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For open/openat, if the flags parameter does not contain O_CREAT, the
3rd (variadic) mode_t parameter is irrelevant.  Many developers in the past
have passed mode_t (0, 044, 0644, or such), which might lead future people
to copy this broken idiom, and perhaps even believe this parameter has some
meaning or implication or application. Delete them all.
This comes out of a conversation where tb@ noticed that a strange (but
intentional) pledge behaviour is to always knock-out high-bits from
mode_t on a number of system calls as a safety factor, and his bewilderment
that this appeared to be happening against valid modes (at least visually),
but no sorry, they are all irrelevant junk.  They could all be 0xdeafbeef.
ok millert

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2015 Alexandre Ratchov <alex@caoua.org>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */
#include <err.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sndio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

char usagestr[] = "usage: midicat [-d] [-i in-file] [-o out-file] "
	"[-q in-port] [-q out-port]\n";

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
#define MIDI_BUFSZ	1024
	unsigned char buf[MIDI_BUFSZ];
	struct mio_hdl *ih, *oh;
	char *port0, *port1, *ifile, *ofile;
	int ifd, ofd;
	int dump, c, i, len, n, sep, mode;

	dump = 0;
	port0 = port1 = ifile = ofile = NULL;
	ih = oh = NULL;
	ifd = ofd = -1;

	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "di:o:q:")) != -1) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'd':
			dump = 1;
			break;
		case 'q':
			if (port0 == NULL)
				port0 = optarg;
			else if (port1 == NULL)
				port1 = optarg;
			else {
				fputs("too many -q options\n", stderr);
				return 1;
			}
			break;
		case 'i':
			ifile = optarg;
			break;
		case 'o':
			ofile = optarg;
			break;
		default:
			goto bad_usage;
		}
	}
	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;
	if (argc != 0) {
	bad_usage:
		fputs(usagestr, stderr);
		return 1;
	}

	/* we don't support more than one data flow */
	if (ifile != NULL && ofile != NULL) {
		fputs("-i and -o are exclusive\n", stderr);
		return 1;
	}

	/* second port makes sense only for port-to-port transfers */
	if (port1 != NULL && !(ifile == NULL && ofile == NULL)) {
		fputs("too many -q options\n", stderr);
		return 1;
	}

	/* if there're neither files nor ports, then we've nothing to do */
	if (port0 == NULL && ifile == NULL && ofile == NULL)
		goto bad_usage;

	/* if no port specified, use default one */
	if (port0 == NULL)
		port0 = MIO_PORTANY;

	/* open input or output file (if any) */
	if (ifile) {
		if (strcmp(ifile, "-") == 0)
			ifd = STDIN_FILENO;
		else {
			ifd = open(ifile, O_RDONLY);
			if (ifd == -1) {
				perror(ifile);
				return 1;
			}
		}
	} else if (ofile) {
		if (strcmp(ofile, "-") == 0)
			ofd = STDOUT_FILENO;
		else {
			ofd = open(ofile, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
			if (ofd == -1) {
				perror(ofile);
				return 1;
			}
		}
	}

	/* open first port for input and output (if output needed) */
	if (ofile)
		mode = MIO_IN;
	else if (ifile)
		mode = MIO_OUT;
	else if (port1 == NULL)
		mode = MIO_IN | MIO_OUT;
	else
		mode = MIO_IN;
	ih = mio_open(port0, mode, 0);
	if (ih == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: couldn't open port\n", port0);
		return 1;
	}

	/* open second port, output only */
	if (port1 == NULL)
		oh = ih;
	else {
		oh = mio_open(port1, MIO_OUT, 0);
		if (oh == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: couldn't open port\n", port1);
			exit(1);
		}
	}

	if (pledge("stdio", NULL) == -1)
		err(1, "pledge");

	/* transfer until end-of-file or error */
	for (;;) {
		if (ifile != NULL) {
			len = read(ifd, buf, sizeof(buf));
			if (len == 0)
				break;
			if (len == -1) {
				perror("stdin");
				break;
			}
		} else {
			len = mio_read(ih, buf, sizeof(buf));
			if (len == 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: disconnected\n", port0);
				break;
			}
		}
		if (ofile != NULL) {
			n = write(ofd, buf, len);
			if (n != len) {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: short write\n", ofile);
				break;
			}
		} else {
			n = mio_write(oh, buf, len);
			if (n != len) {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: disconnected\n", port1);
				break;
			}
		}
		if (dump) {
			for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
				sep = (i % 16 == 15 || i == len - 1) ?
				    '\n' : ' ';
				fprintf(stderr, "%02x%c", buf[i], sep);
			}
		}
	}

	/* clean-up */
	if (port0)
		mio_close(ih);
	if (port1)
		mio_close(oh);
	if (ifile)
		close(ifd);
	if (ofile)
		close(ofd);
	return 0;
}