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Diff for /src/usr.bin/more/Attic/more.1 between version 1.2 and 1.3

version 1.2, 1996/01/29 00:55:13 version 1.3, 1996/09/28 21:58:45
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 .\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.  .\" Copyright (c) 1980 The Regents of the University of California.
 .\" Copyright (c) 1988 Mark Nudleman  
 .\" All rights reserved.  .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without  .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF  .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.  .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"  .\"
 .\"     from: @(#)more.1        5.15 (Berkeley) 7/29/91  .\"     @(#)more.1      6.6 (Berkeley) 4/18/91
 .\"     $Id$  
 .\"  .\"
 .Dd July 29, 1991  .TH MORE 1 "April 18, 1991"
 .Dt MORE 1  .UC 4
 .Os  .SH NAME
 .Sh NAME  more, page \- file perusal filter for crt viewing
 .Nm more  .SH SYNOPSIS
 .Nd file perusal filter for crt viewing  .B more
 .Sh SYNOPSIS  [
 .Nm more  .B \-cdflsu
 .Op Fl ceinus  ]
 .Op Fl t Ar tag  [
 .Op Fl x Ar tabs  .B \-\fIn\fP
 .Op Fl / Ar pattern  ]
 .Op Fl #  [
 .Op Ar  .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
 .Sh DESCRIPTION  ]
 .Nm More  [
 is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time.  It  .B +/\fIpattern\fP
 uses  ] [ name ...  ]
 .Xr termcap  3  .LP
 so it can run on a variety of terminals.  There is even limited support  .B page
 for hardcopy terminals.  (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be  .I "more options"
 printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with an up-arrow.)  .SH DESCRIPTION
 .Ar File  .I  More
 may be a single dash (``-''), implying stdin.  is a filter which allows examination of a continuous text
 .Sh OPTIONS  one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal.
 Command line options are described below.  It normally pauses after each screenful, printing --More--
 Options are also taken from the environment variable  at the bottom of the screen.
 .Ev MORE  If the user then types a carriage return, one more line is displayed.
 (make sure to precede them with a dash (``-'')) but command  If the user hits a space,
 line options will override them.  another screenful is displayed.  Other possibilities are enumerated later.
 .Bl -tag -width flag  .PP
 .It Fl c  The command line options are:
   .TP
   .I \-n
   An integer which is the size (in lines) of the window which
   .I more
   will use instead of the default.
   .TP
   .B \-c
   .I More
   will draw each page by beginning at the top of the screen and erasing
   each line just before it draws on it.
   This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to read while
   .I more
   is writing.
   This option will be ignored if the terminal does not have the ability
   to clear to the end of a line.
   .TP
   .B \-d
   .I More
   will prompt the user with the message "Press
   space to continue, \'q\' to quit." at the end of each screenful,
   and will respond to subsequent illegal user input by
   printing "Press \'h\' for instructions." instead of ringing the bell.
   This is useful if
   .I more
   is being used as a filter in some setting,
   such as a class,
   where many users may be unsophisticated.
   .TP
   .B \-f
   This causes
   .I more
   to count logical, rather than screen lines.
   That is, long lines are not folded.
   This option is recommended if
   .I nroff
   output is being piped through
   .I ul,
   since the latter may generate escape sequences.
   These escape sequences contain characters which would ordinarily occupy
   screen positions, but which do not print when they are sent to the
   terminal as part of an escape sequence.
   Thus
   .I more
   may think that lines are longer than they actually are, and fold
   lines erroneously.
   .TP
   .B \-l
   Do
   not treat ^\&L (form feed) specially.
   If this option is not given,
   .I more
   will pause after any line that contains a ^\&L, as if the end of a
   screenful had been reached.
   Also, if a file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared
   before the file is printed.
   .TP
   .B \-s
   Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing only one blank
   line.  Especially helpful when viewing
   .I nroff
   output, this option maximizes the useful information present on the screen.
   .TP
   .B \-u
 Normally,  Normally,
 .Nm more  .I more
 will repaint the screen by scrolling from the bottom of the screen.  will handle underlining such as produced by
 If the  .I nroff
 .Fl c  in a manner appropriate to the particular terminal:  if the terminal can
 option is set, when  perform underlining or has a stand-out mode,
 .Nm more  .I more
 needs to change the entire display, it will paint from the top line down.  will output appropriate escape sequences to enable underlining or stand-out
 .It Fl d  mode for underlined information in the source file.  The
 The  .I \-u
 .Fl d  option suppresses this processing.
 option causes the default prompt to include the basic directions  .TP
 ``[Press space to continue, 'q' to quit.]''.  The  .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
 .Fl d  Start up at \fIlinenumber\fP.
 option also causes the message ``[Press 'h' for instructions.]'' to be  .TP
 displayed when an invalid command is entered (normally, the bell is  .B +/\fIpattern\fP
 rung).  This option is useful in environments where users may not be  Start up two lines before the line containing the
 experienced with pagers.  regular expression \fIpattern\fP.
 .It Fl e  .PP
 Normally, if displaying a single file,  If the program is invoked as
 .Nm more  .I page,
 exits as soon as it reaches end-of-file.  The  then the screen is cleared before each screenful is printed (but only
 .Fl e  if a full screenful is being printed), and
 option tells more to  .I k
 exit if it reaches end-of-file twice without an intervening operation.  \- 1 rather
 If the file is shorter than a single screen  than
 .Nm more  .I k
 will exit at end-of-file regardless.  \- 2 lines are printed in each screenful, where
 .It Fl i  .I k
 The  is the number of lines the terminal can display.
 .Fl i  .PP
 option causes searches to ignore case; that is,  .I More
 uppercase and lowercase are considered identical.  looks in the file
 .It Fl n  .I /etc/termcap
 The  to determine terminal characteristics,
 .Fl n  and to determine the default window size.
 flag suppresses line numbers.  On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines,
 The default (to use line numbers) may cause  the default window size is 22 lines.
 .Nm more  .PP
 to run more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large input file.  .I More
 Suppressing line numbers with the  looks in the environment variable
 .Fl n  .I MORE
 flag will avoid this problem.  to pre-set any flags desired.  For example, if you prefer to view files using
 Using line numbers means: the line number will be displayed in the  the
 .Cm =  .I \-c
 command, and the  mode of operation, the
 .Cm v  .I csh
 command will pass the current line number to the editor.  command
 .It Fl s  .I "setenv MORE -c"
 The  or the
 .Fl s  .I sh
 option causes  command sequence
 consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line.  .I "MORE='-c' ; export MORE"
 .It Fl t  would cause all invocations of
 The  .I more ,
 .Fl t  including invocations by programs such as
 option, followed immediately by a tag, will edit the file  .I man
 containing that tag.  For more information, see the  and
 .Xr ctags  1  .I msgs ,
 command.  to use this mode.
 .It Fl u  Normally, the user will place the command sequence which sets up the
 By default,  .I MORE
 .Nm more  environment variable in the
 treats backspaces and  .I .cshrc
 .Dv CR-LF  or
 sequences specially.  Backspaces which appear  .I .profile
 adjacent to an underscore character are displayed as underlined text.  file.
 Backspaces which appear between two identical characters are displayed  .PP
 as emboldened text.  If
 .Dv CR-LF  .I more
 sequences are compressed to a single linefeed  is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a percentage is displayed
 character.  The  along with the --More-- prompt.
 .Fl u  This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not lines) that has been
 option causes backspaces to always be displayed as  read so far.
 control characters, i.e. as the two character sequence ``^H'', and  .PP
 .Dv CR-LF  Other sequences which may be typed when
 to be left alone.  .I more
 .It Fl x  pauses, and their effects, are as follows (\fIi\fP is an optional integer
 The  argument, defaulting to 1) :
 .Fl x  .PP
 option sets tab stops every  .IP \fIi\|\fP<space>
 .Ar N  display
 positions. The default for  .I i
 .Ar N  more lines, (or another screenful if no argument is given)
 is 8.  .PP
 .It Fl /  .IP ^D
 The  display 11 more lines (a ``scroll'').
 .Fl /  If
 option specifies a string that will be searched for before  .I i
 each file is displayed.  is given, then the scroll size is set to \fIi\|\fP.
 .Sh COMMANDS  .PP
 Interactive commands for  .IP d
 .Nm more  same as ^D (control-D)
 are based on  .PP
 .Xr vi  1  .  .IP \fIi\|\fPz
 Some commands may be preceeded by a decimal number, called N in the  same as typing a space except that \fIi\|\fP, if present, becomes the new
 descriptions below.  window size.
 In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X.  .PP
 .Pp  .IP \fIi\|\fPs
 .Bl -tag -width Ic  skip \fIi\|\fP lines and print a screenful of lines
 .It Ic h  .PP
 Help: display a summary of these commands.  .IP \fIi\|\fPf
 If you forget all the other commands, remember this one.  skip \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
 .It Xo  .PP
 .Ic SPACE  .IP \fIi\|\fPb
 .No or  skip back \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
 .Ic f  .PP
 .No or  .IP \fIi\|\fP^B
 .Ic \&^F  same as b
 .Xc  .PP
 Scroll forward N lines, default one window.  .IP "q or Q"
 If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed.  Exit from
 .It Ic b No or Ic \&^B  .I more.
 Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z below).  .PP
 If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed.  .IP =
 .It Ic j No or Ic RETURN  Display the current line number.
 Scroll forward N lines, default 1.  .PP
 The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size.  .IP v
 .It Ic k  Start up the editor
 Scroll backward N lines, default 1.  .I vi
 The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size.  at the current line.
 .It Ic d No or Ic \&^D  .PP
 Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size.  .IP h
 If N is specified, it becomes the new default for  Help command; give a description of all the
 subsequent d and u commands.  .I more
 .It Ic u No or Ic \&^U  commands.
 Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size.  .PP
 If N is specified, it becomes the new default for  .IP \fIi\|\fP/expr
 subsequent d and u commands.  search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the regular expression \fIexpr.\fP
 .It Ic g  If there are less than \fIi\fP occurrences of \fIexpr\|\fP,
 Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file).  and the input is a file (rather than a pipe),
 .It Ic G  then the position in the file remains unchanged.
 Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file.  Otherwise, a screenful is displayed, starting two lines before the place
 .It Ic p No or Ic \&%  where the expression was found.
 Go to a position N percent into the file.  N should be between 0  The user's erase and kill characters may be used to edit the regular
 and 100.  (This works if standard input is being read, but only if  expression.
 .Nm more  Erasing back past the first column cancels the search command.
 has already read to the end of the file.  It is always fast, but  .PP
 not always useful.)  .IP \fIi\|\fPn
 .It Ic r No or Ic \&^L  search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the last regular expression entered.
 Repaint the screen.  .PP
 .It Ic R  .IP \'
 Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input.  (single quote) Go to the point from which the last search started.
 Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed.  If no search has been performed in the current file, this command
 .It Ic m  goes back to the beginning of the file.
 Followed by any lowercase letter,  .PP
 marks the current position with that letter.  .IP !command
 .It Ic \&'  invoke a shell with \fIcommand\|\fP.
 (Single quote.)  The characters `%' and `!' in "command" are replaced with the
 Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which  current file name and the previous shell command respectively.
 was previously marked with that letter.  If there is no current file name, `%' is not expanded.
 Followed by another single quote, returns to the position at  The sequences "\\%" and "\\!" are replaced by "%" and "!" respectively.
 which the last "large" movement command was executed, or the  .PP
 beginning of the file if no such movements have occurred.  .IP \fIi\|\fP:n
 All marks are lost when a new file is examined.  skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th next file given in the command line
 .It Ic \&! Ns Ar command  (skips to last file if n doesn't make sense)
 Invoke a shell command.  The characters `%', `#', and `!'  .PP
 are replaced by the current file name, previous filename  .IP \fIi\|\fP:p
 and previous shell command, respectively.  If there is no  skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th previous file given in the command line.
 current or previous filename, `%' and `#' are not expanded.  If this command is given in the middle of printing out a
 `\%' `\#' and `\!' are replaced by `%', `#' and `!',  file, then
 respectively.  .I more
 .It Ic \&/ Ns Ar pattern  goes back to the beginning of the file. If \fIi\fP doesn't make sense,
 Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern.  .I more
 N defaults to 1.  skips back to the first file.
 The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by  If
 .Xr ed .  .I more
 The search starts at the second line displayed.  is not reading from a file, the bell is rung and nothing else happens.
 .It Ic \&? Ns Ar pattern  .PP
 Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern.  .IP :f
 The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed.  display the current file name and line number.
 .It Ic \&/\&! Ns Ar pattern  .PP
 Like /, but the search is for the N-th line  .IP ":q or :Q"
 which does NOT contain the pattern.  exit from
 .It Ic \&?\&! Ns Ar pattern  .I more
 Like ?, but the search is for the N-th line  (same as q or Q).
 which does NOT contain the pattern.  .PP
 .It Ic n  .IP .
 Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern  (dot) repeat the previous command.
 (or  .PP
 .Tn NOT  The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not necessary to
 containing the last pattern, if the previous search  type a carriage return.
 was /! or ?!).  Up to the time when the command character itself is given,
 .It Ic E Ns Op Ar filename  the user may hit the line kill character to cancel the numerical
 Examine a new file.  argument being formed.
 If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the N and P commands  In addition, the user may hit the erase character to redisplay the
 below) from the list of files in the command line is re-examined.  --More--(xx%) message.
 If the filename is a pound sign (#), the previously examined file is  .PP
 re-examined.  At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the user can
 .It Ic N No or Ic \&:n  hit the quit key (normally control\-\\).
 Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line).  .I More
 If a number N is specified (not to be confused with the command N),  will stop sending output, and will display the usual --More--
 the N-th next file is examined.  prompt.
 .It Ic P No or Ic \&:p  The user may then enter one of the above commands in the normal manner.
 Examine the previous file.  Unfortunately, some output is lost when this is done, due to the
 If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined.  fact that any characters waiting in the terminal's output queue
 .It Ic \&:t  are flushed when the quit signal occurs.
 Go to supplied tag.  .PP
 .It Ic v  The terminal is set to
 Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed.  .I noecho
 The editor is taken from the environment variable  mode by this program so that the output can be continuous.
 .Ev EDITOR ,  What you type will thus not show on your terminal, except for the / and !
 or defaults to  commands.
 .Xr vi  1  .  .PP
 .It Ic \&= No or Ic \&^G  If the standard output is not a teletype, then
 These options print out the number of the file currently being displayed  .I more
 relative to the total number of files there are to display, the current  acts just like
 line number, the current byte number and the total bytes to display, and  .I cat,
 what percentage of the file has been displayed.  If  except that a header is printed before each file (if there is
 .Nm more  more than one).
 is reading from stdin, or the file is shorter than a single screen, some  .PP
 of these items may not be available.  Note, all of these items reference  .DT
 the first byte of the last line displayed on the screen.  A sample usage of
 .It Xo  .I more
 .Ic q  in previewing
 .No or  .I nroff
 .Ic \&:q  output would be
 .No or  .PP
 .Ic ZZ          nroff \-ms +2 doc.n | more -s
 .Xc  .SH FILES
 Exits  .DT
 .Nm more .  /etc/termcap            Terminal data base
 .El  .br
 .Sh ENVIRONMENT  /usr/lib/more.help      Help file
 .Nm More  .SH "SEE ALSO"
 utilizes the following environment variables, if they exist:  csh(1), man(1), msgs(1), script(1), sh(1), environ(7)
 .Bl -tag -width Fl  .SH BUGS
 .It Ev MORE  Skipping backwards is too slow on large files.
 This variable may be set with favored options to  
 .Nm more .  
 .It Ev EDITOR  
 Specify default editor.  
 .It Ev SHELL  
 Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login time).  
 .It Ev TERM  
 Specifies terminal type, used by more to get the terminal  
 characteristics necessary to manipulate the screen.  
 .El  
 .Sh SEE ALSO  
 .Xr ctags 1 ,  
 .Xr vi 1  
 .Sh AUTHOR  
 This software is derived from software contributed to Berkeley  
 by Mark Nudleman.  
 .Sh HISTORY  
 The  
 .Nm more  
 command appeared in  
 .Bx 3.0 .  
Legend:
Removed from v.1.2  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.3