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Diff for /src/usr.bin/openssl/openssl.1 between version 1.75 and 1.76

version 1.75, 2016/09/17 15:10:50

version 1.76, 2016/09/19 12:55:04

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A previously created time stamp request in DER

format that will be printed into the output file.

Useful for examining the content of a request in human-readable format.

.It Fl md4|md5|ripemd160|sha|sha1

.It Fl md4 | md5 | ripemd160 | sha | sha1

The message digest to apply to the data file.

It supports all the message digest algorithms that are supported by the

.Nm dgst

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.It Fl verify

Verify the digital signature on the supplied SPKAC.

.El

.\"

.\" VERIFY

.\"

.Sh VERIFY

.nr nS 1

.Nm "openssl verify"

.Bk -words

.Op Fl CAfile Ar file

.Op Fl CApath Ar directory

.Op Fl check_ss_sig

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.Op Fl untrusted Ar file

.Op Fl verbose

.Op Fl x509_strict

.Op Fl

.Op Ar certificates

.Ek

.nr nS 0

.Pp

The

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.Ar directory

of trusted certificates.

The certificates should have names of the form

The certificates, or symbolic links to them,

.Em hash.0 ,

should have names of the form

or have symbolic links to them of this form

.Ar hash Ns .0 ,

("hash" is the hashed certificate subject name: see the

where

.Ar hash

is the hashed certificate subject name

(see the

.Fl hash

option of the

.Nm x509

utility).

The

.Nm c_rehash

script distributed with OpenSSL

will automatically create symbolic links to a directory of certificates.

.It Fl crl_check

Checks end entity certificate validity by attempting to look up a valid CRL.

Check end entity certificate validity by attempting to look up a valid CRL.

If a valid CRL cannot be found an error occurs.

.It Fl crl_check_all

Checks the validity of all certificates in the chain by attempting

Check the validity of all certificates in the chain by attempting

to look up valid CRLs.

.It Fl explicit_policy

Set policy variable require-explicit-policy (see RFC 3280 et al).

Set policy variable require-explicit-policy (RFC 3280).

.It Fl extended_crl

Enable extended CRL features such as indirect CRLs and alternate CRL

signing keys.

.It Fl help

Prints out a usage message.

Print a usage message.

.It Fl ignore_critical

Normally if an unhandled critical extension is present which is not

Ignore critical extensions instead of rejecting the certificate.

supported by

.Nm OpenSSL ,

the certificate is rejected (as required by RFC 3280 et al).

If this option is set, critical extensions are ignored.

.It Fl inhibit_any

Set policy variable inhibit-any-policy (see RFC 3280 et al).

Set policy variable inhibit-any-policy (RFC 3280).

.It Fl inhibit_map

Set policy variable inhibit-policy-mapping (see RFC 3280 et al).

Set policy variable inhibit-policy-mapping (RFC 3280).

.It Fl issuer_checks

Print out diagnostics relating to searches for the issuer certificate

Print diagnostics relating to searches for the issuer certificate

of the current certificate.

of the current certificate

This shows why each candidate issuer certificate was rejected.

showing why each candidate issuer certificate was rejected.

However the presence of rejection messages

The presence of rejection messages

does not itself imply that anything is wrong: during the normal

does not itself imply that anything is wrong:

verify process several rejections may take place.

during the normal verify process several rejections may take place.

.It Fl policy_check

Enables certificate policy processing.

Enable certificate policy processing.

.It Fl purpose Ar purpose

The intended use for the certificate.

Without this option no chain verification will be done.

Currently accepted uses are

.Ar sslclient , sslserver ,

.Cm sslclient , sslserver ,

.Ar nssslserver , smimesign ,

.Cm nssslserver , smimesign ,

.Ar smimeencrypt , crlsign ,

.Cm smimeencrypt , crlsign ,

.Ar any ,

.Cm any ,

and

.Ar ocsphelper .

.Cm ocsphelper .

See the

.Sx VERIFY OPERATION

section for more information.

.It Fl untrusted Ar file

.Ar file

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.It Fl x509_strict

Disable workarounds for broken certificates which have to be disabled

for strict X.509 compliance.

.It Fl

Marks the last option.

All arguments following this are assumed to be certificate files.

This is useful if the first certificate filename begins with a

.Sq - .

.It Ar certificates

One or more

One or more PEM

.Ar certificates

to verify.

If no certificate files are included, an attempt is made to read

a certificate from standard input.

They should all be in PEM format.

If the first certificate filename begins with a dash,

use a lone dash to mark the last option.

.El

.Sh VERIFY OPERATION

.Pp

The

.Nm verify

program uses the same functions as the internal SSL and S/MIME verification,

therefore this description applies to these verify operations too.

with one crucial difference:

.Pp

wherever possible an attempt is made to continue after an error,

There is one crucial difference between the verify operations performed

whereas normally the verify operation would halt on the first error.

by the

.Nm verify

program: wherever possible an attempt is made to continue

after an error, whereas normally the verify operation would halt on the

first error.

This allows all the problems with a certificate chain to be determined.

.Pp

The verify operation consists of a number of separate steps:

The verify operation consists of a number of separate steps.

.Pp

Firstly a certificate chain is built up starting from the supplied certificate

and ending in the root CA.

It is an error if the whole chain cannot be built up.

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If a certificate is found which is its own issuer, it is assumed

to be the root CA.

.Pp

The process of

All certificates whose subject name matches the issuer name

.Qq looking up the issuer's certificate

itself involves a number of steps.

In versions of

.Nm OpenSSL

before 0.9.5a the first certificate whose subject name matched the issuer

of the current certificate was assumed to be the issuer's certificate.

.Nm OpenSSL

0.9.6 and later all certificates whose subject name matches the issuer name

of the current certificate are subject to further tests.

The relevant authority key identifier components of the current certificate

.Pq if present

(if present) must match the subject key identifier (if present)

must match the subject key identifier

and issuer and serial number of the candidate issuer;

.Pq if present

in addition the

and issuer and serial number of the candidate issuer; in addition the

.Cm keyUsage

.Em keyUsage

extension of the candidate issuer (if present) must permit certificate signing.

extension of the candidate issuer

.Pq if present

must permit certificate signing.

.Pp

The lookup first looks in the list of untrusted certificates and if no match

is found the remaining lookups are from the trusted certificates.

The root CA is always looked up in the trusted certificate list: if the

The root CA is always looked up in the trusted certificate list:

certificate to verify is a root certificate, then an exact match must be

if the certificate to verify is a root certificate,

found in the trusted list.

then an exact match must be found in the trusted list.

.Pp

The second operation is to check every untrusted certificate's extensions for

consistency with the supplied purpose.

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and all other certificates must also be valid CA certificates.

The precise extensions required are described in more detail in

the

.Sx X.509 CERTIFICATE EXTENSIONS

.Nm X509

section below.

.Pp

The third operation is to check the trust settings on the root CA.

The root CA should be trusted for the supplied purpose.

For compatibility with previous versions of

A certificate with no trust settings is considered to be valid for

.Nm SSLeay

and

.Nm OpenSSL ,

a certificate with no trust settings is considered to be valid for

all purposes.

.Pp

The final operation is to check the validity of the certificate chain.

The validity period is checked against the current system time and the

.Em notBefore

.Cm notBefore

and

.Em notAfter

.Cm notAfter

dates in the certificate.

The certificate signatures are also checked at this point.

.Pp

If all operations complete successfully, the certificate is considered

valid.

If any operation fails then the certificate is not valid.

.Sh VERIFY DIAGNOSTICS

When a verify operation fails, the output messages can be somewhat cryptic.

The general form of the error message is:

.Bd -unfilled

.Bd -literal

\& server.pem: /C=AU/ST=Queensland/O=CryptSoft Pty Ltd/CN=Test CA (1024-bit)

server.pem: /C=AU/ST=Queensland/O=CryptSoft Pty Ltd/CN=Test CA (1024-bit)

\& error 24 at 1 depth lookup:invalid CA certificate

error 24 at 1 depth lookup:invalid CA certificate

.Ed

.Pp

The first line contains the name of the certificate being verified, followed by

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An exhaustive list of the error codes and messages is shown below; this also

includes the name of the error code as defined in the header file

.In openssl/x509_vfy.h .

Some of the error codes are defined but never returned: these are described

Some of the error codes are defined but never returned: these are described as

.Qq unused .

.Bl -tag -width "XXXX"

.It Ar "0 X509_V_OK: ok"

.It "0 X509_V_OK: ok"

The operation was successful.

.It Ar 2 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT: unable to get issuer certificate

.It 2 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT: unable to get issuer certificate

The issuer certificate could not be found: this occurs if the issuer certificate

of an untrusted certificate cannot be found.

.It Ar 3 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL: unable to get certificate CRL

.It 3 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL: unable to get certificate CRL

The CRL of a certificate could not be found.

.It Ar 4 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt certificate's signature

.It 4 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt certificate's signature

The certificate signature could not be decrypted.

This means that the actual signature value could not be determined rather

than it not matching the expected value.

This is only meaningful for RSA keys.

.It Ar 5 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt CRL's signature

.It 5 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt CRL's signature

The CRL signature could not be decrypted: this means that the actual

signature value could not be determined rather than it not matching the

expected value.

Unused.

.It Ar 6 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY: unable to decode issuer public key

.It 6 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY: unable to decode issuer public key

The public key in the certificate

.Em SubjectPublicKeyInfo

.Cm SubjectPublicKeyInfo

could not be read.

.It Ar 7 X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: certificate signature failure

.It 7 X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: certificate signature failure

The signature of the certificate is invalid.

.It Ar 8 X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: CRL signature failure

.It 8 X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: CRL signature failure

The signature of the certificate is invalid.

.It Ar 9 X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID: certificate is not yet valid

.It 9 X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID: certificate is not yet valid

The certificate is not yet valid: the

.Em notBefore

.Cm notBefore

date is after the current time.

.It Ar 10 X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED: certificate has expired

.It 10 X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED: certificate has expired

The certificate has expired; that is, the

.Em notAfter

.Cm notAfter

date is before the current time.

.It Ar 11 X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID: CRL is not yet valid

.It 11 X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID: CRL is not yet valid

The CRL is not yet valid.

.It Ar 12 X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED: CRL has expired

.It 12 X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED: CRL has expired

The CRL has expired.

.It Ar 13 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD: format error in certificate's notBefore field

.It 13 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD: format error in certificate's notBefore field

The certificate

.Em notBefore

.Cm notBefore

field contains an invalid time.

.It Ar 14 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD: format error in certificate's notAfter field

.It 14 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD: format error in certificate's notAfter field

The certificate

.Em notAfter

.Cm notAfter

field contains an invalid time.

.It Ar 15 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's lastUpdate field

.It 15 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's lastUpdate field

The CRL

.Em lastUpdate

.Cm lastUpdate

field contains an invalid time.

.It Ar 16 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's nextUpdate field

.It 16 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's nextUpdate field

The CRL

.Em nextUpdate

.Cm nextUpdate

field contains an invalid time.

.It Ar 17 X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM: out of memory

.It 17 X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM: out of memory

An error occurred trying to allocate memory.

This should never happen.

.It Ar 18 X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT: self signed certificate

.It 18 X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT: self signed certificate

The passed certificate is self-signed and the same certificate cannot be

found in the list of trusted certificates.

.It Ar 19 X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN: self signed certificate in certificate chain

.It 19 X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN: self signed certificate in certificate chain

The certificate chain could be built up using the untrusted certificates but

the root could not be found locally.

.It Ar 20 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate

.It 20 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate

The issuer certificate of a locally looked up certificate could not be found.

This normally means the list of trusted certificates is not complete.

.It Ar 21 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE: unable to verify the first certificate

.It 21 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE: unable to verify the first certificate

No signatures could be verified because the chain contains only one

certificate and it is not self-signed.

.It Ar 22 X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG: certificate chain too long

.It 22 X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG: certificate chain too long

The certificate chain length is greater than the supplied maximum depth.

Unused.

.It Ar 23 X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED: certificate revoked

.It 23 X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED: certificate revoked

The certificate has been revoked.

.It Ar 24 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA: invalid CA certificate

.It 24 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA: invalid CA certificate

A CA certificate is invalid.

Either it is not a CA or its extensions are not consistent

with the supplied purpose.

.It Ar 25 X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED: path length constraint exceeded

.It 25 X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED: path length constraint exceeded

The

.Em basicConstraints

.Cm basicConstraints

pathlength parameter has been exceeded.

.It Ar 26 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE: unsupported certificate purpose

.It 26 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE: unsupported certificate purpose

The supplied certificate cannot be used for the specified purpose.

.It Ar 27 X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted

.It 27 X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted

The root CA is not marked as trusted for the specified purpose.

.It Ar 28 X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED: certificate rejected

.It 28 X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED: certificate rejected

The root CA is marked to reject the specified purpose.

.It Ar 29 X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH: subject issuer mismatch

.It 29 X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH: subject issuer mismatch

The current candidate issuer certificate was rejected because its subject name

did not match the issuer name of the current certificate.

Only displayed when the

.Fl issuer_checks

option is set.

.It Ar 30 X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH: authority and subject key identifier mismatch

.It 30 X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH: authority and subject key identifier mismatch

The current candidate issuer certificate was rejected because its subject key

identifier was present and did not match the authority key identifier current

certificate.

Only displayed when the

.Fl issuer_checks

option is set.

.It Ar 31 X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH: authority and issuer serial number mismatch

.It 31 X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH: authority and issuer serial number mismatch

The current candidate issuer certificate was rejected because its issuer name

and serial number were present and did not match the authority key identifier

of the current certificate.

Only displayed when the

.Fl issuer_checks

option is set.

.It Ar 32 X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN:key usage does not include certificate signing

.It 32 X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN:key usage does not include certificate signing

The current candidate issuer certificate was rejected because its

.Em keyUsage

.Cm keyUsage

extension does not permit certificate signing.

.It Ar 50 X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION: application verification failure

.It 50 X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION: application verification failure

An application specific error.

Unused.

.El

.Sh VERIFY BUGS

Although the issuer checks are a considerable improvement over the old

technique, they still suffer from limitations in the underlying

X509_LOOKUP API.

One consequence of this is that trusted certificates with matching subject

name must either appear in a file (as specified by the

.Fl CAfile

option) or a directory (as specified by

.Fl CApath ) .

If they occur in both, only the certificates in the file will

be recognised.

.Pp

Previous versions of

.Nm OpenSSL

assumed certificates with matching subject name were identical and

mishandled them.

.\"

.\" VERSION

.\"