Annotation of src/usr.bin/ssh/sftp.1, Revision 1.111
1.111 ! millert 1: .\" $OpenBSD: sftp.1,v 1.110 2017/05/03 21:49:18 naddy Exp $
1.1 djm 2: .\"
1.9 deraadt 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2001 Damien Miller. All rights reserved.
1.1 djm 4: .\"
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1.110 naddy 25: .Dd $Mdocdate: May 3 2017 $
1.1 djm 26: .Dt SFTP 1
27: .Os
28: .Sh NAME
29: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 30: .Nd secure file transfer program
1.1 djm 31: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.43 jmc 32: .Nm sftp
1.41 jmc 33: .Bk -words
1.106 djm 34: .Op Fl 46aCfpqrv
1.46 jmc 35: .Op Fl B Ar buffer_size
1.29 markus 36: .Op Fl b Ar batchfile
1.70 djm 37: .Op Fl c Ar cipher
1.72 djm 38: .Op Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
1.46 jmc 39: .Op Fl F Ar ssh_config
1.73 jmc 40: .Op Fl i Ar identity_file
1.85 djm 41: .Op Fl l Ar limit
1.29 markus 42: .Op Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.72 djm 43: .Op Fl P Ar port
1.30 djm 44: .Op Fl R Ar num_requests
1.26 stevesk 45: .Op Fl S Ar program
1.46 jmc 46: .Op Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
1.111 ! millert 47: .Ar destination
1.1 djm 48: .Sh DESCRIPTION
49: .Nm
1.111 ! millert 50: is a file transfer program, similar to
1.1 djm 51: .Xr ftp 1 ,
52: which performs all operations over an encrypted
53: .Xr ssh 1
54: transport.
55: It may also use many features of ssh, such as public key authentication and
56: compression.
1.111 ! millert 57: .Pp
! 58: The
! 59: .Ar destination
! 60: may be specified either as
! 61: .Oo Ar user Ns @ Oc Ns Ar host Ns Oo : Ns Ar path Oc
! 62: or as an sftp URI in the form
! 63: .No sftp:// Ns Oo Ar user Ns @ Oc Ns Ar host Ns
! 64: .Oo : Ns Ar port Oc Ns Oo / Ns Ar path Oc .
! 65: .Pp
! 66: If the
! 67: .Ar destination
! 68: includes a
! 69: .Ar path
! 70: and it is not a directory,
1.1 djm 71: .Nm
1.111 ! millert 72: will retrieve files automatically if a non-interactive
1.18 stevesk 73: authentication method is used; otherwise it will do so after
74: successful interactive authentication.
1.15 mouring 75: .Pp
1.111 ! millert 76: If no
! 77: .Ar path
! 78: is specified, or if the
! 79: .Ar path
! 80: is a directory,
1.60 jaredy 81: .Nm
1.111 ! millert 82: will log in to the specified
! 83: .Ar host
! 84: and enter interactive command mode, changing to the remote directory
! 85: if one was specified.
! 86: An optional trailing slash can be used to force the
! 87: .Ar path
! 88: to be interpreted as a directory.
1.1 djm 89: .Pp
1.111 ! millert 90: Since the destination formats use colon characters to delimit host
! 91: names from path names or port numbers, IPv6 addresses must be
! 92: enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity.
1.89 djm 93: .Pp
1.1 djm 94: The options are as follows:
95: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.70 djm 96: .It Fl 4
97: Forces
98: .Nm
99: to use IPv4 addresses only.
100: .It Fl 6
101: Forces
102: .Nm
103: to use IPv6 addresses only.
1.94 jmc 104: .It Fl a
1.99 jmc 105: Attempt to continue interrupted transfers rather than overwriting
1.98 logan 106: existing partial or complete copies of files.
1.99 jmc 107: If the partial contents differ from those being transferred,
1.98 logan 108: then the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.46 jmc 109: .It Fl B Ar buffer_size
110: Specify the size of the buffer that
111: .Nm
112: uses when transferring files.
113: Larger buffers require fewer round trips at the cost of higher
114: memory consumption.
115: The default is 32768 bytes.
1.10 deraadt 116: .It Fl b Ar batchfile
117: Batch mode reads a series of commands from an input
1.13 stevesk 118: .Ar batchfile
1.10 deraadt 119: instead of
1.13 stevesk 120: .Em stdin .
121: Since it lacks user interaction it should be used in conjunction with
1.111 ! millert 122: non-interactive authentication to obviate the need to enter a password
! 123: at connection time (see
! 124: .Xr sshd 8
! 125: and
! 126: .Xr ssh-keygen 1
! 127: for details).
1.50 djm 128: A
1.51 jmc 129: .Ar batchfile
130: of
131: .Sq \-
1.50 djm 132: may be used to indicate standard input.
1.13 stevesk 133: .Nm
1.21 itojun 134: will abort if any of the following
135: commands fail:
1.98 logan 136: .Ic get , put , reget , reput, rename , ln ,
1.41 jmc 137: .Ic rm , mkdir , chdir , ls ,
1.66 jmc 138: .Ic lchdir , chmod , chown ,
1.88 djm 139: .Ic chgrp , lpwd , df , symlink ,
1.10 deraadt 140: and
1.13 stevesk 141: .Ic lmkdir .
1.41 jmc 142: Termination on error can be suppressed on a command by command basis by
143: prefixing the command with a
1.51 jmc 144: .Sq \-
1.44 jmc 145: character (for example,
146: .Ic -rm /tmp/blah* ) .
1.71 jmc 147: .It Fl C
148: Enables compression (via ssh's
149: .Fl C
150: flag).
1.70 djm 151: .It Fl c Ar cipher
152: Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfers.
153: This option is directly passed to
154: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.72 djm 155: .It Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
156: Connect directly to a local sftp server
157: (rather than via
158: .Xr ssh 1 ) .
159: This option may be useful in debugging the client and server.
1.46 jmc 160: .It Fl F Ar ssh_config
161: Specifies an alternative
162: per-user configuration file for
163: .Xr ssh 1 .
164: This option is directly passed to
165: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.95 djm 166: .It Fl f
167: Requests that files be flushed to disk immediately after transfer.
168: When uploading files, this feature is only enabled if the server
169: implements the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.70 djm 170: .It Fl i Ar identity_file
171: Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key
172: authentication is read.
173: This option is directly passed to
174: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.85 djm 175: .It Fl l Ar limit
176: Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
1.1 djm 177: .It Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.23 stevesk 178: Can be used to pass options to
179: .Nm ssh
1.35 stevesk 180: in the format used in
181: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
182: This is useful for specifying options
1.23 stevesk 183: for which there is no separate
184: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 185: command-line flag.
186: For example, to specify an alternate port use:
1.26 stevesk 187: .Ic sftp -oPort=24 .
1.46 jmc 188: For full details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see
189: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
190: .Pp
191: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
192: .It AddressFamily
193: .It BatchMode
194: .It BindAddress
1.97 djm 195: .It CanonicalDomains
196: .It CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
197: .It CanonicalizeHostname
198: .It CanonicalizeMaxDots
199: .It CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
1.102 jmc 200: .It CertificateFile
1.46 jmc 201: .It ChallengeResponseAuthentication
202: .It CheckHostIP
203: .It Ciphers
204: .It Compression
1.110 naddy 205: .It ConnectionAttempts
1.54 dtucker 206: .It ConnectTimeout
1.55 djm 207: .It ControlMaster
208: .It ControlPath
1.91 djm 209: .It ControlPersist
1.46 jmc 210: .It GlobalKnownHostsFile
211: .It GSSAPIAuthentication
212: .It GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
1.61 jmc 213: .It HashKnownHosts
1.46 jmc 214: .It Host
215: .It HostbasedAuthentication
1.101 djm 216: .It HostbasedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 217: .It HostKeyAlgorithms
218: .It HostKeyAlias
219: .It HostName
1.104 jmc 220: .It IdentitiesOnly
1.103 markus 221: .It IdentityAgent
1.46 jmc 222: .It IdentityFile
1.87 jmc 223: .It IPQoS
1.91 djm 224: .It KbdInteractiveAuthentication
1.58 djm 225: .It KbdInteractiveDevices
1.86 jmc 226: .It KexAlgorithms
1.46 jmc 227: .It LogLevel
228: .It MACs
229: .It NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
230: .It NumberOfPasswordPrompts
231: .It PasswordAuthentication
1.83 markus 232: .It PKCS11Provider
1.46 jmc 233: .It Port
234: .It PreferredAuthentications
235: .It ProxyCommand
1.105 jmc 236: .It ProxyJump
1.108 jmc 237: .It PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 238: .It PubkeyAuthentication
1.63 dtucker 239: .It RekeyLimit
1.53 jmc 240: .It SendEnv
1.49 markus 241: .It ServerAliveInterval
242: .It ServerAliveCountMax
1.46 jmc 243: .It StrictHostKeyChecking
1.48 markus 244: .It TCPKeepAlive
1.100 djm 245: .It UpdateHostKeys
1.46 jmc 246: .It UsePrivilegedPort
247: .It User
248: .It UserKnownHostsFile
249: .It VerifyHostKeyDNS
250: .El
1.72 djm 251: .It Fl P Ar port
252: Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
1.74 djm 253: .It Fl p
254: Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
255: original files transferred.
1.70 djm 256: .It Fl q
257: Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and
258: diagnostic messages from
259: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.30 djm 260: .It Fl R Ar num_requests
1.44 jmc 261: Specify how many requests may be outstanding at any one time.
262: Increasing this may slightly improve file transfer speed
263: but will increase memory usage.
1.67 djm 264: The default is 64 outstanding requests.
1.74 djm 265: .It Fl r
266: Recursively copy entire directories when uploading and downloading.
267: Note that
268: .Nm
269: does not follow symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
1.26 stevesk 270: .It Fl S Ar program
271: Name of the
272: .Ar program
273: to use for the encrypted connection.
274: The program must understand
275: .Xr ssh 1
276: options.
1.46 jmc 277: .It Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
278: Specifies the SSH2 subsystem or the path for an sftp server
279: on the remote host.
1.109 jmc 280: A path is useful when the remote
1.46 jmc 281: .Xr sshd 8
282: does not have an sftp subsystem configured.
283: .It Fl v
284: Raise logging level.
285: This option is also passed to ssh.
1.1 djm 286: .El
287: .Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
1.2 djm 288: Once in interactive mode,
289: .Nm
1.21 itojun 290: understands a set of commands similar to those of
1.1 djm 291: .Xr ftp 1 .
1.60 jaredy 292: Commands are case insensitive.
293: Pathnames that contain spaces must be enclosed in quotes.
294: Any special characters contained within pathnames that are recognized by
295: .Xr glob 3
296: must be escaped with backslashes
297: .Pq Sq \e .
298: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.22 markus 299: .It Ic bye
1.44 jmc 300: Quit
301: .Nm sftp .
1.3 deraadt 302: .It Ic cd Ar path
1.21 itojun 303: Change remote directory to
1.3 deraadt 304: .Ar path .
305: .It Ic chgrp Ar grp Ar path
1.21 itojun 306: Change group of file
1.5 stevesk 307: .Ar path
308: to
1.1 djm 309: .Ar grp .
1.60 jaredy 310: .Ar path
311: may contain
312: .Xr glob 3
313: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 314: .Ar grp
1.5 stevesk 315: must be a numeric GID.
1.3 deraadt 316: .It Ic chmod Ar mode Ar path
1.21 itojun 317: Change permissions of file
1.5 stevesk 318: .Ar path
319: to
1.3 deraadt 320: .Ar mode .
1.60 jaredy 321: .Ar path
322: may contain
323: .Xr glob 3
324: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 325: .It Ic chown Ar own Ar path
1.21 itojun 326: Change owner of file
1.5 stevesk 327: .Ar path
328: to
1.1 djm 329: .Ar own .
1.60 jaredy 330: .Ar path
331: may contain
332: .Xr glob 3
333: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 334: .Ar own
335: must be a numeric UID.
1.65 djm 336: .It Xo Ic df
337: .Op Fl hi
338: .Op Ar path
339: .Xc
340: Display usage information for the filesystem holding the current directory
341: (or
342: .Ar path
343: if specified).
344: If the
345: .Fl h
346: flag is specified, the capacity information will be displayed using
347: "human-readable" suffixes.
348: The
349: .Fl i
350: flag requests display of inode information in addition to capacity information.
351: This command is only supported on servers that implement the
352: .Dq statvfs@openssh.com
353: extension.
1.11 deraadt 354: .It Ic exit
1.44 jmc 355: Quit
356: .Nm sftp .
1.7 djm 357: .It Xo Ic get
1.95 djm 358: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 359: .Ar remote-path
360: .Op Ar local-path
361: .Xc
1.1 djm 362: Retrieve the
1.5 stevesk 363: .Ar remote-path
1.1 djm 364: and store it on the local machine.
365: If the local
1.21 itojun 366: path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the
1.44 jmc 367: remote machine.
1.60 jaredy 368: .Ar remote-path
369: may contain
370: .Xr glob 3
371: characters and may match multiple files.
372: If it does and
373: .Ar local-path
374: is specified, then
375: .Ar local-path
376: must specify a directory.
1.74 djm 377: .Pp
1.92 djm 378: If the
379: .Fl a
380: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial transfers of existing files.
381: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the local file matches
382: the remote copy.
1.93 djm 383: If the remote file contents differ from the partial local copy then the
384: resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.92 djm 385: .Pp
1.95 djm 386: If the
387: .Fl f
388: flag is specified, then
389: .Xr fsync 2
1.96 jmc 390: will be called after the file transfer has completed to flush the file
1.95 djm 391: to disk.
392: .Pp
1.76 jmc 393: If either the
1.75 djm 394: .Fl P
1.74 djm 395: or
396: .Fl p
1.60 jaredy 397: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 398: copied too.
1.74 djm 399: .Pp
400: If the
401: .Fl r
402: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
403: Note that
404: .Nm
405: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.11 deraadt 406: .It Ic help
407: Display help text.
1.46 jmc 408: .It Ic lcd Ar path
409: Change local directory to
410: .Ar path .
1.3 deraadt 411: .It Ic lls Op Ar ls-options Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 412: Display local directory listing of either
1.1 djm 413: .Ar path
414: or current directory if
415: .Ar path
1.5 stevesk 416: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 417: .Ar ls-options
418: may contain any flags supported by the local system's
419: .Xr ls 1
420: command.
421: .Ar path
422: may contain
423: .Xr glob 3
424: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 425: .It Ic lmkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 426: Create local directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 427: .Ar path .
1.88 djm 428: .It Xo Ic ln
429: .Op Fl s
430: .Ar oldpath
431: .Ar newpath
432: .Xc
433: Create a link from
1.12 djm 434: .Ar oldpath
435: to
436: .Ar newpath .
1.88 djm 437: If the
438: .Fl s
439: flag is specified the created link is a symbolic link, otherwise it is
440: a hard link.
1.3 deraadt 441: .It Ic lpwd
442: Print local working directory.
1.36 djm 443: .It Xo Ic ls
1.82 jmc 444: .Op Fl 1afhlnrSt
1.36 djm 445: .Op Ar path
446: .Xc
1.60 jaredy 447: Display a remote directory listing of either
1.1 djm 448: .Ar path
1.60 jaredy 449: or the current directory if
1.5 stevesk 450: .Ar path
1.44 jmc 451: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 452: .Ar path
453: may contain
454: .Xr glob 3
455: characters and may match multiple files.
456: .Pp
457: The following flags are recognized and alter the behaviour of
458: .Ic ls
459: accordingly:
460: .Bl -tag -width Ds
461: .It Fl 1
462: Produce single columnar output.
463: .It Fl a
464: List files beginning with a dot
465: .Pq Sq \&. .
466: .It Fl f
467: Do not sort the listing.
468: The default sort order is lexicographical.
1.81 djm 469: .It Fl h
470: When used with a long format option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte,
471: Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, and Exabyte in order to reduce
472: the number of digits to four or fewer using powers of 2 for sizes (K=1024,
473: M=1048576, etc.).
1.82 jmc 474: .It Fl l
475: Display additional details including permissions
476: and ownership information.
1.60 jaredy 477: .It Fl n
478: Produce a long listing with user and group information presented
1.56 djm 479: numerically.
1.60 jaredy 480: .It Fl r
481: Reverse the sort order of the listing.
482: .It Fl S
483: Sort the listing by file size.
484: .It Fl t
485: Sort the listing by last modification time.
486: .El
1.3 deraadt 487: .It Ic lumask Ar umask
1.21 itojun 488: Set local umask to
1.3 deraadt 489: .Ar umask .
490: .It Ic mkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 491: Create remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 492: .Ar path .
1.40 fgsch 493: .It Ic progress
494: Toggle display of progress meter.
1.7 djm 495: .It Xo Ic put
1.98 logan 496: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 497: .Ar local-path
1.37 djm 498: .Op Ar remote-path
1.7 djm 499: .Xc
1.1 djm 500: Upload
1.5 stevesk 501: .Ar local-path
1.44 jmc 502: and store it on the remote machine.
503: If the remote path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has
504: on the local machine.
1.60 jaredy 505: .Ar local-path
506: may contain
507: .Xr glob 3
508: characters and may match multiple files.
509: If it does and
510: .Ar remote-path
511: is specified, then
512: .Ar remote-path
513: must specify a directory.
1.95 djm 514: .Pp
515: If the
1.99 jmc 516: .Fl a
1.98 logan 517: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial
518: transfers of existing files.
1.99 jmc 519: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the remote file
1.98 logan 520: matches the local copy.
521: If the local file contents differ from the remote local copy then
522: the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
523: .Pp
524: If the
1.95 djm 525: .Fl f
526: flag is specified, then a request will be sent to the server to call
527: .Xr fsync 2
528: after the file has been transferred.
529: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
530: the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.74 djm 531: .Pp
1.90 dtucker 532: If either the
1.7 djm 533: .Fl P
1.74 djm 534: or
535: .Fl p
536: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 537: copied too.
1.74 djm 538: .Pp
539: If the
540: .Fl r
541: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
542: Note that
543: .Nm
544: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.3 deraadt 545: .It Ic pwd
546: Display remote working directory.
547: .It Ic quit
1.44 jmc 548: Quit
549: .Nm sftp .
1.92 djm 550: .It Xo Ic reget
551: .Op Fl Ppr
552: .Ar remote-path
553: .Op Ar local-path
554: .Xc
555: Resume download of
556: .Ar remote-path .
557: Equivalent to
558: .Ic get
559: with the
1.98 logan 560: .Fl a
561: flag set.
562: .It Xo Ic reput
563: .Op Fl Ppr
564: .Op Ar local-path
565: .Ar remote-path
566: .Xc
567: Resume upload of
568: .Op Ar local-path .
569: Equivalent to
570: .Ic put
1.99 jmc 571: with the
1.92 djm 572: .Fl a
573: flag set.
1.3 deraadt 574: .It Ic rename Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.1 djm 575: Rename remote file from
576: .Ar oldpath
577: to
1.3 deraadt 578: .Ar newpath .
1.46 jmc 579: .It Ic rm Ar path
580: Delete remote file specified by
581: .Ar path .
1.3 deraadt 582: .It Ic rmdir Ar path
1.1 djm 583: Remove remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 584: .Ar path .
1.12 djm 585: .It Ic symlink Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.21 itojun 586: Create a symbolic link from
1.12 djm 587: .Ar oldpath
588: to
589: .Ar newpath .
1.38 fgsch 590: .It Ic version
591: Display the
592: .Nm
593: protocol version.
1.69 sobrado 594: .It Ic \&! Ns Ar command
1.21 itojun 595: Execute
1.1 djm 596: .Ar command
1.3 deraadt 597: in local shell.
1.45 jmc 598: .It Ic \&!
1.3 deraadt 599: Escape to local shell.
1.45 jmc 600: .It Ic \&?
1.5 stevesk 601: Synonym for help.
1.4 itojun 602: .El
1.1 djm 603: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.46 jmc 604: .Xr ftp 1 ,
1.60 jaredy 605: .Xr ls 1 ,
1.17 markus 606: .Xr scp 1 ,
1.1 djm 607: .Xr ssh 1 ,
608: .Xr ssh-add 1 ,
609: .Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
1.60 jaredy 610: .Xr glob 3 ,
1.35 stevesk 611: .Xr ssh_config 5 ,
1.17 markus 612: .Xr sftp-server 8 ,
613: .Xr sshd 8
614: .Rs
1.20 deraadt 615: .%A T. Ylonen
616: .%A S. Lehtinen
1.17 markus 617: .%T "SSH File Transfer Protocol"
618: .%N draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-00.txt
619: .%D January 2001
620: .%O work in progress material
621: .Re