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rcsid[] and sccsid[] and copyright[] are essentially unmaintained (and
unmaintainable).  these days, people use source.  these id's do not provide
any benefit, and do hurt the small install media
(the 33,000 line diff is essentially mechanical)
ok with the idea millert, ok dms

/*	$OpenBSD: printf.c,v 1.17 2009/10/27 23:59:41 deraadt Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <err.h>

static int	 print_escape_str(const char *);
static int	 print_escape(const char *);

static int	 getchr(void);
static double	 getdouble(void);
static int	 getint(void);
static long	 getlong(void);
static unsigned long getulong(void);
static char	*getstr(void);
static char	*mklong(const char *, int); 
static void      check_conversion(const char *, const char *);
static void	 usage(void); 
     
static int	rval;
static char  **gargv;

#define isodigit(c)	((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '7')
#define octtobin(c)	((c) - '0')
#define hextobin(c)	((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'F' ? c - 'A' + 10 : (c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'f' ? c - 'a' + 10 : c - '0')

#define PF(f, func) { \
	if (fieldwidth) \
		if (precision) \
			(void)printf(f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
		else \
			(void)printf(f, fieldwidth, func); \
	else if (precision) \
		(void)printf(f, precision, func); \
	else \
		(void)printf(f, func); \
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	char *fmt, *start;
	int fieldwidth, precision;
	char convch, nextch;
	char *format;

	setlocale (LC_ALL, "");

	/* Need to accept/ignore "--" option. */
	if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--") == 0) {
		argc--;
		argv++;
	}

	if (argc < 2) {
		usage();
		return (1);
	}

	format = *++argv;
	gargv = ++argv;

#define SKIP1	"#-+ 0"
#define SKIP2	"0123456789"
	do {
		/*
		 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
		 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
		 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value. 
		 * Note, format strings are reused as necessary to use up the
		 * provided arguments, arguments of zero/null string are 
		 * provided to use up the format string.
		 */

		/* find next format specification */
		for (fmt = format; *fmt; fmt++) {
			switch (*fmt) {
			case '%':
				start = fmt++;

				if (*fmt == '%') {
					putchar ('%');
					break;
				} else if (*fmt == 'b') {
					char *p = getstr();
					if (print_escape_str(p)) {
						return (rval);
					}
					break;
				}

				/* skip to field width */
				for (; strchr(SKIP1, *fmt); ++fmt)
					;
				if (*fmt == '*') {
					++fmt;
					fieldwidth = getint();
				} else
					fieldwidth = 0;

				/* skip to field precision */
				for (; strchr(SKIP2, *fmt); ++fmt)
					;
				precision = 0;
				if (*fmt == '.') {
					++fmt;
					if (*fmt == '*') {
						++fmt;
						precision = getint();
					}
					for (; strchr(SKIP2, *fmt); ++fmt)
						;
				}

				if (!*fmt) {
					warnx ("missing format character");
					return(1);
				}

				convch = *fmt;
				nextch = *(fmt + 1);
				*(fmt + 1) = '\0';
				switch(convch) {
				case 'c': {
					char p = getchr();
					PF(start, p);
					break;
				}
				case 's': {
					char *p = getstr();
					PF(start, p);
					break;
				}
				case 'd':
				case 'i': {
					long p;
					char *f = mklong(start, convch);
					if (!f) {
						warnx("out of memory");
						return (1);
					}
					p = getlong();
					PF(f, p);
					break;
				}
				case 'o':
				case 'u':
				case 'x':
				case 'X': {
					unsigned long p;
					char *f = mklong(start, convch);
					if (!f) {
						warnx("out of memory");
						return (1);
					}
					p = getulong();
					PF(f, p);
					break;
				}
				case 'a':
				case 'A':
				case 'e':
				case 'E':
				case 'f':
				case 'F':
				case 'g':
				case 'G': {
					double p = getdouble();
					PF(start, p);
					break;
				}
				default:
					warnx ("%s: invalid directive", start);
					return(1);
				}
				*(fmt + 1) = nextch;
				break;

			case '\\':
				fmt += print_escape(fmt);
				break;

			default:
				putchar (*fmt);
				break;
			}
		}
	} while (gargv > argv && *gargv);

	return (rval);
}


/*
 * Print SysV echo(1) style escape string 
 *	Halts processing string and returns 1 if a \c escape is encountered.
 */
static int
print_escape_str(const char *str)
{
	int value;
	int c;

	while (*str) {
		if (*str == '\\') {
			str++;
			/* 
			 * %b string octal constants are not like those in C.
			 * They start with a \0, and are followed by 0, 1, 2, 
			 * or 3 octal digits. 
			 */
			if (*str == '0') {
				str++;
				for (c = 3, value = 0; c-- && isodigit(*str); str++) {
					value <<= 3;
					value += octtobin(*str);
				}
				putchar (value);
				str--;
			} else if (*str == 'c') {
				return 1;
			} else {
				str--;			
				str += print_escape(str);
			}
		} else {
			putchar (*str);
		}
		str++;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Print "standard" escape characters 
 */
static int
print_escape(const char *str)
{
	const char *start = str;
	int value;
	int c;

	str++;

	switch (*str) {
	case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
	case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
		for (c = 3, value = 0; c-- && isodigit(*str); str++) {
			value <<= 3;
			value += octtobin(*str);
		}
		putchar(value);
		return str - start - 1;
		/* NOTREACHED */

	case 'x':
		str++;
		for (value = 0; isxdigit(*str); str++) {
			value <<= 4;
			value += hextobin(*str);
		}
		if (value > UCHAR_MAX) {
			warnx ("escape sequence out of range for character");
			rval = 1;
		}
		putchar (value);
		return str - start - 1;
		/* NOTREACHED */

	case '\\':			/* backslash */
		putchar('\\');
		break;

	case '\'':			/* single quote */
		putchar('\'');
		break;

	case '"':			/* double quote */
		putchar('"');
		break;

	case 'a':			/* alert */
		putchar('\a');
		break;

	case 'b':			/* backspace */
		putchar('\b');
		break;

	case 'e':			/* escape */
#ifdef __GNUC__
		putchar('\e');
#else
		putchar(033);
#endif
		break;

	case 'f':			/* form-feed */
		putchar('\f');
		break;

	case 'n':			/* newline */
		putchar('\n');
		break;

	case 'r':			/* carriage-return */
		putchar('\r');
		break;

	case 't':			/* tab */
		putchar('\t');
		break;

	case 'v':			/* vertical-tab */
		putchar('\v');
		break;

	default:
		putchar(*str);
		warnx("unknown escape sequence `\\%c'", *str);
		rval = 1;
	}

	return 1;
}

static char *
mklong(const char *str, int ch)
{
	static char *copy;
	static int copysize;
	int len;	

	len = strlen(str) + 2;
	if (copysize < len) {
		char *newcopy;
		copysize = len + 256;

		newcopy = realloc(copy, copysize);
		if (newcopy == NULL) {
			copysize = 0;
			free(copy);
			copy = NULL;
			return (NULL);
		}
		copy = newcopy;
	}
	(void) memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
	copy[len - 3] = 'l';
	copy[len - 2] = ch;
	copy[len - 1] = '\0';
	return (copy);	
}

static int
getchr(void)
{
	if (!*gargv)
		return((int)'\0');
	return((int)**gargv++);
}

static char *
getstr(void)
{
	if (!*gargv)
		return("");
	return(*gargv++);
}

static char *number = "+-.0123456789";
static int
getint(void)
{
	if (!*gargv)
		return(0);

	if (strchr(number, **gargv))
		return(atoi(*gargv++));

	return 0;
}

static long
getlong(void)
{
	long val;
	char *ep;

	if (!*gargv)
		return(0L);

	if (**gargv == '\"' || **gargv == '\'')
		return (long) *((*gargv++)+1);

	errno = 0;
	val = strtol (*gargv, &ep, 0);
	check_conversion(*gargv++, ep);
	return val;
}

static unsigned long
getulong(void)
{
	unsigned long val;
	char *ep;

	if (!*gargv)
		return(0UL);

	if (**gargv == '\"' || **gargv == '\'')
		return (unsigned long) *((*gargv++)+1);

	errno = 0;
	val = strtoul (*gargv, &ep, 0);
	check_conversion(*gargv++, ep);
	return val;
}

static double
getdouble(void)
{
	double val;
	char *ep;

	if (!*gargv)
		return(0.0);

	if (**gargv == '\"' || **gargv == '\'')
		return (double) *((*gargv++)+1);

	errno = 0;
	val = strtod (*gargv, &ep);
	check_conversion(*gargv++, ep);
	return val;
}

static void
check_conversion(const char *s, const char *ep)
{
	if (*ep) {
		if (ep == s)
			warnx ("%s: expected numeric value", s);
		else
			warnx ("%s: not completely converted", s);
		rval = 1;
	} else if (errno == ERANGE) {
		warnx ("%s: %s", s, strerror(ERANGE));
		rval = 1;
	}
}

static void
usage(void)
{
	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: printf format [arg ...]\n");
}