Annotation of src/usr.bin/more/more.1, Revision 1.4
1.4 ! etheisen 1: .\" $OpenBSD$
1.3 etheisen 2: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 The Regents of the University of California.
1.1 deraadt 3: .\" All rights reserved.
4: .\"
5: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7: .\" are met:
8: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13: .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14: .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
15: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
16: .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17: .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18: .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19: .\" without specific prior written permission.
20: .\"
21: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22: .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24: .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25: .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26: .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27: .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28: .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29: .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30: .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31: .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
32: .\"
1.3 etheisen 33: .\" @(#)more.1 6.6 (Berkeley) 4/18/91
1.1 deraadt 34: .\"
1.3 etheisen 35: .TH MORE 1 "April 18, 1991"
36: .UC 4
37: .SH NAME
38: more, page \- file perusal filter for crt viewing
39: .SH SYNOPSIS
40: .B more
41: [
42: .B \-cdflsu
43: ]
44: [
45: .B \-\fIn\fP
46: ]
47: [
48: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
49: ]
50: [
51: .B +/\fIpattern\fP
52: ] [ name ... ]
53: .LP
54: .B page
55: .I "more options"
56: .SH DESCRIPTION
57: .I More
58: is a filter which allows examination of a continuous text
59: one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal.
60: It normally pauses after each screenful, printing --More--
61: at the bottom of the screen.
62: If the user then types a carriage return, one more line is displayed.
63: If the user hits a space,
64: another screenful is displayed. Other possibilities are enumerated later.
65: .PP
66: The command line options are:
67: .TP
68: .I \-n
69: An integer which is the size (in lines) of the window which
70: .I more
71: will use instead of the default.
72: .TP
73: .B \-c
74: .I More
75: will draw each page by beginning at the top of the screen and erasing
76: each line just before it draws on it.
77: This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to read while
78: .I more
79: is writing.
80: This option will be ignored if the terminal does not have the ability
81: to clear to the end of a line.
82: .TP
83: .B \-d
84: .I More
85: will prompt the user with the message "Press
86: space to continue, \'q\' to quit." at the end of each screenful,
87: and will respond to subsequent illegal user input by
88: printing "Press \'h\' for instructions." instead of ringing the bell.
89: This is useful if
90: .I more
91: is being used as a filter in some setting,
92: such as a class,
93: where many users may be unsophisticated.
94: .TP
95: .B \-f
96: This causes
97: .I more
98: to count logical, rather than screen lines.
99: That is, long lines are not folded.
100: This option is recommended if
101: .I nroff
102: output is being piped through
103: .I ul,
104: since the latter may generate escape sequences.
105: These escape sequences contain characters which would ordinarily occupy
106: screen positions, but which do not print when they are sent to the
107: terminal as part of an escape sequence.
108: Thus
109: .I more
110: may think that lines are longer than they actually are, and fold
111: lines erroneously.
112: .TP
113: .B \-l
114: Do
115: not treat ^\&L (form feed) specially.
116: If this option is not given,
117: .I more
118: will pause after any line that contains a ^\&L, as if the end of a
119: screenful had been reached.
120: Also, if a file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared
121: before the file is printed.
122: .TP
123: .B \-s
124: Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing only one blank
125: line. Especially helpful when viewing
126: .I nroff
127: output, this option maximizes the useful information present on the screen.
128: .TP
129: .B \-u
1.1 deraadt 130: Normally,
1.3 etheisen 131: .I more
132: will handle underlining such as produced by
133: .I nroff
134: in a manner appropriate to the particular terminal: if the terminal can
135: perform underlining or has a stand-out mode,
136: .I more
137: will output appropriate escape sequences to enable underlining or stand-out
138: mode for underlined information in the source file. The
139: .I \-u
140: option suppresses this processing.
141: .TP
142: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
143: Start up at \fIlinenumber\fP.
144: .TP
145: .B +/\fIpattern\fP
146: Start up two lines before the line containing the
147: regular expression \fIpattern\fP.
148: .PP
149: If the program is invoked as
150: .I page,
151: then the screen is cleared before each screenful is printed (but only
152: if a full screenful is being printed), and
153: .I k
154: \- 1 rather
155: than
156: .I k
157: \- 2 lines are printed in each screenful, where
158: .I k
159: is the number of lines the terminal can display.
160: .PP
161: .I More
162: looks in the file
1.4 ! etheisen 163: .I /usr/share/misc/termcap
1.3 etheisen 164: to determine terminal characteristics,
165: and to determine the default window size.
166: On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines,
167: the default window size is 22 lines.
168: .PP
169: .I More
170: looks in the environment variable
171: .I MORE
172: to pre-set any flags desired. For example, if you prefer to view files using
173: the
174: .I \-c
175: mode of operation, the
176: .I csh
177: command
178: .I "setenv MORE -c"
179: or the
180: .I sh
181: command sequence
182: .I "MORE='-c' ; export MORE"
183: would cause all invocations of
184: .I more ,
185: including invocations by programs such as
186: .I man
187: and
188: .I msgs ,
189: to use this mode.
190: Normally, the user will place the command sequence which sets up the
191: .I MORE
192: environment variable in the
193: .I .cshrc
194: or
195: .I .profile
196: file.
197: .PP
198: If
199: .I more
200: is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a percentage is displayed
201: along with the --More-- prompt.
202: This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not lines) that has been
203: read so far.
204: .PP
205: Other sequences which may be typed when
206: .I more
207: pauses, and their effects, are as follows (\fIi\fP is an optional integer
208: argument, defaulting to 1) :
209: .PP
210: .IP \fIi\|\fP<space>
211: display
212: .I i
213: more lines, (or another screenful if no argument is given)
214: .PP
215: .IP ^D
216: display 11 more lines (a ``scroll'').
217: If
218: .I i
219: is given, then the scroll size is set to \fIi\|\fP.
220: .PP
221: .IP d
222: same as ^D (control-D)
223: .PP
224: .IP \fIi\|\fPz
225: same as typing a space except that \fIi\|\fP, if present, becomes the new
226: window size.
227: .PP
228: .IP \fIi\|\fPs
229: skip \fIi\|\fP lines and print a screenful of lines
230: .PP
231: .IP \fIi\|\fPf
232: skip \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
233: .PP
234: .IP \fIi\|\fPb
235: skip back \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
236: .PP
237: .IP \fIi\|\fP^B
238: same as b
239: .PP
240: .IP "q or Q"
241: Exit from
242: .I more.
243: .PP
244: .IP =
245: Display the current line number.
246: .PP
247: .IP v
248: Start up the editor
249: .I vi
250: at the current line.
251: .PP
252: .IP h
253: Help command; give a description of all the
254: .I more
255: commands.
256: .PP
257: .IP \fIi\|\fP/expr
258: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the regular expression \fIexpr.\fP
259: If there are less than \fIi\fP occurrences of \fIexpr\|\fP,
260: and the input is a file (rather than a pipe),
261: then the position in the file remains unchanged.
262: Otherwise, a screenful is displayed, starting two lines before the place
263: where the expression was found.
264: The user's erase and kill characters may be used to edit the regular
265: expression.
266: Erasing back past the first column cancels the search command.
267: .PP
268: .IP \fIi\|\fPn
269: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the last regular expression entered.
270: .PP
271: .IP \'
272: (single quote) Go to the point from which the last search started.
273: If no search has been performed in the current file, this command
274: goes back to the beginning of the file.
275: .PP
276: .IP !command
277: invoke a shell with \fIcommand\|\fP.
278: The characters `%' and `!' in "command" are replaced with the
279: current file name and the previous shell command respectively.
280: If there is no current file name, `%' is not expanded.
281: The sequences "\\%" and "\\!" are replaced by "%" and "!" respectively.
282: .PP
283: .IP \fIi\|\fP:n
284: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th next file given in the command line
285: (skips to last file if n doesn't make sense)
286: .PP
287: .IP \fIi\|\fP:p
288: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th previous file given in the command line.
289: If this command is given in the middle of printing out a
290: file, then
291: .I more
292: goes back to the beginning of the file. If \fIi\fP doesn't make sense,
293: .I more
294: skips back to the first file.
295: If
296: .I more
297: is not reading from a file, the bell is rung and nothing else happens.
298: .PP
299: .IP :f
300: display the current file name and line number.
301: .PP
302: .IP ":q or :Q"
303: exit from
304: .I more
305: (same as q or Q).
306: .PP
307: .IP .
308: (dot) repeat the previous command.
309: .PP
310: The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not necessary to
311: type a carriage return.
312: Up to the time when the command character itself is given,
313: the user may hit the line kill character to cancel the numerical
314: argument being formed.
315: In addition, the user may hit the erase character to redisplay the
316: --More--(xx%) message.
317: .PP
318: At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the user can
319: hit the quit key (normally control\-\\).
320: .I More
321: will stop sending output, and will display the usual --More--
322: prompt.
323: The user may then enter one of the above commands in the normal manner.
324: Unfortunately, some output is lost when this is done, due to the
325: fact that any characters waiting in the terminal's output queue
326: are flushed when the quit signal occurs.
327: .PP
328: The terminal is set to
329: .I noecho
330: mode by this program so that the output can be continuous.
331: What you type will thus not show on your terminal, except for the / and !
332: commands.
333: .PP
334: If the standard output is not a teletype, then
335: .I more
336: acts just like
337: .I cat,
338: except that a header is printed before each file (if there is
339: more than one).
340: .PP
341: .DT
342: A sample usage of
343: .I more
344: in previewing
345: .I nroff
346: output would be
347: .PP
348: nroff \-ms +2 doc.n | more -s
349: .SH FILES
350: .DT
1.4 ! etheisen 351: /usr/share/misc/termcap Terminal data base
1.3 etheisen 352: .br
1.4 ! etheisen 353: /usr/share/misc/more.help Help file
1.3 etheisen 354: .SH "SEE ALSO"
355: csh(1), man(1), msgs(1), script(1), sh(1), environ(7)
356: .SH BUGS
357: Skipping backwards is too slow on large files.
![[BACK]](/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to more.1 CVS log ![[TXT]](/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [local] / src / usr.bin / more