Annotation of src/usr.bin/more/more.1, Revision 1.5
1.5 ! etheisen 1: .\" $OpenBSD: more.1,v 1.4 1996/09/28 22:20:48 etheisen Exp $
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1.3 etheisen 33: .\" @(#)more.1 6.6 (Berkeley) 4/18/91
1.1 deraadt 34: .\"
1.5 ! etheisen 35: .TH MORE 1 "October 14, 1996"
1.3 etheisen 36: .UC 4
37: .SH NAME
38: more, page \- file perusal filter for crt viewing
39: .SH SYNOPSIS
40: .B more
41: [
42: .B \-cdflsu
43: ]
44: [
45: .B \-\fIn\fP
46: ]
47: [
48: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
49: ]
50: [
51: .B +/\fIpattern\fP
52: ] [ name ... ]
53: .LP
54: .B page
55: .I "more options"
56: .SH DESCRIPTION
57: .I More
58: is a filter which allows examination of a continuous text
59: one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal.
60: It normally pauses after each screenful, printing --More--
61: at the bottom of the screen.
62: If the user then types a carriage return, one more line is displayed.
63: If the user hits a space,
64: another screenful is displayed. Other possibilities are enumerated later.
65: .PP
66: The command line options are:
67: .TP
68: .I \-n
69: An integer which is the size (in lines) of the window which
70: .I more
71: will use instead of the default.
72: .TP
73: .B \-c
74: .I More
75: will draw each page by beginning at the top of the screen and erasing
76: each line just before it draws on it.
77: This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to read while
78: .I more
79: is writing.
80: This option will be ignored if the terminal does not have the ability
81: to clear to the end of a line.
82: .TP
83: .B \-d
84: .I More
85: will prompt the user with the message "Press
86: space to continue, \'q\' to quit." at the end of each screenful,
87: and will respond to subsequent illegal user input by
88: printing "Press \'h\' for instructions." instead of ringing the bell.
89: This is useful if
90: .I more
91: is being used as a filter in some setting,
92: such as a class,
93: where many users may be unsophisticated.
94: .TP
95: .B \-f
96: This causes
97: .I more
98: to count logical, rather than screen lines.
99: That is, long lines are not folded.
100: This option is recommended if
101: .I nroff
102: output is being piped through
103: .I ul,
104: since the latter may generate escape sequences.
105: These escape sequences contain characters which would ordinarily occupy
106: screen positions, but which do not print when they are sent to the
107: terminal as part of an escape sequence.
108: Thus
109: .I more
110: may think that lines are longer than they actually are, and fold
111: lines erroneously.
112: .TP
113: .B \-l
114: Do
115: not treat ^\&L (form feed) specially.
116: If this option is not given,
117: .I more
118: will pause after any line that contains a ^\&L, as if the end of a
119: screenful had been reached.
120: Also, if a file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared
121: before the file is printed.
122: .TP
123: .B \-s
124: Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing only one blank
125: line. Especially helpful when viewing
126: .I nroff
127: output, this option maximizes the useful information present on the screen.
128: .TP
129: .B \-u
1.1 deraadt 130: Normally,
1.3 etheisen 131: .I more
132: will handle underlining such as produced by
133: .I nroff
134: in a manner appropriate to the particular terminal: if the terminal can
135: perform underlining or has a stand-out mode,
136: .I more
137: will output appropriate escape sequences to enable underlining or stand-out
138: mode for underlined information in the source file. The
139: .I \-u
140: option suppresses this processing.
141: .TP
142: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
143: Start up at \fIlinenumber\fP.
144: .TP
145: .B +/\fIpattern\fP
146: Start up two lines before the line containing the
147: regular expression \fIpattern\fP.
148: .PP
149: If the program is invoked as
150: .I page,
151: then the screen is cleared before each screenful is printed (but only
152: if a full screenful is being printed), and
153: .I k
154: \- 1 rather
155: than
156: .I k
157: \- 2 lines are printed in each screenful, where
158: .I k
159: is the number of lines the terminal can display.
160: .PP
161: .I More
162: looks in the file
1.4 etheisen 163: .I /usr/share/misc/termcap
1.3 etheisen 164: to determine terminal characteristics,
165: and to determine the default window size.
166: On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines,
167: the default window size is 22 lines.
168: .PP
169: .I More
170: looks in the environment variable
171: .I MORE
172: to pre-set any flags desired. For example, if you prefer to view files using
173: the
174: .I \-c
175: mode of operation, the
176: .I csh
177: command
178: .I "setenv MORE -c"
179: or the
180: .I sh
181: command sequence
182: .I "MORE='-c' ; export MORE"
183: would cause all invocations of
184: .I more ,
185: including invocations by programs such as
186: .I man
187: and
188: .I msgs ,
189: to use this mode.
190: Normally, the user will place the command sequence which sets up the
191: .I MORE
192: environment variable in the
193: .I .cshrc
194: or
195: .I .profile
196: file.
197: .PP
1.5 ! etheisen 198: .I More
! 199: looks in the environment variable
! 200: .I EDITOR
! 201: to determine which editor the
! 202: .I v
! 203: command invokes.
! 204: If the editor specified is
! 205: .I vi
! 206: or
! 207: .I ex
! 208: it will start at the current
! 209: .I more
! 210: line number.
! 211: If no
! 212: .I EDITOR
! 213: environment variable is specified the default
! 214: .I vi
! 215: editor will be used.
! 216: .PP
1.3 etheisen 217: If
218: .I more
219: is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a percentage is displayed
220: along with the --More-- prompt.
221: This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not lines) that has been
222: read so far.
223: .PP
224: Other sequences which may be typed when
225: .I more
226: pauses, and their effects, are as follows (\fIi\fP is an optional integer
227: argument, defaulting to 1) :
228: .PP
229: .IP \fIi\|\fP<space>
230: display
231: .I i
232: more lines, (or another screenful if no argument is given)
233: .PP
234: .IP ^D
235: display 11 more lines (a ``scroll'').
236: If
237: .I i
238: is given, then the scroll size is set to \fIi\|\fP.
239: .PP
240: .IP d
241: same as ^D (control-D)
242: .PP
243: .IP \fIi\|\fPz
244: same as typing a space except that \fIi\|\fP, if present, becomes the new
245: window size.
246: .PP
247: .IP \fIi\|\fPs
248: skip \fIi\|\fP lines and print a screenful of lines
249: .PP
250: .IP \fIi\|\fPf
251: skip \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
252: .PP
253: .IP \fIi\|\fPb
254: skip back \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
255: .PP
256: .IP \fIi\|\fP^B
257: same as b
258: .PP
259: .IP "q or Q"
260: Exit from
261: .I more.
262: .PP
263: .IP =
264: Display the current line number.
265: .PP
266: .IP v
1.5 ! etheisen 267: Starts the editor at the current line number if editor is
1.3 etheisen 268: .I vi
1.5 ! etheisen 269: or
! 270: .I ex.
! 271: The environment variable
! 272: .I EDITOR
! 273: affects this command according to the rules outlined above.
1.3 etheisen 274: .PP
275: .IP h
276: Help command; give a description of all the
277: .I more
278: commands.
279: .PP
280: .IP \fIi\|\fP/expr
281: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the regular expression \fIexpr.\fP
282: If there are less than \fIi\fP occurrences of \fIexpr\|\fP,
283: and the input is a file (rather than a pipe),
284: then the position in the file remains unchanged.
285: Otherwise, a screenful is displayed, starting two lines before the place
286: where the expression was found.
287: The user's erase and kill characters may be used to edit the regular
288: expression.
289: Erasing back past the first column cancels the search command.
290: .PP
291: .IP \fIi\|\fPn
292: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the last regular expression entered.
293: .PP
294: .IP \'
295: (single quote) Go to the point from which the last search started.
296: If no search has been performed in the current file, this command
297: goes back to the beginning of the file.
298: .PP
299: .IP !command
300: invoke a shell with \fIcommand\|\fP.
301: The characters `%' and `!' in "command" are replaced with the
302: current file name and the previous shell command respectively.
303: If there is no current file name, `%' is not expanded.
304: The sequences "\\%" and "\\!" are replaced by "%" and "!" respectively.
305: .PP
306: .IP \fIi\|\fP:n
307: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th next file given in the command line
308: (skips to last file if n doesn't make sense)
309: .PP
310: .IP \fIi\|\fP:p
311: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th previous file given in the command line.
312: If this command is given in the middle of printing out a
313: file, then
314: .I more
315: goes back to the beginning of the file. If \fIi\fP doesn't make sense,
316: .I more
317: skips back to the first file.
318: If
319: .I more
320: is not reading from a file, the bell is rung and nothing else happens.
321: .PP
322: .IP :f
323: display the current file name and line number.
324: .PP
325: .IP ":q or :Q"
326: exit from
327: .I more
328: (same as q or Q).
329: .PP
330: .IP .
331: (dot) repeat the previous command.
332: .PP
333: The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not necessary to
334: type a carriage return.
335: Up to the time when the command character itself is given,
336: the user may hit the line kill character to cancel the numerical
337: argument being formed.
338: In addition, the user may hit the erase character to redisplay the
339: --More--(xx%) message.
340: .PP
341: At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the user can
342: hit the quit key (normally control\-\\).
343: .I More
344: will stop sending output, and will display the usual --More--
345: prompt.
346: The user may then enter one of the above commands in the normal manner.
347: Unfortunately, some output is lost when this is done, due to the
348: fact that any characters waiting in the terminal's output queue
349: are flushed when the quit signal occurs.
350: .PP
351: The terminal is set to
352: .I noecho
353: mode by this program so that the output can be continuous.
354: What you type will thus not show on your terminal, except for the / and !
355: commands.
356: .PP
357: If the standard output is not a teletype, then
358: .I more
359: acts just like
360: .I cat,
361: except that a header is printed before each file (if there is
362: more than one).
363: .PP
364: .DT
365: A sample usage of
366: .I more
367: in previewing
368: .I nroff
369: output would be
370: .PP
371: nroff \-ms +2 doc.n | more -s
372: .SH FILES
373: .DT
1.4 etheisen 374: /usr/share/misc/termcap Terminal data base
1.3 etheisen 375: .br
1.4 etheisen 376: /usr/share/misc/more.help Help file
1.3 etheisen 377: .SH "SEE ALSO"
378: csh(1), man(1), msgs(1), script(1), sh(1), environ(7)
379: .SH BUGS
380: Skipping backwards is too slow on large files.
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