453: <m> may also be ^ or $ to indicate beginning or end of file respectively.
! 454: If <m> is . or newline, the current screen is piped.
! 455: .It Ic s Ar filename
! 456: Save the input to a file.
! 457: This only works if the input is a pipe, not an ordinary file.
! 458: .El
! 459: .Sh OPTIONS
! 460: Command line options are described below.
! 461: Most options may be changed while
! 462: .Nm
! 463: is running, via the "\-" command.
! 464: .Pp
! 465: Most options may be given in one of two forms:
! 466: either a dash followed by a single letter, or two dashes followed by a
! 467: long option name.
! 468: A long option name may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is
! 469: unambiguous.
! 470: For example, --quit-at-eof may be abbreviated --quit, but not
! 471: --qui, since both --quit-at-eof and --quiet begin with --qui.
! 472: Some long option names are in uppercase, such as --QUIT-AT-EOF, as
! 473: distinct from --quit-at-eof.
! 474: Such option names need only have their first letter capitalized;
! 475: the remainder of the name may be in either case.
! 476: For example, --Quit-at-eof is equivalent to --QUIT-AT-EOF.
! 477: .Pp
! 478: Options are also taken from the environment variable
! 479: .Ev LESS
! 480: if the command is
! 481: .Nm less ,
! 482: or from the environment variable
! 483: .Ev MORE
! 484: if the command is
! 485: .Nm more .
! 486: For example, to avoid typing "less -options ..." each time
! 487: .Nm
! 488: is invoked, you might tell
! 489: .Xr csh 1 :
! 490: .Pp
! 491: .Dl setenv LESS "-options"
! 492: .Pp
! 493: or if you use
! 494: .Xr sh 1 :
! 495: .Pp
! 496: .Dl LESS="-options"; export LESS
! 497: .Pp
! 498: .\" On MS-DOS, you don't need the quotes, but you should replace any
! 499: .\" percent signs in the options string by double percent signs.
! 500: .\" .Pp
! 501: The environment variable is parsed before the command line,
! 502: so command line options override the
! 503: .Ev LESS
! 504: environment variable.
! 505: If an option appears in the
! 506: .Ev LESS
! 507: variable, it can be reset to its default value on the command line by
! 508: beginning the command line option with "\-+".
! 509: .Pp
! 510: For options like -P which take a following string,
! 511: a dollar sign ($) must be used to signal the end of the string.
! 512: For example, to separate a prompt value from any other options
! 513: with dollar sign between them:
! 514: .Pp
! 515: .Dl LESS="-Ps--More--$-C -e"
! 516: .Pp
! 517: .Bl -tag -width XXXX
! 518: .It Fl ? | -help
! 519: This option displays a summary of the commands accepted by
! 520: .Nm
! 521: (the same as the h command).
! 522: (Depending on how your shell interprets the question mark,
! 523: it may be necessary to quote the question mark, thus: "-\e?".)
! 524: .It Fl a | -search-skip-screen
! 525: Causes searches to start after the last line displayed on the screen,
! 526: thus skipping all lines displayed on the screen.
! 527: By default, searches start at the second line on the screen
! 528: (or after the last found line; see the -j option).
! 529: .It Xo
! 530: .Fl b Ns Ar n |
! 531: .Fl -buffers Ns No = Ns Ar n
! 532: .Xc
! 533: Specifies the amount of buffer space
! 534: .Nm
! 535: will use for each file, in units of kilobytes (1024 bytes).
! 536: By default 64K of buffer space is used for each file
! 537: (unless the file is a pipe; see the -B option).
! 538: The -b option specifies instead that n kilobytes of
! 539: buffer space should be used for each file.
! 540: If n is -1, buffer space is unlimited; that is,
! 541: the entire file is read into memory.
! 542: .It Fl B | -auto-buffers
! 543: By default, when data is read from a pipe,
! 544: buffers are allocated automatically as needed.
! 545: If a large amount of data is read from the pipe, this can cause
! 546: a large amount of memory to be allocated.
! 547: The -B option disables this automatic allocation of buffers for pipes,
! 548: so that only 64K (or the amount of space specified by the -b option)
! 549: is used for the pipe.
! 550: Warning: use of -B can result in erroneous display, since only the
! 551: most recently viewed part of the file is kept in memory;
! 552: any earlier data is lost.
! 553: .It Fl c | -clear-screen
! 554: Causes full screen repaints to be painted from the top line down.
! 555: By default,
! 556: full screen repaints are done by scrolling from the bottom of the screen.
! 557: .It Fl C | -CLEAR-SCREEN
! 558: The -C option is like -c, but the screen is cleared before it is repainted.
! 559: .It Fl d | -dumb No (less only)
! 560: The -d option suppresses the error message
! 561: normally displayed if the terminal is dumb;
! 562: that is, lacks some important capability,
! 563: such as the ability to clear the screen or scroll backward.
! 564: The -d option does not otherwise change the behavior of
! 565: .Nm
! 566: on a dumb terminal.
! 567: This option is on by default when invoked as
! 568: .Nm more .
! 569: .It Fl d No (more only)
! 570: The -d option causes the default prompt to include the
! 571: basic directions ``[Press space to continue, 'q' to quit.]''.
! 572: The -d option also causes the message ``[Press 'h' for instructions.]'' to be
! 573: displayed when an invalid command is entered (normally, the bell is rung).
! 574: This option is useful in environments where users may not be experienced
! 575: with pagers.
! 576: .\" .It Fl Dxcolor or --color=xcolor"
! 577: .\" [MS-DOS only]
! 578: .\" Sets the color of the text displayed.
! 579: .\" x is a single character which selects the type of text whose color is
! 580: .\" being set: n=normal, s=standout, d=bold, u=underlined, k=blink.
! 581: .\" color is a pair of numbers separated by a period.
! 582: .\" The first number selects the foreground color and the second selects
! 583: .\" the background color of the text.
! 584: .\" A single number N is the same as N.0.
! 585: .It Fl e | -quit-at-eof
! 586: Causes
! 587: .Nm
! 588: to automatically exit the second time it reaches end-of-file.
! 589: By default, the only way to exit
! 590: .Nm
! 591: is via the "q" command.
! 592: .It Fl E | -QUIT-AT-EOF
! 593: Causes
! 594: .Nm
! 595: to automatically exit the first time it reaches end-of-file.
! 596: .It Fl f | -force
! 597: Forces non-regular files to be opened.
! 598: (A non-regular file is a directory or a device special file.)
! 599: Also suppresses the warning message when a binary file is opened.
! 600: By default,
! 601: .Nm
! 602: will refuse to open non-regular files.
! 603: .It Fl F | -quit-if-one-screen
! 604: Causes
! 605: .Nm
! 606: to automatically exit if the entire file can be displayed on the first screen.
! 607: .It Fl g | -hilite-search
! 608: Normally,
! 609: .Nm
! 610: will highlight ALL strings which match the last search command.
! 611: The -g option changes this behavior to highlight only the particular string
! 612: which was found by the last search command.
! 613: This can cause
! 614: .Nm
! 615: to run somewhat faster than the default.
! 616: .It Fl G | -HILITE-SEARCH
! 617: The -G option suppresses all highlighting of strings found by search commands.
! 618: .It Xo
! 619: .Fl h Ns Ar n |
! 620: .Fl -max-back-scroll Ns No = Ns Ar n
! 621: .Xc
! 622: Specifies a maximum number of lines to scroll backward.
! 623: If it is necessary to scroll backward more than n lines,
! 624: the screen is repainted in a forward direction instead.
! 625: (If the terminal does not have the ability to scroll backward, -h0 is implied.)
! 626: .It Fl i | -ignore-case
! 627: Causes searches to ignore case; that is,
! 628: uppercase and lowercase are considered identical.
! 629: This option is ignored if any uppercase letters appear in the search pattern;
! 630: in other words,
! 631: if a pattern contains uppercase letters, then that search does not ignore case.
! 632: .It Fl I | -IGNORE-CASE
! 633: Like -i, but searches ignore case even if the pattern contains uppercase
! 634: letters.
! 635: .It Xo
! 636: .Fl j Ns Ar n |
! 637: .Fl -jump-target Ns No = Ns Ar n
! 638: .Xc
! 639: Specifies a line on the screen where the "target" line is to be positioned.
! 640: A target line is the object of a text search,
! 641: tag search, jump to a line number,
! 642: jump to a file percentage, or jump to a marked position.
! 643: The screen line is specified by a number: the top line on the screen
! 644: is 1, the next is 2, and so on.
! 645: The number may be negative to specify a line relative to the bottom
! 646: of the screen: the bottom line on the screen is -1, the second
! 647: to the bottom is -2, and so on.
! 648: If the -j option is used, searches begin at the line immediately
! 649: after the target line.
! 650: For example, if "-j4" is used, the target line is the
! 651: fourth line on the screen, so searches begin at the fifth line on the screen.
! 652: .It Fl J | -status-column
! 653: Displays a status column at the left edge of the screen.
! 654: The status column shows the lines that matched the current search.
! 655: The status column is also used if the -w or -W option is in effect.
! 656: .It Xo
! 657: .Fl k Ns Ar filename |
! 658: .Fl -lesskey-file Ns No = Ns Ar filename
! 659: .Xc
! 660: Causes
! 661: .Nm
! 662: to open and interpret the named file as a
! 663: .Xr lesskey 1
! 664: file.
! 665: Multiple -k options may be specified.
! 666: If the
! 667: .Ev LESSKEY
! 668: or
! 669: .Ev LESSKEY_SYSTEM
! 670: environment variable is set, or if a lesskey file is found in a standard place
! 671: (see
! 672: .Sx KEY BINDINGS ) ,
! 673: it is also used as a lesskey file.
! 674: .It Fl L | -no-lessopen
! 675: Ignore the
! 676: .Ev LESSOPEN
! 677: environment variable (see the
! 678: .Sx INPUT PREPROCESSOR
! 679: section below).
! 680: This option can be set from within
! 681: .Nm less ,
! 682: but it will apply only to files opened subsequently, not to the
! 683: file which is currently open.
! 684: When invoked as
! 685: .Nm more ,
! 686: the
! 687: .Ev LESSOPEN
! 688: environment variable is ignored by default.
! 689: .It Fl m | -long-prompt
! 690: Causes
! 691: .Nm
! 692: to prompt verbosely (like more), with the percent into the file.
! 693: By default,
! 694: .Nm
! 695: prompts with a colon.
! 696: .It Fl M | -LONG-PROMPT
! 697: Causes
! 698: .Nm
! 699: to prompt even more verbosely than
! 700: .Nm more .
! 701: .It Fl n | -line-numbers
! 702: Suppresses line numbers.
! 703: The default (to use line numbers) may cause
! 704: .Nm
! 705: to run more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large input file.
! 706: Suppressing line numbers with the -n option will avoid this problem.
! 707: Using line numbers means: the line number will be displayed in the verbose
! 708: prompt and in the = command, and the v command will pass the current line
! 709: number to the editor (see also the discussion of LESSEDIT in
! 710: .Sx PROMPTS
! 711: below).
! 712: .It Fl N | -LINE-NUMBERS
! 713: Causes a line number to be displayed at the beginning of each line in the
! 714: display.
! 715: .It Xo
! 716: .Fl o Ns Ar filename |
! 717: .Fl -log-file Ns No = Ns Ar filename
! 718: .Xc
! 719: Causes
! 720: .Nm
! 721: to copy its input to the named file as it is being viewed.
! 722: This applies only when the input file is a pipe, not an ordinary file.
! 723: If the file already exists,
! 724: .Nm
! 725: will ask for confirmation before overwriting it.
! 726: .It Xo
! 727: .Fl O Ns Ar filename |
! 728: .Fl -LOG-FILE Ns No = Ns Ar filename
! 729: .Xc
! 730: The -O option is like -o, but it will overwrite an existing
! 731: file without asking for confirmation.
! 732: .Pp
! 733: If no log file has been specified,
! 734: the -o and -O options can be used from within
! 735: .Nm
! 736: to specify a log file.
! 737: Without a file name, they will simply report the name of the log file.
! 738: The "s" command is equivalent to specifying -o from within
! 739: .Nm less .
! 740: .It Xo
! 741: .Fl p Ns Ar pattern |
! 742: .Fl -pattern Ns No = Ns Ar pattern
! 743: .Xc
! 744: The -p option on the command line is equivalent to specifying +/pattern;
! 745: that is, it tells
! 746: .Nm
! 747: to start at the first occurrence of pattern in the file.
! 748: .It Xo
! 749: .Fl P Ns Ar prompt |
! 750: .Fl -prompt Ns No = Ns Ar prompt
! 751: .Xc
! 752: Provides a way to tailor the three prompt styles to your own preference.
! 753: This option would normally be put in the
! 754: .Ev LESS
! 755: environment variable, rather than being typed in with each
! 756: .Nm
! 757: command.
! 758: Such an option must either be the last option in the
! 759: .Ev LESS
! 760: variable, or be terminated by a dollar sign.
! 761: -Ps followed by a string changes the default (short) prompt to that string.
! 762: -Pm changes the medium (-m) prompt.
! 763: -PM changes the long (-M) prompt.
! 764: -Ph changes the prompt for the help screen.
! 765: -P= changes the message printed by the = command.
! 766: -Pw changes the message printed while waiting for data (in the F command).
! 767: All prompt strings consist of a sequence of letters and special escape
! 768: sequences.
! 769: See the section on
! 770: .Sx PROMPTS
! 771: for more details.
! 772: .It Fl q | -quiet | -silent
! 773: Causes moderately "quiet" operation:
! 774: the terminal bell is not rung if an attempt is made to scroll past the end
! 775: of the file or before the beginning of the file.
! 776: If the terminal has a "visual bell", it is used instead.
! 777: The bell will be rung on certain other errors,
! 778: such as typing an invalid character.
! 779: The default is to ring the terminal bell in all such cases.
! 780: .It Fl Q | -QUIET | -SILENT
! 781: Causes totally "quiet" operation: the terminal bell is never rung.
! 782: .It Fl r | -raw-control-chars
! 783: Causes "raw" control characters to be displayed.
! 784: The default is to display control characters using the caret notation;
! 785: for example, a control-A (octal 001) is displayed as "^A".
! 786: Warning: when the -r option is used,
! 787: .Nm
! 788: cannot keep track of the actual appearance of the screen
! 789: (since this depends on how the screen responds to
! 790: each type of control character).
! 791: Thus, various display problems may result,
! 792: such as long lines being split in the wrong place.
! 793: .It Fl R | -RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
! 794: Like -r, but tries to keep track of the screen appearance where possible.
! 795: This works only if the input consists of normal text and possibly some
! 796: ANSI "color" escape sequences, which are sequences of the form:
! 797: .Pp
! 798: ESC [ ... m
! 799: .Pp
! 800: where the "..." is zero or more characters other than "m".
! 801: For the purpose of keeping track of screen appearance,
! 802: all control characters and all ANSI color escape sequences are
! 803: assumed to not move the cursor.
! 804: You can make
! 805: .Nm
! 806: think that characters other than "m" can end ANSI color escape sequences
! 807: by setting the environment variable
! 808: .Ev LESSANSIENDCHARS
! 809: to the list of characters which can end a color escape sequence.
! 810: .It Fl s | -squeeze-blank-lines
! 811: Causes consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line.
! 812: This is useful when viewing
! 813: .Xr nroff 1
! 814: output.
! 815: .It Fl S | -chop-long-lines
! 816: Causes lines longer than the screen width to be chopped rather than folded.
! 817: That is, the portion of a long line that does not fit in
! 818: the screen width is not shown.
! 819: The default is to fold long lines; that is, display the remainder
! 820: on the next line.
! 821: .It Xo
! 822: .Fl t Ns Ar tag |
! 823: .Fl -tag Ns No = Ns Ar tag
! 824: .Xc
! 825: The -t option, followed immediately by a TAG,
! 826: will edit the file containing that tag.
! 827: For this to work, tag information must be available;
! 828: for example, there may be a file in the current directory called "tags",
! 829: which was previously built by
! 830: .Xr ctags 1
! 831: or an equivalent command.
! 832: If the environment variable
! 833: .Ev LESSGLOBALTAGS
! 834: is set, it is taken to be the name of a command compatible with
! 835: .Xr global ,
! 836: and that command is executed to find the tag.
! 837: (See http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html).
! 838: The -t option may also be specified from within
! 839: .Nm
! 840: (using the \- command) as a way of examining a new file.
! 841: The command ":t" is equivalent to specifying -t from within
! 842: .Nm less .
! 843: .It Xo
! 844: .Fl T Ns Ar tagsfile |
! 845: .Fl -tag-file Ns No = Ns Ar tagsfile
! 846: .Xc
! 847: Specifies a tags file to be used instead of "tags".
! 848: .It Fl u | -underline-special
! 849: Causes backspaces and carriage returns to be treated as printable characters;
! 850: that is, they are sent to the terminal when they appear in the input.
! 851: .It Fl U | -UNDERLINE-SPECIAL
! 852: Causes backspaces, tabs and carriage returns to be
! 853: treated as control characters;
! 854: that is, they are handled as specified by the -r option.
! 855: .Pp
! 856: By default, if neither -u nor -U is given, backspaces which appear adjacent
! 857: to an underscore character are treated specially:
! 858: the underlined text is displayed
! 859: using the terminal's hardware underlining capability.
! 860: Also, backspaces which appear between two identical characters
! 861: are treated specially:
! 862: the overstruck text is printed
! 863: using the terminal's hardware boldface capability.
! 864: Other backspaces are deleted, along with the preceding character.
! 865: Carriage returns immediately followed by a newline are deleted.
! 866: Other carriage returns are handled as specified by the -r option.
! 867: Text which is overstruck or underlined can be searched for
! 868: if neither -u nor -U is in effect.
! 869: .It Fl V | -version
! 870: Displays the version number of
! 871: .Nm less .
! 872: .It Fl w | -hilite-unread
! 873: Temporarily highlights the first "new" line after a forward movement
! 874: of a full page.
! 875: The first "new" line is the line immediately following the line previously
! 876: at the bottom of the screen.
! 877: Also highlights the target line after a g or p command.
! 878: The highlight is removed at the next command which causes movement.
! 879: The entire line is highlighted, unless the -J option is in effect,
! 880: in which case only the status column is highlighted.
! 881: .It Fl W | -HILITE-UNREAD
! 882: Like -w, but temporarily highlights the first new line after any
! 883: forward movement command larger than one line.
! 884: .It Xo
! 885: .Fl x Ns Ar n,... |
! 886: .Fl -tabs Ns No = Ns Ar n,...
! 887: .Xc
! 888: Sets tab stops.
! 889: If only one n is specified, tab stops are set at multiples of n.
! 890: If multiple values separated by commas are specified, tab stops are set at
! 891: those positions, and then continue with the same spacing as the last two.
! 892: For example, -x9,17 will set tabs at positions 9, 17, 25, 33, etc.
! 893: The default for n is 8.
! 894: .It Fl X | -no-init
! 895: Disables sending the termcap initialization and deinitialization strings
! 896: to the terminal.
! 897: This is sometimes desirable if the deinitialization string does
! 898: something unnecessary, like clearing the screen.
! 899: .It Fl -no-keypad
! 900: Disables sending the keypad initialization and deinitialization strings
! 901: to the terminal.
! 902: This is sometimes useful if the keypad strings make the numeric
! 903: keypad behave in an undesirable manner.
! 904: .It Xo
! 905: .Fl y Ns Ar n |
! 906: .Fl -max-forw-scroll Ns No = Ns Ar n
! 907: .Xc
! 908: Specifies a maximum number of lines to scroll forward.
! 909: If it is necessary to scroll forward more than n lines,
! 910: the screen is repainted instead.
! 911: The -c or -C option may be used to repaint from the top of
! 912: the screen if desired.
! 913: By default, any forward movement causes scrolling.
! 914: .It Xo
! 915: .Fl Oo Cm z Oc Ns Ar n |
! 916: .Fl -window Ns No = Ns Ar n
! 917: .Xc
! 918: Changes the default scrolling window size to n lines.
! 919: The default is one screenful.
! 920: The z and w commands can also be used to change the window size.
! 921: The "z" may be omitted for compatibility with
! 922: .Nm more .
! 923: If the number
! 924: .Ar n
! 925: is negative, it indicates
! 926: .Ar n
! 927: lines less than the current screen size.
! 928: For example, if the screen is 24 lines, -z-4 sets the
! 929: scrolling window to 20 lines.
! 930: If the screen is resized to 40 lines,
! 931: the scrolling window automatically changes to 36 lines.
! 932: .It Xo
! 933: .Ar -cc |
! 934: .Fl -quotes Ns No = Ns Ar cc
! 935: .Xc
! 936: Changes the filename quoting character.
! 937: This may be necessary if you are trying to name a file
! 938: which contains both spaces and quote characters.
! 939: Followed by a single character, this changes the quote character to that
! 940: character.
! 941: Filenames containing a space should then be surrounded by that character
! 942: rather than by double quotes.
! 943: Followed by two characters, changes the open quote to the first character,
! 944: and the close quote to the second character.
! 945: Filenames containing a space should then be preceded by the open quote
! 946: character and followed by the close quote character.
! 947: Note that even after the quote characters are changed, this option
! 948: remains -" (a dash followed by a double quote).
! 949: .It Fl ~ | -tilde
! 950: Normally lines after end of file are displayed as a single tilde (~).
! 951: This option causes lines after end of file to be displayed as blank lines.
! 952: .It Fl # | -shift
! 953: Specifies the default number of positions to scroll horizontally
! 954: in the RIGHTARROW and LEFTARROW commands.
! 955: If the number specified is zero, it sets the default number of
! 956: positions to one half of the screen width.
! 957: .It Fl -
! 958: A command line argument of "--" marks the end of option arguments.
! 959: Any arguments following this are interpreted as filenames.
! 960: This can be useful when viewing a file whose name begins with a "-" or "+".
! 961: .It Cm +
! 962: If a command line option begins with +,
! 963: the remainder of that option is taken to be an initial command to
! 964: .Nm less .
! 965: For example, +G tells
! 966: .Nm
! 967: to start at the end of the file rather than the beginning,
! 968: and +/xyz tells it to start at the first occurrence of "xyz" in the file.
! 969: As a special case, +<number> acts like +<number>g;
! 970: that is, it starts the display at the specified line number
! 971: (however, see the caveat under the "g" command above).
! 972: If the option starts with ++, the initial command applies to
! 973: every file being viewed, not just the first one.
! 974: The + command described previously
! 975: may also be used to set (or change) an initial command for every file.
! 976: .El
! 977: .Sh LINE EDITING
! 978: When entering command line at the bottom of the screen
! 979: (for example, a filename for the :e command,
! 980: or the pattern for a search command),
! 981: certain keys can be used to manipulate the command line.
! 982: Most commands have an alternate form in [ brackets ] which can be used if
! 983: a key does not exist on a particular keyboard.
! 984: .\" (The bracketed forms do not work in the MS-DOS version.)
! 985: Any of these special keys may be entered literally by preceding
! 986: it with the "literal" character, either ^V or ^A.
! 987: A backslash itself may also be entered literally by entering two backslashes.
! 988: .Pp
! 989: .Bl -tag -width Ds
! 990: .It LEFTARROW [ ESC-h ]
! 991: Move the cursor one space to the left.
! 992: .It RIGHTARROW [ ESC-l ]
! 993: Move the cursor one space to the right.
! 994: .It ^LEFTARROW [ ESC-b or ESC-LEFTARROW ]
! 995: (That is, CONTROL and LEFTARROW simultaneously.)
! 996: Move the cursor one word to the left.
! 997: .It ^RIGHTARROW [ ESC-w or ESC-RIGHTARROW ]
! 998: (That is, CONTROL and RIGHTARROW simultaneously.)
! 999: Move the cursor one word to the right.
! 1000: .It HOME [ ESC-0 ]
! 1001: Move the cursor to the beginning of the line.
! 1002: .It END [ ESC-$ ]
! 1003: Move the cursor to the end of the line.
! 1004: .It BACKSPACE
! 1005: Delete the character to the left of the cursor,
! 1006: or cancel the command if the command line is empty.
! 1007: .It DELETE or [ ESC-x ]
! 1008: Delete the character under the cursor.
! 1009: .It ^BACKSPACE [ ESC-BACKSPACE ]
! 1010: (That is, CONTROL and BACKSPACE simultaneously.)
! 1011: Delete the word to the left of the cursor.
! 1012: .It ^DELETE [ ESC-X or ESC-DELETE ]
! 1013: (That is, CONTROL and DELETE simultaneously.)
! 1014: Delete the word under the cursor.
! 1015: .It UPARROW [ ESC-k ]
! 1016: Retrieve the previous command line.
! 1017: .It DOWNARROW [ ESC-j ]
! 1018: Retrieve the next command line.
! 1019: .It TAB
! 1020: Complete the partial filename to the left of the cursor.
! 1021: If it matches more than one filename, the first match
! 1022: is entered into the command line.
! 1023: Repeated TABs will cycle through the other matching filenames.
! 1024: If the completed filename is a directory, a "/" is appended to the filename.
! 1025: .\" (On MS-DOS systems, a "\e" is appended.)
! 1026: The environment variable
! 1027: .Ev LESSSEPARATOR
! 1028: can be used to specify a different character to append to a directory name.
! 1029: .It BACKTAB [ ESC-TAB ]
! 1030: Like TAB, but cycles in the reverse direction through the matching filenames.
! 1031: .It ^L
! 1032: Complete the partial filename to the left of the cursor.
! 1033: If it matches more than one filename, all matches are entered into
! 1034: the command line (if they fit).
! 1035: .\" .It ^U (Unix and OS/2) or ESC (MS-DOS)
! 1036: .It ^U
! 1037: Delete the entire command line,
! 1038: or cancel the command if the command line is empty.
! 1039: If you have changed your line-kill character to something
! 1040: other than ^U, that character is used instead of ^U.
! 1041: .El
! 1042: .Sh KEY BINDINGS
! 1043: You may define your own
! 1044: .Nm
! 1045: commands by using the program
! 1046: .Xr lesskey 1
! 1047: to create a lesskey file.
! 1048: This file specifies a set of command keys and an action
! 1049: associated with each key.
! 1050: You may also use lesskey
! 1051: to change the line-editing keys (see
! 1052: .Sx LINE EDITING ) ,
! 1053: and to set environment variables.
! 1054: If the environment variable
! 1055: .Ev LESSKEY
! 1056: is set,
! 1057: .Nm
! 1058: uses that as the name of the lesskey file.
! 1059: Otherwise,
! 1060: .Nm
! 1061: looks for a lesskey file called "$HOME/.less".
! 1062: .\" On MS-DOS and Windows systems,
! 1063: .\" .I less
! 1064: .\" looks for a lesskey file called "$HOME/_less", and if it is not found there,
! 1065: .\" then looks for a lesskey file called "_less" in any directory specified
! 1066: .\" in the PATH environment variable.
! 1067: .\" On OS/2 systems,
! 1068: .\" .I less
! 1069: .\" looks for a lesskey file called "$HOME/less.ini", and if it is not found,
! 1070: .\" then looks for a lesskey file called "less.ini" in any directory specified
! 1071: .\" in the INIT environment variable, and if it not found there,
! 1072: .\" then looks for a lesskey file called "less.ini" in any directory specified
! 1073: .\" in the PATH environment variable.
! 1074: See the
! 1075: .Xr lesskey 1
! 1076: manual page for more details.
! 1077: .Pp
! 1078: A system-wide lesskey file may also be set up to provide key bindings.
! 1079: If a key is defined in both a local lesskey file and in the
! 1080: system-wide file, key bindings in the local file take precedence over
! 1081: those in the system-wide file.
! 1082: If the environment variable
! 1083: .Ev LESSKEY_SYSTEM
! 1084: is set,
! 1085: .Nm
! 1086: uses that as the name of the system-wide lesskey file.
! 1087: Otherwise,
! 1088: .Nm
! 1089: looks in a standard place for the system-wide lesskey file:
! 1090: On
! 1091: .Ox ,
! 1092: the system-wide lesskey file is
! 1093: .Pa /etc/sysless .
! 1094: .\" On Unix systems, the system-wide lesskey file is /usr/local/etc/sysless.
! 1095: .\" (However, if
! 1096: .\" .Nm less
! 1097: .\" was built with a different sysconf directory than /usr/local/etc,
! 1098: .\" that directory is where the sysless file is found.)
! 1099: .\" On MS-DOS and Windows systems, the system-wide lesskey file is c:\e_sysless.
! 1100: .\" On OS/2 systems, the system-wide lesskey file is c:\esysless.ini.
! 1101: .Sh INPUT PREPROCESSOR
! 1102: You may define an "input preprocessor" for
! 1103: .Nm less .
! 1104: Before
! 1105: .Nm less
! 1106: opens a file, it first gives your input preprocessor a chance to modify the
! 1107: way the contents of the file are displayed.
! 1108: An input preprocessor is simply an executable program (or shell script),
! 1109: which writes the contents of the file to a different file,
! 1110: called the replacement file.
! 1111: The contents of the replacement file are then displayed
! 1112: in place of the contents of the original file.
! 1113: However, it will appear to the user as if the original file is opened;
! 1114: that is,
! 1115: .Nm less
! 1116: will display the original filename as the name of the current file.
! 1117: .Pp
! 1118: An input preprocessor receives one command line argument, the original filename,
! 1119: as entered by the user.
! 1120: It should create the replacement file, and when finished
! 1121: print the name of the replacement file to its standard output.
! 1122: If the input preprocessor does not output a replacement filename,
! 1123: .Nm
! 1124: uses the original file, as normal.
! 1125: The input preprocessor is not called when viewing standard input.
! 1126: To set up an input preprocessor, set the
! 1127: .Ev LESSOPEN
! 1128: environment variable to a command line which will invoke your
! 1129: input preprocessor.
! 1130: This command line should include one occurrence of the string "%s",
! 1131: which will be replaced by the filename
! 1132: when the input preprocessor command is invoked.
! 1133: .Pp
! 1134: When
! 1135: .Nm
! 1136: closes a file opened in such a way, it will call another program,
! 1137: called the input postprocessor,
! 1138: which may perform any desired clean-up action (such as deleting the
! 1139: replacement file created by
! 1140: .Ev LESSOPEN ) .
! 1141: This program receives two command line arguments, the original filename
! 1142: as entered by the user, and the name of the replacement file.
! 1143: To set up an input postprocessor, set the
! 1144: .Ev LESSCLOSE
! 1145: environment variable to a command line which will invoke your
! 1146: input postprocessor.
! 1147: It may include two occurrences of the string "%s";
! 1148: the first is replaced with the original name of the file and the second
! 1149: with the name of the replacement file, which was output by
! 1150: .Ev LESSOPEN .
! 1151: .Pp
! 1152: For example, these two scripts will allow you
! 1153: to keep files in compressed format, but still let
! 1154: .Nm
! 1155: view them directly:
! 1156: .Pp
! 1157: lessopen.sh:
! 1158: .Bd -literal -offset indent
! 1159: #! /bin/sh
! 1160: case "$1" in
! 1161: *.Z) uncompress -c $1 >/tmp/less.$$ 2>/dev/null
! 1162: if [ -s /tmp/less.$$ ]; then
! 1163: echo /tmp/less.$$
! 1164: else
! 1165: rm -f /tmp/less.$$
! 1166: fi
! 1167: ;;
! 1168: esac
! 1169: .Ed
! 1170: .Pp
! 1171: lessclose.sh:
! 1172: .Bd -literal -offset indent
! 1173: #! /bin/sh
! 1174: rm $2
! 1175: .Ed
! 1176: .Pp
! 1177: To use these scripts, put them both where they can be executed and
! 1178: set LESSOPEN="lessopen.sh\ %s", and LESSCLOSE="lessclose.sh\ %s\ %s".
! 1179: More complex LESSOPEN and LESSCLOSE scripts may be written
! 1180: to accept other types of compressed files, and so on.
! 1181: .Pp
! 1182: It is also possible to set up an input preprocessor to
! 1183: pipe the file data directly to
! 1184: .Nm less ,
! 1185: rather than putting the data into a replacement file.
! 1186: This avoids the need to decompress the entire file before starting to view it.
! 1187: An input preprocessor that works this way is called an input pipe.
! 1188: An input pipe, instead of writing the name of a replacement file on
! 1189: its standard output,
! 1190: writes the entire contents of the replacement file on its standard output.
! 1191: If the input pipe does not write any characters on its standard output,
! 1192: then there is no replacement file and
! 1193: .Nm
! 1194: uses the original file, as normal.
! 1195: To use an input pipe, make the first character in the
! 1196: .Ev LESSOPEN
! 1197: environment variable a vertical bar (|) to signify that the
! 1198: input preprocessor is an input pipe.
! 1199: .Pp
! 1200: For example, this script will work like the previous example scripts:
! 1201: .Pp
! 1202: lesspipe.sh:
! 1203: .Bd -literal -offset indent
! 1204: #! /bin/sh
! 1205: case "$1" in
! 1206: *.Z) uncompress -c $1 2>/dev/null
! 1207: ;;
! 1208: esac
! 1209: .Ed
! 1210: .Pp
! 1211: To use this script, put it where it can be executed and set
! 1212: LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s".
! 1213: When an input pipe is used, a LESSCLOSE postprocessor can be used,
! 1214: but it is usually not necessary since there is no replacement file to clean up.
! 1215: In this case, the replacement file name passed to the LESSCLOSE
! 1216: postprocessor is "-".
! 1217: .Sh NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS
! 1218: There are three types of characters in the input file:
! 1219: .Bl -tag -width "control characters"
! 1220: .It normal characters
! 1221: Can be displayed directly to the screen.
! 1222: .It control characters
! 1223: Should not be displayed directly, but are expected to be found
! 1224: in ordinary text files (such as backspace and tab).
! 1225: .It binary characters
! 1226: Should not be displayed directly and are not expected to be found
! 1227: in text files.
! 1228: .El
! 1229: .Pp
! 1230: A "character set" is simply a description of which characters are to
! 1231: be considered normal, control, and binary.
! 1232: The
! 1233: .Ev LESSCHARSET
! 1234: environment variable may be used to select a character set.
! 1235: Possible values for
! 1236: .Ev LESSCHARSET
! 1237: are:
! 1238: .Bl -tag -width "IBM-1047"
! 1239: .It ascii
! 1240: BS, TAB, NL, CR, and formfeed are control characters,
! 1241: all chars with values between 32 and 126 are normal,
! 1242: and all others are binary.
! 1243: .It iso8859
! 1244: Selects an ISO 8859 character set.
! 1245: This is the same as ASCII, except characters between 160 and 255 are
! 1246: treated as normal characters.
! 1247: .It latin1
! 1248: Same as iso8859.
! 1249: .It latin9
! 1250: Same as iso8859.
! 1251: .It dos
! 1252: Selects a character set appropriate for MS-DOS.
! 1253: .It ebcdic
! 1254: Selects an EBCDIC character set.
! 1255: .It IBM-1047
! 1256: Selects an EBCDIC character set used by OS/390 Unix Services.
! 1257: This is the EBCDIC analogue of latin1.
! 1258: You get similar results by setting either LESSCHARSET=IBM-1047 or
! 1259: LC_CTYPE=en_US in your environment.
! 1260: .It koi8-r
! 1261: Selects a Russian character set.
! 1262: .It next
! 1263: Selects a character set appropriate for NeXT computers.
! 1264: .It utf-8
! 1265: Selects the UTF-8 encoding of the ISO 10646 character set.
! 1266: .El
! 1267: .Pp
! 1268: In special cases, it may be desired to tailor
! 1269: .Nm
! 1270: to use a character set other than the ones definable by LESSCHARSET.
! 1271: In this case, the environment variable
! 1272: .Ev LESSCHARDEF
! 1273: can be used to define a character set.
! 1274: It should be set to a string where each character in the string represents
! 1275: one character in the character set.
! 1276: The character "." is used for a normal character, "c" for control,
! 1277: and "b" for binary.
! 1278: A decimal number may be used for repetition.
! 1279: For example, "bccc4b." would mean character 0 is binary,
! 1280: 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are binary, and 8 is normal.
! 1281: All characters after the last are taken to be the same as the last,
! 1282: so characters 9 through 255 would be normal.
! 1283: (This is an example, and does not necessarily
! 1284: represent any real character set.)
! 1285: .Pp
! 1286: This table shows the value of LESSCHARDEF which is equivalent
! 1287: to each of the possible values for LESSCHARSET:
! 1288: .Pp
! 1289: .Bd -literal -offset indent
! 1290: ascii 8bcccbcc18b95.b
! 1291: dos 8bcccbcc12bc5b95.b.
! 1292: ebcdic 5bc6bcc7bcc41b.9b7.9b5.b..8b6.10b6.b9.7b
! 1293: 9.8b8.17b3.3b9.7b9.8b8.6b10.b.b.b.
! 1294: IBM-1047 4cbcbc3b9cbccbccbb4c6bcc5b3cbbc4bc4bccbc
! 1295: 191.b
! 1296: iso8859 8bcccbcc18b95.33b.
! 1297: koi8-r 8bcccbcc18b95.b128.
! 1298: latin1 8bcccbcc18b95.33b.
! 1299: next 8bcccbcc18b95.bb125.bb
! 1300: .Ed
! 1301: .Pp
! 1302: If neither LESSCHARSET nor LESSCHARDEF is set,
! 1303: but the string "UTF-8" is found in the
! 1304: .Ev LC_ALL , LC_TYPE
! 1305: or
! 1306: .Ev LANG
! 1307: environment variables, then the default character set is utf-8.
! 1308: .Pp
! 1309: If that string is not found, but your system supports the
! 1310: setlocale interface,
! 1311: .Nm
! 1312: will use setlocale to determine the character set.
! 1313: setlocale is controlled by setting the
! 1314: .Ev LANG
! 1315: or
! 1316: .Ev LC_CTYPE
! 1317: environment variables.
! 1318: .Pp
! 1319: Finally, if the
! 1320: setlocale interface is also not available, the default character set is latin1.
! 1321: .Pp
! 1322: Control and binary characters are displayed in standout (reverse video).
! 1323: Each such character is displayed in caret notation if possible
! 1324: (e.g. ^A for control-A).
! 1325: Caret notation is used only if inverting the 0100 bit results in a
! 1326: normal printable character.
! 1327: Otherwise, the character is displayed as a hex number in angle brackets.
! 1328: This format can be changed by setting the
! 1329: .Ev LESSBINFMT
! 1330: environment variable.
! 1331: LESSBINFMT may begin with a "*" and one character to select
! 1332: the display attribute:
! 1333: "*k" is blinking, "*d" is bold, "*u" is underlined, "*s" is standout,
! 1334: and "*n" is normal.
! 1335: If LESSBINFMT does not begin with a "*", normal attribute is assumed.
! 1336: The remainder of LESSBINFMT is a string which may include one
! 1337: printf-style escape sequence (a % followed by x, X, o, d, etc.).
! 1338: For example, if LESSBINFMT is "*u[%x]", binary characters
! 1339: are displayed in underlined hexadecimal surrounded by brackets.
! 1340: The default if no LESSBINFMT is specified is "*s<%X>".
! 1341: .Sh PROMPTS
! 1342: The -P option allows you to tailor the prompt to your preference.
! 1343: The string given to the -P option replaces the specified prompt string.
! 1344: Certain characters in the string are interpreted specially.
! 1345: The prompt mechanism is rather complicated to provide flexibility,
! 1346: but the ordinary user need not understand the details of constructing
! 1347: personalized prompt strings.
! 1348: .Pp
! 1349: A percent sign followed by a single character is expanded
! 1350: according to what the following character is:
! 1351: .Bl -tag -width Ds
! 1352: .It %b Ns Ar X
! 1353: Replaced by the byte offset into the current input file.
! 1354: The b is followed by a single character (shown as
! 1355: .Ar X
! 1356: above) which specifies the line whose byte offset is to be used.
! 1357: If the character is a "t", the byte offset of the top line in the
! 1358: display is used,
! 1359: an "m" means use the middle line,
! 1360: a "b" means use the bottom line,
! 1361: a "B" means use the line just after the bottom line,
! 1362: and a "j" means use the "target" line, as specified by the -j option.
! 1363: .It %B
! 1364: Replaced by the size of the current input file.
! 1365: .It %c
! 1366: Replaced by the column number of the text appearing in the first
! 1367: column of the screen.
! 1368: .It %d Ns Ar X
! 1369: Replaced by the page number of a line in the input file.
! 1370: The line to be used is determined by the
! 1371: .Ar X ,
! 1372: as with the %b option.
! 1373: .It %D
! 1374: Replaced by the number of pages in the input file,
! 1375: or equivalently, the page number of the last line in the input file.
! 1376: .It %E
! 1377: Replaced by the name of the editor (from the
! 1378: .Ev VISUAL
! 1379: environment variable, or the
! 1380: .Ev EDITOR
! 1381: environment variable if
! 1382: .Ev VISUAL
! 1383: is not defined).
! 1384: See the discussion of the LESSEDIT feature below.
! 1385: .It %f
! 1386: Replaced by the name of the current input file.
! 1387: .It %i
! 1388: Replaced by the index of the current file in the list of
! 1389: input files.
! 1390: .It %l Ns Ar X
! 1391: Replaced by the line number of a line in the input file.
! 1392: The line to be used is determined by the
! 1393: .Ar X ,
! 1394: as with the %b option.
! 1395: .It %L
! 1396: Replaced by the line number of the last line in the input file.
! 1397: .It %m
! 1398: Replaced by the total number of input files.
! 1399: .It %p Ns Ar X
! 1400: Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on byte offsets.
! 1401: The line used is determined by the
! 1402: .Ar X ,
! 1403: as with the %b option.
! 1404: .It %P Ns Ar X
! 1405: Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on line numbers.
! 1406: The line used is determined by the
! 1407: .Ar X ,
! 1408: as with the %b option.
! 1409: .It %s
! 1410: Same as %B.
! 1411: .It %t
! 1412: Causes any trailing spaces to be removed.
! 1413: Usually used at the end of the string, but may appear anywhere.
! 1414: .It %x
! 1415: Replaced by the name of the next input file in the list.
! 1416: .El
! 1417: .Pp
! 1418: If any item is unknown (for example, the file size if input is a pipe),
! 1419: a question mark is printed instead.
! 1420: .Pp
! 1421: The format of the prompt string can be changed depending on certain conditions.
! 1422: A question mark followed by a single character acts like an "IF":
! 1423: depending on the following character, a condition is evaluated.
! 1424: If the condition is true, any characters following the question mark
! 1425: and condition character, up to a period, are included in the prompt.
! 1426: If the condition is false, such characters are not included.
! 1427: A colon appearing between the question mark and the
! 1428: period can be used to establish an "ELSE": any characters between
! 1429: the colon and the period are included in the string, if and only if
! 1430: the IF condition is false.
! 1431: Condition characters (which follow a question mark) may be:
! 1432: .Bl -tag -width Ds
! 1433: .It ?a
! 1434: True if any characters have been included in the prompt so far.
! 1435: .It ?b Ns Ar X
! 1436: True if the byte offset of the specified line is known.
! 1437: .It ?B
! 1438: True if the size of the current input file is known.
! 1439: .It ?c
! 1440: True if the text is horizontally shifted (%c is not zero).
! 1441: .It ?d Ns Ar X
! 1442: True if the page number of the specified line is known.
! 1443: .It ?e
! 1444: True if at end-of-file.
! 1445: .It ?f
! 1446: True if there is an input filename
! 1447: (that is, if input is not a pipe).
! 1448: .It ?l Ns Ar X
! 1449: True if the line number of the specified line is known.
! 1450: .It ?L
! 1451: True if the line number of the last line in the file is known.
! 1452: .It ?m
! 1453: True if there is more than one input file.
! 1454: .It ?n
! 1455: True if this is the first prompt in a new input file.
! 1456: .It ?p Ns Ar X
! 1457: True if the percent into the current input file, based on byte offsets,
! 1458: of the specified line is known.
! 1459: .It ?P Ns Ar X
! 1460: True if the percent into the current input file, based on line numbers,
! 1461: of the specified line is known.
! 1462: .It ?s
! 1463: Same as "?B".
! 1464: .It ?x
! 1465: True if there is a next input file
! 1466: (that is, if the current input file is not the last one).
! 1467: .El
! 1468: .Pp
! 1469: Any characters other than the special ones
! 1470: (question mark, colon, period, percent, and backslash)
! 1471: become literally part of the prompt.
! 1472: Any of the special characters may be included in the prompt literally
! 1473: by preceding it with a backslash.
! 1474: .Pp
! 1475: Some examples:
! 1476: .Pp
! 1477: .Dl ?f%f:Standard input.
! 1478: .Pp
! 1479: This prompt prints the filename, if known;
! 1480: otherwise the string "Standard input".
! 1481: .Pp
! 1482: .Dl ?f%f .?ltLine %lt:?pt%pt\e%:?btByte %bt:-...
! 1483: .Pp
! 1484: This prompt would print the filename, if known.
! 1485: The filename is followed by the line number, if known,
! 1486: otherwise the percent if known, otherwise the byte offset if known.
! 1487: Otherwise, a dash is printed.
! 1488: Notice how each question mark has a matching period,
! 1489: and how the % after the %pt
! 1490: is included literally by escaping it with a backslash.
! 1491: .Pp
! 1492: .Dl ?n?f%f\ .?m(file\ %i\ of\ %m)\ ..?e(END)\ ?x-\ Next\e:\ %x..%t
! 1493: .Pp
! 1494: This prints the filename if this is the first prompt in a file,
! 1495: followed by the "file N of N" message if there is more
! 1496: than one input file.
! 1497: Then, if we are at end-of-file, the string "(END)" is printed
! 1498: followed by the name of the next file, if there is one.
! 1499: Finally, any trailing spaces are truncated.
! 1500: This is the default prompt.
! 1501: For reference, here are the defaults for
! 1502: the other two prompts (-m and -M respectively).
! 1503: Each is broken into two lines here for readability only.
! 1504: .Pp
! 1505: .Bd -literal -offset indent
! 1506: ?n?f%f\ .?m(file\ %i\ of\ %m)\ ..?e(END)\ ?x-\ Next\e:\ %x.:
! 1507: ?pB%pB\e%:byte\ %bB?s/%s...%t
! 1508:
! 1509: ?f%f\ .?n?m(file\ %i\ of\ %m)\ ..?ltlines\ %lt-%lb?L/%L.\ :
! 1510: byte\ %bB?s/%s.\ .?e(END)\ ?x-\ Next\e:\ %x.:?pB%pB\e%..%t
! 1511: .Ed
! 1512: .Pp
! 1513: And here is the default message produced by the = command:
! 1514: .Pp
! 1515: .Bd -literal -offset indent
! 1516: ?f%f\ .?m(file\ %i\ of\ %m)\ .?ltlines\ %lt-%lb?L/%L.\ .
! 1517: byte\ %bB?s/%s.\ ?e(END)\ :?pB%pB\e%..%t
! 1518: .Ed
! 1519: .Pp
! 1520: The prompt expansion features are also used for another purpose:
! 1521: if an environment variable
! 1522: .Ev LESSEDIT
! 1523: is defined, it is used as the command to be executed when the v command
! 1524: is invoked.
! 1525: The LESSEDIT string is expanded in the same way as the prompt strings.
! 1526: The default value for LESSEDIT is:
! 1527: .Pp
! 1528: .Dl %E\ ?lm+%lm.\ %f
! 1529: .Pp
! 1530: Note that this expands to the editor name, followed by a + and the
! 1531: line number, followed by the file name.
! 1532: If your editor does not accept the "+linenumber" syntax, or has other
! 1533: differences in invocation syntax, the
! 1534: .Ev LESSEDIT
! 1535: variable can be changed to modify this default.
! 1536: .Sh SECURITY
! 1537: When the environment variable
! 1538: .Ev LESSSECURE
! 1539: is set to 1,
! 1540: .Nm
! 1541: runs in a "secure" mode.
! 1542: This means these features are disabled:
! 1543: .Bl -tag -width Ds
! 1544: .It !
! 1545: The shell command.
! 1546: .It |
! 1547: The pipe command.
! 1548: .It :e
! 1549: The examine command.
! 1550: .It v
! 1551: The editing command.
! 1552: .It s -o
! 1553: Log files.
! 1554: .It -k
! 1555: Use of lesskey files.
! 1556: .It -t
! 1557: Use of tags files.
! 1558: .It " "
! 1559: Metacharacters in filenames, such as "*".
! 1560: .It " "
! 1561: Filename completion (TAB, ^L).
! 1562: .El
! 1563: .Pp
! 1564: Less can also be compiled to be permanently in "secure" mode.
! 1565: .Sh ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
! 1566: Environment variables may be specified either in the system environment
! 1567: as usual, or in a
! 1568: .Xr lesskey 1
! 1569: file.
! 1570: If environment variables are defined in more than one place,
! 1571: variables defined in a local lesskey file take precedence over
! 1572: variables defined in the system environment, which take precedence
! 1573: over variables defined in the system-wide lesskey file.
! 1574: .Bl -tag -width Ds
! 1575: .It Ev COLUMNS
! 1576: Sets the number of columns on the screen.
! 1577: Takes precedence over the number of columns specified by the TERM variable.
! 1578: (But if you have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD,
! 1579: the window system's idea of the screen size takes precedence over the
! 1580: LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.)
! 1581: .It Ev EDITOR
! 1582: The name of the editor (used for the v command).
! 1583: .It Ev HOME
! 1584: Name of the user's home directory
! 1585: (used to find a lesskey file).
! 1586: .\" .It Ev "HOMEDRIVE, HOMEPATH"
! 1587: .\" Concatenation of the HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH environment variables is
! 1588: .\" the name of the user's home directory if the HOME variable is not set
! 1589: .\" (only in the Windows version).
! 1590: .\" .It Ev INIT
! 1591: .\" Name of the user's init directory
! 1592: .\" (used to find a lesskey file on OS/2 systems).
! 1593: .It Ev LANG
! 1594: Language for determining the character set.
! 1595: .It Ev LC_CTYPE
! 1596: Language for determining the character set.
! 1597: .It Ev LESS
! 1598: Options which are passed to
! 1599: .Nm
! 1600: automatically.
! 1601: .It Ev LESSANSIENDCHARS
! 1602: Characters which are assumed to end an ANSI color escape sequence
! 1603: (default "m").
! 1604: .It Ev LESSBINFMT
! 1605: Format for displaying non-printable, non-control characters.
! 1606: .It Ev LESSCHARDEF
! 1607: Defines a character set.
! 1608: .It Ev LESSCHARSET
! 1609: Selects a predefined character set.
! 1610: .It Ev LESSCLOSE
! 1611: Command line to invoke the (optional) input-postprocessor.
! 1612: .\" .It Ev LESSECHO
! 1613: .\" Name of the lessecho program (default "lessecho").
! 1614: .\" The lessecho program is needed to expand metacharacters, such as * and ?,
! 1615: .\" in filenames on Unix systems.
! 1616: .It Ev LESSEDIT
! 1617: Editor prototype string (used for the v command).
! 1618: See discussion under
! 1619: .Sx PROMPTS .
! 1620: .It Ev LESSGLOBALTAGS
! 1621: Name of the command used by the -t option to find global tags.
! 1622: Normally should be set to "global" if your system has the global command.
! 1623: If not set, global tags are not used.
! 1624: .It Ev LESSKEY
! 1625: Name of the default lesskey(1) file.
! 1626: .It Ev LESSKEY_SYSTEM
! 1627: Name of the default system-wide lesskey(1) file.
! 1628: .It Ev LESSMETACHARS
! 1629: List of characters which are considered "metacharacters" by the shell.
! 1630: .It Ev LESSMETAESCAPE
! 1631: Prefix which
! 1632: .Nm
! 1633: will add before each metacharacter in a command sent to the shell.
! 1634: If LESSMETAESCAPE is an empty string, commands containing
! 1635: metacharacters will not be passed to the shell.
! 1636: .It Ev LESSOPEN
! 1637: Command line to invoke the (optional) input-preprocessor.
! 1638: .It Ev LESSSECURE
! 1639: Runs less in "secure" mode.
! 1640: See discussion under
! 1641: .Sx SECURITY .
! 1642: .It Ev LESSSEPARATOR
! 1643: String to be appended to a directory name in filename completion.
! 1644: .It Ev LINES
! 1645: Sets the number of lines on the screen.
! 1646: Takes precedence over the number of lines specified by the TERM variable.
! 1647: (But if you have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD,
! 1648: the window system's idea of the screen size takes precedence over the
! 1649: LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.)
! 1650: .\" .It Ev PATH
! 1651: .\" User's search path (used to find a lesskey file
! 1652: .\" on MS-DOS and OS/2 systems).
! 1653: .It Ev SHELL
! 1654: The shell used to execute the ! command, as well as to expand filenames.
! 1655: .It Ev TERM
! 1656: The type of terminal on which
! 1657: .Nm
! 1658: is being run.
! 1659: .It Ev VISUAL
! 1660: The name of the editor (used for the v command).
! 1661: .El
! 1662: .Sh SEE ALSO
! 1663: .Xr lesskey 1
! 1664: .Sh WARNINGS
! 1665: The = command and prompts (unless changed by -P)
! 1666: report the line numbers of the lines at the top and bottom of the screen,
! 1667: but the byte and percent of the line after the one at the bottom of the screen.
! 1668: .Pp
! 1669: If the :e command is used to name more than one file,
! 1670: and one of the named files has been viewed previously,
! 1671: the new files may be entered into the list in an unexpected order.
! 1672: .Pp
! 1673: On certain older terminals (the so-called "magic cookie" terminals),
! 1674: search highlighting will cause an erroneous display.
! 1675: On such terminals, search highlighting is disabled by default
! 1676: to avoid possible problems.
! 1677: .Pp
! 1678: In certain cases, when search highlighting is enabled and
! 1679: a search pattern begins with a ^,
! 1680: more text than the matching string may be highlighted.
! 1681: (This problem does not occur when
! 1682: .Nm
! 1683: is compiled to use the POSIX regular expression package.)
! 1684: .Pp
! 1685: When viewing text containing ANSI color escape sequences using the -R option,
! 1686: searching will not find text containing an embedded escape sequence.
! 1687: Also, search highlighting may change the color of some of the text
! 1688: which follows the highlighted text.
! 1689: .Pp
! 1690: On some systems, setlocale claims that ASCII characters 0 through 31 are
! 1691: control characters rather than binary characters.
! 1692: This causes
! 1693: .Nm
! 1694: to treat some binary files as ordinary, non-binary files.
! 1695: To workaround this problem, set the environment variable
! 1696: .Ev LESSCHARSET
! 1697: to "ascii" (or whatever character set is appropriate).
! 1698: .Pp
! 1699: See
! 1700: .Pa http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less
! 1701: for the latest list of known bugs in this version of
! 1702: .Nm less .
! 1703: .Sh COPYRIGHT
! 1704: Copyright (C) 2002 Mark Nudelman
! 1705: .Pp
! 1706: less is part of the GNU project and is free software.
! 1707: You can redistribute it and/or modify it
! 1708: under the terms of either
! 1709: (1) the GNU General Public License as published by
! 1710: the Free Software Foundation; or (2) the Less License.
! 1711: See the file README in the less distribution for more details
! 1712: regarding redistribution.
! 1713: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
! 1714: along with the source for less; see the file COPYING.
! 1715: If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place,
! 1716: Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
! 1717: You should also have received a copy of the Less License;
! 1718: see the file LICENSE.
! 1719: .Pp
! 1720: less is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
! 1721: WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
! 1722: or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
! 1723: See the GNU General Public License for more details.
! 1724: .Sh AUTHOR
! 1725: .Pp
! 1726: Mark Nudelman <markn@greenwoodsoftware.com>
! 1727: .br
! 1728: Send bug reports or comments to the above address or to bug-less@gnu.org.
! 1729: .br
! 1730: For more information, see the less homepage at
! 1731: .Pa http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less .
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