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Add support for certificate key types for users and hosts.

OpenSSH certificate key types are not X.509 certificates, but a much
simpler format that encodes a public key, identity information and
some validity constraints and signs it with a CA key. CA keys are
regular SSH keys. This certificate style avoids the attack surface
of X.509 certificates and is very easy to deploy.

Certified host keys allow automatic acceptance of new host keys
when a CA certificate is marked as trusted in ~/.ssh/known_hosts.
see VERIFYING HOST KEYS in ssh(1) for details.

Certified user keys allow authentication of users when the signing
CA key is marked as trusted in authorized_keys. See "AUTHORIZED_KEYS
FILE FORMAT" in sshd(8) for details.

Certificates are minted using ssh-keygen(1), documentation is in
the "CERTIFICATES" section of that manpage.

Documentation on the format of certificates is in the file
PROTOCOL.certkeys

feedback and ok markus@

/* $OpenBSD: kexdhs.c,v 1.11 2010/02/26 20:29:54 djm Exp $ */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */


#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include "xmalloc.h"
#include "buffer.h"
#include "key.h"
#include "cipher.h"
#include "kex.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "packet.h"
#include "dh.h"
#include "ssh2.h"
#ifdef GSSAPI
#include "ssh-gss.h"
#endif
#include "monitor_wrap.h"

void
kexdh_server(Kex *kex)
{
	BIGNUM *shared_secret = NULL, *dh_client_pub = NULL;
	DH *dh;
	Key *server_host_public, *server_host_private;
	u_char *kbuf, *hash, *signature = NULL, *server_host_key_blob = NULL;
	u_int sbloblen, klen, hashlen, slen;
	int kout;

	/* generate server DH public key */
	switch (kex->kex_type) {
	case KEX_DH_GRP1_SHA1:
		dh = dh_new_group1();
		break;
	case KEX_DH_GRP14_SHA1:
		dh = dh_new_group14();
		break;
	default:
		fatal("%s: Unexpected KEX type %d", __func__, kex->kex_type);
	}
	dh_gen_key(dh, kex->we_need * 8);

	debug("expecting SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT");
	packet_read_expect(SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT);

	if (kex->load_host_public_key == NULL ||
	    kex->load_host_private_key == NULL)
		fatal("Cannot load hostkey");
	server_host_public = kex->load_host_public_key(kex->hostkey_type);
	if (server_host_public == NULL)
		fatal("Unsupported hostkey type %d", kex->hostkey_type);
	server_host_private = kex->load_host_private_key(kex->hostkey_type);
	if (server_host_private == NULL)
		fatal("Missing private key for hostkey type %d",
		    kex->hostkey_type);

	/* key, cert */
	if ((dh_client_pub = BN_new()) == NULL)
		fatal("dh_client_pub == NULL");
	packet_get_bignum2(dh_client_pub);
	packet_check_eom();

#ifdef DEBUG_KEXDH
	fprintf(stderr, "dh_client_pub= ");
	BN_print_fp(stderr, dh_client_pub);
	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
	debug("bits %d", BN_num_bits(dh_client_pub));
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG_KEXDH
	DHparams_print_fp(stderr, dh);
	fprintf(stderr, "pub= ");
	BN_print_fp(stderr, dh->pub_key);
	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
	if (!dh_pub_is_valid(dh, dh_client_pub))
		packet_disconnect("bad client public DH value");

	klen = DH_size(dh);
	kbuf = xmalloc(klen);
	if ((kout = DH_compute_key(kbuf, dh_client_pub, dh)) < 0)
		fatal("DH_compute_key: failed");
#ifdef DEBUG_KEXDH
	dump_digest("shared secret", kbuf, kout);
#endif
	if ((shared_secret = BN_new()) == NULL)
		fatal("kexdh_server: BN_new failed");
	if (BN_bin2bn(kbuf, kout, shared_secret) == NULL)
		fatal("kexdh_server: BN_bin2bn failed");
	memset(kbuf, 0, klen);
	xfree(kbuf);

	key_to_blob(server_host_public, &server_host_key_blob, &sbloblen);

	/* calc H */
	kex_dh_hash(
	    kex->client_version_string,
	    kex->server_version_string,
	    buffer_ptr(&kex->peer), buffer_len(&kex->peer),
	    buffer_ptr(&kex->my), buffer_len(&kex->my),
	    server_host_key_blob, sbloblen,
	    dh_client_pub,
	    dh->pub_key,
	    shared_secret,
	    &hash, &hashlen
	);
	BN_clear_free(dh_client_pub);

	/* save session id := H */
	if (kex->session_id == NULL) {
		kex->session_id_len = hashlen;
		kex->session_id = xmalloc(kex->session_id_len);
		memcpy(kex->session_id, hash, kex->session_id_len);
	}

	/* sign H */
	if (PRIVSEP(key_sign(server_host_private, &signature, &slen, hash,
	    hashlen)) < 0)
		fatal("kexdh_server: key_sign failed");

	/* destroy_sensitive_data(); */

	/* send server hostkey, DH pubkey 'f' and singed H */
	packet_start(SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY);
	packet_put_string(server_host_key_blob, sbloblen);
	packet_put_bignum2(dh->pub_key);	/* f */
	packet_put_string(signature, slen);
	packet_send();

	xfree(signature);
	xfree(server_host_key_blob);
	/* have keys, free DH */
	DH_free(dh);

	kex_derive_keys(kex, hash, hashlen, shared_secret);
	BN_clear_free(shared_secret);
	kex_finish(kex);
}