Annotation of src/usr.bin/passwd/passwd.1, Revision 1.17
1.17 ! hin 1: .\" $OpenBSD: passwd.1,v 1.16 2001/06/23 05:57:07 deraadt Exp $
1.9 aaron 2: .\"
1.1 deraadt 3: .\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
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34: .\" from: @(#)passwd.1 6.11 (Berkeley) 7/24/91
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36: .Dd July 24, 1991
37: .Dt PASSWD 1
1.8 aaron 38: .Os
1.1 deraadt 39: .Sh NAME
40: .Nm passwd
41: .Nd modify a user's password
42: .Sh SYNOPSIS
43: .Nm passwd
44: .Op Fl l
1.5 art 45: .Op Fl y
1.1 deraadt 46: .Op Fl k
1.17 ! hin 47: .Op Fl K
1.5 art 48: .Op Fl n Ar name
49: .Op Fl i Ar instance
50: .Op Fl r Ar realm
51: .Op Fl u Ar username[.instance][@realm]
1.1 deraadt 52: .Op Ar user
1.5 art 53: .\" This should really be: passwd [-l] [-y] [-k [-n name] [-i instance] [-r realm] [-u username[.instance][@realm]]] [user]
1.1 deraadt 54: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.13 aaron 55: .Nm
1.17 ! hin 56: changes the user's local, KerberosIV, KerberosV, or YP password.
1.9 aaron 57: First, the user is prompted for their current password.
1.13 aaron 58: If the current password is correctly typed, a new password is requested.
1.1 deraadt 59: The new password must be entered twice to avoid typing errors.
60: .Pp
61: The new password should be at least six characters long and not
62: purely alphabetic.
63: Its total length must be less than
64: .Dv _PASSWORD_LEN
65: (currently 128 characters).
1.13 aaron 66: A mixture of both lower and uppercase letters, numbers, and
67: meta-characters is encouraged.
1.12 provos 68: .Pp
69: The quality of the password can be enforced by providing an external
70: checking program in
71: .Xr passwd.conf 5 .
1.9 aaron 72: .Pp
73: The options are as follows:
1.14 aaron 74: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.1 deraadt 75: .It Fl l
1.13 aaron 76: Causes the password to be updated only in the local password file.
1.9 aaron 77: When changing only the local password,
78: .Xr pwd_mkdb 8
1.1 deraadt 79: is used to update the password databases.
1.6 art 80: .It Fl y
1.7 aaron 81: Forces the YP password database entry to be changed, even if
1.9 aaron 82: the user has an entry in the local database.
83: The
1.6 art 84: .Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8
85: daemon should be running on the YP master server.
1.1 deraadt 86: .It Fl k
1.17 ! hin 87: Forces the change to affect the KerberosIV database, even
1.1 deraadt 88: if the user has a password in the local database.
89: Once the password has been verified,
1.13 aaron 90: .Nm
1.17 ! hin 91: communicates the new password information to the KerberosIV authenticating host.
1.6 art 92: .El
93: .Pp
1.8 aaron 94: The following flags are only used when the
1.6 art 95: .Fl k
1.7 aaron 96: flag is specified:
1.6 art 97: .Bl -tag -width flag
1.7 aaron 98: .It Fl n Ar name
1.8 aaron 99: Specifies a
1.7 aaron 100: .Ar name
1.9 aaron 101: that will be used as the principal name rather than the username
1.6 art 102: of the user running
1.7 aaron 103: .Nm passwd .
1.9 aaron 104: (This is determined from the ticket file if it exists; otherwise,
1.7 aaron 105: it is determined from the Unix user ID.)
106: .It Fl i Ar instance
1.8 aaron 107: Specifies an
108: .Ar instance
1.6 art 109: to use rather than a null instance.
1.7 aaron 110: .It Fl r Ar realm
111: Specifies a
112: .Ar realm
1.6 art 113: instead of the local realm.
1.7 aaron 114: .It Fl u Ar username[.instance][@realm]
1.17 ! hin 115: Specifies a fully qualified KerberosIV principal.
! 116: .It Fl K Ar principal@REALM
! 117: Changes a users KerberosV password.
1.1 deraadt 118: .El
119: .Pp
120: This is the behavior if no flags are specified:
1.17 ! hin 121: if KerberosIV is active then
1.13 aaron 122: .Nm
1.17 ! hin 123: will talk to the KerberosIV server (even if the user has an entry
1.7 aaron 124: in the local database).
1.1 deraadt 125: If the password is not in the local password database, then
126: an attempt is made to use the YP database.
127: .Pp
1.17 ! hin 128: To change another user's KerberosIV password, one must first run
1.1 deraadt 129: .Xr kinit 1
130: followed by
131: .Xr passwd 1 .
1.11 aaron 132: The superuser is not required to provide a user's current password
1.1 deraadt 133: if only the local password is modified.
1.4 provos 134: .Pp
135: Which type of cipher is used to encrypt the password information
136: depends on the configuration in
1.8 aaron 137: .Xr passwd.conf 5 .
1.4 provos 138: It can be different for local and YP passwords.
1.13 aaron 139: .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
140: .Bl -diag
141: .It "the passwd file is busy"
142: The password file is currently locked by another process, or a
143: process previously holding the lock was prematurely terminated.
144: In the latter case, it is safe to remove the
145: .Pa /etc/ptmp
146: file to get rid of this error.
1.1 deraadt 147: .Sh FILES
148: .Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
149: .It Pa /etc/master.passwd
1.7 aaron 150: user database
1.8 aaron 151: .It Pa /etc/passwd
1.7 aaron 152: a Version 7 format password file
1.1 deraadt 153: .It Pa /etc/passwd.XXXXXX
1.7 aaron 154: temporary copy of the password file
1.4 provos 155: .It /etc/passwd.conf
1.7 aaron 156: configuration options
1.13 aaron 157: .It /etc/ptmp
158: lock file for the passwd database
1.1 deraadt 159: .El
160: .Sh SEE ALSO
161: .Xr chpass 1 ,
162: .Xr kerberos 1 ,
163: .Xr kinit 1 ,
164: .Xr login 1 ,
165: .Xr passwd 5 ,
1.4 provos 166: .Xr passwd.conf 5 ,
1.1 deraadt 167: .Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
168: .Xr vipw 8
169: .Rs
1.16 deraadt 170: .%A Robert Morris
171: .%A Ken Thompson
1.1 deraadt 172: .%T "UNIX password security"
173: .Re
174: .Sh HISTORY
175: A
1.13 aaron 176: .Nm
1.1 deraadt 177: command appeared in
178: .At v6 .
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