Annotation of src/usr.bin/ssh/sftp.1, Revision 1.113
1.113 ! djm 1: .\" $OpenBSD: sftp.1,v 1.112 2017/10/25 06:19:46 jmc Exp $
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1.9 deraadt 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2001 Damien Miller. All rights reserved.
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1.113 ! djm 25: .Dd $Mdocdate: October 25 2017 $
1.1 djm 26: .Dt SFTP 1
27: .Os
28: .Sh NAME
29: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 30: .Nd secure file transfer program
1.1 djm 31: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.43 jmc 32: .Nm sftp
1.106 djm 33: .Op Fl 46aCfpqrv
1.46 jmc 34: .Op Fl B Ar buffer_size
1.29 markus 35: .Op Fl b Ar batchfile
1.70 djm 36: .Op Fl c Ar cipher
1.72 djm 37: .Op Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
1.46 jmc 38: .Op Fl F Ar ssh_config
1.73 jmc 39: .Op Fl i Ar identity_file
1.85 djm 40: .Op Fl l Ar limit
1.29 markus 41: .Op Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.72 djm 42: .Op Fl P Ar port
1.30 djm 43: .Op Fl R Ar num_requests
1.26 stevesk 44: .Op Fl S Ar program
1.46 jmc 45: .Op Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
1.111 millert 46: .Ar destination
1.1 djm 47: .Sh DESCRIPTION
48: .Nm
1.111 millert 49: is a file transfer program, similar to
1.1 djm 50: .Xr ftp 1 ,
51: which performs all operations over an encrypted
52: .Xr ssh 1
53: transport.
54: It may also use many features of ssh, such as public key authentication and
55: compression.
1.111 millert 56: .Pp
57: The
58: .Ar destination
59: may be specified either as
1.112 jmc 60: .Sm off
61: .Oo user @ Oc host Op : path
62: .Sm on
63: or as a URI in the form
64: .Sm off
65: .No sftp:// Oo user @ Oc host Oo : port Oc Op / path .
66: .Sm on
1.111 millert 67: .Pp
68: If the
69: .Ar destination
70: includes a
71: .Ar path
72: and it is not a directory,
1.1 djm 73: .Nm
1.111 millert 74: will retrieve files automatically if a non-interactive
1.18 stevesk 75: authentication method is used; otherwise it will do so after
76: successful interactive authentication.
1.15 mouring 77: .Pp
1.111 millert 78: If no
79: .Ar path
80: is specified, or if the
81: .Ar path
82: is a directory,
1.60 jaredy 83: .Nm
1.111 millert 84: will log in to the specified
85: .Ar host
86: and enter interactive command mode, changing to the remote directory
87: if one was specified.
88: An optional trailing slash can be used to force the
89: .Ar path
90: to be interpreted as a directory.
1.1 djm 91: .Pp
1.111 millert 92: Since the destination formats use colon characters to delimit host
93: names from path names or port numbers, IPv6 addresses must be
94: enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity.
1.89 djm 95: .Pp
1.1 djm 96: The options are as follows:
97: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.70 djm 98: .It Fl 4
99: Forces
100: .Nm
101: to use IPv4 addresses only.
102: .It Fl 6
103: Forces
104: .Nm
105: to use IPv6 addresses only.
1.94 jmc 106: .It Fl a
1.99 jmc 107: Attempt to continue interrupted transfers rather than overwriting
1.98 logan 108: existing partial or complete copies of files.
1.99 jmc 109: If the partial contents differ from those being transferred,
1.98 logan 110: then the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.46 jmc 111: .It Fl B Ar buffer_size
112: Specify the size of the buffer that
113: .Nm
114: uses when transferring files.
115: Larger buffers require fewer round trips at the cost of higher
116: memory consumption.
117: The default is 32768 bytes.
1.10 deraadt 118: .It Fl b Ar batchfile
119: Batch mode reads a series of commands from an input
1.13 stevesk 120: .Ar batchfile
1.10 deraadt 121: instead of
1.13 stevesk 122: .Em stdin .
123: Since it lacks user interaction it should be used in conjunction with
1.111 millert 124: non-interactive authentication to obviate the need to enter a password
125: at connection time (see
126: .Xr sshd 8
127: and
128: .Xr ssh-keygen 1
129: for details).
1.50 djm 130: A
1.51 jmc 131: .Ar batchfile
132: of
133: .Sq \-
1.50 djm 134: may be used to indicate standard input.
1.13 stevesk 135: .Nm
1.21 itojun 136: will abort if any of the following
137: commands fail:
1.98 logan 138: .Ic get , put , reget , reput, rename , ln ,
1.41 jmc 139: .Ic rm , mkdir , chdir , ls ,
1.66 jmc 140: .Ic lchdir , chmod , chown ,
1.88 djm 141: .Ic chgrp , lpwd , df , symlink ,
1.10 deraadt 142: and
1.13 stevesk 143: .Ic lmkdir .
1.41 jmc 144: Termination on error can be suppressed on a command by command basis by
145: prefixing the command with a
1.51 jmc 146: .Sq \-
1.44 jmc 147: character (for example,
148: .Ic -rm /tmp/blah* ) .
1.71 jmc 149: .It Fl C
150: Enables compression (via ssh's
151: .Fl C
152: flag).
1.70 djm 153: .It Fl c Ar cipher
154: Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfers.
155: This option is directly passed to
156: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.72 djm 157: .It Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
158: Connect directly to a local sftp server
159: (rather than via
160: .Xr ssh 1 ) .
161: This option may be useful in debugging the client and server.
1.46 jmc 162: .It Fl F Ar ssh_config
163: Specifies an alternative
164: per-user configuration file for
165: .Xr ssh 1 .
166: This option is directly passed to
167: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.95 djm 168: .It Fl f
169: Requests that files be flushed to disk immediately after transfer.
170: When uploading files, this feature is only enabled if the server
171: implements the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.70 djm 172: .It Fl i Ar identity_file
173: Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key
174: authentication is read.
175: This option is directly passed to
176: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.85 djm 177: .It Fl l Ar limit
178: Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
1.1 djm 179: .It Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.23 stevesk 180: Can be used to pass options to
181: .Nm ssh
1.35 stevesk 182: in the format used in
183: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
184: This is useful for specifying options
1.23 stevesk 185: for which there is no separate
186: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 187: command-line flag.
188: For example, to specify an alternate port use:
1.26 stevesk 189: .Ic sftp -oPort=24 .
1.46 jmc 190: For full details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see
191: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
192: .Pp
193: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
194: .It AddressFamily
195: .It BatchMode
196: .It BindAddress
1.97 djm 197: .It CanonicalDomains
198: .It CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
199: .It CanonicalizeHostname
200: .It CanonicalizeMaxDots
201: .It CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
1.102 jmc 202: .It CertificateFile
1.46 jmc 203: .It ChallengeResponseAuthentication
204: .It CheckHostIP
205: .It Ciphers
206: .It Compression
1.110 naddy 207: .It ConnectionAttempts
1.54 dtucker 208: .It ConnectTimeout
1.55 djm 209: .It ControlMaster
210: .It ControlPath
1.91 djm 211: .It ControlPersist
1.46 jmc 212: .It GlobalKnownHostsFile
213: .It GSSAPIAuthentication
214: .It GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
1.61 jmc 215: .It HashKnownHosts
1.46 jmc 216: .It Host
217: .It HostbasedAuthentication
1.101 djm 218: .It HostbasedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 219: .It HostKeyAlgorithms
220: .It HostKeyAlias
221: .It HostName
1.104 jmc 222: .It IdentitiesOnly
1.103 markus 223: .It IdentityAgent
1.46 jmc 224: .It IdentityFile
1.87 jmc 225: .It IPQoS
1.91 djm 226: .It KbdInteractiveAuthentication
1.58 djm 227: .It KbdInteractiveDevices
1.86 jmc 228: .It KexAlgorithms
1.46 jmc 229: .It LogLevel
230: .It MACs
231: .It NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
232: .It NumberOfPasswordPrompts
233: .It PasswordAuthentication
1.83 markus 234: .It PKCS11Provider
1.46 jmc 235: .It Port
236: .It PreferredAuthentications
237: .It ProxyCommand
1.105 jmc 238: .It ProxyJump
1.108 jmc 239: .It PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 240: .It PubkeyAuthentication
1.63 dtucker 241: .It RekeyLimit
1.53 jmc 242: .It SendEnv
1.49 markus 243: .It ServerAliveInterval
244: .It ServerAliveCountMax
1.46 jmc 245: .It StrictHostKeyChecking
1.48 markus 246: .It TCPKeepAlive
1.100 djm 247: .It UpdateHostKeys
1.46 jmc 248: .It UsePrivilegedPort
249: .It User
250: .It UserKnownHostsFile
251: .It VerifyHostKeyDNS
252: .El
1.72 djm 253: .It Fl P Ar port
254: Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
1.74 djm 255: .It Fl p
256: Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
257: original files transferred.
1.70 djm 258: .It Fl q
259: Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and
260: diagnostic messages from
261: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.30 djm 262: .It Fl R Ar num_requests
1.44 jmc 263: Specify how many requests may be outstanding at any one time.
264: Increasing this may slightly improve file transfer speed
265: but will increase memory usage.
1.67 djm 266: The default is 64 outstanding requests.
1.74 djm 267: .It Fl r
268: Recursively copy entire directories when uploading and downloading.
269: Note that
270: .Nm
271: does not follow symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
1.26 stevesk 272: .It Fl S Ar program
273: Name of the
274: .Ar program
275: to use for the encrypted connection.
276: The program must understand
277: .Xr ssh 1
278: options.
1.46 jmc 279: .It Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
280: Specifies the SSH2 subsystem or the path for an sftp server
281: on the remote host.
1.109 jmc 282: A path is useful when the remote
1.46 jmc 283: .Xr sshd 8
284: does not have an sftp subsystem configured.
285: .It Fl v
286: Raise logging level.
287: This option is also passed to ssh.
1.1 djm 288: .El
289: .Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
1.2 djm 290: Once in interactive mode,
291: .Nm
1.21 itojun 292: understands a set of commands similar to those of
1.1 djm 293: .Xr ftp 1 .
1.60 jaredy 294: Commands are case insensitive.
295: Pathnames that contain spaces must be enclosed in quotes.
296: Any special characters contained within pathnames that are recognized by
297: .Xr glob 3
298: must be escaped with backslashes
299: .Pq Sq \e .
300: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.22 markus 301: .It Ic bye
1.44 jmc 302: Quit
303: .Nm sftp .
1.113 ! djm 304: .It Ic cd Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 305: Change remote directory to
1.3 deraadt 306: .Ar path .
1.113 ! djm 307: If
! 308: .Ar path
! 309: is not specified, then change directory to the one the session started in.
1.3 deraadt 310: .It Ic chgrp Ar grp Ar path
1.21 itojun 311: Change group of file
1.5 stevesk 312: .Ar path
313: to
1.1 djm 314: .Ar grp .
1.60 jaredy 315: .Ar path
316: may contain
317: .Xr glob 3
318: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 319: .Ar grp
1.5 stevesk 320: must be a numeric GID.
1.3 deraadt 321: .It Ic chmod Ar mode Ar path
1.21 itojun 322: Change permissions of file
1.5 stevesk 323: .Ar path
324: to
1.3 deraadt 325: .Ar mode .
1.60 jaredy 326: .Ar path
327: may contain
328: .Xr glob 3
329: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 330: .It Ic chown Ar own Ar path
1.21 itojun 331: Change owner of file
1.5 stevesk 332: .Ar path
333: to
1.1 djm 334: .Ar own .
1.60 jaredy 335: .Ar path
336: may contain
337: .Xr glob 3
338: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 339: .Ar own
340: must be a numeric UID.
1.65 djm 341: .It Xo Ic df
342: .Op Fl hi
343: .Op Ar path
344: .Xc
345: Display usage information for the filesystem holding the current directory
346: (or
347: .Ar path
348: if specified).
349: If the
350: .Fl h
351: flag is specified, the capacity information will be displayed using
352: "human-readable" suffixes.
353: The
354: .Fl i
355: flag requests display of inode information in addition to capacity information.
356: This command is only supported on servers that implement the
357: .Dq statvfs@openssh.com
358: extension.
1.11 deraadt 359: .It Ic exit
1.44 jmc 360: Quit
361: .Nm sftp .
1.7 djm 362: .It Xo Ic get
1.95 djm 363: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 364: .Ar remote-path
365: .Op Ar local-path
366: .Xc
1.1 djm 367: Retrieve the
1.5 stevesk 368: .Ar remote-path
1.1 djm 369: and store it on the local machine.
370: If the local
1.21 itojun 371: path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the
1.44 jmc 372: remote machine.
1.60 jaredy 373: .Ar remote-path
374: may contain
375: .Xr glob 3
376: characters and may match multiple files.
377: If it does and
378: .Ar local-path
379: is specified, then
380: .Ar local-path
381: must specify a directory.
1.74 djm 382: .Pp
1.92 djm 383: If the
384: .Fl a
385: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial transfers of existing files.
386: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the local file matches
387: the remote copy.
1.93 djm 388: If the remote file contents differ from the partial local copy then the
389: resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.92 djm 390: .Pp
1.95 djm 391: If the
392: .Fl f
393: flag is specified, then
394: .Xr fsync 2
1.96 jmc 395: will be called after the file transfer has completed to flush the file
1.95 djm 396: to disk.
397: .Pp
1.76 jmc 398: If either the
1.75 djm 399: .Fl P
1.74 djm 400: or
401: .Fl p
1.60 jaredy 402: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 403: copied too.
1.74 djm 404: .Pp
405: If the
406: .Fl r
407: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
408: Note that
409: .Nm
410: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.11 deraadt 411: .It Ic help
412: Display help text.
1.113 ! djm 413: .It Ic lcd Op Ar path
1.46 jmc 414: Change local directory to
415: .Ar path .
1.113 ! djm 416: If
! 417: .Ar path
! 418: is not specified, then change directory to the local user's home directory.
1.3 deraadt 419: .It Ic lls Op Ar ls-options Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 420: Display local directory listing of either
1.1 djm 421: .Ar path
422: or current directory if
423: .Ar path
1.5 stevesk 424: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 425: .Ar ls-options
426: may contain any flags supported by the local system's
427: .Xr ls 1
428: command.
429: .Ar path
430: may contain
431: .Xr glob 3
432: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 433: .It Ic lmkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 434: Create local directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 435: .Ar path .
1.88 djm 436: .It Xo Ic ln
437: .Op Fl s
438: .Ar oldpath
439: .Ar newpath
440: .Xc
441: Create a link from
1.12 djm 442: .Ar oldpath
443: to
444: .Ar newpath .
1.88 djm 445: If the
446: .Fl s
447: flag is specified the created link is a symbolic link, otherwise it is
448: a hard link.
1.3 deraadt 449: .It Ic lpwd
450: Print local working directory.
1.36 djm 451: .It Xo Ic ls
1.82 jmc 452: .Op Fl 1afhlnrSt
1.36 djm 453: .Op Ar path
454: .Xc
1.60 jaredy 455: Display a remote directory listing of either
1.1 djm 456: .Ar path
1.60 jaredy 457: or the current directory if
1.5 stevesk 458: .Ar path
1.44 jmc 459: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 460: .Ar path
461: may contain
462: .Xr glob 3
463: characters and may match multiple files.
464: .Pp
465: The following flags are recognized and alter the behaviour of
466: .Ic ls
467: accordingly:
468: .Bl -tag -width Ds
469: .It Fl 1
470: Produce single columnar output.
471: .It Fl a
472: List files beginning with a dot
473: .Pq Sq \&. .
474: .It Fl f
475: Do not sort the listing.
476: The default sort order is lexicographical.
1.81 djm 477: .It Fl h
478: When used with a long format option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte,
479: Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, and Exabyte in order to reduce
480: the number of digits to four or fewer using powers of 2 for sizes (K=1024,
481: M=1048576, etc.).
1.82 jmc 482: .It Fl l
483: Display additional details including permissions
484: and ownership information.
1.60 jaredy 485: .It Fl n
486: Produce a long listing with user and group information presented
1.56 djm 487: numerically.
1.60 jaredy 488: .It Fl r
489: Reverse the sort order of the listing.
490: .It Fl S
491: Sort the listing by file size.
492: .It Fl t
493: Sort the listing by last modification time.
494: .El
1.3 deraadt 495: .It Ic lumask Ar umask
1.21 itojun 496: Set local umask to
1.3 deraadt 497: .Ar umask .
498: .It Ic mkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 499: Create remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 500: .Ar path .
1.40 fgsch 501: .It Ic progress
502: Toggle display of progress meter.
1.7 djm 503: .It Xo Ic put
1.98 logan 504: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 505: .Ar local-path
1.37 djm 506: .Op Ar remote-path
1.7 djm 507: .Xc
1.1 djm 508: Upload
1.5 stevesk 509: .Ar local-path
1.44 jmc 510: and store it on the remote machine.
511: If the remote path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has
512: on the local machine.
1.60 jaredy 513: .Ar local-path
514: may contain
515: .Xr glob 3
516: characters and may match multiple files.
517: If it does and
518: .Ar remote-path
519: is specified, then
520: .Ar remote-path
521: must specify a directory.
1.95 djm 522: .Pp
523: If the
1.99 jmc 524: .Fl a
1.98 logan 525: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial
526: transfers of existing files.
1.99 jmc 527: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the remote file
1.98 logan 528: matches the local copy.
529: If the local file contents differ from the remote local copy then
530: the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
531: .Pp
532: If the
1.95 djm 533: .Fl f
534: flag is specified, then a request will be sent to the server to call
535: .Xr fsync 2
536: after the file has been transferred.
537: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
538: the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.74 djm 539: .Pp
1.90 dtucker 540: If either the
1.7 djm 541: .Fl P
1.74 djm 542: or
543: .Fl p
544: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 545: copied too.
1.74 djm 546: .Pp
547: If the
548: .Fl r
549: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
550: Note that
551: .Nm
552: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.3 deraadt 553: .It Ic pwd
554: Display remote working directory.
555: .It Ic quit
1.44 jmc 556: Quit
557: .Nm sftp .
1.92 djm 558: .It Xo Ic reget
559: .Op Fl Ppr
560: .Ar remote-path
561: .Op Ar local-path
562: .Xc
563: Resume download of
564: .Ar remote-path .
565: Equivalent to
566: .Ic get
567: with the
1.98 logan 568: .Fl a
569: flag set.
570: .It Xo Ic reput
571: .Op Fl Ppr
572: .Op Ar local-path
573: .Ar remote-path
574: .Xc
575: Resume upload of
576: .Op Ar local-path .
577: Equivalent to
578: .Ic put
1.99 jmc 579: with the
1.92 djm 580: .Fl a
581: flag set.
1.3 deraadt 582: .It Ic rename Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.1 djm 583: Rename remote file from
584: .Ar oldpath
585: to
1.3 deraadt 586: .Ar newpath .
1.46 jmc 587: .It Ic rm Ar path
588: Delete remote file specified by
589: .Ar path .
1.3 deraadt 590: .It Ic rmdir Ar path
1.1 djm 591: Remove remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 592: .Ar path .
1.12 djm 593: .It Ic symlink Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.21 itojun 594: Create a symbolic link from
1.12 djm 595: .Ar oldpath
596: to
597: .Ar newpath .
1.38 fgsch 598: .It Ic version
599: Display the
600: .Nm
601: protocol version.
1.69 sobrado 602: .It Ic \&! Ns Ar command
1.21 itojun 603: Execute
1.1 djm 604: .Ar command
1.3 deraadt 605: in local shell.
1.45 jmc 606: .It Ic \&!
1.3 deraadt 607: Escape to local shell.
1.45 jmc 608: .It Ic \&?
1.5 stevesk 609: Synonym for help.
1.4 itojun 610: .El
1.1 djm 611: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.46 jmc 612: .Xr ftp 1 ,
1.60 jaredy 613: .Xr ls 1 ,
1.17 markus 614: .Xr scp 1 ,
1.1 djm 615: .Xr ssh 1 ,
616: .Xr ssh-add 1 ,
617: .Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
1.60 jaredy 618: .Xr glob 3 ,
1.35 stevesk 619: .Xr ssh_config 5 ,
1.17 markus 620: .Xr sftp-server 8 ,
621: .Xr sshd 8
622: .Rs
1.20 deraadt 623: .%A T. Ylonen
624: .%A S. Lehtinen
1.17 markus 625: .%T "SSH File Transfer Protocol"
626: .%N draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-00.txt
627: .%D January 2001
628: .%O work in progress material
629: .Re