Annotation of src/usr.bin/make/make.1, Revision 1.44
1.44 ! deraadt 1: .\" $OpenBSD: make.1,v 1.43 2002/03/06 17:48:33 espie Exp $
1.40 espie 2: .\" $OpenPackages$
1.10 millert 3: .\" $NetBSD: make.1,v 1.18 1997/03/10 21:19:53 christos Exp $
1.7 briggs 4: .\"
1.9 millert 5: .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
6: .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
1.1 deraadt 7: .\"
8: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10: .\" are met:
11: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16: .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17: .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
18: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
19: .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20: .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21: .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22: .\" without specific prior written permission.
23: .\"
24: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25: .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27: .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28: .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29: .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30: .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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1.9 millert 36: .\" from: @(#)make.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/19/94
1.1 deraadt 37: .\"
1.9 millert 38: .Dd March 19, 1994
1.1 deraadt 39: .Dt MAKE 1
40: .Os
41: .Sh NAME
42: .Nm make
43: .Nd maintain program dependencies
44: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.19 aaron 45: .Nm make
1.15 espie 46: .Op Fl BPSeiknqrst
1.1 deraadt 47: .Op Fl D Ar variable
48: .Op Fl d Ar flags
49: .Op Fl f Ar makefile
50: .Op Fl I Ar directory
51: .Bk -words
52: .Op Fl j Ar max_jobs
1.5 niklas 53: .Op Fl m Ar directory
1.1 deraadt 54: .Ek
1.9 millert 55: .Op Fl V Ar variable
1.19 aaron 56: .Op Ar variable Ns No = Ns Ar value
1.1 deraadt 57: .Op Ar target ...
58: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.19 aaron 59: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 60: is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs.
61: Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which programs
62: and other files depend.
63: If the file
1.40 espie 64: .Ql Pa BSDmakefile
1.12 niklas 65: exists, it is read for this list of specifications.
66: If it does not exist, the files
1.40 espie 67: .Ql Pa makefile
1.12 niklas 68: and
1.40 espie 69: .Ql Pa Makefile
1.12 niklas 70: are tried in order.
1.1 deraadt 71: If the file
1.40 espie 72: .Ql Pa .depend
73: exists, it is read in addition to the makefile (see
1.42 mpech 74: .Xr mkdep 1 ) .
1.1 deraadt 75: .Pp
1.43 espie 76: The handling of
77: .Ql Pa BSDmakefile
78: and
79: .Ql Pa .depend
80: are BSD extensions.
81: .Pp
82: Standard options are as follows:
83: .Bl -tag -width Ds
84: .It Fl e
85: Specify that environment variables override macro assignments within
86: makefiles.
87: .It Fl f Ar makefile
88: Specify a makefile to read instead of the default
89: .Ql Pa makefile
90: and
91: .Ql Pa Makefile .
92: If
93: .Ar makefile
94: is
95: .Ql \- ,
96: standard input is read.
97: Multiple makefiles may be specified, and are read in the order specified.
98: .It Fl i
99: Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile.
100: Equivalent to specifying
101: .Ql \-
102: before each command line in the makefile.
103: .It Fl k
104: Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on those targets
105: that do not depend on the target whose creation caused the error.
106: .It Fl n
107: Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not actually
108: execute them.
109: .It Fl q
110: Do not execute any commands, but exit with status 0 if the specified targets
111: are up-to-date, and 1 otherwise.
112: .It Fl r
113: Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
114: .It Fl S
115: Stop processing when an error is encountered.
116: This is the default behavior.
117: This is needed to negate the
118: .Fl k
119: option during recursive builds.
120: .It Fl s
121: Do not echo commands as they are executed.
122: Equivalent to specifying
123: .Ql Ic @
124: before each command line in the makefile.
125: .It Fl t
126: Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile, create it
127: or update its modification time to make it appear up-to-date.
128: .It Ar variable Ns No = Ns Ar value
129: Set the value of the variable
130: .Ar variable
131: to
132: .Ar value .
133: .El
1.1 deraadt 134: .Pp
1.43 espie 135: Extended options are as follows:
1.1 deraadt 136: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.9 millert 137: .It Fl B
1.3 deraadt 138: Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per command and
139: by executing the commands to make the sources of a dependency line in sequence.
1.15 espie 140: This is turned on by default unless
141: .Fl j
142: is used.
1.1 deraadt 143: .It Fl D Ar variable
144: Define
145: .Ar variable
1.40 espie 146: to be 1.
1.1 deraadt 147: .It Fl d Ar flags
148: Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of
1.19 aaron 149: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 150: are to print debugging information.
1.14 aaron 151: .Ar flags
1.1 deraadt 152: is one or more of the following:
153: .Bl -tag -width Ds
154: .It Ar A
155: Print all possible debugging information;
156: equivalent to specifying all of the debugging flags.
157: .It Ar a
158: Print debugging information about archive searching and caching.
159: .It Ar c
160: Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
161: .It Ar d
162: Print debugging information about directory searching and caching.
1.15 espie 163: .It Ar f
1.40 espie 164: Print debugging information about the expansion of for loops.
1.1 deraadt 165: .It Ar "g1"
166: Print the input graph before making anything.
167: .It Ar "g2"
168: Print the input graph after making everything, or before exiting
169: on error.
170: .It Ar j
171: Print debugging information about running multiple shells.
1.40 espie 172: .It Ar l
173: Print commands in Makefile targets regardless of whether or not they are
174: prefixed by @.
175: Also known as loud behavior.
1.1 deraadt 176: .It Ar m
177: Print debugging information about making targets, including modification
178: dates.
179: .It Ar s
180: Print debugging information about suffix-transformation rules.
181: .It Ar t
182: Print debugging information about target list maintenance.
183: .It Ar v
184: Print debugging information about variable assignment.
185: .El
186: .It Fl I Ar directory
187: Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included makefiles.
1.5 niklas 188: The system makefile directory (or directories, see the
189: .Fl m
190: option) is automatically included as part of this list.
1.1 deraadt 191: .It Fl j Ar max_jobs
192: Specify the maximum number of jobs that
1.19 aaron 193: .Nm
1.28 aaron 194: may have running at any one time.
195: Turns compatibility mode off, unless the
1.3 deraadt 196: .Ar B
197: flag is also specified.
1.5 niklas 198: .It Fl m Ar directory
1.40 espie 199: Specify a directory in which to search for
200: .Pa sys.mk
201: and makefiles included
1.28 aaron 202: via the <...> style.
203: Multiple directories can be added to form a search path.
1.14 aaron 204: This path will override the default system include path:
205: .Pa /usr/share/mk .
206: Furthermore, the system include path will be appended to the search path used
1.5 niklas 207: for "..."-style inclusions (see the
208: .Fl I
209: option).
1.15 espie 210: .It Fl P
1.19 aaron 211: Collate the output of a given job and display it only when the job finishes,
212: instead of mixing the output of parallel jobs together.
213: This option has no effect unless
1.15 espie 214: .Fl j
215: is used too.
1.9 millert 216: .It Fl V Ar variable
217: Print
218: .Nm make Ns 's
219: idea of the value of
1.40 espie 220: .Ar variable .
1.9 millert 221: Do not build any targets.
222: Multiple instances of this option may be specified;
223: the variables will be printed one per line,
224: with a blank line for each null or undefined variable.
1.1 deraadt 225: .El
226: .Pp
227: There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
228: specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
229: conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
1.43 espie 230: Of these, include statements, conditional directives and for loops are
231: extensions.
1.1 deraadt 232: .Pp
233: In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
234: them with a backslash
235: .Pq Ql \e .
236: The trailing newline character and initial whitespace on the following
237: line are compressed into a single space.
238: .Sh FILE DEPENDENCY SPECIFICATIONS
239: Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero
240: or more sources.
1.19 aaron 241: This creates a relationship where the targets
242: .Dq depend
243: on the sources
1.1 deraadt 244: and are usually created from them.
245: The exact relationship between the target and the source is determined
246: by the operator that separates them.
1.43 espie 247: Note that the use of several targets is merely a shorthand for duplicate
248: rules.
249: Specifically,
250: .Bd -literal
251: target1 target2: depa depb
252: cmd1
253: cmd2
254: .Ed
255: is just a short form of
256: .Bd -literal
257: target1: depa depb
258: cmd1
259: cmd2
260: target2: depa depb
261: cmd1
262: cmd2
263: .Ed
264: .Pp
265: .Nm
266: does not support Solaris syntax for true multiple targets:
267: .Bd -literal
268: target1 + target2: depa depb
269: cmd1
270: cmd2
271: .Ed
272: .Pp
1.40 espie 273: The operators are as follows:
1.1 deraadt 274: .Bl -tag -width flag
275: .It Ic \&:
276: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less than
277: those of any of its sources.
278: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
279: is used.
280: The target is removed if
1.19 aaron 281: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 282: is interrupted.
283: .It Ic \&!
284: Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
285: examined and re-created as necessary.
286: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
287: is used.
288: The target is removed if
1.19 aaron 289: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 290: is interrupted.
291: .It Ic \&::
292: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created.
293: Otherwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources has
294: been modified more recently than the target.
295: Sources for a target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this
296: operator is used.
297: The target will not be removed if
1.19 aaron 298: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 299: is interrupted.
300: .El
301: .Pp
1.43 espie 302: The
303: .Ic \&::
304: operator is a fairly standard extension.
305: The
306: .Ic \&!
307: operator is a BSD extension.
308: .Pp
309: As an extension, targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard
310: expressions
1.1 deraadt 311: .Ql ? ,
312: .Ql * ,
313: .Ql []
314: and
315: .Ql {} .
1.15 espie 316: The expressions
1.1 deraadt 317: .Ql ? ,
318: .Ql *
319: and
320: .Ql []
321: may only be used as part of the final
322: component of the target or source, and must be used to describe existing
323: files.
1.15 espie 324: The expression
1.1 deraadt 325: .Ql {}
326: need not necessarily be used to describe existing files.
327: Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as done in the shell.
1.43 espie 328: .Pp
329: For maximum portability, target names should only consist of periods,
330: underscores, digits and alphabetic characters.
1.1 deraadt 331: .Sh SHELL COMMANDS
332: Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, normally
333: used to create the target.
334: Each of the commands in this script
335: .Em must
336: be preceded by a tab.
337: While any target may appear on a dependency line, only one of these
338: dependencies may be followed by a creation script, unless the
339: .Ql Ic ::
340: operator is used.
341: .Pp
1.34 espie 342: If a command line begins with a combination of the characters,
1.33 espie 343: .Ql Ic @ ,
344: .Ql Ic \-
1.1 deraadt 345: and/or
1.33 espie 346: .Ql Ic + ,
1.1 deraadt 347: the command is treated specially.
1.33 espie 348: .Bl -tag -width `@'
349: .It Ql Ic @
1.1 deraadt 350: causes the command not to be echoed before it is executed.
1.33 espie 351: .It Ql Ic \-
1.1 deraadt 352: causes any non-zero exit status of the command line to be ignored.
1.33 espie 353: .It Ql Ic +
354: causes the command to be executed even if
355: .Fl n
356: has been specified (This can be useful to debug recursive Makefiles).
357: .El
1.43 espie 358: .Pp
359: The command is always executed using
360: .Pa /bin/sh
361: in
362: .Qq set -e
363: mode.
1.1 deraadt 364: .Sh VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS
1.14 aaron 365: Variables in
1.19 aaron 366: .Nm
1.14 aaron 367: are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradition,
1.1 deraadt 368: consist of all upper-case letters.
1.43 espie 369: For portability, only periods, underscores, digits and letters should be
370: used for variable names.
1.1 deraadt 371: The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
372: follows:
373: .Bl -tag -width Ds
374: .It Ic \&=
375: Assign the value to the variable.
376: Any previous value is overridden.
1.43 espie 377: .It Ic \&:=
378: Assign with expansion, i.e., expand the value before assigning it
379: to the variable (extension)
1.1 deraadt 380: .It Ic \&+=
1.43 espie 381: Append the value to the current value of the variable (extension).
1.1 deraadt 382: .It Ic \&?=
1.43 espie 383: Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined (BSD
384: extension).
1.1 deraadt 385: Normally, expansion is not done until the variable is referenced.
386: .It Ic \&!=
387: Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and assign
388: the result to the variable.
1.43 espie 389: Any newlines in the result are replaced with spaces (BSD extension).
1.1 deraadt 390: .El
391: .Pp
1.14 aaron 392: Any whitespace before the assigned
1.1 deraadt 393: .Ar value
394: is removed; if the value is being appended, a single space is inserted
395: between the previous contents of the variable and the appended value.
396: .Pp
397: Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either
398: curly braces
399: .Pq Ql {}
400: or parentheses
401: .Pq Ql ()
402: and preceding it with
403: a dollar sign
404: .Pq Ql \&$ .
405: If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surrounding
406: braces or parentheses are not required.
407: This shorter form is not recommended.
408: .Pp
409: Variable substitution occurs at two distinct times, depending on where
410: the variable is being used.
411: Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
412: Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
413: executed.
414: .Pp
415: The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing precedence)
416: are:
417: .Bl -tag -width Ds
418: .It Environment variables
419: Variables defined as part of
420: .Nm make Ns 's
421: environment.
422: .It Global variables
423: Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
424: .It Command line variables
425: Variables defined as part of the command line.
426: .It Local variables
427: Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
1.43 espie 428: Standard local variables are as follows:
1.1 deraadt 429: .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
1.43 espie 430: .It Va @
431: The name of the target.
432: .It Va \&%
433: The name of the archive member (only valid for library rules).
434: .It Va \&!
435: The name of the archive file (only valid for library rules).
436: .It Va \&?
437: The list of prerequisites for this target that were deemed out-of-date.
438: .It Va \&<
439: The name of the source from which this target is to be built, if a valid
440: implied rule (suffix rule) is in scope.
441: .It Va *
442: The file prefix of the file, containing only the file portion,
443: no suffix or preceding directory components.
444: .El
445: .Pp
446: The six variables
447: .Ql Va "@F" ,
448: .Ql Va "@D" ,
449: .Ql Va "<F" ,
450: .Ql Va "<D" ,
451: .Ql Va "*F" ,
452: and
453: .Ql Va "*D"
454: yield the
455: .Qq filename
456: and
457: .Qq directory
458: parts of the corresponding macros.
459: .Pp
460: For maximum compatibility,
461: .Ql Va \&<
462: should only be used for actual implied rules.
463: It is also set when there is an implied rule that matches the current
464: dependency in scope. That is, in
465: .Bd -literal
466: \&.SUFFIXES: .c.o
467: file.o: file.c
468: cmd1 $<
469:
470: \&.c.o:
471: cmd2
472: .Ed
473: building
474: .Pa file.o
475: will execute
476: .Qq cmd1 file.c .
477:
478: .Pp
479: As an extension,
480: .Nm
481: sports the following local variables:
482: .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
483: .It Va \&>
484: The list of all sources for this target.
1.1 deraadt 485: .It Va .ALLSRC
1.43 espie 486: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 487: .Ql Va \&> .
488: .It Va .ARCHIVE
1.43 espie 489: Synonym for
1.15 espie 490: .Ql Va \&! .
1.1 deraadt 491: .It Va .IMPSRC
1.43 espie 492: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 493: .Ql Va \&< .
494: .It Va .MEMBER
1.43 espie 495: Synonym for
1.15 espie 496: .Ql Va \&% .
1.1 deraadt 497: .It Va .OODATE
1.43 espie 498: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 499: .Ql Va \&? .
500: .It Va .PREFIX
1.43 espie 501: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 502: .Ql Va * .
503: .It Va .TARGET
1.43 espie 504: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 505: .Ql Va @ .
506: .El
507: .Pp
1.43 espie 508: These variables may be used on the dependency half of dependency
509: lines, when they make sense.
1.15 espie 510: .El
1.1 deraadt 511: .Pp
512: In addition,
1.19 aaron 513: .Nm
514: sets or knows about the following internal variables, or environment
1.15 espie 515: variables:
1.1 deraadt 516: .Bl -tag -width MAKEFLAGS
517: .It Va \&$
518: A single dollar sign
519: .Ql \&$ ,
1.29 aaron 520: i.e.,
1.1 deraadt 521: .Ql \&$$
522: expands to a single dollar
523: sign.
524: .It Va .MAKE
525: The name that
1.19 aaron 526: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 527: was executed with
1.14 aaron 528: .Pq Va argv Ns Op 0 .
1.1 deraadt 529: .It Va .CURDIR
530: A path to the directory where
1.19 aaron 531: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 532: was executed.
533: .It Va .OBJDIR
534: A path to the directory where the targets are built.
1.8 deraadt 535: At startup,
1.19 aaron 536: .Nm
1.8 deraadt 537: searches for an alternate directory to place target files -- it
538: will attempt to change into this special directory.
1.19 aaron 539: First, if
540: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
541: is defined,
542: .Nm
1.18 espie 543: prepends its contents to the current directory name and tries for
1.28 aaron 544: the resulting directory.
545: If that fails,
1.19 aaron 546: .Nm
1.18 espie 547: remains in the current directory.
1.19 aaron 548: If
1.15 espie 549: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1.18 espie 550: is not defined,
1.19 aaron 551: .Nm
1.18 espie 552: checks
1.19 aaron 553: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR
1.28 aaron 554: and tries to change into that directory.
555: Should that fail,
1.19 aaron 556: .Nm
1.28 aaron 557: remains in the current directory.
558: If
1.18 espie 559: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR
560: is not defined, it tries to change into the directory named
561: .Pa obj.${MACHINE}
1.19 aaron 562: (see
563: .Va MACHINE
1.28 aaron 564: variable).
565: If it still has found no special directory,
1.19 aaron 566: .Nm
1.18 espie 567: next tries the directory named
568: .Pa obj .
569: If this fails,
1.19 aaron 570: .Nm
571: tries to prepend
572: .Pa /usr/obj
573: to the current directory name.
1.18 espie 574: Finally, if none of these directories are available
1.19 aaron 575: .Nm
1.8 deraadt 576: will settle for and use the current directory.
1.15 espie 577: .It Va .MAKEFLAGS
1.1 deraadt 578: The environment variable
1.14 aaron 579: .Ev MAKEFLAGS
1.1 deraadt 580: may contain anything that
581: may be specified on
582: .Nm make Ns 's
1.28 aaron 583: command line.
584: Its contents are stored in
1.15 espie 585: .Nm make Ns 's
1.19 aaron 586: .Va .MAKEFLAGS
1.15 espie 587: variable.
1.40 espie 588: Anything specified on
1.1 deraadt 589: .Nm make Ns 's
590: command line is appended to the
1.15 espie 591: .Va .MAKEFLAGS
592: variable which is then
1.19 aaron 593: entered into the environment as
1.14 aaron 594: .Ev MAKEFLAGS
1.15 espie 595: for all programs which
1.19 aaron 596: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 597: executes.
1.15 espie 598: .It Va MFLAGS
1.19 aaron 599: A shorter synonym for
1.15 espie 600: .Va .MAKEFLAGS .
1.9 millert 601: .It Ev PWD
602: Alternate path to the current directory.
1.19 aaron 603: .Nm
1.9 millert 604: normally sets
605: .Ql Va .CURDIR
606: to the canonical path given by
607: .Xr getcwd 2 .
608: However, if the environment variable
1.14 aaron 609: .Ev PWD
1.9 millert 610: is set and gives a path to the current directory, then
1.19 aaron 611: .Nm
1.9 millert 612: sets
613: .Ql Va .CURDIR
614: to the value of
1.14 aaron 615: .Ev PWD
1.9 millert 616: instead.
1.14 aaron 617: .Ev PWD
1.15 espie 618: is always set to the value of
1.9 millert 619: .Ql Va .OBJDIR
620: for all programs which
1.19 aaron 621: .Nm
1.9 millert 622: executes.
1.15 espie 623: .It Va .TARGETS
1.19 aaron 624: List of targets
625: .Nm
1.18 espie 626: is currently building.
1.15 espie 627: .It Va .INCLUDES
1.19 aaron 628: See
1.18 espie 629: .Ic .INCLUDES
630: special target
1.15 espie 631: .It Va .LIBS
1.19 aaron 632: See
1.18 espie 633: .Ic .LIBS
634: special target
1.15 espie 635: .It Va MACHINE
1.19 aaron 636: Name of the machine architecture
637: .Nm
1.18 espie 638: is running on, obtained from the
639: .Ev MACHINE
1.19 aaron 640: environment variable, or through
1.44 ! deraadt 641: .Xr uname 3
1.18 espie 642: if not defined.
1.15 espie 643: .It Va MACHINE_ARCH
1.18 espie 644: Name of the machine architecture
1.19 aaron 645: .Nm
1.18 espie 646: was compiled for, obtained from the
1.19 aaron 647: .Ev MACHINE_ARCH
1.18 espie 648: environment variable, or defined at compilation time.
1.1 deraadt 649: .El
650: .Pp
651: Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
1.19 aaron 652: variable (where a
653: .Dq word
654: is whitespace delimited sequence of characters).
1.1 deraadt 655: The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
656: .Pp
657: .Dl {variable[:modifier[:...]]}
658: .Pp
659: Each modifier begins with a colon and one of the following
660: special characters.
661: The colon may be escaped with a backslash
662: .Pq Ql \e .
663: .Bl -tag -width Cm E\&
664: .It Cm E
665: Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
666: .It Cm H
667: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last component.
1.20 espie 668: .It Cm L
669: Replaces each word in the variable with its lower case equivalent.
670: .It Cm U
671: Replaces each word in the variable with its upper case equivalent.
1.1 deraadt 672: .It Cm M Ns Ar pattern
673: Select only those words that match the rest of the modifier.
674: The standard shell wildcard characters
675: .Pf ( Ql * ,
676: .Ql ? ,
677: and
678: .Ql Op )
679: may
680: be used.
681: The wildcard characters may be escaped with a backslash
682: .Pq Ql \e .
683: .It Cm N Ns Ar pattern
684: This is identical to
1.14 aaron 685: .Cm M ,
1.1 deraadt 686: but selects all words which do not match
687: the rest of the modifier.
1.10 millert 688: .It Cm Q
689: Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be passed
690: safely through recursive invocations of
1.14 aaron 691: .Nm make .
1.1 deraadt 692: .It Cm R
693: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
694: .Sm off
1.10 millert 695: .It Cm S No \&/ Ar old_string Xo
696: .No \&/ Ar new_string
697: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
1.1 deraadt 698: .Xc
699: .Sm on
700: Modify the first occurrence of
1.10 millert 701: .Ar old_string
702: in the variable's value, replacing it with
703: .Ar new_string .
1.1 deraadt 704: If a
705: .Ql g
706: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, all occurrences
707: in each word are replaced.
1.10 millert 708: If a
709: .Ql 1
710: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first word
711: is affected.
1.1 deraadt 712: If
1.10 millert 713: .Ar old_string
714: begins with a caret
1.1 deraadt 715: .Pq Ql ^ ,
1.10 millert 716: .Ar old_string
1.1 deraadt 717: is anchored at the beginning of each word.
718: If
1.10 millert 719: .Ar old_string
1.1 deraadt 720: ends with a dollar sign
721: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
722: it is anchored at the end of each word.
723: Inside
724: .Ar new_string ,
725: an ampersand
726: .Pq Ql &
727: is replaced by
1.10 millert 728: .Ar old_string
729: (without any
730: .Ql ^
731: or
732: .Ql \&$ ) .
1.1 deraadt 733: Any character may be used as a delimiter for the parts of the modifier
734: string.
735: The anchoring, ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a
736: backslash
737: .Pq Ql \e .
738: .Pp
739: Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
740: .Ar old_string
741: and
742: .Ar new_string
743: with the single exception that a backslash is used to prevent the expansion
744: of a dollar sign
1.10 millert 745: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
1.1 deraadt 746: not a preceding dollar sign as is usual.
1.10 millert 747: .Sm off
748: .It Cm C No \&/ Ar pattern Xo
749: .No \&/ Ar replacement
750: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
751: .Xc
752: .Sm on
753: The
754: .Cm C
755: modifier is just like the
756: .Cm S
1.13 deraadt 757: modifier except that the old and new strings, instead of being
1.10 millert 758: simple strings, are a regular expression (see
759: .Xr regex 3 )
760: and an
761: .Xr ed 1 Ns \-style
1.28 aaron 762: replacement string.
763: Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern in
764: each word of the value is changed.
765: The
1.10 millert 766: .Ql 1
767: modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one word; the
768: .Ql g
769: modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many instances of the
1.28 aaron 770: search pattern as occur in the word or words it is found in.
771: Note that
1.10 millert 772: .Ql 1
773: and
774: .Ql g
775: are orthogonal; the former specifies whether multiple words are
776: potentially affected, the latter whether multiple substitutions can
777: potentially occur within each affected word.
1.1 deraadt 778: .It Cm T
779: Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
1.39 aaron 780: .It Ar old_string Ns No = Ns Ar new_string
1.1 deraadt 781: This is the
782: .At V
783: style variable substitution.
784: It must be the last modifier specified.
1.9 millert 785: If
1.1 deraadt 786: .Ar old_string
787: or
788: .Ar new_string
789: do not contain the pattern matching character
790: .Ar %
1.9 millert 791: then it is assumed that they are
1.1 deraadt 792: anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or entire
1.28 aaron 793: words may be replaced.
794: Otherwise
1.1 deraadt 795: .Ar %
1.9 millert 796: is the substring of
797: .Ar old_string
1.1 deraadt 798: to be replaced in
799: .Ar new_string
800: .El
801: .Sh INCLUDE STATEMENTS, CONDITIONALS AND FOR LOOPS
1.28 aaron 802: Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent
1.1 deraadt 803: of the C programming language are provided in
804: .Nm make .
805: All such structures are identified by a line beginning with a single
806: dot
807: .Pq Ql \&.
808: character.
809: Files are included with either
810: .Ql .include <file>
811: or
812: .Ql .include \*qfile\*q .
813: Variables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded
814: to form the file name.
815: If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is expected to be in
816: the system makefile directory.
817: If double quotes are used, the including makefile's directory and any
818: directories specified using the
819: .Fl I
820: option are searched before the system
821: makefile directory.
822: .Pp
823: Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
824: character of a line.
825: The possible conditionals are as follows:
826: .Bl -tag -width Ds
827: .It Ic .undef Ar variable
828: Un-define the specified global variable.
829: Only global variables may be un-defined.
830: .It Xo
831: .Ic \&.if
832: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar expression
833: .Op Ar operator expression ...
834: .Xc
835: Test the value of an expression.
836: .It Xo
837: .Ic .ifdef
838: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
839: .Op Ar operator variable ...
840: .Xc
841: Test the value of a variable.
842: .It Xo
843: .Ic .ifndef
844: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
845: .Op Ar operator variable ...
846: .Xc
847: Test the value of a variable.
848: .It Xo
849: .Ic .ifmake
850: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
851: .Op Ar operator target ...
852: .Xc
853: Test the target being built.
854: .It Xo
855: .Ic .ifnmake
856: .Oo \&! Oc Ar target
857: .Op Ar operator target ...
858: .Xc
859: Test the target being built.
860: .It Ic .else
861: Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
862: .It Xo
863: .Ic .elif
864: .Oo \&! Oc Ar expression
865: .Op Ar operator expression ...
866: .Xc
867: A combination of
868: .Ql Ic .else
869: followed by
870: .Ql Ic .if .
871: .It Xo
872: .Ic .elifdef
873: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
874: .Op Ar operator variable ...
875: .Xc
876: A combination of
877: .Ql Ic .else
878: followed by
879: .Ql Ic .ifdef .
880: .It Xo
881: .Ic .elifndef
882: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
883: .Op Ar operator variable ...
884: .Xc
885: A combination of
886: .Ql Ic .else
887: followed by
888: .Ql Ic .ifndef .
889: .It Xo
890: .Ic .elifmake
891: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
892: .Op Ar operator target ...
893: .Xc
894: A combination of
895: .Ql Ic .else
896: followed by
897: .Ql Ic .ifmake .
898: .It Xo
899: .Ic .elifnmake
900: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
901: .Op Ar operator target ...
902: .Xc
903: A combination of
904: .Ql Ic .else
905: followed by
906: .Ql Ic .ifnmake .
907: .It Ic .endif
908: End the body of the conditional.
909: .El
910: .Pp
911: The
912: .Ar operator
913: may be any one of the following:
914: .Bl -tag -width "Cm XX"
915: .It Cm \&|\&|
916: logical OR
917: .It Cm \&&&
918: Logical
919: .Tn AND ;
920: of higher precedence than
921: .Dq .
922: .El
923: .Pp
924: As in C,
1.19 aaron 925: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 926: will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to determine
927: its value.
1.9 millert 928: Parentheses may be used to change the order of evaluation.
1.1 deraadt 929: The boolean operator
930: .Ql Ic \&!
931: may be used to logically negate an entire
932: conditional.
933: It is of higher precedence than
934: .Ql Ic \&&& .
935: .Pp
936: The value of
937: .Ar expression
938: may be any of the following:
939: .Bl -tag -width Ic defined
940: .It Ic defined
941: Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if the variable
942: has been defined.
943: .It Ic make
944: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
945: was specified as part of
946: .Nm make Ns 's
947: command line or was declared the default target (either implicitly or
948: explicitly, see
949: .Va .MAIN )
950: before the line containing the conditional.
951: .It Ic empty
952: Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true if
953: the expansion of the variable would result in an empty string.
954: .It Ic exists
955: Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the file exists.
956: The file is searched for on the system search path (see
957: .Va .PATH ) .
958: .It Ic target
959: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
960: has been defined.
961: .El
962: .Pp
1.14 aaron 963: .Ar expression
1.28 aaron 964: may also be an arithmetic or string comparison.
965: Variable expansion is
1.1 deraadt 966: performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the integral
1.28 aaron 967: values are compared.
968: A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if it is
1.1 deraadt 969: preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not supported.
1.28 aaron 970: The standard C relational operators are all supported.
971: If after
1.1 deraadt 972: variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a
973: .Ql Ic ==
974: or
975: .Ql Ic "!="
976: operator is not an integral value, then
977: string comparison is performed between the expanded
978: variables.
979: If no relational operator is given, it is assumed that the expanded
980: variable is being compared against 0.
981: .Pp
982: When
1.19 aaron 983: .Nm
1.14 aaron 984: is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it encounters
1.19 aaron 985: a word it doesn't recognize, either the
986: .Dq make
987: or
988: .Dq defined
1.1 deraadt 989: expression is applied to it, depending on the form of the conditional.
990: If the form is
991: .Ql Ic .ifdef
992: or
993: .Ql Ic .ifndef ,
1.19 aaron 994: the
995: .Dq defined
996: expression is applied.
1.1 deraadt 997: Similarly, if the form is
998: .Ql Ic .ifmake
999: or
1.14 aaron 1000: .Ql Ic .ifnmake ,
1.19 aaron 1001: the
1002: .Dq make
1.1 deraadt 1003: expression is applied.
1004: .Pp
1005: If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile continues
1006: as before.
1007: If it evaluates to false, the following lines are skipped.
1008: In both cases this continues until a
1009: .Ql Ic .else
1010: or
1011: .Ql Ic .endif
1012: is found.
1.9 millert 1013: .Pp
1.1 deraadt 1014: For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1015: The syntax of a for loop is:
1016: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1017: .It Xo
1018: .Ic \&.for
1.9 millert 1019: .Ar variable
1.41 espie 1020: .Op Ar variable ...
1.9 millert 1021: .Ic in
1.1 deraadt 1022: .Ar expression
1023: .Xc
1024: .It Xo
1025: <make-rules>
1026: .Xc
1027: .It Xo
1028: .Ic \&.endfor
1029: .Xc
1030: .El
1031: After the for
1.14 aaron 1032: .Ar expression
1.28 aaron 1033: is evaluated, it is split into words.
1.41 espie 1034: On each iteration of the loop, one word is assigned to each
1035: .Ar variable ,
1036: in order,
1037: and these
1038: .Ar variables
1039: are substituted in the
1.9 millert 1040: .Ic make-rules
1.1 deraadt 1041: inside the body of the for loop.
1.41 espie 1042: The number of words must match the number of iteration variables;
1043: that is, if there are three iteration variables, the number of words
1044: must be a multiple a three.
1.1 deraadt 1045: .Sh COMMENTS
1046: Comments begin with a hash
1047: .Pq Ql \&#
1048: character, anywhere but in a shell
1049: command line, and continue to the end of the line.
1050: .Sh SPECIAL SOURCES
1051: .Bl -tag -width Ic .IGNORE
1052: .It Ic .IGNORE
1053: Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this target, exactly
1054: as if they all were preceded by a dash
1055: .Pq Ql \- .
1.10 millert 1056: .It Ic .MADE
1.19 aaron 1057: Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1.1 deraadt 1058: .It Ic .MAKE
1059: Execute the commands associated with this target even if the
1060: .Fl n
1061: or
1062: .Fl t
1063: options were specified.
1064: Normally used to mark recursive
1065: .Nm make Ns 's .
1066: .It Ic .NOTMAIN
1067: Normally
1.19 aaron 1068: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1069: selects the first target it encounters as the default target to be built
1070: if no target was specified.
1071: This source prevents this target from being selected.
1072: .It Ic .OPTIONAL
1073: If a target is marked with this attribute and
1.19 aaron 1074: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1075: can't figure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1076: the file isn't needed or already exists.
1077: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1078: When
1.19 aaron 1079: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1080: is interrupted, it removes any partially made targets.
1081: This source prevents the target from being removed.
1082: .It Ic .SILENT
1083: Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target, exactly
1084: as if they all were preceded by an at sign
1085: .Pq Ql @ .
1086: .It Ic .USE
1087: Turn the target into
1.14 aaron 1088: .Nm make Ns 's
1.1 deraadt 1089: version of a macro.
1090: When the target is used as a source for another target, the other target
1091: acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1092: .Ic .USE )
1093: of the
1094: source.
1095: If the target already has commands, the
1096: .Ic .USE
1097: target's commands are appended
1098: to them.
1.4 deraadt 1099: .It Ic .WAIT
1100: If special
1101: .Ic .WAIT
1102: source is appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede it are
1.28 aaron 1103: made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1104: Loops are not being
1.4 deraadt 1105: detected and targets that form loops will be silently ignored.
1.1 deraadt 1106: .El
1107: .Sh "SPECIAL TARGETS"
1.29 aaron 1108: Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e., they must be
1.1 deraadt 1109: the only target specified.
1110: .Bl -tag -width Ic .BEGIN
1111: .It Ic .BEGIN
1112: Any command lines attached to this target are executed before anything
1113: else is done.
1114: .It Ic .DEFAULT
1115: This is sort of a
1116: .Ic .USE
1117: rule for any target (that was used only as a
1118: source) that
1.19 aaron 1119: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1120: can't figure out any other way to create.
1121: Only the shell script is used.
1122: The
1123: .Ic .IMPSRC
1124: variable of a target that inherits
1125: .Ic .DEFAULT Ns 's
1126: commands is set
1127: to the target's own name.
1128: .It Ic .END
1129: Any command lines attached to this target are executed after everything
1130: else is done.
1131: .It Ic .IGNORE
1132: Mark each of the sources with the
1133: .Ic .IGNORE
1134: attribute.
1135: If no sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1136: .Fl i
1137: option.
1.18 espie 1138: .It Ic .INCLUDES
1139: A list of suffixes that indicate files that can be included in a source
1.28 aaron 1140: file.
1141: The suffix must have already been declared with
1.18 espie 1142: .Ic .SUFFIXES ,
1143: any suffix so declared will have the directories on its search path (see
1144: .Ic .PATH )
1.19 aaron 1145: placed in the
1.18 espie 1146: .Va .INCLUDES
1.19 aaron 1147: special variable, each preceded by a
1148: .Fl I
1.18 espie 1149: flag.
1.1 deraadt 1150: .It Ic .INTERRUPT
1151: If
1.19 aaron 1152: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1153: is interrupted, the commands for this target will be executed.
1.18 espie 1154: .It Ic .LIBS
1.19 aaron 1155: This does for libraries what
1156: .Ic .INCLUDES
1.18 espie 1157: does for include files, except that the flag used is
1158: .Fl L .
1.1 deraadt 1159: .It Ic .MAIN
1160: If no target is specified when
1.19 aaron 1161: .Nm
1.28 aaron 1162: is invoked, this target will be built.
1163: This is always set, either
1.19 aaron 1164: explicitly, or implicitly when
1165: .Nm
1.16 espie 1166: selects the default target, to give the user a way to refer to the default
1167: target on the command line.
1.1 deraadt 1168: .It Ic .MAKEFLAGS
1169: This target provides a way to specify flags for
1.19 aaron 1170: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1171: when the makefile is used.
1172: The flags are as if typed to the shell, though the
1173: .Fl f
1174: option will have
1175: no effect.
1.4 deraadt 1176: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1177: .\" .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1178: .\" The named targets are executed in non parallel mode. If no targets are
1179: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in non parallel mode.
1180: .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1181: Disable parallel mode.
1182: .It Ic .NO_PARALLEL
1183: Same as above, for compatibility with other pmake variants.
1184: .It Ic .ORDER
1185: The named targets are made in sequence.
1186: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1187: .\" .It Ic .PARALLEL
1188: .\" The named targets are executed in parallel mode. If no targets are
1189: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in parallel mode.
1.1 deraadt 1190: .It Ic .PATH
1191: The sources are directories which are to be searched for files not
1192: found in the current directory.
1193: If no sources are specified, any previously specified directories are
1194: deleted.
1.18 espie 1195: .It Ic .PATH\fIsuffix\fR
1196: The sources are directories which are to be searched for suffixed files
1197: not found in the current directory.
1.19 aaron 1198: .Nm
1199: first searches the suffixed search path, before reverting to the default
1.18 espie 1200: path if the file is not found there.
1.6 niklas 1201: .It Ic .PHONY
1202: Apply the
1203: .Ic .PHONY
1.28 aaron 1204: attribute to any specified sources.
1205: Targets with this attribute are always
1.6 niklas 1206: considered to be out of date.
1.1 deraadt 1207: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1208: Apply the
1209: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1210: attribute to any specified sources.
1211: If no sources are specified, the
1212: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1213: attribute is applied to every
1214: target in the file.
1215: .It Ic .SILENT
1216: Apply the
1217: .Ic .SILENT
1218: attribute to any specified sources.
1219: If no sources are specified, the
1220: .Ic .SILENT
1221: attribute is applied to every
1222: command in the file.
1223: .It Ic .SUFFIXES
1224: Each source specifies a suffix to
1225: .Nm make .
1226: If no sources are specified, any previous specified suffices are deleted.
1.35 aaron 1227: .El
1.1 deraadt 1228: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
1.19 aaron 1229: .Nm
1.15 espie 1230: uses the following environment variables, if they exist:
1.9 millert 1231: .Ev MACHINE ,
1.15 espie 1232: .Ev MACHINE_ARCH ,
1.9 millert 1233: .Ev MAKEFLAGS ,
1234: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR ,
1.15 espie 1235: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX ,
1.1 deraadt 1236: and
1.9 millert 1237: .Ev PWD .
1.30 espie 1238: .Nm
1.31 aaron 1239: also ignores and unsets
1.30 espie 1240: .Ev CDPATH .
1.1 deraadt 1241: .Sh FILES
1242: .Bl -tag -width /usr/share/mk -compact
1.14 aaron 1243: .It Pa .depend
1.1 deraadt 1244: list of dependencies
1.15 espie 1245: .It Pa BSDmakefile
1246: list of dependencies
1.14 aaron 1247: .It Pa Makefile
1.1 deraadt 1248: list of dependencies
1.14 aaron 1249: .It Pa makefile
1.1 deraadt 1250: list of dependencies
1.14 aaron 1251: .It Pa sys.mk
1.1 deraadt 1252: system makefile
1.14 aaron 1253: .It Pa /usr/share/mk
1.1 deraadt 1254: system makefile directory
1.15 espie 1255: .IT Pa /usr/obj
1.19 aaron 1256: default
1.15 espie 1257: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX directory.
1.1 deraadt 1258: .El
1.37 aaron 1259: .Sh SEE ALSO
1260: .Xr mkdep 1
1261: .Pp
1262: .%T "Make \- A Tutorial" .
1263: .Sh COMPATIBILITY
1.43 espie 1264: .Nm
1265: mostly conforms to the Single Unix Specification, Version 2,
1266: with some noted extensions and a few problems.
1267: .Pp
1.37 aaron 1268: Older versions of
1269: .Nm
1270: used
1271: .Ev MAKE
1272: instead of
1273: .Ev MAKEFLAGS .
1274: This was removed for POSIX compatibility.
1275: The internal variable
1276: .Va MAKE
1277: is set to the same value as
1278: .Va .MAKE ,
1279: support for this may be removed in the future.
1280: .Pp
1281: Most of the more esoteric features of
1282: .Nm
1283: should probably be avoided for greater compatibility.
1284: .Sh HISTORY
1285: A
1286: .Nm
1287: command appeared in
1288: .At v7 .
1.17 espie 1289: .Sh BUGS
1.18 espie 1290: The determination of
1291: .Va .OBJDIR
1.19 aaron 1292: is contorted to the point of absurdity.
1.18 espie 1293: .Pp
1.27 espie 1294: If you specify the same target several times in normal dependency rules,
1.31 aaron 1295: .Nm
1.27 espie 1296: silently ignores all commands after the first non empty set of commands,
1.31 aaron 1297: e.g., in
1.27 espie 1298: .Bd -literal
1299: a:
1300: @echo "Executed"
1301: a:
1302: @echo "Bad luck"
1303: .Ed
1304: .Pp
1305: @echo "Bad luck" will be silently ignored.
1.18 espie 1306: .Pp
1307: .Va .TARGETS
1308: is not set to the default target when
1.19 aaron 1309: .Nm
1.18 espie 1310: is invoked without a target name and no
1.19 aaron 1311: .Ic MAIN
1.18 espie 1312: special target exists.
1313: .Pp
1.17 espie 1314: The evaluation of
1315: .Ar expression
1.28 aaron 1316: in a test is very simple-minded.
1317: Currently, the only form that works is
1.17 espie 1318: .Ql .if ${VAR} op something
1319: For instance, you should write tests as
1320: .Ql .if ${VAR} = "string"
1321: not the other way around, which doesn't work.
1322: .Pp
1323: For loops are expanded before tests, so a fragment such as:
1324: .Bd -literal
1325: \&.for TMACHINE in ${SHARED_ARCHS}
1326: \&.if ${TMACHINE} = ${MACHINE}
1327: ...
1328: \&.endif
1.32 ericj 1329: \&.endfor
1.17 espie 1330: .Ed
1.25 espie 1331: .Pp
1.17 espie 1332: won't work, and should be rewritten the other way around.
1.21 espie 1333: .Pp
1.31 aaron 1334: When handling pre-BSD 4.4 archives,
1.21 espie 1335: .Nm
1336: may erroneously mark archive members as out of date if the archive name
1337: was truncated.
1.26 espie 1338: .Pp
1.25 espie 1339: The handling of ; and other special characters in tests may be utterly
1.28 aaron 1340: bogus.
1341: For instance, in
1.25 espie 1342: .Bd -literal
1343: \&A=abcd;c.c
1344: \&.if ${A:R} == "abcd;c"
1345: .Ed
1346: .Pp
1347: the test will never match, even though the value is correct.
1.26 espie 1348: .Pp
1.28 aaron 1349: The conditional handler is incredibly lame.
1350: Junk such as
1.26 espie 1351: .Bd -literal
1352: \&.if defined anything goes (A)
1353: .Ed
1354: .Pp
1355: will be accepted silently.
1.25 espie 1356: .Pp
1357: In a .for loop, only the variable value is used, assignments will be
1358: evaluated later, e.g., in
1359: .Bd -literal
1360: \&.for I in a b c d
1361: I:=${I:S/a/z}
1362: A+=$I
1363: \&.endfor
1364: .Ed
1365: A will evaluate to a b c d after the loop, not z b c d.
1.33 espie 1366: .Pp
1367: The
1368: .Ql +
1369: command modificator is ignored in parallel make mode.
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