Annotation of src/usr.bin/make/make.1, Revision 1.64
1.64 ! mbalmer 1: .\" $OpenBSD: make.1,v 1.63 2004/04/21 13:17:49 jmc Exp $
1.40 espie 2: .\" $OpenPackages$
1.10 millert 3: .\" $NetBSD: make.1,v 1.18 1997/03/10 21:19:53 christos Exp $
1.7 briggs 4: .\"
1.9 millert 5: .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
6: .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
1.1 deraadt 7: .\"
8: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10: .\" are met:
11: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
1.51 millert 16: .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
1.1 deraadt 17: .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18: .\" without specific prior written permission.
19: .\"
20: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21: .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23: .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24: .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25: .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26: .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27: .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28: .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29: .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30: .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
31: .\"
1.9 millert 32: .\" from: @(#)make.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/19/94
1.1 deraadt 33: .\"
1.9 millert 34: .Dd March 19, 1994
1.1 deraadt 35: .Dt MAKE 1
36: .Os
37: .Sh NAME
38: .Nm make
39: .Nd maintain program dependencies
40: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.19 aaron 41: .Nm make
1.63 jmc 42: .Op Fl BeiknPqrSst
1.1 deraadt 43: .Op Fl D Ar variable
44: .Op Fl d Ar flags
45: .Op Fl f Ar makefile
46: .Op Fl I Ar directory
47: .Op Fl j Ar max_jobs
1.5 niklas 48: .Op Fl m Ar directory
1.9 millert 49: .Op Fl V Ar variable
1.60 espie 50: .Op Ar NAME Ns = Ns Ar value
1.50 jmc 51: .Bk -words
1.1 deraadt 52: .Op Ar target ...
1.50 jmc 53: .Ek
1.1 deraadt 54: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.19 aaron 55: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 56: is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs.
57: Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which programs
58: and other files depend.
59: If the file
1.54 jmc 60: .Sq Pa BSDmakefile
1.12 niklas 61: exists, it is read for this list of specifications.
62: If it does not exist, the files
1.54 jmc 63: .Sq Pa makefile
1.12 niklas 64: and
1.54 jmc 65: .Sq Pa Makefile
1.12 niklas 66: are tried in order.
1.1 deraadt 67: If the file
1.54 jmc 68: .Sq Pa .depend
1.40 espie 69: exists, it is read in addition to the makefile (see
1.42 mpech 70: .Xr mkdep 1 ) .
1.1 deraadt 71: .Pp
1.43 espie 72: The handling of
1.54 jmc 73: .Sq Pa BSDmakefile
1.43 espie 74: and
1.54 jmc 75: .Sq Pa .depend
1.43 espie 76: are BSD extensions.
77: .Pp
78: Standard options are as follows:
79: .Bl -tag -width Ds
80: .It Fl e
81: Specify that environment variables override macro assignments within
82: makefiles.
83: .It Fl f Ar makefile
84: Specify a makefile to read instead of the default
1.54 jmc 85: .Sq Pa makefile
1.43 espie 86: and
1.54 jmc 87: .Sq Pa Makefile .
1.43 espie 88: If
89: .Ar makefile
90: is
91: .Ql \- ,
92: standard input is read.
93: Multiple makefiles may be specified, and are read in the order specified.
94: .It Fl i
95: Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile.
96: Equivalent to specifying
97: .Ql \-
98: before each command line in the makefile.
99: .It Fl k
100: Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on those targets
101: that do not depend on the target whose creation caused the error.
102: .It Fl n
103: Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not actually
104: execute them.
105: .It Fl q
1.50 jmc 106: Do not execute any commands, but exit with status 0 if the specified targets
1.43 espie 107: are up-to-date, and 1 otherwise.
108: .It Fl r
109: Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
110: .It Fl S
111: Stop processing when an error is encountered.
112: This is the default behavior.
113: This is needed to negate the
114: .Fl k
115: option during recursive builds.
116: .It Fl s
117: Do not echo commands as they are executed.
118: Equivalent to specifying
1.54 jmc 119: .Sq Ic @
1.43 espie 120: before each command line in the makefile.
121: .It Fl t
122: Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile, create it
123: or update its modification time to make it appear up-to-date.
1.60 espie 124: .It Ar NAME Ns = Ns Ar value
1.43 espie 125: Set the value of the variable
1.60 espie 126: .Ar NAME
1.43 espie 127: to
128: .Ar value .
129: .El
1.1 deraadt 130: .Pp
1.43 espie 131: Extended options are as follows:
1.1 deraadt 132: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.9 millert 133: .It Fl B
1.3 deraadt 134: Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per command and
135: by executing the commands to make the sources of a dependency line in sequence.
1.15 espie 136: This is turned on by default unless
137: .Fl j
138: is used.
1.1 deraadt 139: .It Fl D Ar variable
140: Define
141: .Ar variable
1.40 espie 142: to be 1.
1.1 deraadt 143: .It Fl d Ar flags
144: Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of
1.19 aaron 145: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 146: are to print debugging information.
1.14 aaron 147: .Ar flags
1.1 deraadt 148: is one or more of the following:
149: .Bl -tag -width Ds
150: .It Ar A
151: Print all possible debugging information;
152: equivalent to specifying all of the debugging flags.
153: .It Ar a
154: Print debugging information about archive searching and caching.
155: .It Ar c
156: Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
157: .It Ar d
158: Print debugging information about directory searching and caching.
1.15 espie 159: .It Ar f
1.40 espie 160: Print debugging information about the expansion of for loops.
1.1 deraadt 161: .It Ar "g1"
162: Print the input graph before making anything.
163: .It Ar "g2"
164: Print the input graph after making everything, or before exiting
165: on error.
166: .It Ar j
167: Print debugging information about running multiple shells.
1.40 espie 168: .It Ar l
169: Print commands in Makefile targets regardless of whether or not they are
170: prefixed by @.
171: Also known as loud behavior.
1.1 deraadt 172: .It Ar m
173: Print debugging information about making targets, including modification
174: dates.
175: .It Ar s
176: Print debugging information about suffix-transformation rules.
177: .It Ar t
178: Print debugging information about target list maintenance.
179: .It Ar v
180: Print debugging information about variable assignment.
181: .El
182: .It Fl I Ar directory
183: Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included makefiles.
1.5 niklas 184: The system makefile directory (or directories, see the
185: .Fl m
186: option) is automatically included as part of this list.
1.1 deraadt 187: .It Fl j Ar max_jobs
188: Specify the maximum number of jobs that
1.19 aaron 189: .Nm
1.28 aaron 190: may have running at any one time.
191: Turns compatibility mode off, unless the
1.57 jmc 192: .Fl B
1.3 deraadt 193: flag is also specified.
1.5 niklas 194: .It Fl m Ar directory
1.50 jmc 195: Specify a directory in which to search for
196: .Pa sys.mk
1.40 espie 197: and makefiles included
1.28 aaron 198: via the <...> style.
199: Multiple directories can be added to form a search path.
1.14 aaron 200: This path will override the default system include path:
201: .Pa /usr/share/mk .
202: Furthermore, the system include path will be appended to the search path used
1.5 niklas 203: for "..."-style inclusions (see the
204: .Fl I
205: option).
1.15 espie 206: .It Fl P
1.19 aaron 207: Collate the output of a given job and display it only when the job finishes,
208: instead of mixing the output of parallel jobs together.
209: This option has no effect unless
1.15 espie 210: .Fl j
211: is used too.
1.9 millert 212: .It Fl V Ar variable
213: Print
214: .Nm make Ns 's
215: idea of the value of
1.40 espie 216: .Ar variable .
1.9 millert 217: Do not build any targets.
218: Multiple instances of this option may be specified;
219: the variables will be printed one per line,
220: with a blank line for each null or undefined variable.
1.1 deraadt 221: .El
222: .Pp
223: There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
224: specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
225: conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
1.43 espie 226: Of these, include statements, conditional directives and for loops are
227: extensions.
1.1 deraadt 228: .Pp
229: In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
230: them with a backslash
231: .Pq Ql \e .
232: The trailing newline character and initial whitespace on the following
233: line are compressed into a single space.
234: .Sh FILE DEPENDENCY SPECIFICATIONS
235: Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero
236: or more sources.
1.19 aaron 237: This creates a relationship where the targets
238: .Dq depend
239: on the sources
1.1 deraadt 240: and are usually created from them.
241: The exact relationship between the target and the source is determined
242: by the operator that separates them.
1.43 espie 243: Note that the use of several targets is merely a shorthand for duplicate
1.50 jmc 244: rules.
1.43 espie 245: Specifically,
1.57 jmc 246: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43 espie 247: target1 target2: depa depb
248: cmd1
249: cmd2
250: .Ed
1.57 jmc 251: .Pp
1.43 espie 252: is just a short form of
1.57 jmc 253: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43 espie 254: target1: depa depb
255: cmd1
256: cmd2
257: target2: depa depb
258: cmd1
259: cmd2
260: .Ed
261: .Pp
262: .Nm
263: does not support Solaris syntax for true multiple targets:
1.57 jmc 264: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43 espie 265: target1 + target2: depa depb
266: cmd1
267: cmd2
268: .Ed
269: .Pp
1.40 espie 270: The operators are as follows:
1.1 deraadt 271: .Bl -tag -width flag
272: .It Ic \&:
273: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less than
274: those of any of its sources.
275: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
276: is used.
277: The target is removed if
1.19 aaron 278: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 279: is interrupted.
280: .It Ic \&!
281: Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
282: examined and re-created as necessary.
283: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
284: is used.
285: The target is removed if
1.19 aaron 286: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 287: is interrupted.
288: .It Ic \&::
289: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created.
290: Otherwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources has
291: been modified more recently than the target.
292: Sources for a target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this
293: operator is used.
294: The target will not be removed if
1.19 aaron 295: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 296: is interrupted.
297: .El
298: .Pp
1.43 espie 299: The
300: .Ic \&::
301: operator is a fairly standard extension.
302: The
1.56 jmc 303: .Ic !\&
1.43 espie 304: operator is a BSD extension.
305: .Pp
1.50 jmc 306: As an extension, targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard
1.43 espie 307: expressions
1.55 jmc 308: .Ql \&? ,
1.1 deraadt 309: .Ql * ,
310: .Ql []
311: and
312: .Ql {} .
1.15 espie 313: The expressions
1.55 jmc 314: .Ql \&? ,
1.1 deraadt 315: .Ql *
316: and
317: .Ql []
318: may only be used as part of the final
319: component of the target or source, and must be used to describe existing
320: files.
1.15 espie 321: The expression
1.1 deraadt 322: .Ql {}
323: need not necessarily be used to describe existing files.
324: Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as done in the shell.
1.43 espie 325: .Pp
326: For maximum portability, target names should only consist of periods,
327: underscores, digits and alphabetic characters.
1.1 deraadt 328: .Sh SHELL COMMANDS
329: Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, normally
330: used to create the target.
331: Each of the commands in this script
332: .Em must
333: be preceded by a tab.
334: While any target may appear on a dependency line, only one of these
335: dependencies may be followed by a creation script, unless the
1.54 jmc 336: .Sq Ic ::
1.1 deraadt 337: operator is used.
338: .Pp
1.34 espie 339: If a command line begins with a combination of the characters,
1.54 jmc 340: .Sq Ic @ ,
341: .Sq Ic \-
1.1 deraadt 342: and/or
1.54 jmc 343: .Sq Ic + ,
1.57 jmc 344: the command is treated specially:
1.33 espie 345: .Bl -tag -width `@'
1.54 jmc 346: .It Sq Ic @
1.1 deraadt 347: causes the command not to be echoed before it is executed.
1.54 jmc 348: .It Sq Ic \-
1.1 deraadt 349: causes any non-zero exit status of the command line to be ignored.
1.54 jmc 350: .It Sq Ic +
1.33 espie 351: causes the command to be executed even if
352: .Fl n
1.57 jmc 353: has been specified.
354: (This can be useful to debug recursive Makefiles.)
1.33 espie 355: .El
1.43 espie 356: .Pp
1.50 jmc 357: The command is always executed using
1.43 espie 358: .Pa /bin/sh
359: in
360: .Qq set -e
361: mode.
1.1 deraadt 362: .Sh VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS
1.14 aaron 363: Variables in
1.19 aaron 364: .Nm
1.14 aaron 365: are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradition,
1.1 deraadt 366: consist of all upper-case letters.
1.60 espie 367: They are also called
368: .Sq macros
369: in various texts.
1.43 espie 370: For portability, only periods, underscores, digits and letters should be
371: used for variable names.
1.1 deraadt 372: The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
373: follows:
374: .Bl -tag -width Ds
375: .It Ic \&=
376: Assign the value to the variable.
377: Any previous value is overridden.
1.43 espie 378: .It Ic \&:=
379: Assign with expansion, i.e., expand the value before assigning it
1.57 jmc 380: to the variable (extension).
1.1 deraadt 381: .It Ic \&+=
1.43 espie 382: Append the value to the current value of the variable (extension).
1.1 deraadt 383: .It Ic \&?=
1.43 espie 384: Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined (BSD
385: extension).
1.1 deraadt 386: Normally, expansion is not done until the variable is referenced.
387: .It Ic \&!=
388: Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and assign
389: the result to the variable.
1.43 espie 390: Any newlines in the result are replaced with spaces (BSD extension).
1.1 deraadt 391: .El
392: .Pp
1.14 aaron 393: Any whitespace before the assigned
1.1 deraadt 394: .Ar value
395: is removed; if the value is being appended, a single space is inserted
396: between the previous contents of the variable and the appended value.
397: .Pp
398: Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either
399: curly braces
400: .Pq Ql {}
401: or parentheses
402: .Pq Ql ()
403: and preceding it with
404: a dollar sign
405: .Pq Ql \&$ .
406: If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surrounding
407: braces or parentheses are not required.
408: This shorter form is not recommended.
409: .Pp
410: Variable substitution occurs at two distinct times, depending on where
411: the variable is being used.
412: Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
413: Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
414: executed.
415: .Pp
416: The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing precedence)
417: are:
418: .Bl -tag -width Ds
419: .It Environment variables
420: Variables defined as part of
421: .Nm make Ns 's
422: environment.
423: .It Global variables
424: Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
425: .It Command line variables
426: Variables defined as part of the command line.
427: .It Local variables
428: Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
1.43 espie 429: Standard local variables are as follows:
1.1 deraadt 430: .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
1.43 espie 431: .It Va @
432: The name of the target.
433: .It Va \&%
434: The name of the archive member (only valid for library rules).
435: .It Va \&!
436: The name of the archive file (only valid for library rules).
437: .It Va \&?
438: The list of prerequisites for this target that were deemed out-of-date.
439: .It Va \&<
440: The name of the source from which this target is to be built, if a valid
441: implied rule (suffix rule) is in scope.
442: .It Va *
443: The file prefix of the file, containing only the file portion,
444: no suffix or preceding directory components.
445: .El
446: .Pp
447: The six variables
1.54 jmc 448: .Sq Va "@F" ,
449: .Sq Va "@D" ,
450: .Sq Va "<F" ,
451: .Sq Va "<D" ,
452: .Sq Va "*F" ,
1.43 espie 453: and
1.54 jmc 454: .Sq Va "*D"
1.43 espie 455: yield the
456: .Qq filename
457: and
458: .Qq directory
459: parts of the corresponding macros.
460: .Pp
461: For maximum compatibility,
1.54 jmc 462: .Sq Va \&<
1.43 espie 463: should only be used for actual implied rules.
464: It is also set when there is an implied rule that matches the current
1.54 jmc 465: dependency in scope.
466: That is, in
1.57 jmc 467: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43 espie 468: \&.SUFFIXES: .c.o
469: file.o: file.c
470: cmd1 $<
471:
472: \&.c.o:
473: cmd2
474: .Ed
1.57 jmc 475: .Pp
1.43 espie 476: building
477: .Pa file.o
478: will execute
479: .Qq cmd1 file.c .
480: .Pp
481: As an extension,
482: .Nm
1.47 jsyn 483: supports the following local variables:
1.43 espie 484: .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
485: .It Va \&>
486: The list of all sources for this target.
1.1 deraadt 487: .It Va .ALLSRC
1.43 espie 488: Synonym for
1.54 jmc 489: .Sq Va \&> .
1.1 deraadt 490: .It Va .ARCHIVE
1.43 espie 491: Synonym for
1.54 jmc 492: .Sq Va \&! .
1.1 deraadt 493: .It Va .IMPSRC
1.43 espie 494: Synonym for
1.54 jmc 495: .Sq Va \&< .
1.1 deraadt 496: .It Va .MEMBER
1.43 espie 497: Synonym for
1.54 jmc 498: .Sq Va \&% .
1.1 deraadt 499: .It Va .OODATE
1.43 espie 500: Synonym for
1.54 jmc 501: .Sq Va \&? .
1.1 deraadt 502: .It Va .PREFIX
1.43 espie 503: Synonym for
1.54 jmc 504: .Sq Va * .
1.1 deraadt 505: .It Va .TARGET
1.43 espie 506: Synonym for
1.54 jmc 507: .Sq Va @ .
1.1 deraadt 508: .El
509: .Pp
1.43 espie 510: These variables may be used on the dependency half of dependency
511: lines, when they make sense.
1.15 espie 512: .El
1.1 deraadt 513: .Pp
514: In addition,
1.19 aaron 515: .Nm
516: sets or knows about the following internal variables, or environment
1.15 espie 517: variables:
1.1 deraadt 518: .Bl -tag -width MAKEFLAGS
519: .It Va \&$
520: A single dollar sign
521: .Ql \&$ ,
1.29 aaron 522: i.e.,
1.1 deraadt 523: .Ql \&$$
524: expands to a single dollar
525: sign.
526: .It Va .MAKE
527: The name that
1.19 aaron 528: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 529: was executed with
1.14 aaron 530: .Pq Va argv Ns Op 0 .
1.1 deraadt 531: .It Va .CURDIR
532: A path to the directory where
1.19 aaron 533: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 534: was executed.
535: .It Va .OBJDIR
536: A path to the directory where the targets are built.
1.8 deraadt 537: At startup,
1.19 aaron 538: .Nm
1.8 deraadt 539: searches for an alternate directory to place target files -- it
540: will attempt to change into this special directory.
1.19 aaron 541: First, if
542: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
543: is defined,
544: .Nm
1.18 espie 545: prepends its contents to the current directory name and tries for
1.28 aaron 546: the resulting directory.
547: If that fails,
1.19 aaron 548: .Nm
1.18 espie 549: remains in the current directory.
1.19 aaron 550: If
1.15 espie 551: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1.18 espie 552: is not defined,
1.19 aaron 553: .Nm
1.18 espie 554: checks
1.19 aaron 555: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR
1.28 aaron 556: and tries to change into that directory.
557: Should that fail,
1.19 aaron 558: .Nm
1.28 aaron 559: remains in the current directory.
560: If
1.18 espie 561: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR
562: is not defined, it tries to change into the directory named
563: .Pa obj.${MACHINE}
1.19 aaron 564: (see
565: .Va MACHINE
1.28 aaron 566: variable).
567: If it still has found no special directory,
1.19 aaron 568: .Nm
1.18 espie 569: next tries the directory named
570: .Pa obj .
571: If this fails,
1.19 aaron 572: .Nm
573: tries to prepend
574: .Pa /usr/obj
575: to the current directory name.
1.18 espie 576: Finally, if none of these directories are available
1.19 aaron 577: .Nm
1.8 deraadt 578: will settle for and use the current directory.
1.15 espie 579: .It Va .MAKEFLAGS
1.1 deraadt 580: The environment variable
1.14 aaron 581: .Ev MAKEFLAGS
1.1 deraadt 582: may contain anything that
583: may be specified on
584: .Nm make Ns 's
1.28 aaron 585: command line.
586: Its contents are stored in
1.15 espie 587: .Nm make Ns 's
1.19 aaron 588: .Va .MAKEFLAGS
1.15 espie 589: variable.
1.40 espie 590: Anything specified on
1.1 deraadt 591: .Nm make Ns 's
592: command line is appended to the
1.15 espie 593: .Va .MAKEFLAGS
594: variable which is then
1.19 aaron 595: entered into the environment as
1.14 aaron 596: .Ev MAKEFLAGS
1.15 espie 597: for all programs which
1.19 aaron 598: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 599: executes.
1.15 espie 600: .It Va MFLAGS
1.19 aaron 601: A shorter synonym for
1.15 espie 602: .Va .MAKEFLAGS .
1.9 millert 603: .It Ev PWD
604: Alternate path to the current directory.
1.19 aaron 605: .Nm
1.9 millert 606: normally sets
1.54 jmc 607: .Sq Va .CURDIR
1.9 millert 608: to the canonical path given by
1.49 jmc 609: .Xr getcwd 3 .
1.9 millert 610: However, if the environment variable
1.14 aaron 611: .Ev PWD
1.9 millert 612: is set and gives a path to the current directory, then
1.19 aaron 613: .Nm
1.9 millert 614: sets
1.54 jmc 615: .Sq Va .CURDIR
1.9 millert 616: to the value of
1.14 aaron 617: .Ev PWD
1.9 millert 618: instead.
1.14 aaron 619: .Ev PWD
1.15 espie 620: is always set to the value of
1.54 jmc 621: .Sq Va .OBJDIR
1.9 millert 622: for all programs which
1.19 aaron 623: .Nm
1.9 millert 624: executes.
1.15 espie 625: .It Va .TARGETS
1.19 aaron 626: List of targets
627: .Nm
1.18 espie 628: is currently building.
1.15 espie 629: .It Va .INCLUDES
1.19 aaron 630: See
1.18 espie 631: .Ic .INCLUDES
1.57 jmc 632: special target.
1.15 espie 633: .It Va .LIBS
1.19 aaron 634: See
1.18 espie 635: .Ic .LIBS
1.57 jmc 636: special target.
1.15 espie 637: .It Va MACHINE
1.19 aaron 638: Name of the machine architecture
639: .Nm
1.18 espie 640: is running on, obtained from the
641: .Ev MACHINE
1.19 aaron 642: environment variable, or through
1.44 deraadt 643: .Xr uname 3
1.18 espie 644: if not defined.
1.15 espie 645: .It Va MACHINE_ARCH
1.18 espie 646: Name of the machine architecture
1.19 aaron 647: .Nm
1.18 espie 648: was compiled for, obtained from the
1.19 aaron 649: .Ev MACHINE_ARCH
1.18 espie 650: environment variable, or defined at compilation time.
1.1 deraadt 651: .El
652: .Pp
653: Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
1.48 pvalchev 654: variable (where
1.19 aaron 655: .Dq word
1.48 pvalchev 656: is a whitespace delimited sequence of characters).
1.1 deraadt 657: The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
658: .Pp
659: .Dl {variable[:modifier[:...]]}
660: .Pp
661: Each modifier begins with a colon and one of the following
662: special characters.
663: The colon may be escaped with a backslash
664: .Pq Ql \e .
1.54 jmc 665: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.58 espie 666: .It Cm :E
1.1 deraadt 667: Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
1.58 espie 668: .It Cm :H
1.1 deraadt 669: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last component.
1.58 espie 670: .It Cm :L
1.20 espie 671: Replaces each word in the variable with its lower case equivalent.
1.58 espie 672: .It Cm :U
1.20 espie 673: Replaces each word in the variable with its upper case equivalent.
1.58 espie 674: .It Cm :M Ns Ar pattern
1.1 deraadt 675: Select only those words that match the rest of the modifier.
676: The standard shell wildcard characters
677: .Pf ( Ql * ,
1.55 jmc 678: .Ql \&? ,
1.1 deraadt 679: and
1.54 jmc 680: .Ql [] )
1.1 deraadt 681: may
682: be used.
683: The wildcard characters may be escaped with a backslash
684: .Pq Ql \e .
1.58 espie 685: .It Cm :N Ns Ar pattern
1.1 deraadt 686: This is identical to
1.58 espie 687: .Cm :M ,
1.1 deraadt 688: but selects all words which do not match
689: the rest of the modifier.
1.58 espie 690: .It Cm :Q
1.10 millert 691: Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be passed
692: safely through recursive invocations of
1.14 aaron 693: .Nm make .
1.58 espie 694: .It Cm :R
1.1 deraadt 695: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
696: .Sm off
1.58 espie 697: .It Cm :S No \&/ Ar old_string Xo
1.10 millert 698: .No \&/ Ar new_string
699: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
1.1 deraadt 700: .Xc
701: .Sm on
702: Modify the first occurrence of
1.10 millert 703: .Ar old_string
704: in the variable's value, replacing it with
705: .Ar new_string .
1.1 deraadt 706: If a
707: .Ql g
708: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, all occurrences
709: in each word are replaced.
1.10 millert 710: If a
711: .Ql 1
712: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first word
713: is affected.
1.1 deraadt 714: If
1.10 millert 715: .Ar old_string
716: begins with a caret
1.1 deraadt 717: .Pq Ql ^ ,
1.10 millert 718: .Ar old_string
1.1 deraadt 719: is anchored at the beginning of each word.
720: If
1.10 millert 721: .Ar old_string
1.1 deraadt 722: ends with a dollar sign
723: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
724: it is anchored at the end of each word.
725: Inside
726: .Ar new_string ,
727: an ampersand
728: .Pq Ql &
729: is replaced by
1.10 millert 730: .Ar old_string
731: (without any
732: .Ql ^
733: or
734: .Ql \&$ ) .
1.1 deraadt 735: Any character may be used as a delimiter for the parts of the modifier
736: string.
737: The anchoring, ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a
738: backslash
739: .Pq Ql \e .
740: .Pp
741: Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
742: .Ar old_string
743: and
744: .Ar new_string
745: with the single exception that a backslash is used to prevent the expansion
746: of a dollar sign
1.10 millert 747: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
1.1 deraadt 748: not a preceding dollar sign as is usual.
1.10 millert 749: .Sm off
1.58 espie 750: .It Cm :C No \&/ Ar pattern Xo
1.10 millert 751: .No \&/ Ar replacement
752: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
753: .Xc
754: .Sm on
755: The
1.58 espie 756: .Cm :C
1.10 millert 757: modifier is just like the
1.58 espie 758: .Cm :S
1.13 deraadt 759: modifier except that the old and new strings, instead of being
1.10 millert 760: simple strings, are a regular expression (see
761: .Xr regex 3 )
762: and an
763: .Xr ed 1 Ns \-style
1.28 aaron 764: replacement string.
765: Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern in
766: each word of the value is changed.
767: The
1.10 millert 768: .Ql 1
769: modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one word; the
770: .Ql g
771: modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many instances of the
1.28 aaron 772: search pattern as occur in the word or words it is found in.
773: Note that
1.10 millert 774: .Ql 1
775: and
776: .Ql g
777: are orthogonal; the former specifies whether multiple words are
778: potentially affected, the latter whether multiple substitutions can
779: potentially occur within each affected word.
1.58 espie 780: .It Cm :T
1.1 deraadt 781: Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
1.59 jmc 782: .It Ar :old_string Ns = Ns Ar new_string
1.1 deraadt 783: This is the
784: .At V
785: style variable substitution.
786: It must be the last modifier specified.
1.9 millert 787: If
1.1 deraadt 788: .Ar old_string
789: or
790: .Ar new_string
791: do not contain the pattern matching character
792: .Ar %
1.9 millert 793: then it is assumed that they are
1.1 deraadt 794: anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or entire
1.28 aaron 795: words may be replaced.
796: Otherwise
1.1 deraadt 797: .Ar %
1.9 millert 798: is the substring of
799: .Ar old_string
1.1 deraadt 800: to be replaced in
1.53 jmc 801: .Ar new_string .
1.1 deraadt 802: .El
1.53 jmc 803: .Pp
1.50 jmc 804: All modifiers are BSD extensions, except for the standard
1.46 espie 805: .At V
806: style variable substitution.
1.1 deraadt 807: .Sh INCLUDE STATEMENTS, CONDITIONALS AND FOR LOOPS
1.28 aaron 808: Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent
1.1 deraadt 809: of the C programming language are provided in
810: .Nm make .
811: All such structures are identified by a line beginning with a single
812: dot
813: .Pq Ql \&.
814: character.
1.46 espie 815: Whitespace characters may follow this dot, e.g.,
1.57 jmc 816: .Bd -literal -offset indent
817: \&.include <file>
1.46 espie 818: .Ed
819: and
1.57 jmc 820: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
821: \&. include <file>
1.46 espie 822: .Ed
1.57 jmc 823: .Pp
1.46 espie 824: are identical constructs.
1.1 deraadt 825: Files are included with either
826: .Ql .include <file>
827: or
828: .Ql .include \*qfile\*q .
829: Variables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded
830: to form the file name.
831: If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is expected to be in
832: the system makefile directory.
833: If double quotes are used, the including makefile's directory and any
834: directories specified using the
835: .Fl I
836: option are searched before the system
837: makefile directory.
838: .Pp
839: Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
840: character of a line.
841: The possible conditionals are as follows:
842: .Bl -tag -width Ds
843: .It Ic .undef Ar variable
844: Un-define the specified global variable.
845: Only global variables may be un-defined.
846: .It Xo
847: .Ic \&.if
848: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar expression
849: .Op Ar operator expression ...
850: .Xc
851: Test the value of an expression.
852: .It Xo
853: .Ic .ifdef
854: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
855: .Op Ar operator variable ...
856: .Xc
857: Test the value of a variable.
858: .It Xo
859: .Ic .ifndef
860: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
861: .Op Ar operator variable ...
862: .Xc
863: Test the value of a variable.
864: .It Xo
865: .Ic .ifmake
866: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
867: .Op Ar operator target ...
868: .Xc
869: Test the target being built.
870: .It Xo
871: .Ic .ifnmake
872: .Oo \&! Oc Ar target
873: .Op Ar operator target ...
874: .Xc
875: Test the target being built.
876: .It Ic .else
877: Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
878: .It Xo
879: .Ic .elif
880: .Oo \&! Oc Ar expression
881: .Op Ar operator expression ...
882: .Xc
883: A combination of
1.54 jmc 884: .Sq Ic .else
1.1 deraadt 885: followed by
1.54 jmc 886: .Sq Ic .if .
1.1 deraadt 887: .It Xo
888: .Ic .elifdef
889: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
890: .Op Ar operator variable ...
891: .Xc
892: A combination of
1.54 jmc 893: .Sq Ic .else
1.1 deraadt 894: followed by
1.54 jmc 895: .Sq Ic .ifdef .
1.1 deraadt 896: .It Xo
897: .Ic .elifndef
898: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
899: .Op Ar operator variable ...
900: .Xc
901: A combination of
1.54 jmc 902: .Sq Ic .else
1.1 deraadt 903: followed by
1.54 jmc 904: .Sq Ic .ifndef .
1.1 deraadt 905: .It Xo
906: .Ic .elifmake
907: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
908: .Op Ar operator target ...
909: .Xc
910: A combination of
1.54 jmc 911: .Sq Ic .else
1.1 deraadt 912: followed by
1.54 jmc 913: .Sq Ic .ifmake .
1.1 deraadt 914: .It Xo
915: .Ic .elifnmake
916: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
917: .Op Ar operator target ...
918: .Xc
919: A combination of
1.54 jmc 920: .Sq Ic .else
1.1 deraadt 921: followed by
1.54 jmc 922: .Sq Ic .ifnmake .
1.1 deraadt 923: .It Ic .endif
924: End the body of the conditional.
925: .El
926: .Pp
927: The
928: .Ar operator
929: may be any one of the following:
930: .Bl -tag -width "Cm XX"
931: .It Cm \&|\&|
932: logical OR
933: .It Cm \&&&
934: Logical
935: .Tn AND ;
936: of higher precedence than
1.46 espie 937: .Dq \&|\&| .
1.1 deraadt 938: .El
939: .Pp
940: As in C,
1.19 aaron 941: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 942: will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to determine
943: its value.
1.9 millert 944: Parentheses may be used to change the order of evaluation.
1.1 deraadt 945: The boolean operator
1.54 jmc 946: .Sq Ic \&!
1.1 deraadt 947: may be used to logically negate an entire
948: conditional.
949: It is of higher precedence than
1.54 jmc 950: .Sq Ic \&&& .
1.1 deraadt 951: .Pp
952: The value of
953: .Ar expression
954: may be any of the following:
1.54 jmc 955: .Bl -tag -width defined
1.1 deraadt 956: .It Ic defined
957: Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if the variable
958: has been defined.
959: .It Ic make
960: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
961: was specified as part of
962: .Nm make Ns 's
963: command line or was declared the default target (either implicitly or
964: explicitly, see
965: .Va .MAIN )
966: before the line containing the conditional.
967: .It Ic empty
968: Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true if
969: the expansion of the variable would result in an empty string.
970: .It Ic exists
971: Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the file exists.
972: The file is searched for on the system search path (see
973: .Va .PATH ) .
974: .It Ic target
975: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
976: has been defined.
977: .El
978: .Pp
1.14 aaron 979: .Ar expression
1.28 aaron 980: may also be an arithmetic or string comparison.
981: Variable expansion is
1.1 deraadt 982: performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the integral
1.28 aaron 983: values are compared.
984: A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if it is
1.1 deraadt 985: preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not supported.
1.28 aaron 986: The standard C relational operators are all supported.
987: If after
1.1 deraadt 988: variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a
1.54 jmc 989: .Sq Ic ==
1.1 deraadt 990: or
1.54 jmc 991: .Sq Ic "!="
1.1 deraadt 992: operator is not an integral value, then
993: string comparison is performed between the expanded
994: variables.
995: If no relational operator is given, it is assumed that the expanded
996: variable is being compared against 0.
997: .Pp
998: When
1.19 aaron 999: .Nm
1.14 aaron 1000: is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it encounters
1.19 aaron 1001: a word it doesn't recognize, either the
1002: .Dq make
1003: or
1004: .Dq defined
1.1 deraadt 1005: expression is applied to it, depending on the form of the conditional.
1006: If the form is
1.54 jmc 1007: .Sq Ic .ifdef
1.1 deraadt 1008: or
1.54 jmc 1009: .Sq Ic .ifndef ,
1.19 aaron 1010: the
1011: .Dq defined
1012: expression is applied.
1.1 deraadt 1013: Similarly, if the form is
1.54 jmc 1014: .Sq Ic .ifmake
1.1 deraadt 1015: or
1.54 jmc 1016: .Sq Ic .ifnmake ,
1.19 aaron 1017: the
1018: .Dq make
1.1 deraadt 1019: expression is applied.
1020: .Pp
1021: If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile continues
1022: as before.
1023: If it evaluates to false, the following lines are skipped.
1024: In both cases this continues until a
1.54 jmc 1025: .Sq Ic .else
1.1 deraadt 1026: or
1.54 jmc 1027: .Sq Ic .endif
1.1 deraadt 1028: is found.
1.9 millert 1029: .Pp
1.1 deraadt 1030: For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1031: The syntax of a for loop is:
1.54 jmc 1032: .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
1033: .Xo
1034: .Ic .for Ar variable Op Ar variable ...
1.9 millert 1035: .Ic in
1.1 deraadt 1036: .Ar expression
1037: .Xc
1.54 jmc 1038: <make-rules>
1.1 deraadt 1039: .Ic \&.endfor
1.54 jmc 1040: .Ed
1041: .Pp
1.1 deraadt 1042: After the for
1.14 aaron 1043: .Ar expression
1.28 aaron 1044: is evaluated, it is split into words.
1.50 jmc 1045: On each iteration of the loop, one word is assigned to each
1.41 espie 1046: .Ar variable ,
1047: in order,
1.50 jmc 1048: and these
1049: .Ar variables
1.41 espie 1050: are substituted in the
1.9 millert 1051: .Ic make-rules
1.1 deraadt 1052: inside the body of the for loop.
1.41 espie 1053: The number of words must match the number of iteration variables;
1054: that is, if there are three iteration variables, the number of words
1.48 pvalchev 1055: must be a multiple of three.
1.45 espie 1056: .Pp
1057: Loops and conditional expressions may nest arbitrarily, but
1058: they may not cross include file boundaries.
1.1 deraadt 1059: .Sh COMMENTS
1060: Comments begin with a hash
1061: .Pq Ql \&#
1062: character, anywhere but in a shell
1063: command line, and continue to the end of the line.
1064: .Sh SPECIAL SOURCES
1.54 jmc 1065: .Bl -tag -width ".PRECIOUS"
1.1 deraadt 1066: .It Ic .IGNORE
1067: Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this target, exactly
1068: as if they all were preceded by a dash
1069: .Pq Ql \- .
1.10 millert 1070: .It Ic .MADE
1.19 aaron 1071: Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1.1 deraadt 1072: .It Ic .MAKE
1073: Execute the commands associated with this target even if the
1074: .Fl n
1075: or
1076: .Fl t
1077: options were specified.
1078: Normally used to mark recursive
1079: .Nm make Ns 's .
1080: .It Ic .NOTMAIN
1081: Normally
1.19 aaron 1082: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1083: selects the first target it encounters as the default target to be built
1084: if no target was specified.
1085: This source prevents this target from being selected.
1086: .It Ic .OPTIONAL
1087: If a target is marked with this attribute and
1.19 aaron 1088: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1089: can't figure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1090: the file isn't needed or already exists.
1091: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1092: When
1.19 aaron 1093: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1094: is interrupted, it removes any partially made targets.
1095: This source prevents the target from being removed.
1096: .It Ic .SILENT
1097: Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target, exactly
1098: as if they all were preceded by an at sign
1099: .Pq Ql @ .
1100: .It Ic .USE
1101: Turn the target into
1.14 aaron 1102: .Nm make Ns 's
1.1 deraadt 1103: version of a macro.
1104: When the target is used as a source for another target, the other target
1105: acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1106: .Ic .USE )
1107: of the
1108: source.
1109: If the target already has commands, the
1110: .Ic .USE
1111: target's commands are appended
1112: to them.
1.4 deraadt 1113: .It Ic .WAIT
1.48 pvalchev 1114: If
1.4 deraadt 1115: .Ic .WAIT
1.48 pvalchev 1116: appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede it are
1.28 aaron 1117: made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1.48 pvalchev 1118: Loops are not
1.4 deraadt 1119: detected and targets that form loops will be silently ignored.
1.1 deraadt 1120: .El
1121: .Sh "SPECIAL TARGETS"
1.29 aaron 1122: Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e., they must be
1.1 deraadt 1123: the only target specified.
1.54 jmc 1124: .Bl -tag -width ".NOTPARALLEL"
1.1 deraadt 1125: .It Ic .BEGIN
1126: Any command lines attached to this target are executed before anything
1127: else is done.
1128: .It Ic .DEFAULT
1129: This is sort of a
1130: .Ic .USE
1131: rule for any target (that was used only as a
1132: source) that
1.19 aaron 1133: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1134: can't figure out any other way to create.
1135: Only the shell script is used.
1136: The
1137: .Ic .IMPSRC
1138: variable of a target that inherits
1139: .Ic .DEFAULT Ns 's
1140: commands is set
1141: to the target's own name.
1142: .It Ic .END
1143: Any command lines attached to this target are executed after everything
1144: else is done.
1145: .It Ic .IGNORE
1146: Mark each of the sources with the
1147: .Ic .IGNORE
1148: attribute.
1149: If no sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1150: .Fl i
1151: option.
1.18 espie 1152: .It Ic .INCLUDES
1153: A list of suffixes that indicate files that can be included in a source
1.28 aaron 1154: file.
1155: The suffix must have already been declared with
1.18 espie 1156: .Ic .SUFFIXES ,
1.48 pvalchev 1157: any suffix so declared will have the directories in its search path (see
1.18 espie 1158: .Ic .PATH )
1.19 aaron 1159: placed in the
1.18 espie 1160: .Va .INCLUDES
1.19 aaron 1161: special variable, each preceded by a
1162: .Fl I
1.18 espie 1163: flag.
1.1 deraadt 1164: .It Ic .INTERRUPT
1165: If
1.19 aaron 1166: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1167: is interrupted, the commands for this target will be executed.
1.18 espie 1168: .It Ic .LIBS
1.19 aaron 1169: This does for libraries what
1170: .Ic .INCLUDES
1.18 espie 1171: does for include files, except that the flag used is
1172: .Fl L .
1.1 deraadt 1173: .It Ic .MAIN
1174: If no target is specified when
1.19 aaron 1175: .Nm
1.28 aaron 1176: is invoked, this target will be built.
1177: This is always set, either
1.19 aaron 1178: explicitly, or implicitly when
1179: .Nm
1.16 espie 1180: selects the default target, to give the user a way to refer to the default
1181: target on the command line.
1.1 deraadt 1182: .It Ic .MAKEFLAGS
1183: This target provides a way to specify flags for
1.19 aaron 1184: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 1185: when the makefile is used.
1186: The flags are as if typed to the shell, though the
1187: .Fl f
1188: option will have
1189: no effect.
1.4 deraadt 1190: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1191: .\" .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1192: .\" The named targets are executed in non parallel mode. If no targets are
1193: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in non parallel mode.
1194: .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1195: Disable parallel mode.
1196: .It Ic .NO_PARALLEL
1197: Same as above, for compatibility with other pmake variants.
1198: .It Ic .ORDER
1199: The named targets are made in sequence.
1200: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1201: .\" .It Ic .PARALLEL
1202: .\" The named targets are executed in parallel mode. If no targets are
1203: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in parallel mode.
1.1 deraadt 1204: .It Ic .PATH
1205: The sources are directories which are to be searched for files not
1206: found in the current directory.
1207: If no sources are specified, any previously specified directories are
1208: deleted.
1.18 espie 1209: .It Ic .PATH\fIsuffix\fR
1210: The sources are directories which are to be searched for suffixed files
1211: not found in the current directory.
1.19 aaron 1212: .Nm
1213: first searches the suffixed search path, before reverting to the default
1.18 espie 1214: path if the file is not found there.
1.6 niklas 1215: .It Ic .PHONY
1216: Apply the
1217: .Ic .PHONY
1.28 aaron 1218: attribute to any specified sources.
1219: Targets with this attribute are always
1.6 niklas 1220: considered to be out of date.
1.1 deraadt 1221: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1222: Apply the
1223: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1224: attribute to any specified sources.
1225: If no sources are specified, the
1226: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1227: attribute is applied to every
1228: target in the file.
1229: .It Ic .SILENT
1230: Apply the
1231: .Ic .SILENT
1232: attribute to any specified sources.
1233: If no sources are specified, the
1234: .Ic .SILENT
1235: attribute is applied to every
1236: command in the file.
1237: .It Ic .SUFFIXES
1238: Each source specifies a suffix to
1239: .Nm make .
1.61 jmc 1240: If no sources are specified, any previously specified suffixes are deleted.
1.35 aaron 1241: .El
1.1 deraadt 1242: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
1.19 aaron 1243: .Nm
1.15 espie 1244: uses the following environment variables, if they exist:
1.9 millert 1245: .Ev MACHINE ,
1.15 espie 1246: .Ev MACHINE_ARCH ,
1.9 millert 1247: .Ev MAKEFLAGS ,
1248: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR ,
1.15 espie 1249: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX ,
1.1 deraadt 1250: and
1.9 millert 1251: .Ev PWD .
1.30 espie 1252: .Nm
1.31 aaron 1253: also ignores and unsets
1.30 espie 1254: .Ev CDPATH .
1.1 deraadt 1255: .Sh FILES
1256: .Bl -tag -width /usr/share/mk -compact
1.14 aaron 1257: .It Pa .depend
1.1 deraadt 1258: list of dependencies
1.15 espie 1259: .It Pa BSDmakefile
1260: list of dependencies
1.14 aaron 1261: .It Pa Makefile
1.1 deraadt 1262: list of dependencies
1.14 aaron 1263: .It Pa makefile
1.1 deraadt 1264: list of dependencies
1.14 aaron 1265: .It Pa sys.mk
1.1 deraadt 1266: system makefile
1.14 aaron 1267: .It Pa /usr/share/mk
1.1 deraadt 1268: system makefile directory
1.62 jmc 1269: .It Pa /usr/obj
1.19 aaron 1270: default
1.52 jmc 1271: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1.57 jmc 1272: directory
1.1 deraadt 1273: .El
1.37 aaron 1274: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.57 jmc 1275: .Xr ed 1 ,
1276: .Xr mkdep 1 ,
1277: .Xr sh 1 ,
1278: .Xr getcwd 3 ,
1279: .Xr regex 3 ,
1280: .Xr uname 3
1.37 aaron 1281: .Pp
1.63 jmc 1282: "Make \(em A Tutorial",
1283: .Pa /usr/share/doc/psd/12.make/ .
1.52 jmc 1284: .Sh STANDARDS
1.43 espie 1285: .Nm
1286: mostly conforms to the Single Unix Specification, Version 2,
1287: with some noted extensions and a few problems.
1288: .Pp
1.37 aaron 1289: Older versions of
1290: .Nm
1291: used
1292: .Ev MAKE
1293: instead of
1294: .Ev MAKEFLAGS .
1295: This was removed for POSIX compatibility.
1296: The internal variable
1297: .Va MAKE
1298: is set to the same value as
1.48 pvalchev 1299: .Va .MAKE .
1300: Support for this may be removed in the future.
1.37 aaron 1301: .Pp
1302: Most of the more esoteric features of
1303: .Nm
1304: should probably be avoided for greater compatibility.
1305: .Sh HISTORY
1306: A
1307: .Nm
1308: command appeared in
1309: .At v7 .
1.17 espie 1310: .Sh BUGS
1.18 espie 1311: The determination of
1312: .Va .OBJDIR
1.19 aaron 1313: is contorted to the point of absurdity.
1.18 espie 1314: .Pp
1.50 jmc 1315: If the same target is specified several times in normal dependency rules,
1.31 aaron 1316: .Nm
1.27 espie 1317: silently ignores all commands after the first non empty set of commands,
1.31 aaron 1318: e.g., in
1.57 jmc 1319: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.27 espie 1320: a:
1321: @echo "Executed"
1322: a:
1323: @echo "Bad luck"
1324: .Ed
1325: .Pp
1326: @echo "Bad luck" will be silently ignored.
1.18 espie 1327: .Pp
1328: .Va .TARGETS
1329: is not set to the default target when
1.19 aaron 1330: .Nm
1.18 espie 1331: is invoked without a target name and no
1.19 aaron 1332: .Ic MAIN
1.18 espie 1333: special target exists.
1334: .Pp
1.17 espie 1335: The evaluation of
1336: .Ar expression
1.28 aaron 1337: in a test is very simple-minded.
1338: Currently, the only form that works is
1.48 pvalchev 1339: .Ql .if ${VAR} op something \.
1.50 jmc 1340: For instance, tests should be written as
1.64 ! mbalmer 1341: .Ql .if ${VAR} == "string" ,
1.17 espie 1342: not the other way around, which doesn't work.
1343: .Pp
1344: For loops are expanded before tests, so a fragment such as:
1.57 jmc 1345: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.17 espie 1346: \&.for TMACHINE in ${SHARED_ARCHS}
1.64 ! mbalmer 1347: \&.if ${TMACHINE} == ${MACHINE}
1.17 espie 1348: ...
1349: \&.endif
1.32 ericj 1350: \&.endfor
1.17 espie 1351: .Ed
1.25 espie 1352: .Pp
1.17 espie 1353: won't work, and should be rewritten the other way around.
1.21 espie 1354: .Pp
1.31 aaron 1355: When handling pre-BSD 4.4 archives,
1.21 espie 1356: .Nm
1357: may erroneously mark archive members as out of date if the archive name
1358: was truncated.
1.26 espie 1359: .Pp
1.57 jmc 1360: The handling of
1361: .Sq ;\&
1362: and other special characters in tests may be utterly bogus.
1.28 aaron 1363: For instance, in
1.57 jmc 1364: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.25 espie 1365: \&A=abcd;c.c
1366: \&.if ${A:R} == "abcd;c"
1367: .Ed
1368: .Pp
1369: the test will never match, even though the value is correct.
1.26 espie 1370: .Pp
1.28 aaron 1371: The conditional handler is incredibly lame.
1372: Junk such as
1.57 jmc 1373: .Pp
1374: .Dl \&.if defined anything goes (A)
1.26 espie 1375: .Pp
1376: will be accepted silently.
1.25 espie 1377: .Pp
1.57 jmc 1378: In a .for loop, only the variable value is used; assignments will be
1.25 espie 1379: evaluated later, e.g., in
1.57 jmc 1380: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.25 espie 1381: \&.for I in a b c d
1382: I:=${I:S/a/z}
1383: A+=$I
1384: \&.endfor
1385: .Ed
1.57 jmc 1386: .Pp
1387: .Sq A
1388: will evaluate to a b c d after the loop, not z b c d.
1.33 espie 1389: .Pp
1.50 jmc 1390: The
1.33 espie 1391: .Ql +
1392: command modificator is ignored in parallel make mode.
![[BACK]](/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to make.1 CVS log ![[TXT]](/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [local] / src / usr.bin / make