Annotation of src/usr.bin/ssh/sftp.1, Revision 1.108
1.108 ! jmc 1: .\" $OpenBSD: sftp.1,v 1.107 2017/05/02 13:44:51 jmc Exp $
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1.107 jmc 25: .Dd $Mdocdate: May 2 2017 $
1.1 djm 26: .Dt SFTP 1
27: .Os
28: .Sh NAME
29: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 30: .Nd secure file transfer program
1.1 djm 31: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.43 jmc 32: .Nm sftp
1.41 jmc 33: .Bk -words
1.106 djm 34: .Op Fl 46aCfpqrv
1.46 jmc 35: .Op Fl B Ar buffer_size
1.29 markus 36: .Op Fl b Ar batchfile
1.70 djm 37: .Op Fl c Ar cipher
1.72 djm 38: .Op Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
1.46 jmc 39: .Op Fl F Ar ssh_config
1.73 jmc 40: .Op Fl i Ar identity_file
1.85 djm 41: .Op Fl l Ar limit
1.29 markus 42: .Op Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.72 djm 43: .Op Fl P Ar port
1.30 djm 44: .Op Fl R Ar num_requests
1.26 stevesk 45: .Op Fl S Ar program
1.46 jmc 46: .Op Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
1.26 stevesk 47: .Ar host
1.41 jmc 48: .Ek
1.43 jmc 49: .Nm sftp
1.68 djm 50: .Oo Ar user Ns @ Oc Ns
51: .Ar host Ns Op : Ns Ar
1.43 jmc 52: .Nm sftp
1.84 jmc 53: .Oo
54: .Ar user Ns @ Oc Ns
1.41 jmc 55: .Ar host Ns Oo : Ns Ar dir Ns
1.84 jmc 56: .Op Ar /
57: .Oc
1.43 jmc 58: .Nm sftp
1.42 djm 59: .Fl b Ar batchfile
1.45 jmc 60: .Oo Ar user Ns @ Oc Ns Ar host
1.1 djm 61: .Sh DESCRIPTION
62: .Nm
63: is an interactive file transfer program, similar to
64: .Xr ftp 1 ,
65: which performs all operations over an encrypted
66: .Xr ssh 1
67: transport.
68: It may also use many features of ssh, such as public key authentication and
69: compression.
70: .Nm
71: connects and logs into the specified
1.18 stevesk 72: .Ar host ,
1.1 djm 73: then enters an interactive command mode.
1.15 mouring 74: .Pp
1.21 itojun 75: The second usage format will retrieve files automatically if a non-interactive
1.18 stevesk 76: authentication method is used; otherwise it will do so after
77: successful interactive authentication.
1.15 mouring 78: .Pp
1.60 jaredy 79: The third usage format allows
80: .Nm
81: to start in a remote directory.
1.1 djm 82: .Pp
1.44 jmc 83: The final usage format allows for automated sessions using the
1.42 djm 84: .Fl b
1.44 jmc 85: option.
1.62 jmc 86: In such cases, it is necessary to configure non-interactive authentication
1.44 jmc 87: to obviate the need to enter a password at connection time (see
1.42 djm 88: .Xr sshd 8
1.43 jmc 89: and
1.42 djm 90: .Xr ssh-keygen 1
1.44 jmc 91: for details).
1.89 djm 92: .Pp
93: Since some usage formats use colon characters to delimit host names from path
94: names, IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity.
95: .Pp
1.1 djm 96: The options are as follows:
97: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.70 djm 98: .It Fl 4
99: Forces
100: .Nm
101: to use IPv4 addresses only.
102: .It Fl 6
103: Forces
104: .Nm
105: to use IPv6 addresses only.
1.94 jmc 106: .It Fl a
1.99 jmc 107: Attempt to continue interrupted transfers rather than overwriting
1.98 logan 108: existing partial or complete copies of files.
1.99 jmc 109: If the partial contents differ from those being transferred,
1.98 logan 110: then the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.46 jmc 111: .It Fl B Ar buffer_size
112: Specify the size of the buffer that
113: .Nm
114: uses when transferring files.
115: Larger buffers require fewer round trips at the cost of higher
116: memory consumption.
117: The default is 32768 bytes.
1.10 deraadt 118: .It Fl b Ar batchfile
119: Batch mode reads a series of commands from an input
1.13 stevesk 120: .Ar batchfile
1.10 deraadt 121: instead of
1.13 stevesk 122: .Em stdin .
123: Since it lacks user interaction it should be used in conjunction with
1.51 jmc 124: non-interactive authentication.
1.50 djm 125: A
1.51 jmc 126: .Ar batchfile
127: of
128: .Sq \-
1.50 djm 129: may be used to indicate standard input.
1.13 stevesk 130: .Nm
1.21 itojun 131: will abort if any of the following
132: commands fail:
1.98 logan 133: .Ic get , put , reget , reput, rename , ln ,
1.41 jmc 134: .Ic rm , mkdir , chdir , ls ,
1.66 jmc 135: .Ic lchdir , chmod , chown ,
1.88 djm 136: .Ic chgrp , lpwd , df , symlink ,
1.10 deraadt 137: and
1.13 stevesk 138: .Ic lmkdir .
1.41 jmc 139: Termination on error can be suppressed on a command by command basis by
140: prefixing the command with a
1.51 jmc 141: .Sq \-
1.44 jmc 142: character (for example,
143: .Ic -rm /tmp/blah* ) .
1.71 jmc 144: .It Fl C
145: Enables compression (via ssh's
146: .Fl C
147: flag).
1.70 djm 148: .It Fl c Ar cipher
149: Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfers.
150: This option is directly passed to
151: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.72 djm 152: .It Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
153: Connect directly to a local sftp server
154: (rather than via
155: .Xr ssh 1 ) .
156: This option may be useful in debugging the client and server.
1.46 jmc 157: .It Fl F Ar ssh_config
158: Specifies an alternative
159: per-user configuration file for
160: .Xr ssh 1 .
161: This option is directly passed to
162: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.95 djm 163: .It Fl f
164: Requests that files be flushed to disk immediately after transfer.
165: When uploading files, this feature is only enabled if the server
166: implements the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.70 djm 167: .It Fl i Ar identity_file
168: Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key
169: authentication is read.
170: This option is directly passed to
171: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.85 djm 172: .It Fl l Ar limit
173: Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
1.1 djm 174: .It Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.23 stevesk 175: Can be used to pass options to
176: .Nm ssh
1.35 stevesk 177: in the format used in
178: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
179: This is useful for specifying options
1.23 stevesk 180: for which there is no separate
181: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 182: command-line flag.
183: For example, to specify an alternate port use:
1.26 stevesk 184: .Ic sftp -oPort=24 .
1.46 jmc 185: For full details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see
186: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
187: .Pp
188: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
189: .It AddressFamily
190: .It BatchMode
191: .It BindAddress
1.97 djm 192: .It CanonicalDomains
193: .It CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
194: .It CanonicalizeHostname
195: .It CanonicalizeMaxDots
196: .It CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
1.102 jmc 197: .It CertificateFile
1.46 jmc 198: .It ChallengeResponseAuthentication
199: .It CheckHostIP
200: .It Ciphers
201: .It Compression
1.54 dtucker 202: .It ConnectTimeout
1.55 djm 203: .It ControlMaster
204: .It ControlPath
1.91 djm 205: .It ControlPersist
1.46 jmc 206: .It GlobalKnownHostsFile
207: .It GSSAPIAuthentication
208: .It GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
1.61 jmc 209: .It HashKnownHosts
1.46 jmc 210: .It Host
211: .It HostbasedAuthentication
1.101 djm 212: .It HostbasedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 213: .It HostKeyAlgorithms
214: .It HostKeyAlias
215: .It HostName
1.104 jmc 216: .It IdentitiesOnly
1.103 markus 217: .It IdentityAgent
1.46 jmc 218: .It IdentityFile
1.87 jmc 219: .It IPQoS
1.91 djm 220: .It KbdInteractiveAuthentication
1.58 djm 221: .It KbdInteractiveDevices
1.86 jmc 222: .It KexAlgorithms
1.46 jmc 223: .It LogLevel
224: .It MACs
225: .It NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
226: .It NumberOfPasswordPrompts
227: .It PasswordAuthentication
1.83 markus 228: .It PKCS11Provider
1.46 jmc 229: .It Port
230: .It PreferredAuthentications
231: .It ProxyCommand
1.105 jmc 232: .It ProxyJump
1.108 ! jmc 233: .It PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 234: .It PubkeyAuthentication
1.63 dtucker 235: .It RekeyLimit
1.53 jmc 236: .It SendEnv
1.49 markus 237: .It ServerAliveInterval
238: .It ServerAliveCountMax
1.46 jmc 239: .It StrictHostKeyChecking
1.48 markus 240: .It TCPKeepAlive
1.100 djm 241: .It UpdateHostKeys
1.46 jmc 242: .It UsePrivilegedPort
243: .It User
244: .It UserKnownHostsFile
245: .It VerifyHostKeyDNS
246: .El
1.72 djm 247: .It Fl P Ar port
248: Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
1.74 djm 249: .It Fl p
250: Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
251: original files transferred.
1.70 djm 252: .It Fl q
253: Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and
254: diagnostic messages from
255: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.30 djm 256: .It Fl R Ar num_requests
1.44 jmc 257: Specify how many requests may be outstanding at any one time.
258: Increasing this may slightly improve file transfer speed
259: but will increase memory usage.
1.67 djm 260: The default is 64 outstanding requests.
1.74 djm 261: .It Fl r
262: Recursively copy entire directories when uploading and downloading.
263: Note that
264: .Nm
265: does not follow symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
1.26 stevesk 266: .It Fl S Ar program
267: Name of the
268: .Ar program
269: to use for the encrypted connection.
270: The program must understand
271: .Xr ssh 1
272: options.
1.46 jmc 273: .It Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
274: Specifies the SSH2 subsystem or the path for an sftp server
275: on the remote host.
276: A path is useful for using
277: .Nm
278: over protocol version 1, or when the remote
279: .Xr sshd 8
280: does not have an sftp subsystem configured.
281: .It Fl v
282: Raise logging level.
283: This option is also passed to ssh.
1.1 djm 284: .El
285: .Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
1.2 djm 286: Once in interactive mode,
287: .Nm
1.21 itojun 288: understands a set of commands similar to those of
1.1 djm 289: .Xr ftp 1 .
1.60 jaredy 290: Commands are case insensitive.
291: Pathnames that contain spaces must be enclosed in quotes.
292: Any special characters contained within pathnames that are recognized by
293: .Xr glob 3
294: must be escaped with backslashes
295: .Pq Sq \e .
296: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.22 markus 297: .It Ic bye
1.44 jmc 298: Quit
299: .Nm sftp .
1.3 deraadt 300: .It Ic cd Ar path
1.21 itojun 301: Change remote directory to
1.3 deraadt 302: .Ar path .
303: .It Ic chgrp Ar grp Ar path
1.21 itojun 304: Change group of file
1.5 stevesk 305: .Ar path
306: to
1.1 djm 307: .Ar grp .
1.60 jaredy 308: .Ar path
309: may contain
310: .Xr glob 3
311: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 312: .Ar grp
1.5 stevesk 313: must be a numeric GID.
1.3 deraadt 314: .It Ic chmod Ar mode Ar path
1.21 itojun 315: Change permissions of file
1.5 stevesk 316: .Ar path
317: to
1.3 deraadt 318: .Ar mode .
1.60 jaredy 319: .Ar path
320: may contain
321: .Xr glob 3
322: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 323: .It Ic chown Ar own Ar path
1.21 itojun 324: Change owner of file
1.5 stevesk 325: .Ar path
326: to
1.1 djm 327: .Ar own .
1.60 jaredy 328: .Ar path
329: may contain
330: .Xr glob 3
331: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 332: .Ar own
333: must be a numeric UID.
1.65 djm 334: .It Xo Ic df
335: .Op Fl hi
336: .Op Ar path
337: .Xc
338: Display usage information for the filesystem holding the current directory
339: (or
340: .Ar path
341: if specified).
342: If the
343: .Fl h
344: flag is specified, the capacity information will be displayed using
345: "human-readable" suffixes.
346: The
347: .Fl i
348: flag requests display of inode information in addition to capacity information.
349: This command is only supported on servers that implement the
350: .Dq statvfs@openssh.com
351: extension.
1.11 deraadt 352: .It Ic exit
1.44 jmc 353: Quit
354: .Nm sftp .
1.7 djm 355: .It Xo Ic get
1.95 djm 356: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 357: .Ar remote-path
358: .Op Ar local-path
359: .Xc
1.1 djm 360: Retrieve the
1.5 stevesk 361: .Ar remote-path
1.1 djm 362: and store it on the local machine.
363: If the local
1.21 itojun 364: path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the
1.44 jmc 365: remote machine.
1.60 jaredy 366: .Ar remote-path
367: may contain
368: .Xr glob 3
369: characters and may match multiple files.
370: If it does and
371: .Ar local-path
372: is specified, then
373: .Ar local-path
374: must specify a directory.
1.74 djm 375: .Pp
1.92 djm 376: If the
377: .Fl a
378: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial transfers of existing files.
379: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the local file matches
380: the remote copy.
1.93 djm 381: If the remote file contents differ from the partial local copy then the
382: resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.92 djm 383: .Pp
1.95 djm 384: If the
385: .Fl f
386: flag is specified, then
387: .Xr fsync 2
1.96 jmc 388: will be called after the file transfer has completed to flush the file
1.95 djm 389: to disk.
390: .Pp
1.76 jmc 391: If either the
1.75 djm 392: .Fl P
1.74 djm 393: or
394: .Fl p
1.60 jaredy 395: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 396: copied too.
1.74 djm 397: .Pp
398: If the
399: .Fl r
400: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
401: Note that
402: .Nm
403: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.11 deraadt 404: .It Ic help
405: Display help text.
1.46 jmc 406: .It Ic lcd Ar path
407: Change local directory to
408: .Ar path .
1.3 deraadt 409: .It Ic lls Op Ar ls-options Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 410: Display local directory listing of either
1.1 djm 411: .Ar path
412: or current directory if
413: .Ar path
1.5 stevesk 414: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 415: .Ar ls-options
416: may contain any flags supported by the local system's
417: .Xr ls 1
418: command.
419: .Ar path
420: may contain
421: .Xr glob 3
422: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 423: .It Ic lmkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 424: Create local directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 425: .Ar path .
1.88 djm 426: .It Xo Ic ln
427: .Op Fl s
428: .Ar oldpath
429: .Ar newpath
430: .Xc
431: Create a link from
1.12 djm 432: .Ar oldpath
433: to
434: .Ar newpath .
1.88 djm 435: If the
436: .Fl s
437: flag is specified the created link is a symbolic link, otherwise it is
438: a hard link.
1.3 deraadt 439: .It Ic lpwd
440: Print local working directory.
1.36 djm 441: .It Xo Ic ls
1.82 jmc 442: .Op Fl 1afhlnrSt
1.36 djm 443: .Op Ar path
444: .Xc
1.60 jaredy 445: Display a remote directory listing of either
1.1 djm 446: .Ar path
1.60 jaredy 447: or the current directory if
1.5 stevesk 448: .Ar path
1.44 jmc 449: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 450: .Ar path
451: may contain
452: .Xr glob 3
453: characters and may match multiple files.
454: .Pp
455: The following flags are recognized and alter the behaviour of
456: .Ic ls
457: accordingly:
458: .Bl -tag -width Ds
459: .It Fl 1
460: Produce single columnar output.
461: .It Fl a
462: List files beginning with a dot
463: .Pq Sq \&. .
464: .It Fl f
465: Do not sort the listing.
466: The default sort order is lexicographical.
1.81 djm 467: .It Fl h
468: When used with a long format option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte,
469: Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, and Exabyte in order to reduce
470: the number of digits to four or fewer using powers of 2 for sizes (K=1024,
471: M=1048576, etc.).
1.82 jmc 472: .It Fl l
473: Display additional details including permissions
474: and ownership information.
1.60 jaredy 475: .It Fl n
476: Produce a long listing with user and group information presented
1.56 djm 477: numerically.
1.60 jaredy 478: .It Fl r
479: Reverse the sort order of the listing.
480: .It Fl S
481: Sort the listing by file size.
482: .It Fl t
483: Sort the listing by last modification time.
484: .El
1.3 deraadt 485: .It Ic lumask Ar umask
1.21 itojun 486: Set local umask to
1.3 deraadt 487: .Ar umask .
488: .It Ic mkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 489: Create remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 490: .Ar path .
1.40 fgsch 491: .It Ic progress
492: Toggle display of progress meter.
1.7 djm 493: .It Xo Ic put
1.98 logan 494: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 495: .Ar local-path
1.37 djm 496: .Op Ar remote-path
1.7 djm 497: .Xc
1.1 djm 498: Upload
1.5 stevesk 499: .Ar local-path
1.44 jmc 500: and store it on the remote machine.
501: If the remote path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has
502: on the local machine.
1.60 jaredy 503: .Ar local-path
504: may contain
505: .Xr glob 3
506: characters and may match multiple files.
507: If it does and
508: .Ar remote-path
509: is specified, then
510: .Ar remote-path
511: must specify a directory.
1.95 djm 512: .Pp
513: If the
1.99 jmc 514: .Fl a
1.98 logan 515: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial
516: transfers of existing files.
1.99 jmc 517: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the remote file
1.98 logan 518: matches the local copy.
519: If the local file contents differ from the remote local copy then
520: the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
521: .Pp
522: If the
1.95 djm 523: .Fl f
524: flag is specified, then a request will be sent to the server to call
525: .Xr fsync 2
526: after the file has been transferred.
527: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
528: the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.74 djm 529: .Pp
1.90 dtucker 530: If either the
1.7 djm 531: .Fl P
1.74 djm 532: or
533: .Fl p
534: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 535: copied too.
1.74 djm 536: .Pp
537: If the
538: .Fl r
539: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
540: Note that
541: .Nm
542: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.3 deraadt 543: .It Ic pwd
544: Display remote working directory.
545: .It Ic quit
1.44 jmc 546: Quit
547: .Nm sftp .
1.92 djm 548: .It Xo Ic reget
549: .Op Fl Ppr
550: .Ar remote-path
551: .Op Ar local-path
552: .Xc
553: Resume download of
554: .Ar remote-path .
555: Equivalent to
556: .Ic get
557: with the
1.98 logan 558: .Fl a
559: flag set.
560: .It Xo Ic reput
561: .Op Fl Ppr
562: .Op Ar local-path
563: .Ar remote-path
564: .Xc
565: Resume upload of
566: .Op Ar local-path .
567: Equivalent to
568: .Ic put
1.99 jmc 569: with the
1.92 djm 570: .Fl a
571: flag set.
1.3 deraadt 572: .It Ic rename Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.1 djm 573: Rename remote file from
574: .Ar oldpath
575: to
1.3 deraadt 576: .Ar newpath .
1.46 jmc 577: .It Ic rm Ar path
578: Delete remote file specified by
579: .Ar path .
1.3 deraadt 580: .It Ic rmdir Ar path
1.1 djm 581: Remove remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 582: .Ar path .
1.12 djm 583: .It Ic symlink Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.21 itojun 584: Create a symbolic link from
1.12 djm 585: .Ar oldpath
586: to
587: .Ar newpath .
1.38 fgsch 588: .It Ic version
589: Display the
590: .Nm
591: protocol version.
1.69 sobrado 592: .It Ic \&! Ns Ar command
1.21 itojun 593: Execute
1.1 djm 594: .Ar command
1.3 deraadt 595: in local shell.
1.45 jmc 596: .It Ic \&!
1.3 deraadt 597: Escape to local shell.
1.45 jmc 598: .It Ic \&?
1.5 stevesk 599: Synonym for help.
1.4 itojun 600: .El
1.1 djm 601: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.46 jmc 602: .Xr ftp 1 ,
1.60 jaredy 603: .Xr ls 1 ,
1.17 markus 604: .Xr scp 1 ,
1.1 djm 605: .Xr ssh 1 ,
606: .Xr ssh-add 1 ,
607: .Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
1.60 jaredy 608: .Xr glob 3 ,
1.35 stevesk 609: .Xr ssh_config 5 ,
1.17 markus 610: .Xr sftp-server 8 ,
611: .Xr sshd 8
612: .Rs
1.20 deraadt 613: .%A T. Ylonen
614: .%A S. Lehtinen
1.17 markus 615: .%T "SSH File Transfer Protocol"
616: .%N draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-00.txt
617: .%D January 2001
618: .%O work in progress material
619: .Re