Annotation of src/usr.bin/make/make.1, Revision 1.53
1.53 ! jmc 1: .\" $OpenBSD: make.1,v 1.52 2003/06/10 09:12:11 jmc Exp $
1.40 espie 2: .\" $OpenPackages$
1.10 millert 3: .\" $NetBSD: make.1,v 1.18 1997/03/10 21:19:53 christos Exp $
1.7 briggs 4: .\"
1.9 millert 5: .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
6: .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
1.1 deraadt 7: .\"
8: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10: .\" are met:
11: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
1.51 millert 16: .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
1.1 deraadt 17: .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18: .\" without specific prior written permission.
19: .\"
20: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21: .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23: .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24: .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25: .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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1.9 millert 32: .\" from: @(#)make.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/19/94
1.1 deraadt 33: .\"
1.9 millert 34: .Dd March 19, 1994
1.1 deraadt 35: .Dt MAKE 1
36: .Os
37: .Sh NAME
38: .Nm make
39: .Nd maintain program dependencies
40: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.19 aaron 41: .Nm make
1.15 espie 42: .Op Fl BPSeiknqrst
1.1 deraadt 43: .Op Fl D Ar variable
44: .Op Fl d Ar flags
45: .Op Fl f Ar makefile
46: .Op Fl I Ar directory
47: .Op Fl j Ar max_jobs
1.5 niklas 48: .Op Fl m Ar directory
1.9 millert 49: .Op Fl V Ar variable
1.19 aaron 50: .Op Ar variable Ns No = Ns Ar value
1.50 jmc 51: .Bk -words
1.1 deraadt 52: .Op Ar target ...
1.50 jmc 53: .Ek
1.1 deraadt 54: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.19 aaron 55: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 56: is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs.
57: Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which programs
58: and other files depend.
59: If the file
1.40 espie 60: .Ql Pa BSDmakefile
1.12 niklas 61: exists, it is read for this list of specifications.
62: If it does not exist, the files
1.40 espie 63: .Ql Pa makefile
1.12 niklas 64: and
1.40 espie 65: .Ql Pa Makefile
1.12 niklas 66: are tried in order.
1.1 deraadt 67: If the file
1.40 espie 68: .Ql Pa .depend
69: exists, it is read in addition to the makefile (see
1.42 mpech 70: .Xr mkdep 1 ) .
1.1 deraadt 71: .Pp
1.43 espie 72: The handling of
73: .Ql Pa BSDmakefile
74: and
75: .Ql Pa .depend
76: are BSD extensions.
77: .Pp
78: Standard options are as follows:
79: .Bl -tag -width Ds
80: .It Fl e
81: Specify that environment variables override macro assignments within
82: makefiles.
83: .It Fl f Ar makefile
84: Specify a makefile to read instead of the default
85: .Ql Pa makefile
86: and
87: .Ql Pa Makefile .
88: If
89: .Ar makefile
90: is
91: .Ql \- ,
92: standard input is read.
93: Multiple makefiles may be specified, and are read in the order specified.
94: .It Fl i
95: Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile.
96: Equivalent to specifying
97: .Ql \-
98: before each command line in the makefile.
99: .It Fl k
100: Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on those targets
101: that do not depend on the target whose creation caused the error.
102: .It Fl n
103: Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not actually
104: execute them.
105: .It Fl q
1.50 jmc 106: Do not execute any commands, but exit with status 0 if the specified targets
1.43 espie 107: are up-to-date, and 1 otherwise.
108: .It Fl r
109: Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
110: .It Fl S
111: Stop processing when an error is encountered.
112: This is the default behavior.
113: This is needed to negate the
114: .Fl k
115: option during recursive builds.
116: .It Fl s
117: Do not echo commands as they are executed.
118: Equivalent to specifying
119: .Ql Ic @
120: before each command line in the makefile.
121: .It Fl t
122: Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile, create it
123: or update its modification time to make it appear up-to-date.
124: .It Ar variable Ns No = Ns Ar value
125: Set the value of the variable
126: .Ar variable
127: to
128: .Ar value .
129: .El
1.1 deraadt 130: .Pp
1.43 espie 131: Extended options are as follows:
1.1 deraadt 132: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.9 millert 133: .It Fl B
1.3 deraadt 134: Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per command and
135: by executing the commands to make the sources of a dependency line in sequence.
1.15 espie 136: This is turned on by default unless
137: .Fl j
138: is used.
1.1 deraadt 139: .It Fl D Ar variable
140: Define
141: .Ar variable
1.40 espie 142: to be 1.
1.1 deraadt 143: .It Fl d Ar flags
144: Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of
1.19 aaron 145: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 146: are to print debugging information.
1.14 aaron 147: .Ar flags
1.1 deraadt 148: is one or more of the following:
149: .Bl -tag -width Ds
150: .It Ar A
151: Print all possible debugging information;
152: equivalent to specifying all of the debugging flags.
153: .It Ar a
154: Print debugging information about archive searching and caching.
155: .It Ar c
156: Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
157: .It Ar d
158: Print debugging information about directory searching and caching.
1.15 espie 159: .It Ar f
1.40 espie 160: Print debugging information about the expansion of for loops.
1.1 deraadt 161: .It Ar "g1"
162: Print the input graph before making anything.
163: .It Ar "g2"
164: Print the input graph after making everything, or before exiting
165: on error.
166: .It Ar j
167: Print debugging information about running multiple shells.
1.40 espie 168: .It Ar l
169: Print commands in Makefile targets regardless of whether or not they are
170: prefixed by @.
171: Also known as loud behavior.
1.1 deraadt 172: .It Ar m
173: Print debugging information about making targets, including modification
174: dates.
175: .It Ar s
176: Print debugging information about suffix-transformation rules.
177: .It Ar t
178: Print debugging information about target list maintenance.
179: .It Ar v
180: Print debugging information about variable assignment.
181: .El
182: .It Fl I Ar directory
183: Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included makefiles.
1.5 niklas 184: The system makefile directory (or directories, see the
185: .Fl m
186: option) is automatically included as part of this list.
1.1 deraadt 187: .It Fl j Ar max_jobs
188: Specify the maximum number of jobs that
1.19 aaron 189: .Nm
1.28 aaron 190: may have running at any one time.
191: Turns compatibility mode off, unless the
1.3 deraadt 192: .Ar B
193: flag is also specified.
1.5 niklas 194: .It Fl m Ar directory
1.50 jmc 195: Specify a directory in which to search for
196: .Pa sys.mk
1.40 espie 197: and makefiles included
1.28 aaron 198: via the <...> style.
199: Multiple directories can be added to form a search path.
1.14 aaron 200: This path will override the default system include path:
201: .Pa /usr/share/mk .
202: Furthermore, the system include path will be appended to the search path used
1.5 niklas 203: for "..."-style inclusions (see the
204: .Fl I
205: option).
1.15 espie 206: .It Fl P
1.19 aaron 207: Collate the output of a given job and display it only when the job finishes,
208: instead of mixing the output of parallel jobs together.
209: This option has no effect unless
1.15 espie 210: .Fl j
211: is used too.
1.9 millert 212: .It Fl V Ar variable
213: Print
214: .Nm make Ns 's
215: idea of the value of
1.40 espie 216: .Ar variable .
1.9 millert 217: Do not build any targets.
218: Multiple instances of this option may be specified;
219: the variables will be printed one per line,
220: with a blank line for each null or undefined variable.
1.1 deraadt 221: .El
222: .Pp
223: There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
224: specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
225: conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
1.43 espie 226: Of these, include statements, conditional directives and for loops are
227: extensions.
1.1 deraadt 228: .Pp
229: In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
230: them with a backslash
231: .Pq Ql \e .
232: The trailing newline character and initial whitespace on the following
233: line are compressed into a single space.
234: .Sh FILE DEPENDENCY SPECIFICATIONS
235: Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero
236: or more sources.
1.19 aaron 237: This creates a relationship where the targets
238: .Dq depend
239: on the sources
1.1 deraadt 240: and are usually created from them.
241: The exact relationship between the target and the source is determined
242: by the operator that separates them.
1.43 espie 243: Note that the use of several targets is merely a shorthand for duplicate
1.50 jmc 244: rules.
1.43 espie 245: Specifically,
246: .Bd -literal
247: target1 target2: depa depb
248: cmd1
249: cmd2
250: .Ed
251: is just a short form of
252: .Bd -literal
253: target1: depa depb
254: cmd1
255: cmd2
256: target2: depa depb
257: cmd1
258: cmd2
259: .Ed
260: .Pp
261: .Nm
262: does not support Solaris syntax for true multiple targets:
263: .Bd -literal
264: target1 + target2: depa depb
265: cmd1
266: cmd2
267: .Ed
268: .Pp
1.40 espie 269: The operators are as follows:
1.1 deraadt 270: .Bl -tag -width flag
271: .It Ic \&:
272: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less than
273: those of any of its sources.
274: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
275: is used.
276: The target is removed if
1.19 aaron 277: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 278: is interrupted.
279: .It Ic \&!
280: Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
281: examined and re-created as necessary.
282: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
283: is used.
284: The target is removed if
1.19 aaron 285: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 286: is interrupted.
287: .It Ic \&::
288: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created.
289: Otherwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources has
290: been modified more recently than the target.
291: Sources for a target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this
292: operator is used.
293: The target will not be removed if
1.19 aaron 294: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 295: is interrupted.
296: .El
297: .Pp
1.43 espie 298: The
299: .Ic \&::
300: operator is a fairly standard extension.
301: The
302: .Ic \&!
303: operator is a BSD extension.
304: .Pp
1.50 jmc 305: As an extension, targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard
1.43 espie 306: expressions
1.1 deraadt 307: .Ql ? ,
308: .Ql * ,
309: .Ql []
310: and
311: .Ql {} .
1.15 espie 312: The expressions
1.1 deraadt 313: .Ql ? ,
314: .Ql *
315: and
316: .Ql []
317: may only be used as part of the final
318: component of the target or source, and must be used to describe existing
319: files.
1.15 espie 320: The expression
1.1 deraadt 321: .Ql {}
322: need not necessarily be used to describe existing files.
323: Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as done in the shell.
1.43 espie 324: .Pp
325: For maximum portability, target names should only consist of periods,
326: underscores, digits and alphabetic characters.
1.1 deraadt 327: .Sh SHELL COMMANDS
328: Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, normally
329: used to create the target.
330: Each of the commands in this script
331: .Em must
332: be preceded by a tab.
333: While any target may appear on a dependency line, only one of these
334: dependencies may be followed by a creation script, unless the
335: .Ql Ic ::
336: operator is used.
337: .Pp
1.34 espie 338: If a command line begins with a combination of the characters,
1.33 espie 339: .Ql Ic @ ,
1.50 jmc 340: .Ql Ic \-
1.1 deraadt 341: and/or
1.33 espie 342: .Ql Ic + ,
1.1 deraadt 343: the command is treated specially.
1.33 espie 344: .Bl -tag -width `@'
345: .It Ql Ic @
1.1 deraadt 346: causes the command not to be echoed before it is executed.
1.33 espie 347: .It Ql Ic \-
1.1 deraadt 348: causes any non-zero exit status of the command line to be ignored.
1.33 espie 349: .It Ql Ic +
350: causes the command to be executed even if
351: .Fl n
352: has been specified (This can be useful to debug recursive Makefiles).
353: .El
1.43 espie 354: .Pp
1.50 jmc 355: The command is always executed using
1.43 espie 356: .Pa /bin/sh
357: in
358: .Qq set -e
359: mode.
1.1 deraadt 360: .Sh VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS
1.14 aaron 361: Variables in
1.19 aaron 362: .Nm
1.14 aaron 363: are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradition,
1.1 deraadt 364: consist of all upper-case letters.
1.43 espie 365: For portability, only periods, underscores, digits and letters should be
366: used for variable names.
1.1 deraadt 367: The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
368: follows:
369: .Bl -tag -width Ds
370: .It Ic \&=
371: Assign the value to the variable.
372: Any previous value is overridden.
1.43 espie 373: .It Ic \&:=
374: Assign with expansion, i.e., expand the value before assigning it
375: to the variable (extension)
1.1 deraadt 376: .It Ic \&+=
1.43 espie 377: Append the value to the current value of the variable (extension).
1.1 deraadt 378: .It Ic \&?=
1.43 espie 379: Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined (BSD
380: extension).
1.1 deraadt 381: Normally, expansion is not done until the variable is referenced.
382: .It Ic \&!=
383: Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and assign
384: the result to the variable.
1.43 espie 385: Any newlines in the result are replaced with spaces (BSD extension).
1.1 deraadt 386: .El
387: .Pp
1.14 aaron 388: Any whitespace before the assigned
1.1 deraadt 389: .Ar value
390: is removed; if the value is being appended, a single space is inserted
391: between the previous contents of the variable and the appended value.
392: .Pp
393: Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either
394: curly braces
395: .Pq Ql {}
396: or parentheses
397: .Pq Ql ()
398: and preceding it with
399: a dollar sign
400: .Pq Ql \&$ .
401: If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surrounding
402: braces or parentheses are not required.
403: This shorter form is not recommended.
404: .Pp
405: Variable substitution occurs at two distinct times, depending on where
406: the variable is being used.
407: Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
408: Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
409: executed.
410: .Pp
411: The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing precedence)
412: are:
413: .Bl -tag -width Ds
414: .It Environment variables
415: Variables defined as part of
416: .Nm make Ns 's
417: environment.
418: .It Global variables
419: Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
420: .It Command line variables
421: Variables defined as part of the command line.
422: .It Local variables
423: Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
1.43 espie 424: Standard local variables are as follows:
1.1 deraadt 425: .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
1.43 espie 426: .It Va @
427: The name of the target.
428: .It Va \&%
429: The name of the archive member (only valid for library rules).
430: .It Va \&!
431: The name of the archive file (only valid for library rules).
432: .It Va \&?
433: The list of prerequisites for this target that were deemed out-of-date.
434: .It Va \&<
435: The name of the source from which this target is to be built, if a valid
436: implied rule (suffix rule) is in scope.
437: .It Va *
438: The file prefix of the file, containing only the file portion,
439: no suffix or preceding directory components.
440: .El
441: .Pp
442: The six variables
443: .Ql Va "@F" ,
444: .Ql Va "@D" ,
445: .Ql Va "<F" ,
446: .Ql Va "<D" ,
447: .Ql Va "*F" ,
448: and
449: .Ql Va "*D"
450: yield the
451: .Qq filename
452: and
453: .Qq directory
454: parts of the corresponding macros.
455: .Pp
456: For maximum compatibility,
457: .Ql Va \&<
458: should only be used for actual implied rules.
459: It is also set when there is an implied rule that matches the current
460: dependency in scope. That is, in
461: .Bd -literal
462: \&.SUFFIXES: .c.o
463: file.o: file.c
464: cmd1 $<
465:
466: \&.c.o:
467: cmd2
468: .Ed
469: building
470: .Pa file.o
471: will execute
472: .Qq cmd1 file.c .
473: .Pp
474: As an extension,
475: .Nm
1.47 jsyn 476: supports the following local variables:
1.43 espie 477: .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
478: .It Va \&>
479: The list of all sources for this target.
1.1 deraadt 480: .It Va .ALLSRC
1.43 espie 481: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 482: .Ql Va \&> .
483: .It Va .ARCHIVE
1.43 espie 484: Synonym for
1.15 espie 485: .Ql Va \&! .
1.1 deraadt 486: .It Va .IMPSRC
1.43 espie 487: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 488: .Ql Va \&< .
489: .It Va .MEMBER
1.43 espie 490: Synonym for
1.15 espie 491: .Ql Va \&% .
1.1 deraadt 492: .It Va .OODATE
1.43 espie 493: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 494: .Ql Va \&? .
495: .It Va .PREFIX
1.43 espie 496: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 497: .Ql Va * .
498: .It Va .TARGET
1.43 espie 499: Synonym for
1.1 deraadt 500: .Ql Va @ .
501: .El
502: .Pp
1.43 espie 503: These variables may be used on the dependency half of dependency
504: lines, when they make sense.
1.15 espie 505: .El
1.1 deraadt 506: .Pp
507: In addition,
1.19 aaron 508: .Nm
509: sets or knows about the following internal variables, or environment
1.15 espie 510: variables:
1.1 deraadt 511: .Bl -tag -width MAKEFLAGS
512: .It Va \&$
513: A single dollar sign
514: .Ql \&$ ,
1.29 aaron 515: i.e.,
1.1 deraadt 516: .Ql \&$$
517: expands to a single dollar
518: sign.
519: .It Va .MAKE
520: The name that
1.19 aaron 521: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 522: was executed with
1.14 aaron 523: .Pq Va argv Ns Op 0 .
1.1 deraadt 524: .It Va .CURDIR
525: A path to the directory where
1.19 aaron 526: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 527: was executed.
528: .It Va .OBJDIR
529: A path to the directory where the targets are built.
1.8 deraadt 530: At startup,
1.19 aaron 531: .Nm
1.8 deraadt 532: searches for an alternate directory to place target files -- it
533: will attempt to change into this special directory.
1.19 aaron 534: First, if
535: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
536: is defined,
537: .Nm
1.18 espie 538: prepends its contents to the current directory name and tries for
1.28 aaron 539: the resulting directory.
540: If that fails,
1.19 aaron 541: .Nm
1.18 espie 542: remains in the current directory.
1.19 aaron 543: If
1.15 espie 544: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1.18 espie 545: is not defined,
1.19 aaron 546: .Nm
1.18 espie 547: checks
1.19 aaron 548: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR
1.28 aaron 549: and tries to change into that directory.
550: Should that fail,
1.19 aaron 551: .Nm
1.28 aaron 552: remains in the current directory.
553: If
1.18 espie 554: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR
555: is not defined, it tries to change into the directory named
556: .Pa obj.${MACHINE}
1.19 aaron 557: (see
558: .Va MACHINE
1.28 aaron 559: variable).
560: If it still has found no special directory,
1.19 aaron 561: .Nm
1.18 espie 562: next tries the directory named
563: .Pa obj .
564: If this fails,
1.19 aaron 565: .Nm
566: tries to prepend
567: .Pa /usr/obj
568: to the current directory name.
1.18 espie 569: Finally, if none of these directories are available
1.19 aaron 570: .Nm
1.8 deraadt 571: will settle for and use the current directory.
1.15 espie 572: .It Va .MAKEFLAGS
1.1 deraadt 573: The environment variable
1.14 aaron 574: .Ev MAKEFLAGS
1.1 deraadt 575: may contain anything that
576: may be specified on
577: .Nm make Ns 's
1.28 aaron 578: command line.
579: Its contents are stored in
1.15 espie 580: .Nm make Ns 's
1.19 aaron 581: .Va .MAKEFLAGS
1.15 espie 582: variable.
1.40 espie 583: Anything specified on
1.1 deraadt 584: .Nm make Ns 's
585: command line is appended to the
1.15 espie 586: .Va .MAKEFLAGS
587: variable which is then
1.19 aaron 588: entered into the environment as
1.14 aaron 589: .Ev MAKEFLAGS
1.15 espie 590: for all programs which
1.19 aaron 591: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 592: executes.
1.15 espie 593: .It Va MFLAGS
1.19 aaron 594: A shorter synonym for
1.15 espie 595: .Va .MAKEFLAGS .
1.9 millert 596: .It Ev PWD
597: Alternate path to the current directory.
1.19 aaron 598: .Nm
1.9 millert 599: normally sets
600: .Ql Va .CURDIR
601: to the canonical path given by
1.49 jmc 602: .Xr getcwd 3 .
1.9 millert 603: However, if the environment variable
1.14 aaron 604: .Ev PWD
1.9 millert 605: is set and gives a path to the current directory, then
1.19 aaron 606: .Nm
1.9 millert 607: sets
608: .Ql Va .CURDIR
609: to the value of
1.14 aaron 610: .Ev PWD
1.9 millert 611: instead.
1.14 aaron 612: .Ev PWD
1.15 espie 613: is always set to the value of
1.9 millert 614: .Ql Va .OBJDIR
615: for all programs which
1.19 aaron 616: .Nm
1.9 millert 617: executes.
1.15 espie 618: .It Va .TARGETS
1.19 aaron 619: List of targets
620: .Nm
1.18 espie 621: is currently building.
1.15 espie 622: .It Va .INCLUDES
1.19 aaron 623: See
1.18 espie 624: .Ic .INCLUDES
625: special target
1.15 espie 626: .It Va .LIBS
1.19 aaron 627: See
1.18 espie 628: .Ic .LIBS
629: special target
1.15 espie 630: .It Va MACHINE
1.19 aaron 631: Name of the machine architecture
632: .Nm
1.18 espie 633: is running on, obtained from the
634: .Ev MACHINE
1.19 aaron 635: environment variable, or through
1.44 deraadt 636: .Xr uname 3
1.18 espie 637: if not defined.
1.15 espie 638: .It Va MACHINE_ARCH
1.18 espie 639: Name of the machine architecture
1.19 aaron 640: .Nm
1.18 espie 641: was compiled for, obtained from the
1.19 aaron 642: .Ev MACHINE_ARCH
1.18 espie 643: environment variable, or defined at compilation time.
1.1 deraadt 644: .El
645: .Pp
646: Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
1.48 pvalchev 647: variable (where
1.19 aaron 648: .Dq word
1.48 pvalchev 649: is a whitespace delimited sequence of characters).
1.1 deraadt 650: The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
651: .Pp
652: .Dl {variable[:modifier[:...]]}
653: .Pp
654: Each modifier begins with a colon and one of the following
655: special characters.
656: The colon may be escaped with a backslash
657: .Pq Ql \e .
658: .Bl -tag -width Cm E\&
659: .It Cm E
660: Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
661: .It Cm H
662: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last component.
1.20 espie 663: .It Cm L
664: Replaces each word in the variable with its lower case equivalent.
665: .It Cm U
666: Replaces each word in the variable with its upper case equivalent.
1.1 deraadt 667: .It Cm M Ns Ar pattern
668: Select only those words that match the rest of the modifier.
669: The standard shell wildcard characters
670: .Pf ( Ql * ,
671: .Ql ? ,
672: and
673: .Ql Op )
674: may
675: be used.
676: The wildcard characters may be escaped with a backslash
677: .Pq Ql \e .
678: .It Cm N Ns Ar pattern
679: This is identical to
1.14 aaron 680: .Cm M ,
1.1 deraadt 681: but selects all words which do not match
682: the rest of the modifier.
1.10 millert 683: .It Cm Q
684: Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be passed
685: safely through recursive invocations of
1.14 aaron 686: .Nm make .
1.1 deraadt 687: .It Cm R
688: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
689: .Sm off
1.10 millert 690: .It Cm S No \&/ Ar old_string Xo
691: .No \&/ Ar new_string
692: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
1.1 deraadt 693: .Xc
694: .Sm on
695: Modify the first occurrence of
1.10 millert 696: .Ar old_string
697: in the variable's value, replacing it with
698: .Ar new_string .
1.1 deraadt 699: If a
700: .Ql g
701: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, all occurrences
702: in each word are replaced.
1.10 millert 703: If a
704: .Ql 1
705: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first word
706: is affected.
1.1 deraadt 707: If
1.10 millert 708: .Ar old_string
709: begins with a caret
1.1 deraadt 710: .Pq Ql ^ ,
1.10 millert 711: .Ar old_string
1.1 deraadt 712: is anchored at the beginning of each word.
713: If
1.10 millert 714: .Ar old_string
1.1 deraadt 715: ends with a dollar sign
716: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
717: it is anchored at the end of each word.
718: Inside
719: .Ar new_string ,
720: an ampersand
721: .Pq Ql &
722: is replaced by
1.10 millert 723: .Ar old_string
724: (without any
725: .Ql ^
726: or
727: .Ql \&$ ) .
1.1 deraadt 728: Any character may be used as a delimiter for the parts of the modifier
729: string.
730: The anchoring, ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a
731: backslash
732: .Pq Ql \e .
733: .Pp
734: Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
735: .Ar old_string
736: and
737: .Ar new_string
738: with the single exception that a backslash is used to prevent the expansion
739: of a dollar sign
1.10 millert 740: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
1.1 deraadt 741: not a preceding dollar sign as is usual.
1.10 millert 742: .Sm off
743: .It Cm C No \&/ Ar pattern Xo
744: .No \&/ Ar replacement
745: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
746: .Xc
747: .Sm on
748: The
749: .Cm C
750: modifier is just like the
751: .Cm S
1.13 deraadt 752: modifier except that the old and new strings, instead of being
1.10 millert 753: simple strings, are a regular expression (see
754: .Xr regex 3 )
755: and an
756: .Xr ed 1 Ns \-style
1.28 aaron 757: replacement string.
758: Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern in
759: each word of the value is changed.
760: The
1.10 millert 761: .Ql 1
762: modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one word; the
763: .Ql g
764: modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many instances of the
1.28 aaron 765: search pattern as occur in the word or words it is found in.
766: Note that
1.10 millert 767: .Ql 1
768: and
769: .Ql g
770: are orthogonal; the former specifies whether multiple words are
771: potentially affected, the latter whether multiple substitutions can
772: potentially occur within each affected word.
1.1 deraadt 773: .It Cm T
774: Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
1.39 aaron 775: .It Ar old_string Ns No = Ns Ar new_string
1.1 deraadt 776: This is the
777: .At V
778: style variable substitution.
779: It must be the last modifier specified.
1.9 millert 780: If
1.1 deraadt 781: .Ar old_string
782: or
783: .Ar new_string
784: do not contain the pattern matching character
785: .Ar %
1.9 millert 786: then it is assumed that they are
1.1 deraadt 787: anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or entire
1.28 aaron 788: words may be replaced.
789: Otherwise
1.1 deraadt 790: .Ar %
1.9 millert 791: is the substring of
792: .Ar old_string
1.1 deraadt 793: to be replaced in
1.53 ! jmc 794: .Ar new_string .
1.1 deraadt 795: .El
1.53 ! jmc 796: .Pp
1.50 jmc 797: All modifiers are BSD extensions, except for the standard
1.46 espie 798: .At V
799: style variable substitution.
1.1 deraadt 800: .Sh INCLUDE STATEMENTS, CONDITIONALS AND FOR LOOPS
1.28 aaron 801: Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent
1.1 deraadt 802: of the C programming language are provided in
803: .Nm make .
804: All such structures are identified by a line beginning with a single
805: dot
806: .Pq Ql \&.
807: character.
1.46 espie 808: Whitespace characters may follow this dot, e.g.,
809: .Bd -literal
810: \&.include <file>
811: .Ed
812: and
813: .Bd -literal
814: \&. include <file>
815: .Ed
816: are identical constructs.
1.1 deraadt 817: Files are included with either
818: .Ql .include <file>
819: or
820: .Ql .include \*qfile\*q .
821: Variables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded
822: to form the file name.
823: If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is expected to be in
824: the system makefile directory.
825: If double quotes are used, the including makefile's directory and any
826: directories specified using the
827: .Fl I
828: option are searched before the system
829: makefile directory.
830: .Pp
831: Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
832: character of a line.
833: The possible conditionals are as follows:
834: .Bl -tag -width Ds
835: .It Ic .undef Ar variable
836: Un-define the specified global variable.
837: Only global variables may be un-defined.
838: .It Xo
839: .Ic \&.if
840: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar expression
841: .Op Ar operator expression ...
842: .Xc
843: Test the value of an expression.
844: .It Xo
845: .Ic .ifdef
846: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
847: .Op Ar operator variable ...
848: .Xc
849: Test the value of a variable.
850: .It Xo
851: .Ic .ifndef
852: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
853: .Op Ar operator variable ...
854: .Xc
855: Test the value of a variable.
856: .It Xo
857: .Ic .ifmake
858: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
859: .Op Ar operator target ...
860: .Xc
861: Test the target being built.
862: .It Xo
863: .Ic .ifnmake
864: .Oo \&! Oc Ar target
865: .Op Ar operator target ...
866: .Xc
867: Test the target being built.
868: .It Ic .else
869: Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
870: .It Xo
871: .Ic .elif
872: .Oo \&! Oc Ar expression
873: .Op Ar operator expression ...
874: .Xc
875: A combination of
876: .Ql Ic .else
877: followed by
878: .Ql Ic .if .
879: .It Xo
880: .Ic .elifdef
881: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
882: .Op Ar operator variable ...
883: .Xc
884: A combination of
885: .Ql Ic .else
886: followed by
887: .Ql Ic .ifdef .
888: .It Xo
889: .Ic .elifndef
890: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
891: .Op Ar operator variable ...
892: .Xc
893: A combination of
894: .Ql Ic .else
895: followed by
896: .Ql Ic .ifndef .
897: .It Xo
898: .Ic .elifmake
899: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
900: .Op Ar operator target ...
901: .Xc
902: A combination of
903: .Ql Ic .else
904: followed by
905: .Ql Ic .ifmake .
906: .It Xo
907: .Ic .elifnmake
908: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
909: .Op Ar operator target ...
910: .Xc
911: A combination of
912: .Ql Ic .else
913: followed by
914: .Ql Ic .ifnmake .
915: .It Ic .endif
916: End the body of the conditional.
917: .El
918: .Pp
919: The
920: .Ar operator
921: may be any one of the following:
922: .Bl -tag -width "Cm XX"
923: .It Cm \&|\&|
924: logical OR
925: .It Cm \&&&
926: Logical
927: .Tn AND ;
928: of higher precedence than
1.46 espie 929: .Dq \&|\&| .
1.1 deraadt 930: .El
931: .Pp
932: As in C,
1.19 aaron 933: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 934: will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to determine
935: its value.
1.9 millert 936: Parentheses may be used to change the order of evaluation.
1.1 deraadt 937: The boolean operator
938: .Ql Ic \&!
939: may be used to logically negate an entire
940: conditional.
941: It is of higher precedence than
942: .Ql Ic \&&& .
943: .Pp
944: The value of
945: .Ar expression
946: may be any of the following:
947: .Bl -tag -width Ic defined
948: .It Ic defined
949: Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if the variable
950: has been defined.
951: .It Ic make
952: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
953: was specified as part of
954: .Nm make Ns 's
955: command line or was declared the default target (either implicitly or
956: explicitly, see
957: .Va .MAIN )
958: before the line containing the conditional.
959: .It Ic empty
960: Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true if
961: the expansion of the variable would result in an empty string.
962: .It Ic exists
963: Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the file exists.
964: The file is searched for on the system search path (see
965: .Va .PATH ) .
966: .It Ic target
967: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
968: has been defined.
969: .El
970: .Pp
1.14 aaron 971: .Ar expression
1.28 aaron 972: may also be an arithmetic or string comparison.
973: Variable expansion is
1.1 deraadt 974: performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the integral
1.28 aaron 975: values are compared.
976: A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if it is
1.1 deraadt 977: preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not supported.
1.28 aaron 978: The standard C relational operators are all supported.
979: If after
1.1 deraadt 980: variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a
981: .Ql Ic ==
982: or
983: .Ql Ic "!="
984: operator is not an integral value, then
985: string comparison is performed between the expanded
986: variables.
987: If no relational operator is given, it is assumed that the expanded
988: variable is being compared against 0.
989: .Pp
990: When
1.19 aaron 991: .Nm
1.14 aaron 992: is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it encounters
1.19 aaron 993: a word it doesn't recognize, either the
994: .Dq make
995: or
996: .Dq defined
1.1 deraadt 997: expression is applied to it, depending on the form of the conditional.
998: If the form is
999: .Ql Ic .ifdef
1000: or
1001: .Ql Ic .ifndef ,
1.19 aaron 1002: the
1003: .Dq defined
1004: expression is applied.
1.1 deraadt 1005: Similarly, if the form is
1006: .Ql Ic .ifmake
1007: or
1.14 aaron 1008: .Ql Ic .ifnmake ,
1.19 aaron 1009: the
1010: .Dq make
1.1 deraadt 1011: expression is applied.
1012: .Pp
1013: If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile continues
1014: as before.
1015: If it evaluates to false, the following lines are skipped.
1016: In both cases this continues until a
1017: .Ql Ic .else
1018: or
1019: .Ql Ic .endif
1020: is found.
1.9 millert 1021: .Pp
1.1 deraadt 1022: For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1023: The syntax of a for loop is:
1024: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1025: .It Xo
1026: .Ic \&.for
1.9 millert 1027: .Ar variable
1.41 espie 1028: .Op Ar variable ...
1.9 millert 1029: .Ic in
1.1 deraadt 1030: .Ar expression
1031: .Xc
1032: .It Xo
1033: <make-rules>
1034: .Xc
1035: .It Xo
1036: .Ic \&.endfor
1037: .Xc
1038: .El
1039: After the for
1.14 aaron 1040: .Ar expression
1.28 aaron 1041: is evaluated, it is split into words.
1.50 jmc 1042: On each iteration of the loop, one word is assigned to each
1.41 espie 1043: .Ar variable ,
1044: in order,
1.50 jmc 1045: and these
1046: .Ar variables
1.41 espie 1047: are substituted in the
1.9 millert 1048: .Ic make-rules
1.1 deraadt 1049: inside the body of the for loop.
1.41 espie 1050: The number of words must match the number of iteration variables;
1051: that is, if there are three iteration variables, the number of words
1.48 pvalchev 1052: must be a multiple of three.
1.45 espie 1053: .Pp
1054: Loops and conditional expressions may nest arbitrarily, but
1055: they may not cross include file boundaries.
1.1 deraadt 1056: .Sh COMMENTS
1057: Comments begin with a hash
1058: .Pq Ql \&#
1059: character, anywhere but in a shell
1060: command line, and continue to the end of the line.
1061: .Sh SPECIAL SOURCES
1062: .Bl -tag -width Ic .IGNORE
1063: .It Ic .IGNORE
1064: Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this target, exactly
1065: as if they all were preceded by a dash
1066: .Pq Ql \- .
1.10 millert 1067: .It Ic .MADE
1.19 aaron 1068: Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1.1 deraadt 1069: .It Ic .MAKE
1070: Execute the commands associated with this target even if the
1071: .Fl n
1072: or
1073: .Fl t
1074: options were specified.
1075: Normally used to mark recursive
1076: .Nm make Ns 's .
1077: .It Ic .NOTMAIN
1078: Normally
1.19 aaron 1079: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1080: selects the first target it encounters as the default target to be built
1081: if no target was specified.
1082: This source prevents this target from being selected.
1083: .It Ic .OPTIONAL
1084: If a target is marked with this attribute and
1.19 aaron 1085: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1086: can't figure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1087: the file isn't needed or already exists.
1088: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1089: When
1.19 aaron 1090: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1091: is interrupted, it removes any partially made targets.
1092: This source prevents the target from being removed.
1093: .It Ic .SILENT
1094: Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target, exactly
1095: as if they all were preceded by an at sign
1096: .Pq Ql @ .
1097: .It Ic .USE
1098: Turn the target into
1.14 aaron 1099: .Nm make Ns 's
1.1 deraadt 1100: version of a macro.
1101: When the target is used as a source for another target, the other target
1102: acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1103: .Ic .USE )
1104: of the
1105: source.
1106: If the target already has commands, the
1107: .Ic .USE
1108: target's commands are appended
1109: to them.
1.4 deraadt 1110: .It Ic .WAIT
1.48 pvalchev 1111: If
1.4 deraadt 1112: .Ic .WAIT
1.48 pvalchev 1113: appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede it are
1.28 aaron 1114: made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1.48 pvalchev 1115: Loops are not
1.4 deraadt 1116: detected and targets that form loops will be silently ignored.
1.1 deraadt 1117: .El
1118: .Sh "SPECIAL TARGETS"
1.29 aaron 1119: Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e., they must be
1.1 deraadt 1120: the only target specified.
1121: .Bl -tag -width Ic .BEGIN
1122: .It Ic .BEGIN
1123: Any command lines attached to this target are executed before anything
1124: else is done.
1125: .It Ic .DEFAULT
1126: This is sort of a
1127: .Ic .USE
1128: rule for any target (that was used only as a
1129: source) that
1.19 aaron 1130: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1131: can't figure out any other way to create.
1132: Only the shell script is used.
1133: The
1134: .Ic .IMPSRC
1135: variable of a target that inherits
1136: .Ic .DEFAULT Ns 's
1137: commands is set
1138: to the target's own name.
1139: .It Ic .END
1140: Any command lines attached to this target are executed after everything
1141: else is done.
1142: .It Ic .IGNORE
1143: Mark each of the sources with the
1144: .Ic .IGNORE
1145: attribute.
1146: If no sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1147: .Fl i
1148: option.
1.18 espie 1149: .It Ic .INCLUDES
1150: A list of suffixes that indicate files that can be included in a source
1.28 aaron 1151: file.
1152: The suffix must have already been declared with
1.18 espie 1153: .Ic .SUFFIXES ,
1.48 pvalchev 1154: any suffix so declared will have the directories in its search path (see
1.18 espie 1155: .Ic .PATH )
1.19 aaron 1156: placed in the
1.18 espie 1157: .Va .INCLUDES
1.19 aaron 1158: special variable, each preceded by a
1159: .Fl I
1.18 espie 1160: flag.
1.1 deraadt 1161: .It Ic .INTERRUPT
1162: If
1.19 aaron 1163: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1164: is interrupted, the commands for this target will be executed.
1.18 espie 1165: .It Ic .LIBS
1.19 aaron 1166: This does for libraries what
1167: .Ic .INCLUDES
1.18 espie 1168: does for include files, except that the flag used is
1169: .Fl L .
1.1 deraadt 1170: .It Ic .MAIN
1171: If no target is specified when
1.19 aaron 1172: .Nm
1.28 aaron 1173: is invoked, this target will be built.
1174: This is always set, either
1.19 aaron 1175: explicitly, or implicitly when
1176: .Nm
1.16 espie 1177: selects the default target, to give the user a way to refer to the default
1178: target on the command line.
1.1 deraadt 1179: .It Ic .MAKEFLAGS
1180: This target provides a way to specify flags for
1.19 aaron 1181: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1182: when the makefile is used.
1183: The flags are as if typed to the shell, though the
1184: .Fl f
1185: option will have
1186: no effect.
1.4 deraadt 1187: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1188: .\" .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1189: .\" The named targets are executed in non parallel mode. If no targets are
1190: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in non parallel mode.
1191: .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1192: Disable parallel mode.
1193: .It Ic .NO_PARALLEL
1194: Same as above, for compatibility with other pmake variants.
1195: .It Ic .ORDER
1196: The named targets are made in sequence.
1197: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1198: .\" .It Ic .PARALLEL
1199: .\" The named targets are executed in parallel mode. If no targets are
1200: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in parallel mode.
1.1 deraadt 1201: .It Ic .PATH
1202: The sources are directories which are to be searched for files not
1203: found in the current directory.
1204: If no sources are specified, any previously specified directories are
1205: deleted.
1.18 espie 1206: .It Ic .PATH\fIsuffix\fR
1207: The sources are directories which are to be searched for suffixed files
1208: not found in the current directory.
1.19 aaron 1209: .Nm
1210: first searches the suffixed search path, before reverting to the default
1.18 espie 1211: path if the file is not found there.
1.6 niklas 1212: .It Ic .PHONY
1213: Apply the
1214: .Ic .PHONY
1.28 aaron 1215: attribute to any specified sources.
1216: Targets with this attribute are always
1.6 niklas 1217: considered to be out of date.
1.1 deraadt 1218: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1219: Apply the
1220: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1221: attribute to any specified sources.
1222: If no sources are specified, the
1223: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1224: attribute is applied to every
1225: target in the file.
1226: .It Ic .SILENT
1227: Apply the
1228: .Ic .SILENT
1229: attribute to any specified sources.
1230: If no sources are specified, the
1231: .Ic .SILENT
1232: attribute is applied to every
1233: command in the file.
1234: .It Ic .SUFFIXES
1235: Each source specifies a suffix to
1236: .Nm make .
1.48 pvalchev 1237: If no sources are specified, any previously specified suffices are deleted.
1.35 aaron 1238: .El
1.1 deraadt 1239: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
1.19 aaron 1240: .Nm
1.15 espie 1241: uses the following environment variables, if they exist:
1.9 millert 1242: .Ev MACHINE ,
1.15 espie 1243: .Ev MACHINE_ARCH ,
1.9 millert 1244: .Ev MAKEFLAGS ,
1245: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR ,
1.15 espie 1246: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX ,
1.1 deraadt 1247: and
1.9 millert 1248: .Ev PWD .
1.30 espie 1249: .Nm
1.31 aaron 1250: also ignores and unsets
1.30 espie 1251: .Ev CDPATH .
1.1 deraadt 1252: .Sh FILES
1253: .Bl -tag -width /usr/share/mk -compact
1.14 aaron 1254: .It Pa .depend
1.1 deraadt 1255: list of dependencies
1.15 espie 1256: .It Pa BSDmakefile
1257: list of dependencies
1.14 aaron 1258: .It Pa Makefile
1.1 deraadt 1259: list of dependencies
1.14 aaron 1260: .It Pa makefile
1.1 deraadt 1261: list of dependencies
1.14 aaron 1262: .It Pa sys.mk
1.1 deraadt 1263: system makefile
1.14 aaron 1264: .It Pa /usr/share/mk
1.1 deraadt 1265: system makefile directory
1.15 espie 1266: .IT Pa /usr/obj
1.19 aaron 1267: default
1.52 jmc 1268: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1269: directory.
1.1 deraadt 1270: .El
1.37 aaron 1271: .Sh SEE ALSO
1272: .Xr mkdep 1
1273: .Pp
1.52 jmc 1274: .Rs
1275: .%T Make \- A Tutorial
1276: .Re
1277: .Sh STANDARDS
1.43 espie 1278: .Nm
1279: mostly conforms to the Single Unix Specification, Version 2,
1280: with some noted extensions and a few problems.
1281: .Pp
1.37 aaron 1282: Older versions of
1283: .Nm
1284: used
1285: .Ev MAKE
1286: instead of
1287: .Ev MAKEFLAGS .
1288: This was removed for POSIX compatibility.
1289: The internal variable
1290: .Va MAKE
1291: is set to the same value as
1.48 pvalchev 1292: .Va .MAKE .
1293: Support for this may be removed in the future.
1.37 aaron 1294: .Pp
1295: Most of the more esoteric features of
1296: .Nm
1297: should probably be avoided for greater compatibility.
1298: .Sh HISTORY
1299: A
1300: .Nm
1301: command appeared in
1302: .At v7 .
1.17 espie 1303: .Sh BUGS
1.18 espie 1304: The determination of
1305: .Va .OBJDIR
1.19 aaron 1306: is contorted to the point of absurdity.
1.18 espie 1307: .Pp
1.50 jmc 1308: If the same target is specified several times in normal dependency rules,
1.31 aaron 1309: .Nm
1.27 espie 1310: silently ignores all commands after the first non empty set of commands,
1.31 aaron 1311: e.g., in
1.27 espie 1312: .Bd -literal
1313: a:
1314: @echo "Executed"
1315: a:
1316: @echo "Bad luck"
1317: .Ed
1318: .Pp
1319: @echo "Bad luck" will be silently ignored.
1.18 espie 1320: .Pp
1321: .Va .TARGETS
1322: is not set to the default target when
1.19 aaron 1323: .Nm
1.18 espie 1324: is invoked without a target name and no
1.19 aaron 1325: .Ic MAIN
1.18 espie 1326: special target exists.
1327: .Pp
1.17 espie 1328: The evaluation of
1329: .Ar expression
1.28 aaron 1330: in a test is very simple-minded.
1331: Currently, the only form that works is
1.48 pvalchev 1332: .Ql .if ${VAR} op something \.
1.50 jmc 1333: For instance, tests should be written as
1.48 pvalchev 1334: .Ql .if ${VAR} = "string" ,
1.17 espie 1335: not the other way around, which doesn't work.
1336: .Pp
1337: For loops are expanded before tests, so a fragment such as:
1338: .Bd -literal
1339: \&.for TMACHINE in ${SHARED_ARCHS}
1340: \&.if ${TMACHINE} = ${MACHINE}
1341: ...
1342: \&.endif
1.32 ericj 1343: \&.endfor
1.17 espie 1344: .Ed
1.25 espie 1345: .Pp
1.17 espie 1346: won't work, and should be rewritten the other way around.
1.21 espie 1347: .Pp
1.31 aaron 1348: When handling pre-BSD 4.4 archives,
1.21 espie 1349: .Nm
1350: may erroneously mark archive members as out of date if the archive name
1351: was truncated.
1.26 espie 1352: .Pp
1.25 espie 1353: The handling of ; and other special characters in tests may be utterly
1.28 aaron 1354: bogus.
1355: For instance, in
1.25 espie 1356: .Bd -literal
1357: \&A=abcd;c.c
1358: \&.if ${A:R} == "abcd;c"
1359: .Ed
1360: .Pp
1361: the test will never match, even though the value is correct.
1.26 espie 1362: .Pp
1.28 aaron 1363: The conditional handler is incredibly lame.
1364: Junk such as
1.26 espie 1365: .Bd -literal
1366: \&.if defined anything goes (A)
1367: .Ed
1368: .Pp
1369: will be accepted silently.
1.25 espie 1370: .Pp
1371: In a .for loop, only the variable value is used, assignments will be
1372: evaluated later, e.g., in
1373: .Bd -literal
1374: \&.for I in a b c d
1375: I:=${I:S/a/z}
1376: A+=$I
1377: \&.endfor
1378: .Ed
1379: A will evaluate to a b c d after the loop, not z b c d.
1.33 espie 1380: .Pp
1.50 jmc 1381: The
1.33 espie 1382: .Ql +
1383: command modificator is ignored in parallel make mode.
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