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add encrypt-then-mac (EtM) modes to openssh by defining new mac algorithms
that change the packet format and compute the MAC over the encrypted
message (including the packet size) instead of the plaintext data;
these EtM modes are considered more secure and used by default.
feedback and ok djm@

/* $OpenBSD: cipher.c,v 1.83 2012/12/11 22:31:18 markus Exp $ */
/*
 * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
 * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
 *                    All rights reserved
 *
 * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
 * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
 * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
 * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
 * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1999 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 1999, 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <openssl/md5.h>

#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#include "xmalloc.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "cipher.h"

extern const EVP_CIPHER *evp_ssh1_bf(void);
extern const EVP_CIPHER *evp_ssh1_3des(void);
extern void ssh1_3des_iv(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *, int, u_char *, int);
extern const EVP_CIPHER *evp_aes_128_ctr(void);
extern void ssh_aes_ctr_iv(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *, int, u_char *, u_int);

struct Cipher {
	char	*name;
	int	number;		/* for ssh1 only */
	u_int	block_size;
	u_int	key_len;
	u_int	discard_len;
	u_int	cbc_mode;
	const EVP_CIPHER	*(*evptype)(void);
} ciphers[] = {
	{ "none",		SSH_CIPHER_NONE, 8, 0, 0, 0, EVP_enc_null },
	{ "des",		SSH_CIPHER_DES, 8, 8, 0, 1, EVP_des_cbc },
	{ "3des",		SSH_CIPHER_3DES, 8, 16, 0, 1, evp_ssh1_3des },
	{ "blowfish",		SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH, 8, 32, 0, 1, evp_ssh1_bf },

	{ "3des-cbc",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 8, 24, 0, 1, EVP_des_ede3_cbc },
	{ "blowfish-cbc",	SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 8, 16, 0, 1, EVP_bf_cbc },
	{ "cast128-cbc",	SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 8, 16, 0, 1, EVP_cast5_cbc },
	{ "arcfour",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 8, 16, 0, 0, EVP_rc4 },
	{ "arcfour128",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 8, 16, 1536, 0, EVP_rc4 },
	{ "arcfour256",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 8, 32, 1536, 0, EVP_rc4 },
	{ "aes128-cbc",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 16, 16, 0, 1, EVP_aes_128_cbc },
	{ "aes192-cbc",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 16, 24, 0, 1, EVP_aes_192_cbc },
	{ "aes256-cbc",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 16, 32, 0, 1, EVP_aes_256_cbc },
	{ "rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se",
				SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 16, 32, 0, 1, EVP_aes_256_cbc },
	{ "aes128-ctr",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 16, 16, 0, 0, evp_aes_128_ctr },
	{ "aes192-ctr",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 16, 24, 0, 0, evp_aes_128_ctr },
	{ "aes256-ctr",		SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 16, 32, 0, 0, evp_aes_128_ctr },
	{ "acss@openssh.org",	SSH_CIPHER_SSH2, 16, 5, 0, 0, EVP_acss },

	{ NULL,			SSH_CIPHER_INVALID, 0, 0, 0, 0, NULL }
};

/*--*/

u_int
cipher_blocksize(const Cipher *c)
{
	return (c->block_size);
}

u_int
cipher_keylen(const Cipher *c)
{
	return (c->key_len);
}

u_int
cipher_get_number(const Cipher *c)
{
	return (c->number);
}

u_int
cipher_is_cbc(const Cipher *c)
{
	return (c->cbc_mode);
}

u_int
cipher_mask_ssh1(int client)
{
	u_int mask = 0;
	mask |= 1 << SSH_CIPHER_3DES;		/* Mandatory */
	mask |= 1 << SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH;
	if (client) {
		mask |= 1 << SSH_CIPHER_DES;
	}
	return mask;
}

Cipher *
cipher_by_name(const char *name)
{
	Cipher *c;
	for (c = ciphers; c->name != NULL; c++)
		if (strcmp(c->name, name) == 0)
			return c;
	return NULL;
}

Cipher *
cipher_by_number(int id)
{
	Cipher *c;
	for (c = ciphers; c->name != NULL; c++)
		if (c->number == id)
			return c;
	return NULL;
}

#define	CIPHER_SEP	","
int
ciphers_valid(const char *names)
{
	Cipher *c;
	char *cipher_list, *cp;
	char *p;

	if (names == NULL || strcmp(names, "") == 0)
		return 0;
	cipher_list = cp = xstrdup(names);
	for ((p = strsep(&cp, CIPHER_SEP)); p && *p != '\0';
	    (p = strsep(&cp, CIPHER_SEP))) {
		c = cipher_by_name(p);
		if (c == NULL || c->number != SSH_CIPHER_SSH2) {
			debug("bad cipher %s [%s]", p, names);
			xfree(cipher_list);
			return 0;
		} else {
			debug3("cipher ok: %s [%s]", p, names);
		}
	}
	debug3("ciphers ok: [%s]", names);
	xfree(cipher_list);
	return 1;
}

/*
 * Parses the name of the cipher.  Returns the number of the corresponding
 * cipher, or -1 on error.
 */

int
cipher_number(const char *name)
{
	Cipher *c;
	if (name == NULL)
		return -1;
	for (c = ciphers; c->name != NULL; c++)
		if (strcasecmp(c->name, name) == 0)
			return c->number;
	return -1;
}

char *
cipher_name(int id)
{
	Cipher *c = cipher_by_number(id);
	return (c==NULL) ? "<unknown>" : c->name;
}

void
cipher_init(CipherContext *cc, Cipher *cipher,
    const u_char *key, u_int keylen, const u_char *iv, u_int ivlen,
    int do_encrypt)
{
	static int dowarn = 1;
	const EVP_CIPHER *type;
	int klen;
	u_char *junk, *discard;

	if (cipher->number == SSH_CIPHER_DES) {
		if (dowarn) {
			error("Warning: use of DES is strongly discouraged "
			    "due to cryptographic weaknesses");
			dowarn = 0;
		}
		if (keylen > 8)
			keylen = 8;
	}
	cc->plaintext = (cipher->number == SSH_CIPHER_NONE);

	if (keylen < cipher->key_len)
		fatal("cipher_init: key length %d is insufficient for %s.",
		    keylen, cipher->name);
	if (iv != NULL && ivlen < cipher->block_size)
		fatal("cipher_init: iv length %d is insufficient for %s.",
		    ivlen, cipher->name);
	cc->cipher = cipher;

	type = (*cipher->evptype)();

	EVP_CIPHER_CTX_init(&cc->evp);
	if (EVP_CipherInit(&cc->evp, type, NULL, (u_char *)iv,
	    (do_encrypt == CIPHER_ENCRYPT)) == 0)
		fatal("cipher_init: EVP_CipherInit failed for %s",
		    cipher->name);
	klen = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_key_length(&cc->evp);
	if (klen > 0 && keylen != (u_int)klen) {
		debug2("cipher_init: set keylen (%d -> %d)", klen, keylen);
		if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_key_length(&cc->evp, keylen) == 0)
			fatal("cipher_init: set keylen failed (%d -> %d)",
			    klen, keylen);
	}
	if (EVP_CipherInit(&cc->evp, NULL, (u_char *)key, NULL, -1) == 0)
		fatal("cipher_init: EVP_CipherInit: set key failed for %s",
		    cipher->name);

	if (cipher->discard_len > 0) {
		junk = xmalloc(cipher->discard_len);
		discard = xmalloc(cipher->discard_len);
		if (EVP_Cipher(&cc->evp, discard, junk,
		    cipher->discard_len) == 0)
			fatal("evp_crypt: EVP_Cipher failed during discard");
		memset(discard, 0, cipher->discard_len);
		xfree(junk);
		xfree(discard);
	}
}

/*
 * cipher_crypt() operates as following:
 * Copy 'aadlen' bytes (without en/decryption) from 'src' to 'dest'.
 * Theses bytes are treated as additional authenticated data for
 * authenticated encryption modes.
 * En/Decrypt 'len' bytes at offset 'aadlen' from 'src' to 'dest'.
 * Both 'aadlen' and 'authlen' can be set to 0.
 */
void
cipher_crypt(CipherContext *cc, u_char *dest, const u_char *src,
    u_int len, u_int aadlen)
{
	if (aadlen)
		memcpy(dest, src, aadlen);
	if (len % cc->cipher->block_size)
		fatal("%s: bad plaintext length %d", __func__, len);
	if (EVP_Cipher(&cc->evp, dest + aadlen, (u_char *)src + aadlen,
	    len) < 0)
		fatal("%s: EVP_Cipher failed", __func__);
}

void
cipher_cleanup(CipherContext *cc)
{
	if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup(&cc->evp) == 0)
		error("cipher_cleanup: EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup failed");
}

/*
 * Selects the cipher, and keys if by computing the MD5 checksum of the
 * passphrase and using the resulting 16 bytes as the key.
 */

void
cipher_set_key_string(CipherContext *cc, Cipher *cipher,
    const char *passphrase, int do_encrypt)
{
	MD5_CTX md;
	u_char digest[16];

	MD5_Init(&md);
	MD5_Update(&md, (const u_char *)passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
	MD5_Final(digest, &md);

	cipher_init(cc, cipher, digest, 16, NULL, 0, do_encrypt);

	memset(digest, 0, sizeof(digest));
	memset(&md, 0, sizeof(md));
}

/*
 * Exports an IV from the CipherContext required to export the key
 * state back from the unprivileged child to the privileged parent
 * process.
 */

int
cipher_get_keyiv_len(const CipherContext *cc)
{
	Cipher *c = cc->cipher;
	int ivlen;

	if (c->number == SSH_CIPHER_3DES)
		ivlen = 24;
	else
		ivlen = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(&cc->evp);
	return (ivlen);
}

void
cipher_get_keyiv(CipherContext *cc, u_char *iv, u_int len)
{
	Cipher *c = cc->cipher;
	int evplen;

	switch (c->number) {
	case SSH_CIPHER_SSH2:
	case SSH_CIPHER_DES:
	case SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH:
		evplen = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(&cc->evp);
		if (evplen <= 0)
			return;
		if ((u_int)evplen != len)
			fatal("%s: wrong iv length %d != %d", __func__,
			    evplen, len);
		if (c->evptype == evp_aes_128_ctr)
			ssh_aes_ctr_iv(&cc->evp, 0, iv, len);
		else
			memcpy(iv, cc->evp.iv, len);
		break;
	case SSH_CIPHER_3DES:
		ssh1_3des_iv(&cc->evp, 0, iv, 24);
		break;
	default:
		fatal("%s: bad cipher %d", __func__, c->number);
	}
}

void
cipher_set_keyiv(CipherContext *cc, u_char *iv)
{
	Cipher *c = cc->cipher;
	int evplen = 0;

	switch (c->number) {
	case SSH_CIPHER_SSH2:
	case SSH_CIPHER_DES:
	case SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH:
		evplen = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(&cc->evp);
		if (evplen == 0)
			return;
		if (c->evptype == evp_aes_128_ctr)
			ssh_aes_ctr_iv(&cc->evp, 1, iv, evplen);
		else
			memcpy(cc->evp.iv, iv, evplen);
		break;
	case SSH_CIPHER_3DES:
		ssh1_3des_iv(&cc->evp, 1, iv, 24);
		break;
	default:
		fatal("%s: bad cipher %d", __func__, c->number);
	}
}

#define EVP_X_STATE(evp)	(evp).cipher_data
#define EVP_X_STATE_LEN(evp)	(evp).cipher->ctx_size

int
cipher_get_keycontext(const CipherContext *cc, u_char *dat)
{
	Cipher *c = cc->cipher;
	int plen = 0;

	if (c->evptype == EVP_rc4 || c->evptype == EVP_acss) {
		plen = EVP_X_STATE_LEN(cc->evp);
		if (dat == NULL)
			return (plen);
		memcpy(dat, EVP_X_STATE(cc->evp), plen);
	}
	return (plen);
}

void
cipher_set_keycontext(CipherContext *cc, u_char *dat)
{
	Cipher *c = cc->cipher;
	int plen;

	if (c->evptype == EVP_rc4 || c->evptype == EVP_acss) {
		plen = EVP_X_STATE_LEN(cc->evp);
		memcpy(EVP_X_STATE(cc->evp), dat, plen);
	}
}