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sndiod: Allow alternative devices to support different modes.

Currently sndiod does not allow you to use alternative devices (-F
devices) which support only a subset of the modes of the main (-f)
device.

For example, if you do `sndiod -f rsnd/0 -F rsnd/1` and:
 - rsnd/0 is full-duplex (rec + play).
 - rsnd/1 is play-only.

Then you will be unable to use rsnd/1 as sndiod deems it incompatible
and refuses to use it (similarly if rsnd/1 is record-only).

This is annoying. It means if you want to use a record-only or play-only
device, you will either have to kill sndiod and restart it specifying
only that device (`sndiod -f rsnd/1` for the above example), or failing
that, downgrade the functionality of the main device (`-m play`).

This diff (a joint effort between ratchov@ and myself) makes mixing
devices with different modes possible. It does this by making both
recording and playing available for all devices, even if the underlying
hardware doesn't support both modes.

For example, if I try to record from a play-only device, then recording
will succeed, but the captured PCM data will be pure silence. Similarly,
if I try to play to a record-only device, then the audio stream will
disappear into the ether.

This is mostly a no-op for sndiod in the default configuration (except
that play-only devices now accept recording clients). If you use
alternative devices (-F), then it's possible for a record-only device to
be found first, which may be confusing if you just want to hear sound.
We can only assume that if you deviate from defaults, then you know what
you are doing.

With guidance from, and OK ratchov@, thanks!

/*	$OpenBSD: dev.c,v 1.91 2021/03/02 12:15:46 edd Exp $	*/
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Alexandre Ratchov <alex@caoua.org>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "abuf.h"
#include "defs.h"
#include "dev.h"
#include "dsp.h"
#include "siofile.h"
#include "midi.h"
#include "opt.h"
#include "sysex.h"
#include "utils.h"

void zomb_onmove(void *);
void zomb_onvol(void *);
void zomb_fill(void *);
void zomb_flush(void *);
void zomb_eof(void *);
void zomb_exit(void *);

void dev_log(struct dev *);
void dev_midi_qfr(struct dev *, int);
void dev_midi_full(struct dev *);
void dev_midi_vol(struct dev *, struct slot *);
void dev_midi_master(struct dev *);
void dev_midi_slotdesc(struct dev *, struct slot *);
void dev_midi_dump(struct dev *);
void dev_midi_imsg(void *, unsigned char *, int);
void dev_midi_omsg(void *, unsigned char *, int);
void dev_midi_fill(void *, int);
void dev_midi_exit(void *);

void dev_mix_badd(struct dev *, struct slot *);
void dev_mix_adjvol(struct dev *);
void dev_sub_bcopy(struct dev *, struct slot *);

void dev_onmove(struct dev *, int);
void dev_master(struct dev *, unsigned int);
void dev_cycle(struct dev *);
int dev_getpos(struct dev *);
struct dev *dev_new(char *, struct aparams *, unsigned int, unsigned int,
    unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int);
void dev_adjpar(struct dev *, int, int, int);
int dev_allocbufs(struct dev *);
int dev_open(struct dev *);
void dev_freebufs(struct dev *);
void dev_close(struct dev *);
int dev_ref(struct dev *);
void dev_unref(struct dev *);
int dev_init(struct dev *);
void dev_done(struct dev *);
struct dev *dev_bynum(int);
void dev_del(struct dev *);
void dev_setalt(struct dev *, unsigned int);
unsigned int dev_roundof(struct dev *, unsigned int);
void dev_wakeup(struct dev *);
void dev_sync_attach(struct dev *);
void dev_mmcstart(struct dev *);
void dev_mmcstop(struct dev *);
void dev_mmcloc(struct dev *, unsigned int);

void slot_ctlname(struct slot *, char *, size_t);
void slot_log(struct slot *);
void slot_del(struct slot *);
void slot_setvol(struct slot *, unsigned int);
void slot_ready(struct slot *);
void slot_allocbufs(struct slot *);
void slot_freebufs(struct slot *);
void slot_skip_update(struct slot *);
void slot_write(struct slot *);
void slot_read(struct slot *);
int slot_skip(struct slot *);

void ctl_node_log(struct ctl_node *);
void ctl_log(struct ctl *);

struct midiops dev_midiops = {
	dev_midi_imsg,
	dev_midi_omsg,
	dev_midi_fill,
	dev_midi_exit
};

struct slotops zomb_slotops = {
	zomb_onmove,
	zomb_onvol,
	zomb_fill,
	zomb_flush,
	zomb_eof,
	zomb_exit
};

struct dev *dev_list = NULL;
unsigned int dev_sndnum = 0;

struct ctlslot ctlslot_array[DEV_NCTLSLOT];
struct slot slot_array[DEV_NSLOT];
unsigned int slot_serial;		/* for slot allocation */

void
slot_array_init(void)
{
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++) {
		slot_array[i].unit = i;
		slot_array[i].ops = NULL;
		slot_array[i].vol = MIDI_MAXCTL;
		slot_array[i].opt = NULL;
		slot_array[i].serial = slot_serial++;
		memset(slot_array[i].name, 0, SLOT_NAMEMAX);
	}
}

void
dev_log(struct dev *d)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
	static char *pstates[] = {
		"cfg", "ini", "run"
	};
#endif
	log_puts("snd");
	log_putu(d->num);
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		log_puts(" pst=");
		log_puts(pstates[d->pstate]);
	}
#endif
}

void
slot_ctlname(struct slot *s, char *name, size_t size)
{
	snprintf(name, size, "%s%u", s->name, s->unit);
}

void
slot_log(struct slot *s)
{
	char name[CTL_NAMEMAX];
#ifdef DEBUG
	static char *pstates[] = {
		"ini", "sta", "rdy", "run", "stp", "mid"
	};
#endif
	slot_ctlname(s, name, CTL_NAMEMAX);
	log_puts(name);
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		log_puts(" vol=");
		log_putu(s->vol);
		if (s->ops) {
			log_puts(",pst=");
			log_puts(pstates[s->pstate]);
		}
	}
#endif
}

void
zomb_onmove(void *arg)
{
}

void
zomb_onvol(void *arg)
{
}

void
zomb_fill(void *arg)
{
}

void
zomb_flush(void *arg)
{
}

void
zomb_eof(void *arg)
{
	struct slot *s = arg;

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": zomb_eof\n");
	}
#endif
	s->ops = NULL;
}

void
zomb_exit(void *arg)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
	struct slot *s = arg;

	if (log_level >= 3) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": zomb_exit\n");
	}
#endif
}

/*
 * send a quarter frame MTC message
 */
void
dev_midi_qfr(struct dev *d, int delta)
{
	unsigned char buf[2];
	unsigned int data;
	int qfrlen;

	d->mtc.delta += delta * MTC_SEC;
	qfrlen = d->rate * (MTC_SEC / (4 * d->mtc.fps));
	while (d->mtc.delta >= qfrlen) {
		switch (d->mtc.qfr) {
		case 0:
			data = d->mtc.fr & 0xf;
			break;
		case 1:
			data = d->mtc.fr >> 4;
			break;
		case 2:
			data = d->mtc.sec & 0xf;
			break;
		case 3:
			data = d->mtc.sec >> 4;
			break;
		case 4:
			data = d->mtc.min & 0xf;
			break;
		case 5:
			data = d->mtc.min >> 4;
			break;
		case 6:
			data = d->mtc.hr & 0xf;
			break;
		case 7:
			data = (d->mtc.hr >> 4) | (d->mtc.fps_id << 1);
			/*
			 * tick messages are sent 2 frames ahead
			 */
			d->mtc.fr += 2;
			if (d->mtc.fr < d->mtc.fps)
				break;
			d->mtc.fr -= d->mtc.fps;
			d->mtc.sec++;
			if (d->mtc.sec < 60)
				break;
			d->mtc.sec = 0;
			d->mtc.min++;
			if (d->mtc.min < 60)
				break;
			d->mtc.min = 0;
			d->mtc.hr++;
			if (d->mtc.hr < 24)
				break;
			d->mtc.hr = 0;
			break;
		default:
			/* NOTREACHED */
			data = 0;
		}
		buf[0] = 0xf1;
		buf[1] = (d->mtc.qfr << 4) | data;
		d->mtc.qfr++;
		d->mtc.qfr &= 7;
		midi_send(d->midi, buf, 2);
		d->mtc.delta -= qfrlen;
	}
}

/*
 * send a full frame MTC message
 */
void
dev_midi_full(struct dev *d)
{
	struct sysex x;
	unsigned int fps;

	d->mtc.delta = MTC_SEC * dev_getpos(d);
	if (d->rate % (30 * 4 * d->round) == 0) {
		d->mtc.fps_id = MTC_FPS_30;
		d->mtc.fps = 30;
	} else if (d->rate % (25 * 4 * d->round) == 0) {
		d->mtc.fps_id = MTC_FPS_25;
		d->mtc.fps = 25;
	} else {
		d->mtc.fps_id = MTC_FPS_24;
		d->mtc.fps = 24;
	}
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": mtc full frame at ");
		log_puti(d->mtc.delta);
		log_puts(", ");
		log_puti(d->mtc.fps);
		log_puts(" fps\n");
	}
#endif
	fps = d->mtc.fps;
	d->mtc.hr =  (d->mtc.origin / (MTC_SEC * 3600)) % 24;
	d->mtc.min = (d->mtc.origin / (MTC_SEC * 60))   % 60;
	d->mtc.sec = (d->mtc.origin / (MTC_SEC))        % 60;
	d->mtc.fr =  (d->mtc.origin / (MTC_SEC / fps))  % fps;

	x.start = SYSEX_START;
	x.type = SYSEX_TYPE_RT;
	x.dev = SYSEX_DEV_ANY;
	x.id0 = SYSEX_MTC;
	x.id1 = SYSEX_MTC_FULL;
	x.u.full.hr = d->mtc.hr | (d->mtc.fps_id << 5);
	x.u.full.min = d->mtc.min;
	x.u.full.sec = d->mtc.sec;
	x.u.full.fr = d->mtc.fr;
	x.u.full.end = SYSEX_END;
	d->mtc.qfr = 0;
	midi_send(d->midi, (unsigned char *)&x, SYSEX_SIZE(full));
}

/*
 * send a volume change MIDI message
 */
void
dev_midi_vol(struct dev *d, struct slot *s)
{
	unsigned char msg[3];

	msg[0] = MIDI_CTL | (s - slot_array);
	msg[1] = MIDI_CTL_VOL;
	msg[2] = s->vol;
	midi_send(d->midi, msg, 3);
}

/*
 * send a master volume MIDI message
 */
void
dev_midi_master(struct dev *d)
{
	struct ctl *c;
	unsigned int master, v;
	struct sysex x;

	if (d->master_enabled)
		master = d->master;
	else {
		master = 0;
		for (c = d->ctl_list; c != NULL; c = c->next) {
			if (c->type != CTL_NUM ||
			    strcmp(c->group, "") != 0 ||
			    strcmp(c->node0.name, "output") != 0 ||
			    strcmp(c->func, "level") != 0)
				continue;
			v = (c->curval * 127 + c->maxval / 2) / c->maxval;
			if (master < v)
				master = v;
		}
	}

	memset(&x, 0, sizeof(struct sysex));
	x.start = SYSEX_START;
	x.type = SYSEX_TYPE_RT;
	x.dev = SYSEX_DEV_ANY;
	x.id0 = SYSEX_CONTROL;
	x.id1 = SYSEX_MASTER;
	x.u.master.fine = 0;
	x.u.master.coarse = master;
	x.u.master.end = SYSEX_END;
	midi_send(d->midi, (unsigned char *)&x, SYSEX_SIZE(master));
}

/*
 * send a sndiod-specific slot description MIDI message
 */
void
dev_midi_slotdesc(struct dev *d, struct slot *s)
{
	struct sysex x;

	memset(&x, 0, sizeof(struct sysex));
	x.start = SYSEX_START;
	x.type = SYSEX_TYPE_EDU;
	x.dev = SYSEX_DEV_ANY;
	x.id0 = SYSEX_AUCAT;
	x.id1 = SYSEX_AUCAT_SLOTDESC;
	if (s->opt != NULL && s->opt->dev == d)
		slot_ctlname(s, (char *)x.u.slotdesc.name, SYSEX_NAMELEN);
	x.u.slotdesc.chan = (s - slot_array);
	x.u.slotdesc.end = SYSEX_END;
	midi_send(d->midi, (unsigned char *)&x, SYSEX_SIZE(slotdesc));
}

void
dev_midi_dump(struct dev *d)
{
	struct sysex x;
	struct slot *s;
	int i;

	dev_midi_master(d);
	for (i = 0, s = slot_array; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++, s++) {
		if (s->opt != NULL && s->opt->dev != d)
			continue;
		dev_midi_slotdesc(d, s);
		dev_midi_vol(d, s);
	}
	x.start = SYSEX_START;
	x.type = SYSEX_TYPE_EDU;
	x.dev = SYSEX_DEV_ANY;
	x.id0 = SYSEX_AUCAT;
	x.id1 = SYSEX_AUCAT_DUMPEND;
	x.u.dumpend.end = SYSEX_END;
	midi_send(d->midi, (unsigned char *)&x, SYSEX_SIZE(dumpend));
}

void
dev_midi_imsg(void *arg, unsigned char *msg, int len)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
	struct dev *d = arg;

	dev_log(d);
	log_puts(": can't receive midi messages\n");
	panic();
#endif
}

void
dev_midi_omsg(void *arg, unsigned char *msg, int len)
{
	struct dev *d = arg;
	struct sysex *x;
	unsigned int fps, chan;

	if ((msg[0] & MIDI_CMDMASK) == MIDI_CTL && msg[1] == MIDI_CTL_VOL) {
		chan = msg[0] & MIDI_CHANMASK;
		if (chan >= DEV_NSLOT)
			return;
		if (slot_array[chan].opt == NULL ||
		    slot_array[chan].opt->dev != d)
			return;
		slot_setvol(slot_array + chan, msg[2]);
		dev_onval(d, CTLADDR_SLOT_LEVEL(chan), msg[2]);
		return;
	}
	x = (struct sysex *)msg;
	if (x->start != SYSEX_START)
		return;
	if (len < SYSEX_SIZE(empty))
		return;
	switch (x->type) {
	case SYSEX_TYPE_RT:
		if (x->id0 == SYSEX_CONTROL && x->id1 == SYSEX_MASTER) {
			if (len == SYSEX_SIZE(master)) {
				dev_master(d, x->u.master.coarse);
				if (d->master_enabled) {
					dev_onval(d, CTLADDR_MASTER,
					   x->u.master.coarse);
				}
			}
			return;
		}
		if (x->id0 != SYSEX_MMC)
			return;
		switch (x->id1) {
		case SYSEX_MMC_STOP:
			if (len != SYSEX_SIZE(stop))
				return;
			if (log_level >= 2) {
				dev_log(d);
				log_puts(": mmc stop\n");
			}
			dev_mmcstop(d);
			break;
		case SYSEX_MMC_START:
			if (len != SYSEX_SIZE(start))
				return;
			if (log_level >= 2) {
				dev_log(d);
				log_puts(": mmc start\n");
			}
			dev_mmcstart(d);
			break;
		case SYSEX_MMC_LOC:
			if (len != SYSEX_SIZE(loc) ||
			    x->u.loc.len != SYSEX_MMC_LOC_LEN ||
			    x->u.loc.cmd != SYSEX_MMC_LOC_CMD)
				return;
			switch (x->u.loc.hr >> 5) {
			case MTC_FPS_24:
				fps = 24;
				break;
			case MTC_FPS_25:
				fps = 25;
				break;
			case MTC_FPS_30:
				fps = 30;
				break;
			default:
				dev_mmcstop(d);
				return;
			}
			dev_mmcloc(d,
			    (x->u.loc.hr & 0x1f) * 3600 * MTC_SEC +
			     x->u.loc.min * 60 * MTC_SEC +
			     x->u.loc.sec * MTC_SEC +
			     x->u.loc.fr * (MTC_SEC / fps));
			break;
		}
		break;
	case SYSEX_TYPE_EDU:
		if (x->id0 != SYSEX_AUCAT || x->id1 != SYSEX_AUCAT_DUMPREQ)
			return;
		if (len != SYSEX_SIZE(dumpreq))
			return;
		dev_midi_dump(d);
		break;
	}
}

void
dev_midi_fill(void *arg, int count)
{
	/* nothing to do */
}

void
dev_midi_exit(void *arg)
{
	struct dev *d = arg;

	if (log_level >= 1) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": midi end point died\n");
	}
	if (d->pstate != DEV_CFG)
		dev_close(d);
}

int
slot_skip(struct slot *s)
{
	unsigned char *data = (unsigned char *)0xdeadbeef; /* please gcc */
	int max, count;

	max = s->skip;
	while (s->skip > 0) {
		if (s->pstate != SLOT_STOP && (s->mode & MODE_RECMASK)) {
			data = abuf_wgetblk(&s->sub.buf, &count);
			if (count < s->round * s->sub.bpf)
				break;
		}
		if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
			if (s->mix.buf.used < s->round * s->mix.bpf)
				break;
		}
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (log_level >= 4) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": skipped a cycle\n");
		}
#endif
		if (s->pstate != SLOT_STOP && (s->mode & MODE_RECMASK)) {
			if (s->sub.encbuf)
				enc_sil_do(&s->sub.enc, data, s->round);
			else
				memset(data, 0, s->round * s->sub.bpf);
			abuf_wcommit(&s->sub.buf, s->round * s->sub.bpf);
		}
		if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
			abuf_rdiscard(&s->mix.buf, s->round * s->mix.bpf);
		}
		s->skip--;
	}
	return max - s->skip;
}

/*
 * Mix the slot input block over the output block
 */
void
dev_mix_badd(struct dev *d, struct slot *s)
{
	adata_t *idata, *odata, *in;
	int icount, i, offs, vol, nch;

	odata = DEV_PBUF(d);
	idata = (adata_t *)abuf_rgetblk(&s->mix.buf, &icount);
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (icount < s->round * s->mix.bpf) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": not enough data to mix (");
		log_putu(icount);
		log_puts("bytes)\n");
		panic();
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * Apply the following processing chain:
	 *
	 *	dec -> resamp-> cmap
	 *
	 * where the first two are optional.
	 */

	in = idata;

	if (s->mix.decbuf) {
		dec_do(&s->mix.dec, (void *)in, s->mix.decbuf, s->round);
		in = s->mix.decbuf;
	}

	if (s->mix.resampbuf) {
		resamp_do(&s->mix.resamp, in, s->mix.resampbuf, s->round);
		in = s->mix.resampbuf;
	}

	nch = s->mix.cmap.nch;
	vol = ADATA_MUL(s->mix.weight, s->mix.vol) / s->mix.join;
	cmap_add(&s->mix.cmap, in, odata, vol, d->round);

	offs = 0;
	for (i = s->mix.join - 1; i > 0; i--) {
		offs += nch;
		cmap_add(&s->mix.cmap, in + offs, odata, vol, d->round);
	}

	offs = 0;
	for (i = s->mix.expand - 1; i > 0; i--) {
		offs += nch;
		cmap_add(&s->mix.cmap, in, odata + offs, vol, d->round);
	}

	abuf_rdiscard(&s->mix.buf, s->round * s->mix.bpf);
}

/*
 * Normalize input levels.
 */
void
dev_mix_adjvol(struct dev *d)
{
	unsigned int n;
	struct slot *i, *j;
	int jcmax, icmax, weight;

	for (i = d->slot_list; i != NULL; i = i->next) {
		if (!(i->mode & MODE_PLAY))
			continue;
		icmax = i->opt->pmin + i->mix.nch - 1;
		weight = ADATA_UNIT;
		if (d->autovol) {
			/*
			 * count the number of inputs that have
			 * overlapping channel sets
			 */
			n = 0;
			for (j = d->slot_list; j != NULL; j = j->next) {
				if (!(j->mode & MODE_PLAY))
					continue;
				jcmax = j->opt->pmin + j->mix.nch - 1;
				if (i->opt->pmin <= jcmax &&
				    icmax >= j->opt->pmin)
					n++;
			}
			weight /= n;
		}
		if (weight > i->opt->maxweight)
			weight = i->opt->maxweight;
		i->mix.weight = d->master_enabled ?
		    ADATA_MUL(weight, MIDI_TO_ADATA(d->master)) : weight;
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			slot_log(i);
			log_puts(": set weight: ");
			log_puti(i->mix.weight);
			log_puts("/");
			log_puti(i->opt->maxweight);
			log_puts("\n");
		}
#endif
	}
}

/*
 * Copy data from slot to device
 */
void
dev_sub_bcopy(struct dev *d, struct slot *s)
{
	adata_t *idata, *enc_out, *resamp_out, *cmap_out;
	void *odata;
	int ocount, moffs;

	int i, vol, offs, nch;


	if (s->mode & MODE_MON) {
		moffs = d->poffs + d->round;
		if (moffs == d->psize)
			moffs = 0;
		idata = d->pbuf + moffs * d->pchan;
	} else
		idata = d->rbuf;
	odata = (adata_t *)abuf_wgetblk(&s->sub.buf, &ocount);
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (ocount < s->round * s->sub.bpf) {
		log_puts("dev_sub_bcopy: not enough space\n");
		panic();
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * Apply the following processing chain:
	 *
	 *	cmap -> resamp -> enc
	 *
	 * where the last two are optional.
	 */

	enc_out = odata;
	resamp_out = s->sub.encbuf ? s->sub.encbuf : enc_out;
	cmap_out = s->sub.resampbuf ? s->sub.resampbuf : resamp_out;

	nch = s->sub.cmap.nch;
	vol = ADATA_UNIT / s->sub.join;
	cmap_copy(&s->sub.cmap, idata, cmap_out, vol, d->round);

	offs = 0;
	for (i = s->sub.join - 1; i > 0; i--) {
		offs += nch;
		cmap_add(&s->sub.cmap, idata + offs, cmap_out, vol, d->round);
	}

	offs = 0;
	for (i = s->sub.expand - 1; i > 0; i--) {
		offs += nch;
		cmap_copy(&s->sub.cmap, idata, cmap_out + offs, vol, d->round);
	}

	if (s->sub.resampbuf) {
		resamp_do(&s->sub.resamp,
		    s->sub.resampbuf, resamp_out, d->round);
	}

	if (s->sub.encbuf)
		enc_do(&s->sub.enc, s->sub.encbuf, (void *)enc_out, s->round);

	abuf_wcommit(&s->sub.buf, s->round * s->sub.bpf);
}

/*
 * run a one block cycle: consume one recorded block from
 * rbuf and produce one play block in pbuf
 */
void
dev_cycle(struct dev *d)
{
	struct slot *s, **ps;
	unsigned char *base;
	int nsamp;

	/*
	 * check if the device is actually used. If it isn't,
	 * then close it
	 */
	if (d->slot_list == NULL && d->tstate != MMC_RUN) {
		if (log_level >= 2) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": device stopped\n");
		}
		dev_sio_stop(d);
		d->pstate = DEV_INIT;
		if (d->refcnt == 0)
			dev_close(d);
		return;
	}

	if (d->prime > 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (log_level >= 4) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": empty cycle, prime = ");
			log_putu(d->prime);
			log_puts("\n");
		}
#endif
		base = (unsigned char *)DEV_PBUF(d);
		nsamp = d->round * d->pchan;
		memset(base, 0, nsamp * sizeof(adata_t));
		if (d->encbuf) {
			enc_do(&d->enc, (unsigned char *)DEV_PBUF(d),
			    d->encbuf, d->round);
		}
		d->prime -= d->round;
		return;
	}

	d->delta -= d->round;
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 4) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": full cycle: delta = ");
		log_puti(d->delta);
		if (d->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
			log_puts(", poffs = ");
			log_puti(d->poffs);
		}
		log_puts("\n");
	}
#endif
	if (d->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
		base = (unsigned char *)DEV_PBUF(d);
		nsamp = d->round * d->pchan;
		memset(base, 0, nsamp * sizeof(adata_t));
	}
	if ((d->mode & MODE_REC) && d->decbuf)
		dec_do(&d->dec, d->decbuf, (unsigned char *)d->rbuf, d->round);
	ps = &d->slot_list;
	while ((s = *ps) != NULL) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (log_level >= 4) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": running");
			log_puts(", skip = ");
			log_puti(s->skip);
			log_puts("\n");
		}
#endif
		/*
		 * skip cycles for XRUN_SYNC correction
		 */
		slot_skip(s);
		if (s->skip < 0) {
			s->skip++;
			ps = &s->next;
			continue;
		}

#ifdef DEBUG
		if (s->pstate == SLOT_STOP && !(s->mode & MODE_PLAY)) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": rec-only slots can't be drained\n");
			panic();
		}
#endif
		/*
		 * check if stopped stream finished draining
		 */
		if (s->pstate == SLOT_STOP &&
		    s->mix.buf.used < s->round * s->mix.bpf) {
			/*
			 * partial blocks are zero-filled by socket
			 * layer, so s->mix.buf.used == 0 and we can
			 * destroy the buffer
			 */
			*ps = s->next;
			s->pstate = SLOT_INIT;
			s->ops->eof(s->arg);
			slot_freebufs(s);
			dev_mix_adjvol(d);
#ifdef DEBUG
			if (log_level >= 3) {
				slot_log(s);
				log_puts(": drained\n");
			}
#endif
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * check for xruns
		 */
		if (((s->mode & MODE_PLAY) &&
			s->mix.buf.used < s->round * s->mix.bpf) ||
		    ((s->mode & MODE_RECMASK) &&
			s->sub.buf.len - s->sub.buf.used <
			s->round * s->sub.bpf)) {

#ifdef DEBUG
			if (log_level >= 3) {
				slot_log(s);
				log_puts(": xrun, pause cycle\n");
			}
#endif
			if (s->xrun == XRUN_IGNORE) {
				s->delta -= s->round;
				ps = &s->next;
			} else if (s->xrun == XRUN_SYNC) {
				s->skip++;
				ps = &s->next;
			} else if (s->xrun == XRUN_ERROR) {
				s->ops->exit(s->arg);
				*ps = s->next;
			} else {
#ifdef DEBUG
				slot_log(s);
				log_puts(": bad xrun mode\n");
				panic();
#endif
			}
			continue;
		}
		if ((s->mode & MODE_RECMASK) && !(s->pstate == SLOT_STOP)) {
			if (s->sub.prime == 0) {
				dev_sub_bcopy(d, s);
				s->ops->flush(s->arg);
			} else {
#ifdef DEBUG
				if (log_level >= 3) {
					slot_log(s);
					log_puts(": prime = ");
					log_puti(s->sub.prime);
					log_puts("\n");
				}
#endif
				s->sub.prime--;
			}
		}
		if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
			dev_mix_badd(d, s);
			if (s->pstate != SLOT_STOP)
				s->ops->fill(s->arg);
		}
		ps = &s->next;
	}
	if ((d->mode & MODE_PLAY) && d->encbuf) {
		enc_do(&d->enc, (unsigned char *)DEV_PBUF(d),
		    d->encbuf, d->round);
	}
}

/*
 * called at every clock tick by the device
 */
void
dev_onmove(struct dev *d, int delta)
{
	long long pos;
	struct slot *s, *snext;

	d->delta += delta;

	for (s = d->slot_list; s != NULL; s = snext) {
		/*
		 * s->ops->onmove() may remove the slot
		 */
		snext = s->next;
		pos = s->delta_rem +
		    (long long)s->delta * d->round +
		    (long long)delta * s->round;
		s->delta = pos / (int)d->round;
		s->delta_rem = pos % d->round;
		if (s->delta_rem < 0) {
			s->delta_rem += d->round;
			s->delta--;
		}
		if (s->delta >= 0)
			s->ops->onmove(s->arg);
	}
	if (d->tstate == MMC_RUN)
		dev_midi_qfr(d, delta);
}

void
dev_master(struct dev *d, unsigned int master)
{
	struct ctl *c;
	unsigned int v;

	if (log_level >= 2) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": master volume set to ");
		log_putu(master);
		log_puts("\n");
	}
	if (d->master_enabled) {
		d->master = master;
		if (d->mode & MODE_PLAY)
			dev_mix_adjvol(d);
	} else {
		for (c = d->ctl_list; c != NULL; c = c->next) {
			if (c->type != CTL_NUM ||
			    strcmp(c->group, "") != 0 ||
			    strcmp(c->node0.name, "output") != 0 ||
			    strcmp(c->func, "level") != 0)
				continue;
			v = (master * c->maxval + 64) / 127;
			dev_setctl(d, c->addr, v);
		}
	}
}

/*
 * return the latency that a stream would have if it's attached
 */
int
dev_getpos(struct dev *d)
{
	return (d->mode & MODE_PLAY) ? -d->bufsz : 0;
}

/*
 * Create a sndio device
 */
struct dev *
dev_new(char *path, struct aparams *par,
    unsigned int mode, unsigned int bufsz, unsigned int round,
    unsigned int rate, unsigned int hold, unsigned int autovol)
{
	struct dev *d;

	if (dev_sndnum == DEV_NMAX) {
		if (log_level >= 1)
			log_puts("too many devices\n");
		return NULL;
	}
	d = xmalloc(sizeof(struct dev));
	d->alt_list = NULL;
	dev_addname(d,path);
	d->num = dev_sndnum++;
	d->alt_num = -1;

	/*
	 * XXX: below, we allocate a midi input buffer, since we don't
	 *	receive raw midi data, so no need to allocate a input
	 *	ibuf.  Possibly set imsg & fill callbacks to NULL and
	 *	use this to in midi_new() to check if buffers need to be
	 *	allocated
	 */
	d->midi = midi_new(&dev_midiops, d, MODE_MIDIIN | MODE_MIDIOUT);
	midi_tag(d->midi, d->num);
	d->reqpar = *par;
	d->reqmode = mode;
	d->reqpchan = d->reqrchan = 0;
	d->reqbufsz = bufsz;
	d->reqround = round;
	d->reqrate = rate;
	d->hold = hold;
	d->autovol = autovol;
	d->refcnt = 0;
	d->pstate = DEV_CFG;
	d->slot_list = NULL;
	d->master = MIDI_MAXCTL;
	d->mtc.origin = 0;
	d->tstate = MMC_STOP;
	d->ctl_list = NULL;
	d->next = dev_list;
	dev_list = d;
	return d;
}

/*
 * add a alternate name
 */
int
dev_addname(struct dev *d, char *name)
{
	struct dev_alt *a;

	if (d->alt_list != NULL && d->alt_list->idx == DEV_NMAX - 1) {
		log_puts(name);
		log_puts(": too many alternate names\n");
		return 0;
	}
	a = xmalloc(sizeof(struct dev_alt));
	a->name = name;
	a->idx = (d->alt_list == NULL) ? 0 : d->alt_list->idx + 1;
	a->next = d->alt_list;
	d->alt_list = a;
	return 1;
}

/*
 * set prefered alt device name
 */
void
dev_setalt(struct dev *d, unsigned int idx)
{
	struct dev_alt **pa, *a;

	/* find alt with given index */
	for (pa = &d->alt_list; (a = *pa)->idx != idx; pa = &a->next)
		;

	/* detach from list */
	*pa = a->next;

	/* attach at head */
	a->next = d->alt_list;
	d->alt_list = a;

	/* reopen device with the new alt */
	if (idx != d->alt_num)
		dev_reopen(d);
}

/*
 * adjust device parameters and mode
 */
void
dev_adjpar(struct dev *d, int mode,
    int pmax, int rmax)
{
	d->reqmode |= mode & MODE_AUDIOMASK;
	if (mode & MODE_PLAY) {
		if (d->reqpchan < pmax + 1)
			d->reqpchan = pmax + 1;
	}
	if (mode & MODE_REC) {
		if (d->reqrchan < rmax + 1)
			d->reqrchan = rmax + 1;
	}
}

/*
 * Open the device with the dev_reqxxx capabilities. Setup a mixer, demuxer,
 * monitor, midi control, and any necessary conversions.
 *
 * Note that record and play buffers are always allocated, even if the
 * underlying device doesn't support both modes.
 */
int
dev_allocbufs(struct dev *d)
{
	/*
	 * Create record buffer.
	 */

	 /* Create device <-> demuxer buffer */
	d->rbuf = xmalloc(d->round * d->rchan * sizeof(adata_t));

	/* Insert a converter, if needed. */
	if (!aparams_native(&d->par)) {
		dec_init(&d->dec, &d->par, d->rchan);
		d->decbuf = xmalloc(d->round * d->rchan * d->par.bps);
	} else
		d->decbuf = NULL;

	/*
	 * Create play buffer
	 */

	/* Create device <-> mixer buffer */
	d->poffs = 0;
	d->psize = d->bufsz + d->round;
	d->pbuf = xmalloc(d->psize * d->pchan * sizeof(adata_t));
	d->mode |= MODE_MON;

	/* Append a converter, if needed. */
	if (!aparams_native(&d->par)) {
		enc_init(&d->enc, &d->par, d->pchan);
		d->encbuf = xmalloc(d->round * d->pchan * d->par.bps);
	} else
		d->encbuf = NULL;

	/*
	 * Initially fill the record buffer with zeroed samples. This ensures
	 * that when a client records from a play-only device the client just
	 * gets silence.
	 */
	memset(d->rbuf, 0, d->round * d->rchan * sizeof(adata_t));

	if (log_level >= 2) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": ");
		log_putu(d->rate);
		log_puts("Hz, ");
		aparams_log(&d->par);
		if (d->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
			log_puts(", play 0:");
			log_puti(d->pchan - 1);
		}
		if (d->mode & MODE_REC) {
			log_puts(", rec 0:");
			log_puti(d->rchan - 1);
		}
		log_puts(", ");
		log_putu(d->bufsz / d->round);
		log_puts(" blocks of ");
		log_putu(d->round);
		log_puts(" frames\n");
	}
	return 1;
}

/*
 * Reset parameters and open the device.
 */
int
dev_open(struct dev *d)
{
	int i;
	char name[CTL_NAMEMAX];
	struct dev_alt *a;
	struct slot *s;

	d->master_enabled = 0;
	d->mode = d->reqmode;
	d->round = d->reqround;
	d->bufsz = d->reqbufsz;
	d->rate = d->reqrate;
	d->pchan = d->reqpchan;
	d->rchan = d->reqrchan;
	d->par = d->reqpar;
	if (d->pchan == 0)
		d->pchan = 2;
	if (d->rchan == 0)
		d->rchan = 2;
	if (!dev_sio_open(d)) {
		if (log_level >= 1) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": failed to open audio device\n");
		}
		return 0;
	}
	if (!dev_allocbufs(d))
		return 0;

	for (i = 0, s = slot_array; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++, s++) {
		if (s->opt == NULL || s->opt->dev != d || s->name[0] == 0)
			continue;
		slot_ctlname(s, name, CTL_NAMEMAX);
		dev_addctl(d, "app", CTL_NUM,
		    CTLADDR_SLOT_LEVEL(i),
		    name, -1, "level",
		    NULL, -1, 127, s->vol);
	}

	/* if there are multiple alt devs, add server.device knob */
	if (d->alt_list->next != NULL) {
		for (a = d->alt_list; a != NULL; a = a->next) {
			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%d", a->idx);
			dev_addctl(d, "", CTL_SEL,
			    CTLADDR_ALT_SEL + a->idx,
			    "server", -1, "device",
			    name, -1, 1, a->idx == d->alt_num);
		}
	}

	d->pstate = DEV_INIT;
	return 1;
}

/*
 * Force all slots to exit and close device, called after an error
 */
void
dev_abort(struct dev *d)
{
	int i;
	struct slot *s;
	struct ctlslot *c;

	for (i = 0, s = slot_array; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++, s++) {
		if (s->opt == NULL || s->opt->dev != d)
			continue;
		if (s->ops) {
			s->ops->exit(s->arg);
			s->ops = NULL;
		}
	}
	d->slot_list = NULL;

	for (c = ctlslot_array, i = DEV_NCTLSLOT; i > 0; i--, c++) {
		if (c->ops == NULL)
			continue;
		if (c->opt->dev != d)
			continue;
		c->ops->exit(c->arg);
		c->ops = NULL;
	}

	midi_abort(d->midi);

	if (d->pstate != DEV_CFG)
		dev_close(d);
}

/*
 * force the device to go in DEV_CFG state, the caller is supposed to
 * ensure buffers are drained
 */
void
dev_freebufs(struct dev *d)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": closing\n");
	}
#endif
	if (d->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
		if (d->encbuf != NULL)
			xfree(d->encbuf);
		xfree(d->pbuf);
	}
	if (d->mode & MODE_REC) {
		if (d->decbuf != NULL)
			xfree(d->decbuf);
		xfree(d->rbuf);
	}
}

/*
 * Close the device and exit all slots
 */
void
dev_close(struct dev *d)
{
	struct ctl *c;

	d->pstate = DEV_CFG;
	dev_sio_close(d);
	dev_freebufs(d);

	/* there are no clients, just free remaining local controls */
	while ((c = d->ctl_list) != NULL) {
		d->ctl_list = c->next;
		xfree(c);
	}
}

/*
 * Close the device, but attempt to migrate everything to a new sndio
 * device.
 */
int
dev_reopen(struct dev *d)
{
	struct slot *s;
	long long pos;
	unsigned int pstate;
	int delta;

	/* not opened */
	if (d->pstate == DEV_CFG)
		return 1;

	/* save state */
	delta = d->delta;
	pstate = d->pstate;

	if (!dev_sio_reopen(d))
		return 0;

	/* reopen returns a stopped device */
	d->pstate = DEV_INIT;

	/* reallocate new buffers, with new parameters */
	dev_freebufs(d);
	dev_allocbufs(d);

	/*
	 * adjust time positions, make anything go back delta ticks, so
	 * that the new device can start at zero
	 */
	for (s = d->slot_list; s != NULL; s = s->next) {
		pos = (long long)s->delta * d->round + s->delta_rem;
		pos -= (long long)delta * s->round;
		s->delta_rem = pos % (int)d->round;
		s->delta = pos / (int)d->round;
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": adjusted: delta -> ");
			log_puti(s->delta);
			log_puts(", delta_rem -> ");
			log_puti(s->delta_rem);
			log_puts("\n");
		}

		/* reinitilize the format conversion chain */
		slot_initconv(s);
	}
	if (d->tstate == MMC_RUN) {
		d->mtc.delta -= delta * MTC_SEC;
		if (log_level >= 2) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": adjusted mtc: delta ->");
			log_puti(d->mtc.delta);
			log_puts("\n");
		}
	}

	/* remove old controls and add new ones */
	dev_sioctl_close(d);
	dev_sioctl_open(d);

	/* start the device if needed */
	if (pstate == DEV_RUN)
		dev_wakeup(d);

	return 1;
}

int
dev_ref(struct dev *d)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": device requested\n");
	}
#endif
	if (d->pstate == DEV_CFG && !dev_open(d))
		return 0;
	d->refcnt++;
	return 1;
}

void
dev_unref(struct dev *d)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": device released\n");
	}
#endif
	d->refcnt--;
	if (d->refcnt == 0 && d->pstate == DEV_INIT)
		dev_close(d);
}

/*
 * initialize the device with the current parameters
 */
int
dev_init(struct dev *d)
{
	if ((d->reqmode & MODE_AUDIOMASK) == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		    dev_log(d);
		    log_puts(": has no streams\n");
#endif
		    return 0;
	}
	if (d->hold && !dev_ref(d))
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

/*
 * Unless the device is already in process of closing, request it to close
 */
void
dev_done(struct dev *d)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": draining\n");
	}
#endif
	if (d->tstate != MMC_STOP)
		dev_mmcstop(d);
	if (d->hold)
		dev_unref(d);
}

struct dev *
dev_bynum(int num)
{
	struct dev *d;

	for (d = dev_list; d != NULL; d = d->next) {
		if (d->num == num)
			return d;
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Free the device
 */
void
dev_del(struct dev *d)
{
	struct dev **p;
	struct dev_alt *a;

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": deleting\n");
	}
#endif
	if (d->pstate != DEV_CFG)
		dev_close(d);
	for (p = &dev_list; *p != d; p = &(*p)->next) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (*p == NULL) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": device to delete not on the list\n");
			panic();
		}
#endif
	}
	midi_del(d->midi);
	*p = d->next;
	while ((a = d->alt_list) != NULL) {
		d->alt_list = a->next;
		xfree(a);
	}
	xfree(d);
}

unsigned int
dev_roundof(struct dev *d, unsigned int newrate)
{
	return (d->round * newrate + d->rate / 2) / d->rate;
}

/*
 * If the device is paused, then resume it.
 */
void
dev_wakeup(struct dev *d)
{
	if (d->pstate == DEV_INIT) {
		if (log_level >= 2) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": device started\n");
		}
		if (d->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
			d->prime = d->bufsz;
		} else {
			d->prime = 0;
		}
		d->poffs = 0;

		/*
		 * empty cycles don't increment delta, so it's ok to
		 * start at 0
		 **/
		d->delta = 0;

		d->pstate = DEV_RUN;
		dev_sio_start(d);
	}
}

/*
 * check that all clients controlled by MMC are ready to start, if so,
 * attach them all at the same position
 */
void
dev_sync_attach(struct dev *d)
{
	int i;
	struct slot *s;

	if (d->tstate != MMC_START) {
		if (log_level >= 2) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": not started by mmc yet, waiting...\n");
		}
		return;
	}

	for (i = 0, s = slot_array; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++, s++) {
		if (s->opt == NULL || s->opt->dev != d || !s->ops || !s->opt->mmc)
			continue;
		if (s->pstate != SLOT_READY) {
#ifdef DEBUG
			if (log_level >= 3) {
				slot_log(s);
				log_puts(": not ready, start delayed\n");
			}
#endif
			return;
		}
	}
	if (!dev_ref(d))
		return;

	for (i = 0, s = slot_array; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++, s++) {
		if (s->opt == NULL || s->opt->dev != d || !s->ops || !s->opt->mmc)
			continue;
		slot_attach(s);
		s->pstate = SLOT_RUN;
	}
	d->tstate = MMC_RUN;
	dev_midi_full(d);
	dev_wakeup(d);
}

/*
 * start all slots simultaneously
 */
void
dev_mmcstart(struct dev *d)
{
	if (d->tstate == MMC_STOP) {
		d->tstate = MMC_START;
		dev_sync_attach(d);
#ifdef DEBUG
	} else {
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": ignoring mmc start\n");
		}
#endif
	}
}

/*
 * stop all slots simultaneously
 */
void
dev_mmcstop(struct dev *d)
{
	switch (d->tstate) {
	case MMC_START:
		d->tstate = MMC_STOP;
		return;
	case MMC_RUN:
		d->tstate = MMC_STOP;
		dev_unref(d);
		break;
	default:
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": ignored mmc stop\n");
		}
#endif
		return;
	}
}

/*
 * relocate all slots simultaneously
 */
void
dev_mmcloc(struct dev *d, unsigned int origin)
{
	if (log_level >= 2) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": relocated to ");
		log_putu(origin);
		log_puts("\n");
	}
	if (d->tstate == MMC_RUN)
		dev_mmcstop(d);
	d->mtc.origin = origin;
	if (d->tstate == MMC_RUN)
		dev_mmcstart(d);
}

/*
 * allocate buffers & conversion chain
 */
void
slot_initconv(struct slot *s)
{
	unsigned int dev_nch;
	struct dev *d = s->opt->dev;

	if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
		cmap_init(&s->mix.cmap,
		    s->opt->pmin, s->opt->pmin + s->mix.nch - 1,
		    s->opt->pmin, s->opt->pmin + s->mix.nch - 1,
		    0, d->pchan - 1,
		    s->opt->pmin, s->opt->pmax);
		if (!aparams_native(&s->par)) {
			dec_init(&s->mix.dec, &s->par, s->mix.nch);
		}
		if (s->rate != d->rate) {
			resamp_init(&s->mix.resamp, s->round, d->round,
			    s->mix.nch);
		}
		s->mix.join = 1;
		s->mix.expand = 1;
		if (s->opt->dup && s->mix.cmap.nch > 0) {
			dev_nch = d->pchan < (s->opt->pmax + 1) ?
			    d->pchan - s->opt->pmin :
			    s->opt->pmax - s->opt->pmin + 1;
			if (dev_nch > s->mix.nch)
				s->mix.expand = dev_nch / s->mix.nch;
			else if (s->mix.nch > dev_nch)
				s->mix.join = s->mix.nch / dev_nch;
		}
	}

	if (s->mode & MODE_RECMASK) {
		unsigned int outchan = (s->mode & MODE_MON) ?
		    d->pchan : d->rchan;

		cmap_init(&s->sub.cmap,
		    0, outchan - 1,
		    s->opt->rmin, s->opt->rmax,
		    s->opt->rmin, s->opt->rmin + s->sub.nch - 1,
		    s->opt->rmin, s->opt->rmin + s->sub.nch - 1);
		if (s->rate != d->rate) {
			resamp_init(&s->sub.resamp, d->round, s->round,
			    s->sub.nch);
		}
		if (!aparams_native(&s->par)) {
			enc_init(&s->sub.enc, &s->par, s->sub.nch);
		}
		s->sub.join = 1;
		s->sub.expand = 1;
		if (s->opt->dup && s->sub.cmap.nch > 0) {
			dev_nch = outchan < (s->opt->rmax + 1) ?
			    outchan - s->opt->rmin :
			    s->opt->rmax - s->opt->rmin + 1;
			if (dev_nch > s->sub.nch)
				s->sub.join = dev_nch / s->sub.nch;
			else if (s->sub.nch > dev_nch)
				s->sub.expand = s->sub.nch / dev_nch;
		}

		/*
		 * cmap_copy() doesn't write samples in all channels,
	         * for instance when mono->stereo conversion is
	         * disabled. So we have to prefill cmap_copy() output
	         * with silence.
	         */
		if (s->sub.resampbuf) {
			memset(s->sub.resampbuf, 0,
			    d->round * s->sub.nch * sizeof(adata_t));
		} else if (s->sub.encbuf) {
			memset(s->sub.encbuf, 0,
			    s->round * s->sub.nch * sizeof(adata_t));
		} else {
			memset(s->sub.buf.data, 0,
			    s->appbufsz * s->sub.nch * sizeof(adata_t));
		}
	}
}

/*
 * allocate buffers & conversion chain
 */
void
slot_allocbufs(struct slot *s)
{
	struct dev *d = s->opt->dev;

	if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
		s->mix.bpf = s->par.bps * s->mix.nch;
		abuf_init(&s->mix.buf, s->appbufsz * s->mix.bpf);

		s->mix.decbuf = NULL;
		s->mix.resampbuf = NULL;
		if (!aparams_native(&s->par)) {
			s->mix.decbuf =
			    xmalloc(s->round * s->mix.nch * sizeof(adata_t));
		}
		if (s->rate != d->rate) {
			s->mix.resampbuf =
			    xmalloc(d->round * s->mix.nch * sizeof(adata_t));
		}
	}

	if (s->mode & MODE_RECMASK) {
		s->sub.bpf = s->par.bps * s->sub.nch;
		abuf_init(&s->sub.buf, s->appbufsz * s->sub.bpf);

		s->sub.encbuf = NULL;
		s->sub.resampbuf = NULL;
		if (s->rate != d->rate) {
			s->sub.resampbuf =
			    xmalloc(d->round * s->sub.nch * sizeof(adata_t));
		}
		if (!aparams_native(&s->par)) {
			s->sub.encbuf =
			    xmalloc(s->round * s->sub.nch * sizeof(adata_t));
		}
	}

	slot_initconv(s);

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": allocated ");
		log_putu(s->appbufsz);
		log_puts("/");
		log_putu(SLOT_BUFSZ(s));
		log_puts(" fr buffers\n");
	}
#endif
}

/*
 * free buffers & conversion chain
 */
void
slot_freebufs(struct slot *s)
{
	if (s->mode & MODE_RECMASK) {
		abuf_done(&s->sub.buf);
		if (s->sub.encbuf)
			xfree(s->sub.encbuf);
		if (s->sub.resampbuf)
			xfree(s->sub.resampbuf);
	}

	if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
		abuf_done(&s->mix.buf);
		if (s->mix.decbuf)
			xfree(s->mix.decbuf);
		if (s->mix.resampbuf)
			xfree(s->mix.resampbuf);
	}
}

/*
 * allocate a new slot and register the given call-backs
 */
struct slot *
slot_new(struct opt *opt, unsigned int id, char *who,
    struct slotops *ops, void *arg, int mode)
{
	char *p;
	char name[SLOT_NAMEMAX];
	unsigned int i, ser, bestser, bestidx;
	struct slot *unit[DEV_NSLOT];
	struct slot *s;

	/*
	 * create a ``valid'' control name (lowcase, remove [^a-z], truncate)
	 */
	for (i = 0, p = who; ; p++) {
		if (i == SLOT_NAMEMAX - 1 || *p == '\0') {
			name[i] = '\0';
			break;
		} else if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') {
			name[i++] = *p + 'a' - 'A';
		} else if (*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z')
			name[i++] = *p;
	}
	if (i == 0)
		strlcpy(name, "noname", SLOT_NAMEMAX);

	/*
	 * build a unit-to-slot map for this name
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++)
		unit[i] = NULL;
	for (i = 0, s = slot_array; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++, s++) {
		if (strcmp(s->name, name) == 0)
			unit[s->unit] = s;
	}

	/*
	 * find the free slot with the least unit number and same id
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++) {
		s = unit[i];
		if (s != NULL && s->ops == NULL && s->id == id)
			goto found;
	}

	/*
	 * find the free slot with the least unit number
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++) {
		s = unit[i];
		if (s != NULL && s->ops == NULL) {
			s->id = id;
			goto found;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * couldn't find a matching slot, pick oldest free slot
	 * and set its name/unit
	 */
	bestser = 0;
	bestidx = DEV_NSLOT;
	for (i = 0, s = slot_array; i < DEV_NSLOT; i++, s++) {
		if (s->ops != NULL)
			continue;
		ser = slot_serial - s->serial;
		if (ser > bestser) {
			bestser = ser;
			bestidx = i;
		}
	}
	if (bestidx != DEV_NSLOT) {
		s = slot_array + bestidx;
		s->vol = MIDI_MAXCTL;
		strlcpy(s->name, name, SLOT_NAMEMAX);
		s->serial = slot_serial++;
		for (i = 0; unit[i] != NULL; i++)
			; /* nothing */
		s->unit = i;
		s->id = id;
		goto found;
	}

	if (log_level >= 1) {
		log_puts(name);
		log_puts(": out of sub-device slots\n");
	}
	return NULL;

found:
	if ((mode & MODE_REC) && (opt->mode & MODE_MON)) {
		mode |= MODE_MON;
		mode &= ~MODE_REC;
	}
	if ((mode & opt->mode) != mode) {
		if (log_level >= 1) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": requested mode not allowed\n");
		}
		return NULL;
	}
	if (!dev_ref(opt->dev))
		return NULL;
	if ((mode & opt->dev->mode) != mode) {
		if (log_level >= 1) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": requested mode not supported\n");
		}
	}
	s->opt = opt;
	s->ops = ops;
	s->arg = arg;
	s->pstate = SLOT_INIT;
	s->mode = mode;
	aparams_init(&s->par);
	if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY)
		s->mix.nch = s->opt->pmax - s->opt->pmin + 1;
	if (s->mode & MODE_RECMASK)
		s->sub.nch = s->opt->rmax - s->opt->rmin + 1;
	s->xrun = s->opt->mmc ? XRUN_SYNC : XRUN_IGNORE;
	s->appbufsz = s->opt->dev->bufsz;
	s->round = s->opt->dev->round;
	s->rate = s->opt->dev->rate;
	dev_label(s->opt->dev, s - slot_array);
	dev_midi_slotdesc(s->opt->dev, s);
	dev_midi_vol(s->opt->dev, s);
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": using ");
		dev_log(s->opt->dev);
		log_puts(".");
		log_puts(s->opt->name);
		log_puts(", mode = ");
		log_putx(mode);
		log_puts("\n");
	}
#endif
	return s;
}

/*
 * release the given slot
 */
void
slot_del(struct slot *s)
{
	s->arg = s;
	s->ops = &zomb_slotops;
	switch (s->pstate) {
	case SLOT_INIT:
		s->ops = NULL;
		break;
	case SLOT_START:
	case SLOT_READY:
	case SLOT_RUN:
	case SLOT_STOP:
		slot_stop(s, 0);
		break;
	}
	dev_unref(s->opt->dev);
}

/*
 * change the slot play volume; called either by the slot or by MIDI
 */
void
slot_setvol(struct slot *s, unsigned int vol)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": setting volume ");
		log_putu(vol);
		log_puts("\n");
	}
#endif
	s->vol = vol;
	s->mix.vol = MIDI_TO_ADATA(s->vol);
}

/*
 * attach the slot to the device (ie start playing & recording
 */
void
slot_attach(struct slot *s)
{
	struct dev *d = s->opt->dev;
	long long pos;

	/*
	 * start the device if not started
	 */
	dev_wakeup(d);

	/*
	 * adjust initial clock
	 */
	pos = s->delta_rem +
	    (long long)s->delta * d->round +
	    (long long)d->delta * s->round;
	s->delta = pos / (int)d->round;
	s->delta_rem = pos % d->round;
	if (s->delta_rem < 0) {
		s->delta_rem += d->round;
		s->delta--;
	}

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 2) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": attached at ");
		log_puti(s->delta);
		log_puts(" + ");
		log_puti(s->delta_rem);
		log_puts("/");
		log_puti(s->round);
		log_puts("\n");
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * We dont check whether the device is dying,
	 * because dev_xxx() functions are supposed to
	 * work (i.e., not to crash)
	 */

	s->next = d->slot_list;
	d->slot_list = s;
	if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
		s->mix.vol = MIDI_TO_ADATA(s->vol);
		dev_mix_adjvol(d);
	}
}

/*
 * if MMC is enabled, and try to attach all slots synchronously, else
 * simply attach the slot
 */
void
slot_ready(struct slot *s)
{
	/*
	 * device may be disconnected, and if so we're called from
	 * slot->ops->exit() on a closed device
	 */
	if (s->opt->dev->pstate == DEV_CFG)
		return;
	if (!s->opt->mmc) {
		slot_attach(s);
		s->pstate = SLOT_RUN;
	} else
		dev_sync_attach(s->opt->dev);
}

/*
 * setup buffers & conversion layers, prepare the slot to receive data
 * (for playback) or start (recording).
 */
void
slot_start(struct slot *s)
{
	struct dev *d = s->opt->dev;
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (s->pstate != SLOT_INIT) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": slot_start: wrong state\n");
		panic();
	}
	if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": playing ");
			aparams_log(&s->par);
			log_puts(" -> ");
			aparams_log(&d->par);
			log_puts("\n");
		}
	}
	if (s->mode & MODE_RECMASK) {
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": recording ");
			aparams_log(&s->par);
			log_puts(" <- ");
			aparams_log(&d->par);
			log_puts("\n");
		}
	}
#endif
	slot_allocbufs(s);

	if (s->mode & MODE_RECMASK) {
		/*
		 * N-th recorded block is the N-th played block
		 */
		s->sub.prime = -dev_getpos(d) / d->round;
	}
	s->skip = 0;

	/*
	 * get the current position, the origin is when the first sample
	 * played and/or recorded
	 */
	s->delta = dev_getpos(d) * (int)s->round / (int)d->round;
	s->delta_rem = 0;

	if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY) {
		s->pstate = SLOT_START;
	} else {
		s->pstate = SLOT_READY;
		slot_ready(s);
	}
}

/*
 * stop playback and recording, and free conversion layers
 */
void
slot_detach(struct slot *s)
{
	struct slot **ps;
	struct dev *d = s->opt->dev;
	long long pos;

	for (ps = &d->slot_list; *ps != s; ps = &(*ps)->next) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (*ps == NULL) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": can't detach, not on list\n");
			panic();
		}
#endif
	}
	*ps = s->next;

	/*
	 * adjust clock, go back d->delta ticks so that slot_attach()
	 * could be called with the resulting state
	 */
	pos = s->delta_rem +
	    (long long)s->delta * d->round -
	    (long long)d->delta * s->round;
	s->delta = pos / (int)d->round;
	s->delta_rem = pos % d->round;
	if (s->delta_rem < 0) {
		s->delta_rem += d->round;
		s->delta--;
	}

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 2) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": detached at ");
		log_puti(s->delta);
		log_puts(" + ");
		log_puti(s->delta_rem);
		log_puts("/");
		log_puti(d->round);
		log_puts("\n");
	}
#endif
	if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY)
		dev_mix_adjvol(d);
}

/*
 * put the slot in stopping state (draining play buffers) or
 * stop & detach if no data to drain.
 */
void
slot_stop(struct slot *s, int drain)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		slot_log(s);
		log_puts(": stopping\n");
	}
#endif
	if (s->pstate == SLOT_START) {
		/*
		 * If in rec-only mode, we're already in the READY or
		 * RUN states. We're here because the play buffer was
		 * not full enough, try to start so it's drained.
		 */
		s->pstate = SLOT_READY;
		slot_ready(s);
	}

	if (s->pstate == SLOT_RUN) {
		if ((s->mode & MODE_PLAY) && drain) {
			/*
			 * Don't detach, dev_cycle() will do it for us
			 * when the buffer is drained.
			 */
			s->pstate = SLOT_STOP;
			return;
		}
		slot_detach(s);
	} else if (s->pstate == SLOT_STOP) {
		slot_detach(s);
	} else {
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": not drained (blocked by mmc)\n");
		}
#endif
	}

	s->pstate = SLOT_INIT;
	s->ops->eof(s->arg);
	slot_freebufs(s);
}

void
slot_skip_update(struct slot *s)
{
	int skip;

	skip = slot_skip(s);
	while (skip > 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (log_level >= 4) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": catching skipped block\n");
		}
#endif
		if (s->mode & MODE_RECMASK)
			s->ops->flush(s->arg);
		if (s->mode & MODE_PLAY)
			s->ops->fill(s->arg);
		skip--;
	}
}

/*
 * notify the slot that we just wrote in the play buffer, must be called
 * after each write
 */
void
slot_write(struct slot *s)
{
	if (s->pstate == SLOT_START && s->mix.buf.used == s->mix.buf.len) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		if (log_level >= 4) {
			slot_log(s);
			log_puts(": switching to READY state\n");
		}
#endif
		s->pstate = SLOT_READY;
		slot_ready(s);
	}
	slot_skip_update(s);
}

/*
 * notify the slot that we freed some space in the rec buffer
 */
void
slot_read(struct slot *s)
{
	slot_skip_update(s);
}

/*
 * allocate at control slot
 */
struct ctlslot *
ctlslot_new(struct opt *o, struct ctlops *ops, void *arg)
{
	struct ctlslot *s;
	struct ctl *c;
	int i;

	i = 0;
	for (;;) {
		if (i == DEV_NCTLSLOT)
			return NULL;
		s = ctlslot_array + i;
		if (s->ops == NULL)
			break;
		i++;
	}
	s->opt = o;
	s->self = 1 << i;
	if (!dev_ref(o->dev))
		return NULL;
	s->ops = ops;
	s->arg = arg;
	for (c = o->dev->ctl_list; c != NULL; c = c->next)
		c->refs_mask |= s->self;
	return s;
}

/*
 * free control slot
 */
void
ctlslot_del(struct ctlslot *s)
{
	struct ctl *c, **pc;

	pc = &s->opt->dev->ctl_list;
	while ((c = *pc) != NULL) {
		c->refs_mask &= ~s->self;
		if (c->refs_mask == 0) {
			*pc = c->next;
			xfree(c);
		} else
			pc = &c->next;
	}
	s->ops = NULL;
	dev_unref(s->opt->dev);
}

void
ctl_node_log(struct ctl_node *c)
{
	log_puts(c->name);
	if (c->unit >= 0)
		log_putu(c->unit);
}

void
ctl_log(struct ctl *c)
{
	if (c->group[0] != 0) {
		log_puts(c->group);
		log_puts("/");
	}
	ctl_node_log(&c->node0);
	log_puts(".");
	log_puts(c->func);
	log_puts("=");
	switch (c->type) {
	case CTL_NONE:
		log_puts("none");
		break;
	case CTL_NUM:
	case CTL_SW:
		log_putu(c->curval);
		break;
	case CTL_VEC:
	case CTL_LIST:
	case CTL_SEL:
		ctl_node_log(&c->node1);
		log_puts(":");
		log_putu(c->curval);
	}
	log_puts(" at ");
	log_putu(c->addr);
}

/*
 * add a ctl
 */
struct ctl *
dev_addctl(struct dev *d, char *gstr, int type, int addr,
    char *str0, int unit0, char *func, char *str1, int unit1, int maxval, int val)
{
	struct ctl *c, **pc;
	int i;

	c = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ctl));
	c->type = type;
	strlcpy(c->func, func, CTL_NAMEMAX);
	strlcpy(c->group, gstr, CTL_NAMEMAX);
	strlcpy(c->node0.name, str0, CTL_NAMEMAX);
	c->node0.unit = unit0;
	if (c->type == CTL_VEC || c->type == CTL_LIST || c->type == CTL_SEL) {
		strlcpy(c->node1.name, str1, CTL_NAMEMAX);
		c->node1.unit = unit1;
	} else
		memset(&c->node1, 0, sizeof(struct ctl_node));
	c->addr = addr;
	c->maxval = maxval;
	c->val_mask = ~0;
	c->desc_mask = ~0;
	c->curval = val;
	c->dirty = 0;
	c->refs_mask = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < DEV_NCTLSLOT; i++) {
		c->refs_mask |= CTL_DEVMASK;
		if (ctlslot_array[i].ops != NULL)
			c->refs_mask |= 1 << i;
	}
	for (pc = &d->ctl_list; *pc != NULL; pc = &(*pc)->next)
		; /* nothing */
	c->next = NULL;
	*pc = c;
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": adding ");
		ctl_log(c);
		log_puts("\n");
	}
#endif
	return c;
}

void
dev_rmctl(struct dev *d, int addr)
{
	struct ctl *c, **pc;

	pc = &d->ctl_list;
	for (;;) {
		c = *pc;
		if (c == NULL)
			return;
		if (c->type != CTL_NONE && c->addr == addr)
			break;
		pc = &c->next;
	}
	c->type = CTL_NONE;
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (log_level >= 3) {
		dev_log(d);
		log_puts(": removing ");
		ctl_log(c);
		log_puts(", refs_mask = 0x");
		log_putx(c->refs_mask);
		log_puts("\n");
	}
#endif
	c->refs_mask &= ~CTL_DEVMASK;
	if (c->refs_mask == 0) {
		*pc = c->next;
		xfree(c);
		return;
	}
	c->desc_mask = ~0;
}

void
dev_ctlsync(struct dev *d)
{
	struct ctl *c;
	struct ctlslot *s;
	int found, i;

	found = 0;
	for (c = d->ctl_list; c != NULL; c = c->next) {
		if (c->addr != CTLADDR_MASTER &&
		    c->type == CTL_NUM &&
		    strcmp(c->group, "") == 0 &&
		    strcmp(c->node0.name, "output") == 0 &&
		    strcmp(c->func, "level") == 0)
			found = 1;
	}

	if (d->master_enabled && found) {
		if (log_level >= 2) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": software master level control disabled\n");
		}
		d->master_enabled = 0;
		dev_rmctl(d, CTLADDR_MASTER);
	} else if (!d->master_enabled && !found) {
		if (log_level >= 2) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": software master level control enabled\n");
		}
		d->master_enabled = 1;
		dev_addctl(d, "", CTL_NUM, CTLADDR_MASTER,
		    "output", -1, "level", NULL, -1, 127, d->master);
	}

	for (s = ctlslot_array, i = DEV_NCTLSLOT; i > 0; i--, s++) {
		if (s->ops && s->opt->dev == d)
			s->ops->sync(s->arg);
	}
}

int
dev_setctl(struct dev *d, int addr, int val)
{
	struct ctl *c;
	struct slot *s;
	int num;

	c = d->ctl_list;
	for (;;) {
		if (c == NULL) {
			if (log_level >= 3) {
				dev_log(d);
				log_puts(": ");
				log_putu(addr);
				log_puts(": no such ctl address\n");
			}
			return 0;
		}
		if (c->type != CTL_NONE && c->addr == addr)
			break;
		c = c->next;
	}
	if (c->curval == val) {
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			ctl_log(c);
			log_puts(": already set\n");
		}
		return 1;
	}
	if (val < 0 || val > c->maxval) {
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			dev_log(d);
			log_puts(": ");
			log_putu(val);
			log_puts(": ctl val out of bounds\n");
		}
		return 0;
	}
	if (addr >= CTLADDR_END) {
		if (log_level >= 3) {
			ctl_log(c);
			log_puts(": marked as dirty\n");
		}
		c->dirty = 1;
		dev_ref(d);
	} else {
		if (addr >= CTLADDR_ALT_SEL) {
			if (val) {
				num = addr - CTLADDR_ALT_SEL;
				dev_setalt(d, num);
			}
			return 1;
		} else if (addr == CTLADDR_MASTER) {
			if (d->master_enabled) {
				dev_master(d, val);
				dev_midi_master(d);
			}
		} else {
			num = addr - CTLADDR_SLOT_LEVEL(0);
			s = slot_array + num;
			if (s->opt->dev != d)
				return 1;
			slot_setvol(s, val);
			dev_midi_vol(d, s);
		}
		c->val_mask = ~0U;
	}
	c->curval = val;
	return 1;
}

int
dev_onval(struct dev *d, int addr, int val)
{
	struct ctl *c;

	c = d->ctl_list;
	for (;;) {
		if (c == NULL)
			return 0;
		if (c->type != CTL_NONE && c->addr == addr)
			break;
		c = c->next;
	}
	c->curval = val;
	c->val_mask = ~0U;
	return 1;
}

void
dev_label(struct dev *d, int i)
{
	struct ctl *c;
	char name[CTL_NAMEMAX];

	slot_ctlname(&slot_array[i], name, CTL_NAMEMAX);

	c = d->ctl_list;
	for (;;) {
		if (c == NULL) {
			dev_addctl(d, "app", CTL_NUM,
			    CTLADDR_SLOT_LEVEL(i),
			    name, -1, "level",
			    NULL, -1, 127, slot_array[i].vol);
			return;
		}
		if (c->addr == CTLADDR_SLOT_LEVEL(i))
			break;
		c = c->next;
	}
	if (strcmp(c->node0.name, name) == 0)
		return;
	strlcpy(c->node0.name, name, CTL_NAMEMAX);
	c->desc_mask = ~0;
}