Annotation of src/usr.bin/netstat/netstat.1, Revision 1.39
1.39 ! henning 1: .\" $OpenBSD: netstat.1,v 1.38 2004/06/06 22:03:35 jmc Exp $
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31: .\" from: @(#)netstat.1 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
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33: .Dd April 18, 1994
34: .Dt NETSTAT 1
1.16 aaron 35: .Os
1.1 deraadt 36: .Sh NAME
37: .Nm netstat
38: .Nd show network status
39: .Sh SYNOPSIS
40: .Nm netstat
41: .Op Fl Aan
42: .Op Fl f Ar address_family
43: .Op Fl M Ar core
44: .Op Fl N Ar system
45: .Nm netstat
1.36 cedric 46: .Op Fl bdgilmnqrSstu
1.1 deraadt 47: .Op Fl f Ar address_family
48: .Op Fl M Ar core
49: .Op Fl N Ar system
50: .Nm netstat
1.24 camield 51: .Op Fl bdn
1.1 deraadt 52: .Op Fl I Ar interface
53: .Op Fl M Ar core
54: .Op Fl N Ar system
55: .Op Fl w Ar wait
56: .Nm netstat
1.35 markus 57: .Op Fl s
1.1 deraadt 58: .Op Fl M Ar core
59: .Op Fl N Ar system
1.31 jmc 60: .Op Fl p Ar protocol
1.19 itojun 61: .Nm netstat
1.34 jmc 62: .Op Fl a
1.19 itojun 63: .Op Fl f Ar address_family
1.34 jmc 64: .Op Fl i | I Ar interface
1.1 deraadt 65: .Sh DESCRIPTION
66: The
1.21 aaron 67: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 68: command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related
69: data structures.
70: There are a number of output formats,
71: depending on the options for the information presented.
1.21 aaron 72: .Pp
1.1 deraadt 73: The first form of the command displays a list of active sockets for
74: each protocol.
75: The second form presents the contents of one of the other network
76: data structures according to the option selected.
77: Using the third form, with a
78: .Ar wait
79: interval specified,
1.21 aaron 80: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 81: will continuously display the information regarding packet
82: traffic on the configured network interfaces.
83: The fourth form displays statistics about the named protocol.
1.30 jmc 84: The fifth form displays per interface statistics for
85: the specified address family.
1.1 deraadt 86: .Pp
1.12 aaron 87: The options are as follows:
1.22 aaron 88: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.1 deraadt 89: .It Fl A
90: With the default display,
91: show the address of any protocol control blocks associated with sockets; used
92: for debugging.
93: .It Fl a
94: With the default display,
95: show the state of all sockets; normally sockets used by
96: server processes are not shown.
1.34 jmc 97: With the interface display (options
98: .Fl I
99: or
100: .Fl i ) ,
101: show multicast addresses.
1.24 camield 102: .It Fl b
1.34 jmc 103: With the interface display (options
104: .Fl I
105: or
1.24 camield 106: .Fl i ) ,
107: show bytes in and out, instead of packet statistics.
1.1 deraadt 108: .It Fl d
1.34 jmc 109: With either the interface display (options
110: .Fl I
111: or
112: .Fl i )
113: or an interval (option
114: .Fl w ) ,
1.1 deraadt 115: show the number of dropped packets.
1.16 aaron 116: .It Fl f Ar address_family
1.1 deraadt 117: Limit statistics or address control block reports to those
118: of the specified
1.12 aaron 119: .Ar address_family .
1.21 aaron 120: .Pp
121: The following address families are recognized:
122: .Pp
123: .Bl -column "Address Family" "AF_APPLETA" "Description" -offset indent -compact
124: .It Sy "Address Family" Ta Sy "Constant" Ta Sy "Description"
1.32 jmc 125: .It "inet" Ta Dv "AF_INET" Ta "IP Version 4"
126: .It "inet6" Ta Dv "AF_INET6" Ta "IP Version 6"
127: .It "ipx" Ta Dv "AF_IPX" Ta "Novell IPX"
128: .It "atalk" Ta Dv "AF_APPLETALK" Ta "AppleTalk"
129: .It "ns" Ta Dv "AF_NS" Ta "Xerox NS Protocols"
130: .It "encap" Ta Dv "PF_KEY" Ta "IPsec"
131: .It "local" Ta Dv "AF_LOCAL" Ta "Local to Host (i.e., pipes)"
132: .It "unix" Ta Dv "AF_UNIX" Ta "Local to Host (i.e., pipes)"
1.21 aaron 133: .El
134: .Pp
1.1 deraadt 135: .It Fl g
136: Show information related to multicast (group address) routing.
1.34 jmc 137: By default, show the IP multicast virtual-interface and routing tables.
1.1 deraadt 138: If the
139: .Fl s
140: option is also present, show multicast routing statistics.
1.16 aaron 141: .It Fl I Ar interface
1.21 aaron 142: Show information about the specified
143: .Ar interface ;
1.1 deraadt 144: used with a
145: .Ar wait
146: interval as described below.
1.21 aaron 147: .Pp
1.19 itojun 148: If the
1.34 jmc 149: .Fl a
150: option is also present, multicast addresses currently in use are shown
151: for the given interface and for each IP interface address.
152: Multicast addresses are shown on separate lines following the interface
153: address with which they are associated.
154: .Pp
155: If the
1.19 itojun 156: .Fl f Ar address_family
157: option (with the
158: .Fl s
1.30 jmc 159: option) is present, show per-interface
160: statistics on the given interface for the specified
161: .Ar address_family .
1.1 deraadt 162: .It Fl i
163: Show the state of interfaces which have been auto-configured
1.21 aaron 164: (interfaces statically configured into a system but not
165: located at boot-time are not shown).
166: .Pp
1.1 deraadt 167: If the
168: .Fl a
1.21 aaron 169: option is also present, multicast addresses currently in use are shown
1.1 deraadt 170: for each Ethernet interface and for each IP interface address.
171: Multicast addresses are shown on separate lines following the interface
172: address with which they are associated.
1.21 aaron 173: .Pp
1.19 itojun 174: If the
175: .Fl f Ar address_family
176: option (with the
177: .Fl s
1.30 jmc 178: option) is present, show per-interface statistics on all interfaces
1.21 aaron 179: for the specified
1.30 jmc 180: .Ar address_family .
1.31 jmc 181: .It Fl l
182: With the
183: .Fl g
184: option, display wider fields for the IPv6 multicast routing table
185: .Qq Origin
186: and
187: .Qq Group
188: columns.
1.17 deraadt 189: .It Fl M Ar core
1.1 deraadt 190: Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
1.27 miod 191: instead of the running kernel.
1.1 deraadt 192: .It Fl m
193: Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
194: (the network manages a private pool of memory buffers).
1.17 deraadt 195: .It Fl N Ar system
1.27 miod 196: Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the running kernel.
1.1 deraadt 197: .It Fl n
198: Show network addresses as numbers (normally
1.21 aaron 199: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 200: interprets addresses and attempts to display them
201: symbolically).
202: This option may be used with any of the display formats.
1.16 aaron 203: .It Fl p Ar protocol
1.35 markus 204: Restrict the output to
1.12 aaron 205: .Ar protocol ,
1.21 aaron 206: which is either a well-known name for a protocol or an alias for it.
207: Some protocol names and aliases are listed in the file
1.1 deraadt 208: .Pa /etc/protocols .
209: The program will complain if
210: .Ar protocol
1.35 markus 211: is unknown.
212: If the
213: .Fl s
214: option is specified, the per-protocol statistics are displayed.
215: Otherwise the states of the matching sockets are shown.
1.26 brian 216: .It Fl q
217: Only show interfaces that have seen packets (or bytes if
218: .Fl b
1.34 jmc 219: is specified).
1.1 deraadt 220: .It Fl r
221: Show the routing tables.
1.21 aaron 222: If the
1.1 deraadt 223: .Fl s
1.21 aaron 224: option is also specified, show routing statistics instead.
1.36 cedric 225: .It Fl S
1.38 jmc 226: Make the
1.36 cedric 227: .Fl r
228: command display the source selector part of the routes.
1.26 brian 229: .It Fl s
230: Show per-protocol statistics.
231: If this option is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
1.31 jmc 232: .It Fl t
233: With the
234: .Fl i
235: option, display the current value of the watchdog timer function.
236: .It Fl u
237: Limit statistics or address control block reports to the
238: .Dv AF_UNIX
239: address family.
1.10 peter 240: .It Fl v
1.19 itojun 241: Be verbose.
242: Avoids truncation of long addresses.
1.1 deraadt 243: .It Fl w Ar wait
244: Show network interface statistics at intervals of
245: .Ar wait
246: seconds.
247: .El
248: .Pp
249: The default display, for active sockets, shows the local
250: and remote addresses, send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), protocol,
251: and the internal state of the protocol.
1.21 aaron 252: .Pp
253: Address formats are of the form
254: .Dq host.port
255: or
256: .Dq network.port
1.1 deraadt 257: if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address.
1.21 aaron 258: When known, the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
259: according to the databases
1.1 deraadt 260: .Pa /etc/hosts
261: and
262: .Pa /etc/networks ,
1.21 aaron 263: respectively.
264: If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if the
1.1 deraadt 265: .Fl n
266: option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according
267: to the address family.
1.21 aaron 268: .Pp
269: For more information regarding the Internet
270: .Dq dot format ,
1.1 deraadt 271: refer to
1.12 aaron 272: .Xr inet 3 .
1.34 jmc 273: Unspecified or
1.21 aaron 274: .Dq wildcard
275: addresses and ports appear as a single
1.34 jmc 276: .Sq * .
1.6 deraadt 277: If a local port number is registered as being in use for RPC by
1.12 aaron 278: .Xr portmap 8 ,
1.11 aaron 279: its RPC service name or RPC service number will be printed in
1.21 aaron 280: .Dq []
281: immediately after the port number.
1.1 deraadt 282: .Pp
283: The interface display provides a table of cumulative
284: statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions.
285: The network addresses of the interface
1.21 aaron 286: and the maximum transmission unit (MTU) are also displayed.
1.1 deraadt 287: .Pp
1.21 aaron 288: The routing table display indicates the available routes and their status.
289: Each route consists of a destination host or network and
290: a gateway to use in forwarding packets.
291: If the destination is a
292: network in numeric format, the netmask (in /24 style format) is appended.
293: The flags field shows a collection of information about
294: the route stored as binary choices.
295: The individual flags are discussed in more detail in the
1.1 deraadt 296: .Xr route 8
297: and
298: .Xr route 4
299: manual pages.
1.21 aaron 300: .Pp
1.1 deraadt 301: The mapping between letters and flags is:
302: .Bl -column XXXX RTF_BLACKHOLE
1.12 aaron 303: 1 RTF_PROTO1 Protocol specific routing flag #1.
304: 2 RTF_PROTO2 Protocol specific routing flag #2.
1.25 niklas 305: 3 RTF_PROTO3 Protocol specific routing flag #3.
1.16 aaron 306: B RTF_BLACKHOLE Just discard pkts (during updates).
1.12 aaron 307: C RTF_CLONING Generate new routes on use.
1.34 jmc 308: c RTF_CLONED Cloned routes (generated from RTF_CLONING).
1.12 aaron 309: D RTF_DYNAMIC Created dynamically (by redirect).
310: G RTF_GATEWAY Destination requires forwarding by intermediary.
311: H RTF_HOST Host entry (net otherwise).
1.1 deraadt 312: L RTF_LLINFO Valid protocol to link address translation.
1.12 aaron 313: M RTF_MODIFIED Modified dynamically (by redirect).
314: R RTF_REJECT Host or net unreachable.
315: S RTF_STATIC Manually added.
316: U RTF_UP Route usable.
317: X RTF_XRESOLVE External daemon translates proto to link address.
1.1 deraadt 318: .El
319: .Pp
1.21 aaron 320: Direct routes are created for each interface attached to the local host;
1.1 deraadt 321: the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.
1.21 aaron 322: The refcnt field gives the current number of active uses of the route.
323: Connection oriented protocols normally hold on to a single route for the
324: duration of a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while
325: sending to the same destination.
326: The use field provides a count of the number of packets sent using that route.
327: The MTU entry shows the MTU associated with that route.
328: This MTU value is used as the basis for the TCP maximum segment size (MSS).
1.34 jmc 329: The
330: .Sq L
331: flag appended to the MTU value indicates that the value is
332: locked, and that path MTU discovery is turned off for that route.
1.21 aaron 333: A
1.1 deraadt 334: .Sq -
1.12 aaron 335: indicates that the MTU for this route has not been set, and a default
1.21 aaron 336: TCP maximum segment size will be used.
337: The interface entry indicates the network interface utilized for the route.
1.1 deraadt 338: .Pp
339: When
1.21 aaron 340: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 341: is invoked with the
342: .Fl w
343: option and a
344: .Ar wait
345: interval argument, it displays a running count of statistics related to
346: network interfaces.
347: An obsolescent version of this option used a numeric parameter
348: with no option, and is currently supported for backward compatibility.
349: This display consists of a column for the primary interface (the first
350: interface found during autoconfiguration) and a column summarizing
351: information for all interfaces.
352: The primary interface may be replaced with another interface with the
353: .Fl I
354: option.
355: The first line of each screen of information contains a summary since the
1.21 aaron 356: system was last rebooted.
357: Subsequent lines of output show values accumulated over the preceding interval.
1.1 deraadt 358: .Sh SEE ALSO
359: .Xr nfsstat 1 ,
360: .Xr ps 1 ,
1.34 jmc 361: .Xr inet 3 ,
1.21 aaron 362: .Xr netintro 4 ,
1.34 jmc 363: .Xr route 4 ,
1.1 deraadt 364: .Xr hosts 5 ,
365: .Xr networks 5 ,
366: .Xr protocols 5 ,
367: .Xr services 5 ,
1.15 alex 368: .Xr iostat 8 ,
1.34 jmc 369: .Xr portmap 8 ,
370: .Xr route 8 ,
1.1 deraadt 371: .Xr trpt 8 ,
372: .Xr vmstat 8
373: .Sh HISTORY
374: The
1.21 aaron 375: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 376: command appeared in
377: .Bx 4.2 .
1.19 itojun 378: IPv6 support was added by WIDE/KAME project.
1.1 deraadt 379: .Sh BUGS
380: The notion of errors is ill-defined.
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