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File: [local] / src / usr.bin / nc / netcat.c (download)

Revision 1.207, Thu Oct 17 14:29:24 2019 UTC (4 years, 7 months ago) by beck
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 1.206: +18 -1 lines

Fix -N flag to actually shut down the (entire) socket when the input
goes away. This allows for using nc in cases where the network server
will no longer expect anything after eof, instead of hanging waiting
for more input from our end.

Additionaly, shut down if tls is in use if either side of the socket
goes away, since we higher level TLS operations (tls_read and write)
will require the socket to be both readable and writable as we can
get TLS_WANT_POLLIN or TLS_WANT_POLLOUT on either operation.

deraadt@ buying it.  found by sthen@

/* $OpenBSD: netcat.c,v 1.207 2019/10/17 14:29:24 beck Exp $ */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Eric Jackson <ericj@monkey.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2015 Bob Beck.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Re-written nc(1) for OpenBSD. Original implementation by
 * *Hobbit* <hobbit@avian.org>.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/un.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <arpa/telnet.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <tls.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "atomicio.h"

#define PORT_MAX	65535
#define UNIX_DG_TMP_SOCKET_SIZE	19

#define POLL_STDIN	0
#define POLL_NETOUT	1
#define POLL_NETIN	2
#define POLL_STDOUT	3
#define BUFSIZE		16384

#define TLS_NOVERIFY	(1 << 1)
#define TLS_NONAME	(1 << 2)
#define TLS_CCERT	(1 << 3)
#define TLS_MUSTSTAPLE	(1 << 4)

/* Command Line Options */
int	dflag;					/* detached, no stdin */
int	Fflag;					/* fdpass sock to stdout */
unsigned int iflag;				/* Interval Flag */
int	kflag;					/* More than one connect */
int	lflag;					/* Bind to local port */
int	Nflag;					/* shutdown() network socket */
int	nflag;					/* Don't do name look up */
char   *Pflag;					/* Proxy username */
char   *pflag;					/* Localport flag */
int	rflag;					/* Random ports flag */
char   *sflag;					/* Source Address */
int	tflag;					/* Telnet Emulation */
int	uflag;					/* UDP - Default to TCP */
int	vflag;					/* Verbosity */
int	xflag;					/* Socks proxy */
int	zflag;					/* Port Scan Flag */
int	Dflag;					/* sodebug */
int	Iflag;					/* TCP receive buffer size */
int	Oflag;					/* TCP send buffer size */
int	Sflag;					/* TCP MD5 signature option */
int	Tflag = -1;				/* IP Type of Service */
int	rtableid = -1;

int	usetls;					/* use TLS */
const char    *Cflag;				/* Public cert file */
const char    *Kflag;				/* Private key file */
const char    *oflag;				/* OCSP stapling file */
const char    *Rflag;				/* Root CA file */
int	tls_cachanged;				/* Using non-default CA file */
int     TLSopt;					/* TLS options */
char	*tls_expectname;			/* required name in peer cert */
char	*tls_expecthash;			/* required hash of peer cert */
char	*tls_ciphers;				/* TLS ciphers */
char	*tls_protocols;				/* TLS protocols */
FILE	*Zflag;					/* file to save peer cert */

int recvcount, recvlimit;
int timeout = -1;
int family = AF_UNSPEC;
char *portlist[PORT_MAX+1];
char *unix_dg_tmp_socket;
int ttl = -1;
int minttl = -1;

void	atelnet(int, unsigned char *, unsigned int);
int	strtoport(char *portstr, int udp);
void	build_ports(char *);
void	help(void) __attribute__((noreturn));
int	local_listen(const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo);
void	readwrite(int, struct tls *);
void	fdpass(int nfd) __attribute__((noreturn));
int	remote_connect(const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo);
int	timeout_tls(int, struct tls *, int (*)(struct tls *));
int	timeout_connect(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
int	socks_connect(const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo,
	    const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo, int, const char *);
int	udptest(int);
int	unix_bind(char *, int);
int	unix_connect(char *);
int	unix_listen(char *);
void	set_common_sockopts(int, int);
int	process_tos_opt(char *, int *);
int	process_tls_opt(char *, int *);
void	save_peer_cert(struct tls *_tls_ctx, FILE *_fp);
void	report_sock(const char *, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t, char *);
void	report_tls(struct tls *tls_ctx, char * host);
void	usage(int);
ssize_t drainbuf(int, unsigned char *, size_t *, struct tls *);
ssize_t fillbuf(int, unsigned char *, size_t *, struct tls *);
void	tls_setup_client(struct tls *, int, char *);
struct tls *tls_setup_server(struct tls *, int, char *);

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int ch, s = -1, ret, socksv;
	char *host, *uport;
	struct addrinfo hints;
	struct servent *sv;
	socklen_t len;
	struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
	char *proxy = NULL, *proxyport = NULL;
	const char *errstr;
	struct addrinfo proxyhints;
	char unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf[UNIX_DG_TMP_SOCKET_SIZE];
	struct tls_config *tls_cfg = NULL;
	struct tls *tls_ctx = NULL;
	uint32_t protocols;

	ret = 1;
	socksv = 5;
	host = NULL;
	uport = NULL;
	sv = NULL;
	Rflag = tls_default_ca_cert_file();

	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);

	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
	    "46C:cDde:FH:hI:i:K:klM:m:NnO:o:P:p:R:rSs:T:tUuV:vW:w:X:x:Z:z"))
	    != -1) {
		switch (ch) {
		case '4':
			family = AF_INET;
			break;
		case '6':
			family = AF_INET6;
			break;
		case 'U':
			family = AF_UNIX;
			break;
		case 'X':
			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "connect") == 0)
				socksv = -1; /* HTTP proxy CONNECT */
			else if (strcmp(optarg, "4") == 0)
				socksv = 4; /* SOCKS v.4 */
			else if (strcmp(optarg, "5") == 0)
				socksv = 5; /* SOCKS v.5 */
			else
				errx(1, "unsupported proxy protocol");
			break;
		case 'C':
			Cflag = optarg;
			break;
		case 'c':
			usetls = 1;
			break;
		case 'd':
			dflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'e':
			tls_expectname = optarg;
			break;
		case 'F':
			Fflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'H':
			tls_expecthash = optarg;
			break;
		case 'h':
			help();
			break;
		case 'i':
			iflag = strtonum(optarg, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
			if (errstr)
				errx(1, "interval %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
			break;
		case 'K':
			Kflag = optarg;
			break;
		case 'k':
			kflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'l':
			lflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'M':
			ttl = strtonum(optarg, 0, 255, &errstr);
			if (errstr)
				errx(1, "ttl is %s", errstr);
			break;
		case 'm':
			minttl = strtonum(optarg, 0, 255, &errstr);
			if (errstr)
				errx(1, "minttl is %s", errstr);
			break;
		case 'N':
			Nflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'n':
			nflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'P':
			Pflag = optarg;
			break;
		case 'p':
			pflag = optarg;
			break;
		case 'R':
			tls_cachanged = 1;
			Rflag = optarg;
			break;
		case 'r':
			rflag = 1;
			break;
		case 's':
			sflag = optarg;
			break;
		case 't':
			tflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'u':
			uflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'V':
			rtableid = (int)strtonum(optarg, 0,
			    RT_TABLEID_MAX, &errstr);
			if (errstr)
				errx(1, "rtable %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
			break;
		case 'v':
			vflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'W':
			recvlimit = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
			if (errstr)
				errx(1, "receive limit %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
			break;
		case 'w':
			timeout = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX / 1000, &errstr);
			if (errstr)
				errx(1, "timeout %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
			timeout *= 1000;
			break;
		case 'x':
			xflag = 1;
			if ((proxy = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
				err(1, NULL);
			break;
		case 'Z':
			if (strcmp(optarg, "-") == 0)
				Zflag = stderr;
			else if ((Zflag = fopen(optarg, "w")) == NULL)
				err(1, "can't open %s", optarg);
			break;
		case 'z':
			zflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'D':
			Dflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'I':
			Iflag = strtonum(optarg, 1, 65536 << 14, &errstr);
			if (errstr != NULL)
				errx(1, "TCP receive window %s: %s",
				    errstr, optarg);
			break;
		case 'O':
			Oflag = strtonum(optarg, 1, 65536 << 14, &errstr);
			if (errstr != NULL)
				errx(1, "TCP send window %s: %s",
				    errstr, optarg);
			break;
		case 'o':
			oflag = optarg;
			break;
		case 'S':
			Sflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'T':
			errstr = NULL;
			errno = 0;
			if (process_tls_opt(optarg, &TLSopt))
				break;
			if (process_tos_opt(optarg, &Tflag))
				break;
			if (strlen(optarg) > 1 && optarg[0] == '0' &&
			    optarg[1] == 'x')
				Tflag = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 16);
			else
				Tflag = (int)strtonum(optarg, 0, 255,
				    &errstr);
			if (Tflag < 0 || Tflag > 255 || errstr || errno)
				errx(1, "illegal tos/tls value %s", optarg);
			break;
		default:
			usage(1);
		}
	}
	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;

	if (rtableid >= 0)
		if (setrtable(rtableid) == -1)
			err(1, "setrtable");

	/* Cruft to make sure options are clean, and used properly. */
	if (argv[0] && !argv[1] && family == AF_UNIX) {
		host = argv[0];
		uport = NULL;
	} else if (argv[0] && !argv[1]) {
		if (!lflag)
			usage(1);
		uport = argv[0];
		host = NULL;
	} else if (argv[0] && argv[1]) {
		host = argv[0];
		uport = argv[1];
	} else
		usage(1);

	if (usetls) {
		if (Cflag && unveil(Cflag, "r") == -1)
			err(1, "unveil");
		if (unveil(Rflag, "r") == -1)
			err(1, "unveil");
		if (Kflag && unveil(Kflag, "r") == -1)
			err(1, "unveil");
		if (oflag && unveil(oflag, "r") == -1)
			err(1, "unveil");
	} else {
		if (family == AF_UNIX) {
			if (unveil(host, "rwc") == -1)
				err(1, "unveil");
			if (uflag && !lflag) {
				if (unveil(sflag ? sflag : "/tmp", "rwc") == -1)
					err(1, "unveil");
			}
		} else {
			/* no filesystem visibility */
			if (unveil("/", "") == -1)
				err(1, "unveil");
		}
	}

	if (family == AF_UNIX) {
		if (pledge("stdio rpath wpath cpath tmppath unix", NULL) == -1)
			err(1, "pledge");
	} else if (Fflag && Pflag) {
		if (pledge("stdio inet dns sendfd tty", NULL) == -1)
			err(1, "pledge");
	} else if (Fflag) {
		if (pledge("stdio inet dns sendfd", NULL) == -1)
			err(1, "pledge");
	} else if (Pflag && usetls) {
		if (pledge("stdio rpath inet dns tty", NULL) == -1)
			err(1, "pledge");
	} else if (Pflag) {
		if (pledge("stdio inet dns tty", NULL) == -1)
			err(1, "pledge");
	} else if (usetls) {
		if (pledge("stdio rpath inet dns", NULL) == -1)
			err(1, "pledge");
	} else if (pledge("stdio inet dns", NULL) == -1)
		err(1, "pledge");

	if (lflag && sflag)
		errx(1, "cannot use -s and -l");
	if (lflag && pflag)
		errx(1, "cannot use -p and -l");
	if (lflag && zflag)
		errx(1, "cannot use -z and -l");
	if (!lflag && kflag)
		errx(1, "must use -l with -k");
	if (uflag && usetls)
		errx(1, "cannot use -c and -u");
	if ((family == AF_UNIX) && usetls)
		errx(1, "cannot use -c and -U");
	if ((family == AF_UNIX) && Fflag)
		errx(1, "cannot use -F and -U");
	if (Fflag && usetls)
		errx(1, "cannot use -c and -F");
	if (TLSopt && !usetls)
		errx(1, "you must specify -c to use TLS options");
	if (Cflag && !usetls)
		errx(1, "you must specify -c to use -C");
	if (Kflag && !usetls)
		errx(1, "you must specify -c to use -K");
	if (Zflag && !usetls)
		errx(1, "you must specify -c to use -Z");
	if (oflag && !Cflag)
		errx(1, "you must specify -C to use -o");
	if (tls_cachanged && !usetls)
		errx(1, "you must specify -c to use -R");
	if (tls_expecthash && !usetls)
		errx(1, "you must specify -c to use -H");
	if (tls_expectname && !usetls)
		errx(1, "you must specify -c to use -e");

	/* Get name of temporary socket for unix datagram client */
	if ((family == AF_UNIX) && uflag && !lflag) {
		if (sflag) {
			unix_dg_tmp_socket = sflag;
		} else {
			strlcpy(unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf, "/tmp/nc.XXXXXXXXXX",
			    UNIX_DG_TMP_SOCKET_SIZE);
			if (mktemp(unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf) == NULL)
				err(1, "mktemp");
			unix_dg_tmp_socket = unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf;
		}
	}

	/* Initialize addrinfo structure. */
	if (family != AF_UNIX) {
		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
		hints.ai_family = family;
		hints.ai_socktype = uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
		hints.ai_protocol = uflag ? IPPROTO_UDP : IPPROTO_TCP;
		if (nflag)
			hints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
	}

	if (xflag) {
		if (uflag)
			errx(1, "no proxy support for UDP mode");

		if (lflag)
			errx(1, "no proxy support for listen");

		if (family == AF_UNIX)
			errx(1, "no proxy support for unix sockets");

		if (sflag)
			errx(1, "no proxy support for local source address");

		if (*proxy == '[') {
			++proxy;
			proxyport = strchr(proxy, ']');
			if (proxyport == NULL)
				errx(1, "missing closing bracket in proxy");
			*proxyport++ = '\0';
			if (*proxyport == '\0')
				/* Use default proxy port. */
				proxyport = NULL;
			else {
				if (*proxyport == ':')
					++proxyport;
				else
					errx(1, "garbage proxy port delimiter");
			}
		} else {
			proxyport = strrchr(proxy, ':');
			if (proxyport != NULL)
				*proxyport++ = '\0';
		}

		memset(&proxyhints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
		proxyhints.ai_family = family;
		proxyhints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
		proxyhints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
		if (nflag)
			proxyhints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
	}

	if (usetls) {
		if ((tls_cfg = tls_config_new()) == NULL)
			errx(1, "unable to allocate TLS config");
		if (Rflag && tls_config_set_ca_file(tls_cfg, Rflag) == -1)
			errx(1, "%s", tls_config_error(tls_cfg));
		if (Cflag && tls_config_set_cert_file(tls_cfg, Cflag) == -1)
			errx(1, "%s", tls_config_error(tls_cfg));
		if (Kflag && tls_config_set_key_file(tls_cfg, Kflag) == -1)
			errx(1, "%s", tls_config_error(tls_cfg));
		if (oflag && tls_config_set_ocsp_staple_file(tls_cfg, oflag) == -1)
			errx(1, "%s", tls_config_error(tls_cfg));
		if (tls_config_parse_protocols(&protocols, tls_protocols) == -1)
			errx(1, "invalid TLS protocols `%s'", tls_protocols);
		if (tls_config_set_protocols(tls_cfg, protocols) == -1)
			errx(1, "%s", tls_config_error(tls_cfg));
		if (tls_config_set_ciphers(tls_cfg, tls_ciphers) == -1)
			errx(1, "%s", tls_config_error(tls_cfg));
		if (!lflag && (TLSopt & TLS_CCERT))
			errx(1, "clientcert is only valid with -l");
		if (TLSopt & TLS_NONAME)
			tls_config_insecure_noverifyname(tls_cfg);
		if (TLSopt & TLS_NOVERIFY) {
			if (tls_expecthash != NULL)
				errx(1, "-H and -T noverify may not be used "
				    "together");
			tls_config_insecure_noverifycert(tls_cfg);
		}
		if (TLSopt & TLS_MUSTSTAPLE)
			tls_config_ocsp_require_stapling(tls_cfg);

		if (Pflag) {
			if (pledge("stdio inet dns tty", NULL) == -1)
				err(1, "pledge");
		} else if (pledge("stdio inet dns", NULL) == -1)
			err(1, "pledge");
	}
	if (lflag) {
		ret = 0;

		if (family == AF_UNIX) {
			if (uflag)
				s = unix_bind(host, 0);
			else
				s = unix_listen(host);
		}

		if (usetls) {
			tls_config_verify_client_optional(tls_cfg);
			if ((tls_ctx = tls_server()) == NULL)
				errx(1, "tls server creation failed");
			if (tls_configure(tls_ctx, tls_cfg) == -1)
				errx(1, "tls configuration failed (%s)",
				    tls_error(tls_ctx));
		}
		/* Allow only one connection at a time, but stay alive. */
		for (;;) {
			if (family != AF_UNIX) {
				if (s != -1)
					close(s);
				s = local_listen(host, uport, hints);
			}
			if (s == -1)
				err(1, NULL);
			if (uflag && kflag) {
				/*
				 * For UDP and -k, don't connect the socket,
				 * let it receive datagrams from multiple
				 * socket pairs.
				 */
				readwrite(s, NULL);
			} else if (uflag && !kflag) {
				/*
				 * For UDP and not -k, we will use recvfrom()
				 * initially to wait for a caller, then use
				 * the regular functions to talk to the caller.
				 */
				int rv;
				char buf[2048];
				struct sockaddr_storage z;

				len = sizeof(z);
				rv = recvfrom(s, buf, sizeof(buf), MSG_PEEK,
				    (struct sockaddr *)&z, &len);
				if (rv == -1)
					err(1, "recvfrom");

				rv = connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&z, len);
				if (rv == -1)
					err(1, "connect");

				if (vflag)
					report_sock("Connection received",
					    (struct sockaddr *)&z, len, NULL);

				readwrite(s, NULL);
			} else {
				struct tls *tls_cctx = NULL;
				int connfd;

				len = sizeof(cliaddr);
				connfd = accept4(s, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,
				    &len, SOCK_NONBLOCK);
				if (connfd == -1) {
					/* For now, all errnos are fatal */
					err(1, "accept");
				}
				if (vflag)
					report_sock("Connection received",
					    (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, len,
					    family == AF_UNIX ? host : NULL);
				if ((usetls) &&
				    (tls_cctx = tls_setup_server(tls_ctx, connfd, host)))
					readwrite(connfd, tls_cctx);
				if (!usetls)
					readwrite(connfd, NULL);
				if (tls_cctx)
					timeout_tls(s, tls_cctx, tls_close);
				close(connfd);
				tls_free(tls_cctx);
			}
			if (family == AF_UNIX && uflag) {
				if (connect(s, NULL, 0) == -1)
					err(1, "connect");
			}

			if (!kflag)
				break;
		}
	} else if (family == AF_UNIX) {
		ret = 0;

		if ((s = unix_connect(host)) > 0) {
			if (!zflag)
				readwrite(s, NULL);
			close(s);
		} else {
			warn("%s", host);
			ret = 1;
		}

		if (uflag)
			unlink(unix_dg_tmp_socket);
		return ret;

	} else {
		int i = 0;

		/* Construct the portlist[] array. */
		build_ports(uport);

		/* Cycle through portlist, connecting to each port. */
		for (s = -1, i = 0; portlist[i] != NULL; i++) {
			if (s != -1)
				close(s);
			tls_free(tls_ctx);
			tls_ctx = NULL;

			if (usetls) {
				if ((tls_ctx = tls_client()) == NULL)
					errx(1, "tls client creation failed");
				if (tls_configure(tls_ctx, tls_cfg) == -1)
					errx(1, "tls configuration failed (%s)",
					    tls_error(tls_ctx));
			}
			if (xflag)
				s = socks_connect(host, portlist[i], hints,
				    proxy, proxyport, proxyhints, socksv,
				    Pflag);
			else
				s = remote_connect(host, portlist[i], hints);

			if (s == -1)
				continue;

			ret = 0;
			if (vflag || zflag) {
				/* For UDP, make sure we are connected. */
				if (uflag) {
					if (udptest(s) == -1) {
						ret = 1;
						continue;
					}
				}

				/* Don't look up port if -n. */
				if (nflag)
					sv = NULL;
				else {
					sv = getservbyport(
					    ntohs(atoi(portlist[i])),
					    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp");
				}

				fprintf(stderr,
				    "Connection to %s %s port [%s/%s] "
				    "succeeded!\n", host, portlist[i],
				    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp",
				    sv ? sv->s_name : "*");
			}
			if (Fflag)
				fdpass(s);
			else {
				if (usetls)
					tls_setup_client(tls_ctx, s, host);
				if (!zflag)
					readwrite(s, tls_ctx);
				if (tls_ctx)
					timeout_tls(s, tls_ctx, tls_close);
			}
		}
	}

	if (s != -1)
		close(s);
	tls_free(tls_ctx);
	tls_config_free(tls_cfg);

	return ret;
}

/*
 * unix_bind()
 * Returns a unix socket bound to the given path
 */
int
unix_bind(char *path, int flags)
{
	struct sockaddr_un s_un;
	int s, save_errno;

	/* Create unix domain socket. */
	if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, flags | (uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM),
	    0)) == -1)
		return -1;

	memset(&s_un, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
	s_un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;

	if (strlcpy(s_un.sun_path, path, sizeof(s_un.sun_path)) >=
	    sizeof(s_un.sun_path)) {
		close(s);
		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
		return -1;
	}

	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&s_un, sizeof(s_un)) == -1) {
		save_errno = errno;
		close(s);
		errno = save_errno;
		return -1;
	}
	if (vflag)
		report_sock("Bound", NULL, 0, path);

	return s;
}

int
timeout_tls(int s, struct tls *tls_ctx, int (*func)(struct tls *))
{
	struct pollfd pfd;
	int ret;

	while ((ret = (*func)(tls_ctx)) != 0) {
		if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLIN)
			pfd.events = POLLIN;
		else if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLOUT)
			pfd.events = POLLOUT;
		else
			break;
		pfd.fd = s;
		if ((ret = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout)) == 1)
			continue;
		else if (ret == 0) {
			errno = ETIMEDOUT;
			ret = -1;
			break;
		} else
			err(1, "poll failed");
	}

	return ret;
}

void
tls_setup_client(struct tls *tls_ctx, int s, char *host)
{
	const char *errstr;

	if (tls_connect_socket(tls_ctx, s,
		tls_expectname ? tls_expectname : host) == -1) {
		errx(1, "tls connection failed (%s)",
		    tls_error(tls_ctx));
	}
	if (timeout_tls(s, tls_ctx, tls_handshake) == -1) {
		if ((errstr = tls_error(tls_ctx)) == NULL)
			errstr = strerror(errno);
		errx(1, "tls handshake failed (%s)", errstr);
	}
	if (vflag)
		report_tls(tls_ctx, host);
	if (tls_expecthash && tls_peer_cert_hash(tls_ctx) &&
	    strcmp(tls_expecthash, tls_peer_cert_hash(tls_ctx)) != 0)
		errx(1, "peer certificate is not %s", tls_expecthash);
	if (Zflag) {
		save_peer_cert(tls_ctx, Zflag);
		if (Zflag != stderr && (fclose(Zflag) != 0))
			err(1, "fclose failed saving peer cert");
	}
}

struct tls *
tls_setup_server(struct tls *tls_ctx, int connfd, char *host)
{
	struct tls *tls_cctx;
	const char *errstr;

	if (tls_accept_socket(tls_ctx, &tls_cctx, connfd) == -1) {
		warnx("tls accept failed (%s)", tls_error(tls_ctx));
	} else if (timeout_tls(connfd, tls_cctx, tls_handshake) == -1) {
		if ((errstr = tls_error(tls_cctx)) == NULL)
			errstr = strerror(errno);
		warnx("tls handshake failed (%s)", errstr);
	} else {
		int gotcert = tls_peer_cert_provided(tls_cctx);

		if (vflag && gotcert)
			report_tls(tls_cctx, host);
		if ((TLSopt & TLS_CCERT) && !gotcert)
			warnx("No client certificate provided");
		else if (gotcert && tls_peer_cert_hash(tls_ctx) && tls_expecthash &&
		    strcmp(tls_expecthash, tls_peer_cert_hash(tls_ctx)) != 0)
			warnx("peer certificate is not %s", tls_expecthash);
		else if (gotcert && tls_expectname &&
		    (!tls_peer_cert_contains_name(tls_cctx, tls_expectname)))
			warnx("name (%s) not found in client cert",
			    tls_expectname);
		else {
			return tls_cctx;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * unix_connect()
 * Returns a socket connected to a local unix socket. Returns -1 on failure.
 */
int
unix_connect(char *path)
{
	struct sockaddr_un s_un;
	int s, save_errno;

	if (uflag) {
		if ((s = unix_bind(unix_dg_tmp_socket, SOCK_CLOEXEC)) == -1)
			return -1;
	} else {
		if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0)) == -1)
			return -1;
	}

	memset(&s_un, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
	s_un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;

	if (strlcpy(s_un.sun_path, path, sizeof(s_un.sun_path)) >=
	    sizeof(s_un.sun_path)) {
		close(s);
		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
		return -1;
	}
	if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&s_un, sizeof(s_un)) == -1) {
		save_errno = errno;
		close(s);
		errno = save_errno;
		return -1;
	}
	return s;

}

/*
 * unix_listen()
 * Create a unix domain socket, and listen on it.
 */
int
unix_listen(char *path)
{
	int s;

	if ((s = unix_bind(path, 0)) == -1)
		return -1;
	if (listen(s, 5) == -1) {
		close(s);
		return -1;
	}
	if (vflag)
		report_sock("Listening", NULL, 0, path);

	return s;
}

/*
 * remote_connect()
 * Returns a socket connected to a remote host. Properly binds to a local
 * port or source address if needed. Returns -1 on failure.
 */
int
remote_connect(const char *host, const char *port, struct addrinfo hints)
{
	struct addrinfo *res, *res0;
	int s = -1, error, on = 1, save_errno;

	if ((error = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &res0)))
		errx(1, "getaddrinfo for host \"%s\" port %s: %s", host,
		    port, gai_strerror(error));

	for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) {
		if ((s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype |
		    SOCK_NONBLOCK, res->ai_protocol)) == -1)
			continue;

		/* Bind to a local port or source address if specified. */
		if (sflag || pflag) {
			struct addrinfo ahints, *ares;

			/* try SO_BINDANY, but don't insist */
			setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDANY, &on, sizeof(on));
			memset(&ahints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
			ahints.ai_family = res->ai_family;
			ahints.ai_socktype = uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
			ahints.ai_protocol = uflag ? IPPROTO_UDP : IPPROTO_TCP;
			ahints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
			if ((error = getaddrinfo(sflag, pflag, &ahints, &ares)))
				errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));

			if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)ares->ai_addr,
			    ares->ai_addrlen) == -1)
				err(1, "bind failed");
			freeaddrinfo(ares);
		}

		set_common_sockopts(s, res->ai_family);

		if (timeout_connect(s, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == 0)
			break;
		if (vflag)
			warn("connect to %s port %s (%s) failed", host, port,
			    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp");

		save_errno = errno;
		close(s);
		errno = save_errno;
		s = -1;
	}

	freeaddrinfo(res0);

	return s;
}

int
timeout_connect(int s, const struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t namelen)
{
	struct pollfd pfd;
	socklen_t optlen;
	int optval;
	int ret;

	if ((ret = connect(s, name, namelen)) != 0 && errno == EINPROGRESS) {
		pfd.fd = s;
		pfd.events = POLLOUT;
		if ((ret = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout)) == 1) {
			optlen = sizeof(optval);
			if ((ret = getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR,
			    &optval, &optlen)) == 0) {
				errno = optval;
				ret = optval == 0 ? 0 : -1;
			}
		} else if (ret == 0) {
			errno = ETIMEDOUT;
			ret = -1;
		} else
			err(1, "poll failed");
	}

	return ret;
}

/*
 * local_listen()
 * Returns a socket listening on a local port, binds to specified source
 * address. Returns -1 on failure.
 */
int
local_listen(const char *host, const char *port, struct addrinfo hints)
{
	struct addrinfo *res, *res0;
	int s = -1, ret, x = 1, save_errno;
	int error;

	/* Allow nodename to be null. */
	hints.ai_flags |= AI_PASSIVE;

	/*
	 * In the case of binding to a wildcard address
	 * default to binding to an ipv4 address.
	 */
	if (host == NULL && hints.ai_family == AF_UNSPEC)
		hints.ai_family = AF_INET;

	if ((error = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &res0)))
		errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));

	for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) {
		if ((s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
		    res->ai_protocol)) == -1)
			continue;

		ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &x, sizeof(x));
		if (ret == -1)
			err(1, NULL);

		set_common_sockopts(s, res->ai_family);

		if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)res->ai_addr,
		    res->ai_addrlen) == 0)
			break;

		save_errno = errno;
		close(s);
		errno = save_errno;
		s = -1;
	}

	if (!uflag && s != -1) {
		if (listen(s, 1) == -1)
			err(1, "listen");
	}
	if (vflag && s != -1) {
		struct sockaddr_storage ss;
		socklen_t len;

		len = sizeof(ss);
		if (getsockname(s, (struct sockaddr *)&ss, &len) == -1)
			err(1, "getsockname");
		report_sock(uflag ? "Bound" : "Listening",
		    (struct sockaddr *)&ss, len, NULL);
	}

	freeaddrinfo(res0);

	return s;
}

/*
 * readwrite()
 * Loop that polls on the network file descriptor and stdin.
 */
void
readwrite(int net_fd, struct tls *tls_ctx)
{
	struct pollfd pfd[4];
	int stdin_fd = STDIN_FILENO;
	int stdout_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
	unsigned char netinbuf[BUFSIZE];
	size_t netinbufpos = 0;
	unsigned char stdinbuf[BUFSIZE];
	size_t stdinbufpos = 0;
	int n, num_fds;
	ssize_t ret;

	/* don't read from stdin if requested */
	if (dflag)
		stdin_fd = -1;

	/* stdin */
	pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd = stdin_fd;
	pfd[POLL_STDIN].events = POLLIN;

	/* network out */
	pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd = net_fd;
	pfd[POLL_NETOUT].events = 0;

	/* network in */
	pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = net_fd;
	pfd[POLL_NETIN].events = POLLIN;

	/* stdout */
	pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd = stdout_fd;
	pfd[POLL_STDOUT].events = 0;

	while (1) {
		/* both inputs are gone, buffers are empty, we are done */
		if (pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd == -1 && pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd == -1 &&
		    stdinbufpos == 0 && netinbufpos == 0)
			return;
		/* both outputs are gone, we can't continue */
		if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd == -1 && pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd == -1)
			return;
		/* listen and net in gone, queues empty, done */
		if (lflag && pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd == -1 &&
		    stdinbufpos == 0 && netinbufpos == 0)
			return;

		/* help says -i is for "wait between lines sent". We read and
		 * write arbitrary amounts of data, and we don't want to start
		 * scanning for newlines, so this is as good as it gets */
		if (iflag)
			sleep(iflag);

		/* poll */
		num_fds = poll(pfd, 4, timeout);

		/* treat poll errors */
		if (num_fds == -1)
			err(1, "polling error");

		/* timeout happened */
		if (num_fds == 0)
			return;

		/* treat socket error conditions */
		for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
			if (pfd[n].revents & (POLLERR|POLLNVAL)) {
				pfd[n].fd = -1;
			}
		}
		/* reading is possible after HUP */
		if (pfd[POLL_STDIN].events & POLLIN &&
		    pfd[POLL_STDIN].revents & POLLHUP &&
		    !(pfd[POLL_STDIN].revents & POLLIN))
			pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd = -1;

		if (pfd[POLL_NETIN].events & POLLIN &&
		    pfd[POLL_NETIN].revents & POLLHUP &&
		    !(pfd[POLL_NETIN].revents & POLLIN))
			pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;

		if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].revents & POLLHUP) {
			if (Nflag)
				shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd, SHUT_WR);
			pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd = -1;
		}
		/* if HUP, stop watching stdout */
		if (pfd[POLL_STDOUT].revents & POLLHUP)
			pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd = -1;
		/* if no net out, stop watching stdin */
		if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd == -1)
			pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd = -1;
		/* if no stdout, stop watching net in */
		if (pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd == -1) {
			if (pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd != -1)
				shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, SHUT_RD);
			pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;
		}

		/* try to read from stdin */
		if (pfd[POLL_STDIN].revents & POLLIN && stdinbufpos < BUFSIZE) {
			ret = fillbuf(pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd, stdinbuf,
			    &stdinbufpos, NULL);
			if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLIN)
				pfd[POLL_STDIN].events = POLLIN;
			else if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLOUT)
				pfd[POLL_STDIN].events = POLLOUT;
			else if (ret == 0 || ret == -1)
				pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd = -1;
			/* read something - poll net out */
			if (stdinbufpos > 0)
				pfd[POLL_NETOUT].events = POLLOUT;
			/* filled buffer - remove self from polling */
			if (stdinbufpos == BUFSIZE)
				pfd[POLL_STDIN].events = 0;
		}
		/* try to write to network */
		if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].revents & POLLOUT && stdinbufpos > 0) {
			ret = drainbuf(pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd, stdinbuf,
			    &stdinbufpos, tls_ctx);
			if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLIN)
				pfd[POLL_NETOUT].events = POLLIN;
			else if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLOUT)
				pfd[POLL_NETOUT].events = POLLOUT;
			else if (ret == -1)
				pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd = -1;
			/* buffer empty - remove self from polling */
			if (stdinbufpos == 0)
				pfd[POLL_NETOUT].events = 0;
			/* buffer no longer full - poll stdin again */
			if (stdinbufpos < BUFSIZE)
				pfd[POLL_STDIN].events = POLLIN;
		}
		/* try to read from network */
		if (pfd[POLL_NETIN].revents & POLLIN && netinbufpos < BUFSIZE) {
			ret = fillbuf(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, netinbuf,
			    &netinbufpos, tls_ctx);
			if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLIN)
				pfd[POLL_NETIN].events = POLLIN;
			else if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLOUT)
				pfd[POLL_NETIN].events = POLLOUT;
			else if (ret == -1)
				pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;
			/* eof on net in - remove from pfd */
			if (ret == 0) {
				shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, SHUT_RD);
				pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;
			}
			if (recvlimit > 0 && ++recvcount >= recvlimit) {
				if (pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd != -1)
					shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, SHUT_RD);
				pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;
				pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd = -1;
			}
			/* read something - poll stdout */
			if (netinbufpos > 0)
				pfd[POLL_STDOUT].events = POLLOUT;
			/* filled buffer - remove self from polling */
			if (netinbufpos == BUFSIZE)
				pfd[POLL_NETIN].events = 0;
			/* handle telnet */
			if (tflag)
				atelnet(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, netinbuf,
				    netinbufpos);
		}
		/* try to write to stdout */
		if (pfd[POLL_STDOUT].revents & POLLOUT && netinbufpos > 0) {
			ret = drainbuf(pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd, netinbuf,
			    &netinbufpos, NULL);
			if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLIN)
				pfd[POLL_STDOUT].events = POLLIN;
			else if (ret == TLS_WANT_POLLOUT)
				pfd[POLL_STDOUT].events = POLLOUT;
			else if (ret == -1)
				pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd = -1;
			/* buffer empty - remove self from polling */
			if (netinbufpos == 0)
				pfd[POLL_STDOUT].events = 0;
			/* buffer no longer full - poll net in again */
			if (netinbufpos < BUFSIZE)
				pfd[POLL_NETIN].events = POLLIN;
		}

		/* stdin gone and queue empty? */
		if (pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd == -1 && stdinbufpos == 0) {
			if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd != -1 && Nflag)
				shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd, SHUT_WR);
			pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd = -1;
		}
		/* net in gone and queue empty? */
		if (pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd == -1 && netinbufpos == 0) {
			pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd = -1;
		}

		if (((usetls || Nflag) && (pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd == -1)) ||
		    (usetls && pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd == -1)) {
			/*
			 * -N says: shutdown(2) the 'network socket'
			 * after EOF on the input
			 *
			 * for TLS we need to die if either end is
			 * toast, since both reading and writing to
			 * the socket may be necessary for any higher
			 * level tls operation
			 */
			shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd, SHUT_WR);
			shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, SHUT_RD);
			pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd = -1;
			pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;
		}
	}
}

ssize_t
drainbuf(int fd, unsigned char *buf, size_t *bufpos, struct tls *tls)
{
	ssize_t n;
	ssize_t adjust;

	if (tls) {
		n = tls_write(tls, buf, *bufpos);
		if (n == -1)
			errx(1, "tls write failed (%s)", tls_error(tls));
	} else {
		n = write(fd, buf, *bufpos);
		/* don't treat EAGAIN, EINTR as error */
		if (n == -1 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
			n = TLS_WANT_POLLOUT;
	}
	if (n <= 0)
		return n;
	/* adjust buffer */
	adjust = *bufpos - n;
	if (adjust > 0)
		memmove(buf, buf + n, adjust);
	*bufpos -= n;
	return n;
}

ssize_t
fillbuf(int fd, unsigned char *buf, size_t *bufpos, struct tls *tls)
{
	size_t num = BUFSIZE - *bufpos;
	ssize_t n;

	if (tls) {
		n = tls_read(tls, buf + *bufpos, num);
		if (n == -1)
			errx(1, "tls read failed (%s)", tls_error(tls));
	} else {
		n = read(fd, buf + *bufpos, num);
		/* don't treat EAGAIN, EINTR as error */
		if (n == -1 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
			n = TLS_WANT_POLLIN;
	}
	if (n <= 0)
		return n;
	*bufpos += n;
	return n;
}

/*
 * fdpass()
 * Pass the connected file descriptor to stdout and exit.
 */
void
fdpass(int nfd)
{
	struct msghdr mh;
	union {
		struct cmsghdr hdr;
		char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
	} cmsgbuf;
	struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
	struct iovec iov;
	char c = '\0';
	ssize_t r;
	struct pollfd pfd;

	/* Avoid obvious stupidity */
	if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
		errx(1, "Cannot pass file descriptor to tty");

	memset(&mh, 0, sizeof(mh));
	memset(&cmsgbuf, 0, sizeof(cmsgbuf));
	memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));

	mh.msg_control = (caddr_t)&cmsgbuf.buf;
	mh.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf.buf);
	cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
	cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
	cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
	cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
	*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg) = nfd;

	iov.iov_base = &c;
	iov.iov_len = 1;
	mh.msg_iov = &iov;
	mh.msg_iovlen = 1;

	memset(&pfd, 0, sizeof(pfd));
	pfd.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
	pfd.events = POLLOUT;
	for (;;) {
		r = sendmsg(STDOUT_FILENO, &mh, 0);
		if (r == -1) {
			if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
				if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) == -1)
					err(1, "poll");
				continue;
			}
			err(1, "sendmsg");
		} else if (r != 1)
			errx(1, "sendmsg: unexpected return value %zd", r);
		else
			break;
	}
	exit(0);
}

/* Deal with RFC 854 WILL/WONT DO/DONT negotiation. */
void
atelnet(int nfd, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int size)
{
	unsigned char *p, *end;
	unsigned char obuf[4];

	if (size < 3)
		return;
	end = buf + size - 2;

	for (p = buf; p < end; p++) {
		if (*p != IAC)
			continue;

		obuf[0] = IAC;
		p++;
		if ((*p == WILL) || (*p == WONT))
			obuf[1] = DONT;
		else if ((*p == DO) || (*p == DONT))
			obuf[1] = WONT;
		else
			continue;

		p++;
		obuf[2] = *p;
		if (atomicio(vwrite, nfd, obuf, 3) != 3)
			warn("Write Error!");
	}
}


int
strtoport(char *portstr, int udp)
{
	struct servent *entry;
	const char *errstr;
	char *proto;
	int port = -1;

	proto = udp ? "udp" : "tcp";

	port = strtonum(portstr, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
	if (errstr == NULL)
		return port;
	if (errno != EINVAL)
		errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, portstr);
	if ((entry = getservbyname(portstr, proto)) == NULL)
		errx(1, "service \"%s\" unknown", portstr);
	return ntohs(entry->s_port);
}

/*
 * build_ports()
 * Build an array of ports in portlist[], listing each port
 * that we should try to connect to.
 */
void
build_ports(char *p)
{
	char *n;
	int hi, lo, cp;
	int x = 0;

	if (isdigit((unsigned char)*p) && (n = strchr(p, '-')) != NULL) {
		*n = '\0';
		n++;

		/* Make sure the ports are in order: lowest->highest. */
		hi = strtoport(n, uflag);
		lo = strtoport(p, uflag);
		if (lo > hi) {
			cp = hi;
			hi = lo;
			lo = cp;
		}

		/*
		 * Initialize portlist with a random permutation.  Based on
		 * Knuth, as in ip_randomid() in sys/netinet/ip_id.c.
		 */
		if (rflag) {
			for (x = 0; x <= hi - lo; x++) {
				cp = arc4random_uniform(x + 1);
				portlist[x] = portlist[cp];
				if (asprintf(&portlist[cp], "%d", x + lo) == -1)
					err(1, "asprintf");
			}
		} else { /* Load ports sequentially. */
			for (cp = lo; cp <= hi; cp++) {
				if (asprintf(&portlist[x], "%d", cp) == -1)
					err(1, "asprintf");
				x++;
			}
		}
	} else {
		char *tmp;

		hi = strtoport(p, uflag);
		if (asprintf(&tmp, "%d", hi) != -1)
			portlist[0] = tmp;
		else
			err(1, NULL);
	}
}

/*
 * udptest()
 * Do a few writes to see if the UDP port is there.
 * Fails once PF state table is full.
 */
int
udptest(int s)
{
	int i, ret;

	for (i = 0; i <= 3; i++) {
		if (write(s, "X", 1) == 1)
			ret = 1;
		else
			ret = -1;
	}
	return ret;
}

void
set_common_sockopts(int s, int af)
{
	int x = 1;

	if (Sflag) {
		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_MD5SIG,
			&x, sizeof(x)) == -1)
			err(1, NULL);
	}
	if (Dflag) {
		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
			&x, sizeof(x)) == -1)
			err(1, NULL);
	}
	if (Tflag != -1) {
		if (af == AF_INET && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP,
		    IP_TOS, &Tflag, sizeof(Tflag)) == -1)
			err(1, "set IP ToS");

		else if (af == AF_INET6 && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6,
		    IPV6_TCLASS, &Tflag, sizeof(Tflag)) == -1)
			err(1, "set IPv6 traffic class");
	}
	if (Iflag) {
		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
		    &Iflag, sizeof(Iflag)) == -1)
			err(1, "set TCP receive buffer size");
	}
	if (Oflag) {
		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF,
		    &Oflag, sizeof(Oflag)) == -1)
			err(1, "set TCP send buffer size");
	}

	if (ttl != -1) {
		if (af == AF_INET && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP,
		    IP_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl)))
			err(1, "set IP TTL");

		else if (af == AF_INET6 && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6,
		    IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, &ttl, sizeof(ttl)))
			err(1, "set IPv6 unicast hops");
	}

	if (minttl != -1) {
		if (af == AF_INET && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP,
		    IP_MINTTL, &minttl, sizeof(minttl)))
			err(1, "set IP min TTL");

		else if (af == AF_INET6 && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6,
		    IPV6_MINHOPCOUNT, &minttl, sizeof(minttl)))
			err(1, "set IPv6 min hop count");
	}
}

int
process_tos_opt(char *s, int *val)
{
	/* DiffServ Codepoints and other TOS mappings */
	const struct toskeywords {
		const char	*keyword;
		int		 val;
	} *t, toskeywords[] = {
		{ "af11",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
		{ "af12",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
		{ "af13",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
		{ "af21",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
		{ "af22",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
		{ "af23",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
		{ "af31",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
		{ "af32",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
		{ "af33",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
		{ "af41",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
		{ "af42",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
		{ "af43",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
		{ "critical",		IPTOS_PREC_CRITIC_ECP },
		{ "cs0",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
		{ "cs1",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
		{ "cs2",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
		{ "cs3",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
		{ "cs4",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
		{ "cs5",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
		{ "cs6",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
		{ "cs7",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
		{ "ef",			IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
		{ "inetcontrol",	IPTOS_PREC_INTERNETCONTROL },
		{ "lowdelay",		IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
		{ "netcontrol",		IPTOS_PREC_NETCONTROL },
		{ "reliability",	IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
		{ "throughput",		IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
		{ NULL,			-1 },
	};

	for (t = toskeywords; t->keyword != NULL; t++) {
		if (strcmp(s, t->keyword) == 0) {
			*val = t->val;
			return 1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

int
process_tls_opt(char *s, int *flags)
{
	size_t len;
	char *v;

	const struct tlskeywords {
		const char	*keyword;
		int		 flag;
		char		**value;
	} *t, tlskeywords[] = {
		{ "ciphers",		-1,			&tls_ciphers },
		{ "clientcert",		TLS_CCERT,		NULL },
		{ "muststaple",		TLS_MUSTSTAPLE,		NULL },
		{ "noverify",		TLS_NOVERIFY,		NULL },
		{ "noname",		TLS_NONAME,		NULL },
		{ "protocols",		-1,			&tls_protocols },
		{ NULL,			-1,			NULL },
	};

	len = strlen(s);
	if ((v = strchr(s, '=')) != NULL) {
		len = v - s;
		v++;
	}

	for (t = tlskeywords; t->keyword != NULL; t++) {
		if (strlen(t->keyword) == len &&
		    strncmp(s, t->keyword, len) == 0) {
			if (t->value != NULL) {
				if (v == NULL)
					errx(1, "invalid tls value `%s'", s);
				*t->value = v;
			} else {
				*flags |= t->flag;
			}
			return 1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

void
save_peer_cert(struct tls *tls_ctx, FILE *fp)
{
	const char *pem;
	size_t plen;

	if ((pem = tls_peer_cert_chain_pem(tls_ctx, &plen)) == NULL)
		errx(1, "Can't get peer certificate");
	if (fprintf(fp, "%.*s", (int)plen, pem) < 0)
		err(1, "unable to save peer cert");
	if (fflush(fp) != 0)
		err(1, "unable to flush peer cert");
}

void
report_tls(struct tls * tls_ctx, char * host)
{
	time_t t;
	const char *ocsp_url;

	fprintf(stderr, "TLS handshake negotiated %s/%s with host %s\n",
	    tls_conn_version(tls_ctx), tls_conn_cipher(tls_ctx), host);
	fprintf(stderr, "Peer name: %s\n",
	    tls_expectname ? tls_expectname : host);
	if (tls_peer_cert_subject(tls_ctx))
		fprintf(stderr, "Subject: %s\n",
		    tls_peer_cert_subject(tls_ctx));
	if (tls_peer_cert_issuer(tls_ctx))
		fprintf(stderr, "Issuer: %s\n",
		    tls_peer_cert_issuer(tls_ctx));
	if ((t = tls_peer_cert_notbefore(tls_ctx)) != -1)
		fprintf(stderr, "Valid From: %s", ctime(&t));
	if ((t = tls_peer_cert_notafter(tls_ctx)) != -1)
		fprintf(stderr, "Valid Until: %s", ctime(&t));
	if (tls_peer_cert_hash(tls_ctx))
		fprintf(stderr, "Cert Hash: %s\n",
		    tls_peer_cert_hash(tls_ctx));
	ocsp_url = tls_peer_ocsp_url(tls_ctx);
	if (ocsp_url != NULL)
		fprintf(stderr, "OCSP URL: %s\n", ocsp_url);
	switch (tls_peer_ocsp_response_status(tls_ctx)) {
	case TLS_OCSP_RESPONSE_SUCCESSFUL:
		fprintf(stderr, "OCSP Stapling: %s\n",
		    tls_peer_ocsp_result(tls_ctx) == NULL ?  "" :
		    tls_peer_ocsp_result(tls_ctx));
		fprintf(stderr,
		    "  response_status=%d cert_status=%d crl_reason=%d\n",
		    tls_peer_ocsp_response_status(tls_ctx),
		    tls_peer_ocsp_cert_status(tls_ctx),
		    tls_peer_ocsp_crl_reason(tls_ctx));
		t = tls_peer_ocsp_this_update(tls_ctx);
		fprintf(stderr, "  this update: %s",
		    t != -1 ? ctime(&t) : "\n");
		t =  tls_peer_ocsp_next_update(tls_ctx);
		fprintf(stderr, "  next update: %s",
		    t != -1 ? ctime(&t) : "\n");
		t =  tls_peer_ocsp_revocation_time(tls_ctx);
		fprintf(stderr, "  revocation: %s",
		    t != -1 ? ctime(&t) : "\n");
		break;
	case -1:
		break;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "OCSP Stapling:  failure - response_status %d (%s)\n",
		    tls_peer_ocsp_response_status(tls_ctx),
		    tls_peer_ocsp_result(tls_ctx) == NULL ?  "" :
		    tls_peer_ocsp_result(tls_ctx));
		break;

	}
}

void
report_sock(const char *msg, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
    char *path)
{
	char host[NI_MAXHOST], port[NI_MAXSERV];
	int herr;
	int flags = NI_NUMERICSERV;

	if (path != NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s on %s\n", msg, path);
		return;
	}

	if (nflag)
		flags |= NI_NUMERICHOST;

	if ((herr = getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, sizeof(host),
	    port, sizeof(port), flags)) != 0) {
		if (herr == EAI_SYSTEM)
			err(1, "getnameinfo");
		else
			errx(1, "getnameinfo: %s", gai_strerror(herr));
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "%s on %s %s\n", msg, host, port);
}

void
help(void)
{
	usage(0);
	fprintf(stderr, "\tCommand Summary:\n\
	\t-4		Use IPv4\n\
	\t-6		Use IPv6\n\
	\t-C certfile	Public key file\n\
	\t-c		Use TLS\n\
	\t-D		Enable the debug socket option\n\
	\t-d		Detach from stdin\n\
	\t-e name\t	Required name in peer certificate\n\
	\t-F		Pass socket fd\n\
	\t-H hash\t	Hash string of peer certificate\n\
	\t-h		This help text\n\
	\t-I length	TCP receive buffer length\n\
	\t-i interval	Delay interval for lines sent, ports scanned\n\
	\t-K keyfile	Private key file\n\
	\t-k		Keep inbound sockets open for multiple connects\n\
	\t-l		Listen mode, for inbound connects\n\
	\t-M ttl		Outgoing TTL / Hop Limit\n\
	\t-m minttl	Minimum incoming TTL / Hop Limit\n\
	\t-N		Shutdown the network socket after EOF on stdin\n\
	\t-n		Suppress name/port resolutions\n\
	\t-O length	TCP send buffer length\n\
	\t-o staplefile	Staple file\n\
	\t-P proxyuser\tUsername for proxy authentication\n\
	\t-p port\t	Specify local port for remote connects\n\
	\t-R CAfile	CA bundle\n\
	\t-r		Randomize remote ports\n\
	\t-S		Enable the TCP MD5 signature option\n\
	\t-s source	Local source address\n\
	\t-T keyword	TOS value or TLS options\n\
	\t-t		Answer TELNET negotiation\n\
	\t-U		Use UNIX domain socket\n\
	\t-u		UDP mode\n\
	\t-V rtable	Specify alternate routing table\n\
	\t-v		Verbose\n\
	\t-W recvlimit	Terminate after receiving a number of packets\n\
	\t-w timeout	Timeout for connects and final net reads\n\
	\t-X proto	Proxy protocol: \"4\", \"5\" (SOCKS) or \"connect\"\n\
	\t-x addr[:port]\tSpecify proxy address and port\n\
	\t-Z		Peer certificate file\n\
	\t-z		Zero-I/O mode [used for scanning]\n\
	Port numbers can be individual or ranges: lo-hi [inclusive]\n");
	exit(1);
}

void
usage(int ret)
{
	fprintf(stderr,
	    "usage: nc [-46cDdFhklNnrStUuvz] [-C certfile] [-e name] "
	    "[-H hash] [-I length]\n"
	    "\t  [-i interval] [-K keyfile] [-M ttl] [-m minttl] [-O length]\n"
	    "\t  [-o staplefile] [-P proxy_username] [-p source_port] "
	    "[-R CAfile]\n"
	    "\t  [-s source] [-T keyword] [-V rtable] [-W recvlimit] "
	    "[-w timeout]\n"
	    "\t  [-X proxy_protocol] [-x proxy_address[:port]] "
	    "[-Z peercertfile]\n"
	    "\t  [destination] [port]\n");
	if (ret)
		exit(1);
}