Annotation of src/usr.bin/ssh/sftp.1, Revision 1.122
1.122 ! djm 1: .\" $OpenBSD: sftp.1,v 1.121 2018/11/13 07:22:45 schwarze Exp $
1.1 djm 2: .\"
1.9 deraadt 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2001 Damien Miller. All rights reserved.
1.1 djm 4: .\"
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6: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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1.122 ! djm 25: .Dd $Mdocdate: November 13 2018 $
1.1 djm 26: .Dt SFTP 1
27: .Os
28: .Sh NAME
29: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 30: .Nd secure file transfer program
1.1 djm 31: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.43 jmc 32: .Nm sftp
1.106 djm 33: .Op Fl 46aCfpqrv
1.46 jmc 34: .Op Fl B Ar buffer_size
1.29 markus 35: .Op Fl b Ar batchfile
1.70 djm 36: .Op Fl c Ar cipher
1.72 djm 37: .Op Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
1.46 jmc 38: .Op Fl F Ar ssh_config
1.73 jmc 39: .Op Fl i Ar identity_file
1.85 djm 40: .Op Fl l Ar limit
1.29 markus 41: .Op Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.72 djm 42: .Op Fl P Ar port
1.30 djm 43: .Op Fl R Ar num_requests
1.26 stevesk 44: .Op Fl S Ar program
1.46 jmc 45: .Op Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
1.111 millert 46: .Ar destination
1.1 djm 47: .Sh DESCRIPTION
48: .Nm
1.111 millert 49: is a file transfer program, similar to
1.1 djm 50: .Xr ftp 1 ,
51: which performs all operations over an encrypted
52: .Xr ssh 1
53: transport.
54: It may also use many features of ssh, such as public key authentication and
55: compression.
1.111 millert 56: .Pp
57: The
58: .Ar destination
59: may be specified either as
1.112 jmc 60: .Sm off
61: .Oo user @ Oc host Op : path
62: .Sm on
63: or as a URI in the form
64: .Sm off
65: .No sftp:// Oo user @ Oc host Oo : port Oc Op / path .
66: .Sm on
1.111 millert 67: .Pp
68: If the
69: .Ar destination
70: includes a
71: .Ar path
72: and it is not a directory,
1.1 djm 73: .Nm
1.111 millert 74: will retrieve files automatically if a non-interactive
1.18 stevesk 75: authentication method is used; otherwise it will do so after
76: successful interactive authentication.
1.15 mouring 77: .Pp
1.111 millert 78: If no
79: .Ar path
80: is specified, or if the
81: .Ar path
82: is a directory,
1.60 jaredy 83: .Nm
1.111 millert 84: will log in to the specified
85: .Ar host
86: and enter interactive command mode, changing to the remote directory
87: if one was specified.
88: An optional trailing slash can be used to force the
89: .Ar path
90: to be interpreted as a directory.
1.1 djm 91: .Pp
1.111 millert 92: Since the destination formats use colon characters to delimit host
93: names from path names or port numbers, IPv6 addresses must be
94: enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity.
1.89 djm 95: .Pp
1.1 djm 96: The options are as follows:
97: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.70 djm 98: .It Fl 4
99: Forces
100: .Nm
101: to use IPv4 addresses only.
102: .It Fl 6
103: Forces
104: .Nm
105: to use IPv6 addresses only.
1.94 jmc 106: .It Fl a
1.99 jmc 107: Attempt to continue interrupted transfers rather than overwriting
1.98 logan 108: existing partial or complete copies of files.
1.99 jmc 109: If the partial contents differ from those being transferred,
1.98 logan 110: then the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.46 jmc 111: .It Fl B Ar buffer_size
112: Specify the size of the buffer that
113: .Nm
114: uses when transferring files.
115: Larger buffers require fewer round trips at the cost of higher
116: memory consumption.
117: The default is 32768 bytes.
1.10 deraadt 118: .It Fl b Ar batchfile
119: Batch mode reads a series of commands from an input
1.13 stevesk 120: .Ar batchfile
1.10 deraadt 121: instead of
1.13 stevesk 122: .Em stdin .
123: Since it lacks user interaction it should be used in conjunction with
1.111 millert 124: non-interactive authentication to obviate the need to enter a password
125: at connection time (see
126: .Xr sshd 8
127: and
128: .Xr ssh-keygen 1
129: for details).
1.122 ! djm 130: .Pp
1.50 djm 131: A
1.51 jmc 132: .Ar batchfile
133: of
134: .Sq \-
1.50 djm 135: may be used to indicate standard input.
1.13 stevesk 136: .Nm
1.21 itojun 137: will abort if any of the following
138: commands fail:
1.121 schwarze 139: .Ic get , put , reget , reput , rename , ln ,
1.41 jmc 140: .Ic rm , mkdir , chdir , ls ,
1.66 jmc 141: .Ic lchdir , chmod , chown ,
1.88 djm 142: .Ic chgrp , lpwd , df , symlink ,
1.10 deraadt 143: and
1.13 stevesk 144: .Ic lmkdir .
1.122 ! djm 145: .Pp
1.41 jmc 146: Termination on error can be suppressed on a command by command basis by
147: prefixing the command with a
1.51 jmc 148: .Sq \-
1.44 jmc 149: character (for example,
150: .Ic -rm /tmp/blah* ) .
1.122 ! djm 151: Echo of the command may be suppressed by prefixing the command with a
! 152: .Sq @
! 153: character.
! 154: These two prefixes may be combined in any order, for example
! 155: .Ic -@ls /bsd .
1.71 jmc 156: .It Fl C
157: Enables compression (via ssh's
158: .Fl C
159: flag).
1.70 djm 160: .It Fl c Ar cipher
161: Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfers.
162: This option is directly passed to
163: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.72 djm 164: .It Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
165: Connect directly to a local sftp server
166: (rather than via
167: .Xr ssh 1 ) .
168: This option may be useful in debugging the client and server.
1.46 jmc 169: .It Fl F Ar ssh_config
170: Specifies an alternative
171: per-user configuration file for
172: .Xr ssh 1 .
173: This option is directly passed to
174: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.95 djm 175: .It Fl f
176: Requests that files be flushed to disk immediately after transfer.
177: When uploading files, this feature is only enabled if the server
178: implements the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.70 djm 179: .It Fl i Ar identity_file
180: Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key
181: authentication is read.
182: This option is directly passed to
183: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.85 djm 184: .It Fl l Ar limit
185: Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
1.1 djm 186: .It Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.23 stevesk 187: Can be used to pass options to
188: .Nm ssh
1.35 stevesk 189: in the format used in
190: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
191: This is useful for specifying options
1.23 stevesk 192: for which there is no separate
193: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 194: command-line flag.
195: For example, to specify an alternate port use:
1.26 stevesk 196: .Ic sftp -oPort=24 .
1.46 jmc 197: For full details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see
198: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
199: .Pp
200: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
201: .It AddressFamily
202: .It BatchMode
203: .It BindAddress
1.114 jmc 204: .It BindInterface
1.97 djm 205: .It CanonicalDomains
206: .It CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
207: .It CanonicalizeHostname
208: .It CanonicalizeMaxDots
209: .It CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
1.120 jmc 210: .It CASignatureAlgorithms
1.102 jmc 211: .It CertificateFile
1.46 jmc 212: .It ChallengeResponseAuthentication
213: .It CheckHostIP
214: .It Ciphers
215: .It Compression
1.110 naddy 216: .It ConnectionAttempts
1.54 dtucker 217: .It ConnectTimeout
1.55 djm 218: .It ControlMaster
219: .It ControlPath
1.91 djm 220: .It ControlPersist
1.46 jmc 221: .It GlobalKnownHostsFile
222: .It GSSAPIAuthentication
223: .It GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
1.61 jmc 224: .It HashKnownHosts
1.46 jmc 225: .It Host
226: .It HostbasedAuthentication
1.101 djm 227: .It HostbasedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 228: .It HostKeyAlgorithms
229: .It HostKeyAlias
230: .It HostName
1.104 jmc 231: .It IdentitiesOnly
1.103 markus 232: .It IdentityAgent
1.46 jmc 233: .It IdentityFile
1.87 jmc 234: .It IPQoS
1.91 djm 235: .It KbdInteractiveAuthentication
1.58 djm 236: .It KbdInteractiveDevices
1.86 jmc 237: .It KexAlgorithms
1.46 jmc 238: .It LogLevel
239: .It MACs
240: .It NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
241: .It NumberOfPasswordPrompts
242: .It PasswordAuthentication
1.83 markus 243: .It PKCS11Provider
1.46 jmc 244: .It Port
245: .It PreferredAuthentications
246: .It ProxyCommand
1.105 jmc 247: .It ProxyJump
1.108 jmc 248: .It PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 249: .It PubkeyAuthentication
1.63 dtucker 250: .It RekeyLimit
1.53 jmc 251: .It SendEnv
1.49 markus 252: .It ServerAliveInterval
253: .It ServerAliveCountMax
1.116 jmc 254: .It SetEnv
1.46 jmc 255: .It StrictHostKeyChecking
1.48 markus 256: .It TCPKeepAlive
1.100 djm 257: .It UpdateHostKeys
1.46 jmc 258: .It User
259: .It UserKnownHostsFile
260: .It VerifyHostKeyDNS
261: .El
1.72 djm 262: .It Fl P Ar port
263: Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
1.74 djm 264: .It Fl p
265: Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
266: original files transferred.
1.70 djm 267: .It Fl q
268: Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and
269: diagnostic messages from
270: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.30 djm 271: .It Fl R Ar num_requests
1.44 jmc 272: Specify how many requests may be outstanding at any one time.
273: Increasing this may slightly improve file transfer speed
274: but will increase memory usage.
1.67 djm 275: The default is 64 outstanding requests.
1.74 djm 276: .It Fl r
277: Recursively copy entire directories when uploading and downloading.
278: Note that
279: .Nm
280: does not follow symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
1.26 stevesk 281: .It Fl S Ar program
282: Name of the
283: .Ar program
284: to use for the encrypted connection.
285: The program must understand
286: .Xr ssh 1
287: options.
1.46 jmc 288: .It Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
289: Specifies the SSH2 subsystem or the path for an sftp server
290: on the remote host.
1.109 jmc 291: A path is useful when the remote
1.46 jmc 292: .Xr sshd 8
293: does not have an sftp subsystem configured.
294: .It Fl v
295: Raise logging level.
296: This option is also passed to ssh.
1.1 djm 297: .El
298: .Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
1.2 djm 299: Once in interactive mode,
300: .Nm
1.21 itojun 301: understands a set of commands similar to those of
1.1 djm 302: .Xr ftp 1 .
1.60 jaredy 303: Commands are case insensitive.
304: Pathnames that contain spaces must be enclosed in quotes.
305: Any special characters contained within pathnames that are recognized by
306: .Xr glob 3
307: must be escaped with backslashes
308: .Pq Sq \e .
309: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.22 markus 310: .It Ic bye
1.44 jmc 311: Quit
312: .Nm sftp .
1.113 djm 313: .It Ic cd Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 314: Change remote directory to
1.3 deraadt 315: .Ar path .
1.113 djm 316: If
317: .Ar path
318: is not specified, then change directory to the one the session started in.
1.3 deraadt 319: .It Ic chgrp Ar grp Ar path
1.21 itojun 320: Change group of file
1.5 stevesk 321: .Ar path
322: to
1.1 djm 323: .Ar grp .
1.60 jaredy 324: .Ar path
325: may contain
1.118 kn 326: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 327: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 328: .Ar grp
1.5 stevesk 329: must be a numeric GID.
1.3 deraadt 330: .It Ic chmod Ar mode Ar path
1.21 itojun 331: Change permissions of file
1.5 stevesk 332: .Ar path
333: to
1.3 deraadt 334: .Ar mode .
1.60 jaredy 335: .Ar path
336: may contain
1.118 kn 337: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 338: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 339: .It Ic chown Ar own Ar path
1.21 itojun 340: Change owner of file
1.5 stevesk 341: .Ar path
342: to
1.1 djm 343: .Ar own .
1.60 jaredy 344: .Ar path
345: may contain
1.118 kn 346: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 347: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 348: .Ar own
349: must be a numeric UID.
1.65 djm 350: .It Xo Ic df
351: .Op Fl hi
352: .Op Ar path
353: .Xc
354: Display usage information for the filesystem holding the current directory
355: (or
356: .Ar path
357: if specified).
358: If the
359: .Fl h
360: flag is specified, the capacity information will be displayed using
361: "human-readable" suffixes.
362: The
363: .Fl i
364: flag requests display of inode information in addition to capacity information.
365: This command is only supported on servers that implement the
366: .Dq statvfs@openssh.com
367: extension.
1.11 deraadt 368: .It Ic exit
1.44 jmc 369: Quit
370: .Nm sftp .
1.7 djm 371: .It Xo Ic get
1.95 djm 372: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 373: .Ar remote-path
374: .Op Ar local-path
375: .Xc
1.1 djm 376: Retrieve the
1.5 stevesk 377: .Ar remote-path
1.1 djm 378: and store it on the local machine.
379: If the local
1.21 itojun 380: path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the
1.44 jmc 381: remote machine.
1.60 jaredy 382: .Ar remote-path
383: may contain
1.118 kn 384: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 385: characters and may match multiple files.
386: If it does and
387: .Ar local-path
388: is specified, then
389: .Ar local-path
390: must specify a directory.
1.74 djm 391: .Pp
1.92 djm 392: If the
393: .Fl a
394: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial transfers of existing files.
395: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the local file matches
396: the remote copy.
1.93 djm 397: If the remote file contents differ from the partial local copy then the
398: resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.92 djm 399: .Pp
1.95 djm 400: If the
401: .Fl f
402: flag is specified, then
403: .Xr fsync 2
1.96 jmc 404: will be called after the file transfer has completed to flush the file
1.95 djm 405: to disk.
406: .Pp
1.76 jmc 407: If either the
1.75 djm 408: .Fl P
1.74 djm 409: or
410: .Fl p
1.60 jaredy 411: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 412: copied too.
1.74 djm 413: .Pp
414: If the
415: .Fl r
416: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
417: Note that
418: .Nm
419: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.11 deraadt 420: .It Ic help
421: Display help text.
1.113 djm 422: .It Ic lcd Op Ar path
1.46 jmc 423: Change local directory to
424: .Ar path .
1.113 djm 425: If
426: .Ar path
427: is not specified, then change directory to the local user's home directory.
1.3 deraadt 428: .It Ic lls Op Ar ls-options Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 429: Display local directory listing of either
1.1 djm 430: .Ar path
431: or current directory if
432: .Ar path
1.5 stevesk 433: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 434: .Ar ls-options
435: may contain any flags supported by the local system's
436: .Xr ls 1
437: command.
438: .Ar path
439: may contain
1.118 kn 440: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 441: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 442: .It Ic lmkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 443: Create local directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 444: .Ar path .
1.88 djm 445: .It Xo Ic ln
446: .Op Fl s
447: .Ar oldpath
448: .Ar newpath
449: .Xc
450: Create a link from
1.12 djm 451: .Ar oldpath
452: to
453: .Ar newpath .
1.88 djm 454: If the
455: .Fl s
456: flag is specified the created link is a symbolic link, otherwise it is
457: a hard link.
1.3 deraadt 458: .It Ic lpwd
459: Print local working directory.
1.36 djm 460: .It Xo Ic ls
1.82 jmc 461: .Op Fl 1afhlnrSt
1.36 djm 462: .Op Ar path
463: .Xc
1.60 jaredy 464: Display a remote directory listing of either
1.1 djm 465: .Ar path
1.60 jaredy 466: or the current directory if
1.5 stevesk 467: .Ar path
1.44 jmc 468: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 469: .Ar path
470: may contain
1.118 kn 471: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 472: characters and may match multiple files.
473: .Pp
474: The following flags are recognized and alter the behaviour of
475: .Ic ls
476: accordingly:
477: .Bl -tag -width Ds
478: .It Fl 1
479: Produce single columnar output.
480: .It Fl a
481: List files beginning with a dot
482: .Pq Sq \&. .
483: .It Fl f
484: Do not sort the listing.
485: The default sort order is lexicographical.
1.81 djm 486: .It Fl h
487: When used with a long format option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte,
488: Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, and Exabyte in order to reduce
489: the number of digits to four or fewer using powers of 2 for sizes (K=1024,
490: M=1048576, etc.).
1.82 jmc 491: .It Fl l
492: Display additional details including permissions
493: and ownership information.
1.60 jaredy 494: .It Fl n
495: Produce a long listing with user and group information presented
1.56 djm 496: numerically.
1.60 jaredy 497: .It Fl r
498: Reverse the sort order of the listing.
499: .It Fl S
500: Sort the listing by file size.
501: .It Fl t
502: Sort the listing by last modification time.
503: .El
1.3 deraadt 504: .It Ic lumask Ar umask
1.21 itojun 505: Set local umask to
1.3 deraadt 506: .Ar umask .
507: .It Ic mkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 508: Create remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 509: .Ar path .
1.40 fgsch 510: .It Ic progress
511: Toggle display of progress meter.
1.7 djm 512: .It Xo Ic put
1.98 logan 513: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 514: .Ar local-path
1.37 djm 515: .Op Ar remote-path
1.7 djm 516: .Xc
1.1 djm 517: Upload
1.5 stevesk 518: .Ar local-path
1.44 jmc 519: and store it on the remote machine.
520: If the remote path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has
521: on the local machine.
1.60 jaredy 522: .Ar local-path
523: may contain
1.118 kn 524: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 525: characters and may match multiple files.
526: If it does and
527: .Ar remote-path
528: is specified, then
529: .Ar remote-path
530: must specify a directory.
1.95 djm 531: .Pp
532: If the
1.99 jmc 533: .Fl a
1.98 logan 534: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial
535: transfers of existing files.
1.99 jmc 536: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the remote file
1.98 logan 537: matches the local copy.
538: If the local file contents differ from the remote local copy then
539: the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
540: .Pp
541: If the
1.95 djm 542: .Fl f
543: flag is specified, then a request will be sent to the server to call
544: .Xr fsync 2
545: after the file has been transferred.
546: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
547: the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.74 djm 548: .Pp
1.90 dtucker 549: If either the
1.7 djm 550: .Fl P
1.74 djm 551: or
552: .Fl p
553: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 554: copied too.
1.74 djm 555: .Pp
556: If the
557: .Fl r
558: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
559: Note that
560: .Nm
561: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.3 deraadt 562: .It Ic pwd
563: Display remote working directory.
564: .It Ic quit
1.44 jmc 565: Quit
566: .Nm sftp .
1.92 djm 567: .It Xo Ic reget
568: .Op Fl Ppr
569: .Ar remote-path
570: .Op Ar local-path
571: .Xc
572: Resume download of
573: .Ar remote-path .
574: Equivalent to
575: .Ic get
576: with the
1.98 logan 577: .Fl a
578: flag set.
579: .It Xo Ic reput
580: .Op Fl Ppr
581: .Op Ar local-path
582: .Ar remote-path
583: .Xc
584: Resume upload of
585: .Op Ar local-path .
586: Equivalent to
587: .Ic put
1.99 jmc 588: with the
1.92 djm 589: .Fl a
590: flag set.
1.3 deraadt 591: .It Ic rename Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.1 djm 592: Rename remote file from
593: .Ar oldpath
594: to
1.3 deraadt 595: .Ar newpath .
1.46 jmc 596: .It Ic rm Ar path
597: Delete remote file specified by
598: .Ar path .
1.3 deraadt 599: .It Ic rmdir Ar path
1.1 djm 600: Remove remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 601: .Ar path .
1.12 djm 602: .It Ic symlink Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.21 itojun 603: Create a symbolic link from
1.12 djm 604: .Ar oldpath
605: to
606: .Ar newpath .
1.38 fgsch 607: .It Ic version
608: Display the
609: .Nm
610: protocol version.
1.69 sobrado 611: .It Ic \&! Ns Ar command
1.21 itojun 612: Execute
1.1 djm 613: .Ar command
1.3 deraadt 614: in local shell.
1.45 jmc 615: .It Ic \&!
1.3 deraadt 616: Escape to local shell.
1.45 jmc 617: .It Ic \&?
1.5 stevesk 618: Synonym for help.
1.4 itojun 619: .El
1.1 djm 620: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.46 jmc 621: .Xr ftp 1 ,
1.60 jaredy 622: .Xr ls 1 ,
1.17 markus 623: .Xr scp 1 ,
1.1 djm 624: .Xr ssh 1 ,
625: .Xr ssh-add 1 ,
626: .Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
1.119 jmc 627: .Xr ssh_config 5 ,
1.118 kn 628: .Xr glob 7 ,
1.17 markus 629: .Xr sftp-server 8 ,
630: .Xr sshd 8
631: .Rs
1.20 deraadt 632: .%A T. Ylonen
633: .%A S. Lehtinen
1.17 markus 634: .%T "SSH File Transfer Protocol"
635: .%N draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-00.txt
636: .%D January 2001
637: .%O work in progress material
638: .Re
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