Annotation of src/usr.bin/ssh/sftp.1, Revision 1.123
1.123 ! djm 1: .\" $OpenBSD: sftp.1,v 1.122 2018/11/16 02:30:20 djm Exp $
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1.9 deraadt 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2001 Damien Miller. All rights reserved.
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1.123 ! djm 25: .Dd $Mdocdate: November 16 2018 $
1.1 djm 26: .Dt SFTP 1
27: .Os
28: .Sh NAME
29: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 30: .Nd secure file transfer program
1.1 djm 31: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.43 jmc 32: .Nm sftp
1.106 djm 33: .Op Fl 46aCfpqrv
1.46 jmc 34: .Op Fl B Ar buffer_size
1.29 markus 35: .Op Fl b Ar batchfile
1.70 djm 36: .Op Fl c Ar cipher
1.72 djm 37: .Op Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
1.46 jmc 38: .Op Fl F Ar ssh_config
1.73 jmc 39: .Op Fl i Ar identity_file
1.85 djm 40: .Op Fl l Ar limit
1.29 markus 41: .Op Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.72 djm 42: .Op Fl P Ar port
1.30 djm 43: .Op Fl R Ar num_requests
1.26 stevesk 44: .Op Fl S Ar program
1.46 jmc 45: .Op Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
1.111 millert 46: .Ar destination
1.1 djm 47: .Sh DESCRIPTION
48: .Nm
1.111 millert 49: is a file transfer program, similar to
1.1 djm 50: .Xr ftp 1 ,
51: which performs all operations over an encrypted
52: .Xr ssh 1
53: transport.
54: It may also use many features of ssh, such as public key authentication and
55: compression.
1.111 millert 56: .Pp
57: The
58: .Ar destination
59: may be specified either as
1.112 jmc 60: .Sm off
61: .Oo user @ Oc host Op : path
62: .Sm on
63: or as a URI in the form
64: .Sm off
65: .No sftp:// Oo user @ Oc host Oo : port Oc Op / path .
66: .Sm on
1.111 millert 67: .Pp
68: If the
69: .Ar destination
70: includes a
71: .Ar path
72: and it is not a directory,
1.1 djm 73: .Nm
1.111 millert 74: will retrieve files automatically if a non-interactive
1.18 stevesk 75: authentication method is used; otherwise it will do so after
76: successful interactive authentication.
1.15 mouring 77: .Pp
1.111 millert 78: If no
79: .Ar path
80: is specified, or if the
81: .Ar path
82: is a directory,
1.60 jaredy 83: .Nm
1.111 millert 84: will log in to the specified
85: .Ar host
86: and enter interactive command mode, changing to the remote directory
87: if one was specified.
88: An optional trailing slash can be used to force the
89: .Ar path
90: to be interpreted as a directory.
1.1 djm 91: .Pp
1.111 millert 92: Since the destination formats use colon characters to delimit host
93: names from path names or port numbers, IPv6 addresses must be
94: enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity.
1.89 djm 95: .Pp
1.1 djm 96: The options are as follows:
97: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.70 djm 98: .It Fl 4
99: Forces
100: .Nm
101: to use IPv4 addresses only.
102: .It Fl 6
103: Forces
104: .Nm
105: to use IPv6 addresses only.
1.94 jmc 106: .It Fl a
1.99 jmc 107: Attempt to continue interrupted transfers rather than overwriting
1.98 logan 108: existing partial or complete copies of files.
1.99 jmc 109: If the partial contents differ from those being transferred,
1.98 logan 110: then the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.46 jmc 111: .It Fl B Ar buffer_size
112: Specify the size of the buffer that
113: .Nm
114: uses when transferring files.
115: Larger buffers require fewer round trips at the cost of higher
116: memory consumption.
117: The default is 32768 bytes.
1.10 deraadt 118: .It Fl b Ar batchfile
119: Batch mode reads a series of commands from an input
1.13 stevesk 120: .Ar batchfile
1.10 deraadt 121: instead of
1.13 stevesk 122: .Em stdin .
123: Since it lacks user interaction it should be used in conjunction with
1.111 millert 124: non-interactive authentication to obviate the need to enter a password
125: at connection time (see
126: .Xr sshd 8
127: and
128: .Xr ssh-keygen 1
129: for details).
1.122 djm 130: .Pp
1.50 djm 131: A
1.51 jmc 132: .Ar batchfile
133: of
134: .Sq \-
1.50 djm 135: may be used to indicate standard input.
1.13 stevesk 136: .Nm
1.21 itojun 137: will abort if any of the following
138: commands fail:
1.121 schwarze 139: .Ic get , put , reget , reput , rename , ln ,
1.41 jmc 140: .Ic rm , mkdir , chdir , ls ,
1.66 jmc 141: .Ic lchdir , chmod , chown ,
1.88 djm 142: .Ic chgrp , lpwd , df , symlink ,
1.10 deraadt 143: and
1.13 stevesk 144: .Ic lmkdir .
1.122 djm 145: .Pp
1.41 jmc 146: Termination on error can be suppressed on a command by command basis by
147: prefixing the command with a
1.51 jmc 148: .Sq \-
1.44 jmc 149: character (for example,
150: .Ic -rm /tmp/blah* ) .
1.122 djm 151: Echo of the command may be suppressed by prefixing the command with a
152: .Sq @
153: character.
154: These two prefixes may be combined in any order, for example
155: .Ic -@ls /bsd .
1.71 jmc 156: .It Fl C
157: Enables compression (via ssh's
158: .Fl C
159: flag).
1.70 djm 160: .It Fl c Ar cipher
161: Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfers.
162: This option is directly passed to
163: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.72 djm 164: .It Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
165: Connect directly to a local sftp server
166: (rather than via
167: .Xr ssh 1 ) .
168: This option may be useful in debugging the client and server.
1.46 jmc 169: .It Fl F Ar ssh_config
170: Specifies an alternative
171: per-user configuration file for
172: .Xr ssh 1 .
173: This option is directly passed to
174: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.95 djm 175: .It Fl f
176: Requests that files be flushed to disk immediately after transfer.
177: When uploading files, this feature is only enabled if the server
178: implements the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.70 djm 179: .It Fl i Ar identity_file
180: Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key
181: authentication is read.
182: This option is directly passed to
183: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.85 djm 184: .It Fl l Ar limit
185: Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
1.1 djm 186: .It Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.23 stevesk 187: Can be used to pass options to
188: .Nm ssh
1.35 stevesk 189: in the format used in
190: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
191: This is useful for specifying options
1.23 stevesk 192: for which there is no separate
193: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 194: command-line flag.
195: For example, to specify an alternate port use:
1.26 stevesk 196: .Ic sftp -oPort=24 .
1.46 jmc 197: For full details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see
198: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
199: .Pp
200: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
201: .It AddressFamily
202: .It BatchMode
203: .It BindAddress
1.114 jmc 204: .It BindInterface
1.97 djm 205: .It CanonicalDomains
206: .It CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
207: .It CanonicalizeHostname
208: .It CanonicalizeMaxDots
209: .It CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
1.120 jmc 210: .It CASignatureAlgorithms
1.102 jmc 211: .It CertificateFile
1.46 jmc 212: .It ChallengeResponseAuthentication
213: .It CheckHostIP
214: .It Ciphers
215: .It Compression
1.110 naddy 216: .It ConnectionAttempts
1.54 dtucker 217: .It ConnectTimeout
1.55 djm 218: .It ControlMaster
219: .It ControlPath
1.91 djm 220: .It ControlPersist
1.46 jmc 221: .It GlobalKnownHostsFile
222: .It GSSAPIAuthentication
223: .It GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
1.61 jmc 224: .It HashKnownHosts
1.46 jmc 225: .It Host
226: .It HostbasedAuthentication
1.101 djm 227: .It HostbasedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 228: .It HostKeyAlgorithms
229: .It HostKeyAlias
230: .It HostName
1.104 jmc 231: .It IdentitiesOnly
1.103 markus 232: .It IdentityAgent
1.46 jmc 233: .It IdentityFile
1.87 jmc 234: .It IPQoS
1.91 djm 235: .It KbdInteractiveAuthentication
1.58 djm 236: .It KbdInteractiveDevices
1.86 jmc 237: .It KexAlgorithms
1.46 jmc 238: .It LogLevel
239: .It MACs
240: .It NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
241: .It NumberOfPasswordPrompts
242: .It PasswordAuthentication
1.83 markus 243: .It PKCS11Provider
1.46 jmc 244: .It Port
245: .It PreferredAuthentications
246: .It ProxyCommand
1.105 jmc 247: .It ProxyJump
1.108 jmc 248: .It PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 249: .It PubkeyAuthentication
1.63 dtucker 250: .It RekeyLimit
1.53 jmc 251: .It SendEnv
1.49 markus 252: .It ServerAliveInterval
253: .It ServerAliveCountMax
1.116 jmc 254: .It SetEnv
1.46 jmc 255: .It StrictHostKeyChecking
1.48 markus 256: .It TCPKeepAlive
1.100 djm 257: .It UpdateHostKeys
1.46 jmc 258: .It User
259: .It UserKnownHostsFile
260: .It VerifyHostKeyDNS
261: .El
1.72 djm 262: .It Fl P Ar port
263: Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
1.74 djm 264: .It Fl p
265: Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
266: original files transferred.
1.70 djm 267: .It Fl q
268: Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and
269: diagnostic messages from
270: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.30 djm 271: .It Fl R Ar num_requests
1.44 jmc 272: Specify how many requests may be outstanding at any one time.
273: Increasing this may slightly improve file transfer speed
274: but will increase memory usage.
1.67 djm 275: The default is 64 outstanding requests.
1.74 djm 276: .It Fl r
277: Recursively copy entire directories when uploading and downloading.
278: Note that
279: .Nm
280: does not follow symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
1.26 stevesk 281: .It Fl S Ar program
282: Name of the
283: .Ar program
284: to use for the encrypted connection.
285: The program must understand
286: .Xr ssh 1
287: options.
1.46 jmc 288: .It Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
289: Specifies the SSH2 subsystem or the path for an sftp server
290: on the remote host.
1.109 jmc 291: A path is useful when the remote
1.46 jmc 292: .Xr sshd 8
293: does not have an sftp subsystem configured.
294: .It Fl v
295: Raise logging level.
296: This option is also passed to ssh.
1.1 djm 297: .El
298: .Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
1.2 djm 299: Once in interactive mode,
300: .Nm
1.21 itojun 301: understands a set of commands similar to those of
1.1 djm 302: .Xr ftp 1 .
1.60 jaredy 303: Commands are case insensitive.
304: Pathnames that contain spaces must be enclosed in quotes.
305: Any special characters contained within pathnames that are recognized by
306: .Xr glob 3
307: must be escaped with backslashes
308: .Pq Sq \e .
309: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.22 markus 310: .It Ic bye
1.44 jmc 311: Quit
312: .Nm sftp .
1.113 djm 313: .It Ic cd Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 314: Change remote directory to
1.3 deraadt 315: .Ar path .
1.113 djm 316: If
317: .Ar path
318: is not specified, then change directory to the one the session started in.
1.123 ! djm 319: .It Xo Ic chgrp
! 320: .Op Fl h
! 321: .Ar grp
! 322: .Ar path
! 323: .Xc
1.21 itojun 324: Change group of file
1.5 stevesk 325: .Ar path
326: to
1.1 djm 327: .Ar grp .
1.123 ! djm 328: If the
! 329: .Fl h
! 330: flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
1.60 jaredy 331: .Ar path
332: may contain
1.118 kn 333: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 334: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 335: .Ar grp
1.5 stevesk 336: must be a numeric GID.
1.123 ! djm 337: .It Xo Ic chmod
! 338: .Op Fl h
! 339: .Ar mode
! 340: .Ar path
! 341: .Xc
1.21 itojun 342: Change permissions of file
1.5 stevesk 343: .Ar path
344: to
1.3 deraadt 345: .Ar mode .
1.123 ! djm 346: If the
! 347: .Fl h
! 348: flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
1.60 jaredy 349: .Ar path
350: may contain
1.118 kn 351: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 352: characters and may match multiple files.
1.123 ! djm 353: .It Xo Ic chown
! 354: .Op Fl h
! 355: .Ar own
! 356: .Ar path
! 357: .Xc
1.21 itojun 358: Change owner of file
1.5 stevesk 359: .Ar path
360: to
1.1 djm 361: .Ar own .
1.123 ! djm 362: If the
! 363: .Fl h
! 364: flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
1.60 jaredy 365: .Ar path
366: may contain
1.118 kn 367: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 368: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 369: .Ar own
370: must be a numeric UID.
1.65 djm 371: .It Xo Ic df
372: .Op Fl hi
373: .Op Ar path
374: .Xc
375: Display usage information for the filesystem holding the current directory
376: (or
377: .Ar path
378: if specified).
379: If the
380: .Fl h
381: flag is specified, the capacity information will be displayed using
382: "human-readable" suffixes.
383: The
384: .Fl i
385: flag requests display of inode information in addition to capacity information.
386: This command is only supported on servers that implement the
387: .Dq statvfs@openssh.com
388: extension.
1.11 deraadt 389: .It Ic exit
1.44 jmc 390: Quit
391: .Nm sftp .
1.7 djm 392: .It Xo Ic get
1.95 djm 393: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 394: .Ar remote-path
395: .Op Ar local-path
396: .Xc
1.1 djm 397: Retrieve the
1.5 stevesk 398: .Ar remote-path
1.1 djm 399: and store it on the local machine.
400: If the local
1.21 itojun 401: path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the
1.44 jmc 402: remote machine.
1.60 jaredy 403: .Ar remote-path
404: may contain
1.118 kn 405: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 406: characters and may match multiple files.
407: If it does and
408: .Ar local-path
409: is specified, then
410: .Ar local-path
411: must specify a directory.
1.74 djm 412: .Pp
1.92 djm 413: If the
414: .Fl a
415: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial transfers of existing files.
416: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the local file matches
417: the remote copy.
1.93 djm 418: If the remote file contents differ from the partial local copy then the
419: resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.92 djm 420: .Pp
1.95 djm 421: If the
422: .Fl f
423: flag is specified, then
424: .Xr fsync 2
1.96 jmc 425: will be called after the file transfer has completed to flush the file
1.95 djm 426: to disk.
427: .Pp
1.76 jmc 428: If either the
1.75 djm 429: .Fl P
1.74 djm 430: or
431: .Fl p
1.60 jaredy 432: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 433: copied too.
1.74 djm 434: .Pp
435: If the
436: .Fl r
437: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
438: Note that
439: .Nm
440: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.11 deraadt 441: .It Ic help
442: Display help text.
1.113 djm 443: .It Ic lcd Op Ar path
1.46 jmc 444: Change local directory to
445: .Ar path .
1.113 djm 446: If
447: .Ar path
448: is not specified, then change directory to the local user's home directory.
1.3 deraadt 449: .It Ic lls Op Ar ls-options Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 450: Display local directory listing of either
1.1 djm 451: .Ar path
452: or current directory if
453: .Ar path
1.5 stevesk 454: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 455: .Ar ls-options
456: may contain any flags supported by the local system's
457: .Xr ls 1
458: command.
459: .Ar path
460: may contain
1.118 kn 461: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 462: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 463: .It Ic lmkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 464: Create local directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 465: .Ar path .
1.88 djm 466: .It Xo Ic ln
467: .Op Fl s
468: .Ar oldpath
469: .Ar newpath
470: .Xc
471: Create a link from
1.12 djm 472: .Ar oldpath
473: to
474: .Ar newpath .
1.88 djm 475: If the
476: .Fl s
477: flag is specified the created link is a symbolic link, otherwise it is
478: a hard link.
1.3 deraadt 479: .It Ic lpwd
480: Print local working directory.
1.36 djm 481: .It Xo Ic ls
1.82 jmc 482: .Op Fl 1afhlnrSt
1.36 djm 483: .Op Ar path
484: .Xc
1.60 jaredy 485: Display a remote directory listing of either
1.1 djm 486: .Ar path
1.60 jaredy 487: or the current directory if
1.5 stevesk 488: .Ar path
1.44 jmc 489: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 490: .Ar path
491: may contain
1.118 kn 492: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 493: characters and may match multiple files.
494: .Pp
495: The following flags are recognized and alter the behaviour of
496: .Ic ls
497: accordingly:
498: .Bl -tag -width Ds
499: .It Fl 1
500: Produce single columnar output.
501: .It Fl a
502: List files beginning with a dot
503: .Pq Sq \&. .
504: .It Fl f
505: Do not sort the listing.
506: The default sort order is lexicographical.
1.81 djm 507: .It Fl h
508: When used with a long format option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte,
509: Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, and Exabyte in order to reduce
510: the number of digits to four or fewer using powers of 2 for sizes (K=1024,
511: M=1048576, etc.).
1.82 jmc 512: .It Fl l
513: Display additional details including permissions
514: and ownership information.
1.60 jaredy 515: .It Fl n
516: Produce a long listing with user and group information presented
1.56 djm 517: numerically.
1.60 jaredy 518: .It Fl r
519: Reverse the sort order of the listing.
520: .It Fl S
521: Sort the listing by file size.
522: .It Fl t
523: Sort the listing by last modification time.
524: .El
1.3 deraadt 525: .It Ic lumask Ar umask
1.21 itojun 526: Set local umask to
1.3 deraadt 527: .Ar umask .
528: .It Ic mkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 529: Create remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 530: .Ar path .
1.40 fgsch 531: .It Ic progress
532: Toggle display of progress meter.
1.7 djm 533: .It Xo Ic put
1.98 logan 534: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 535: .Ar local-path
1.37 djm 536: .Op Ar remote-path
1.7 djm 537: .Xc
1.1 djm 538: Upload
1.5 stevesk 539: .Ar local-path
1.44 jmc 540: and store it on the remote machine.
541: If the remote path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has
542: on the local machine.
1.60 jaredy 543: .Ar local-path
544: may contain
1.118 kn 545: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 546: characters and may match multiple files.
547: If it does and
548: .Ar remote-path
549: is specified, then
550: .Ar remote-path
551: must specify a directory.
1.95 djm 552: .Pp
553: If the
1.99 jmc 554: .Fl a
1.98 logan 555: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial
556: transfers of existing files.
1.99 jmc 557: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the remote file
1.98 logan 558: matches the local copy.
559: If the local file contents differ from the remote local copy then
560: the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
561: .Pp
562: If the
1.95 djm 563: .Fl f
564: flag is specified, then a request will be sent to the server to call
565: .Xr fsync 2
566: after the file has been transferred.
567: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
568: the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.74 djm 569: .Pp
1.90 dtucker 570: If either the
1.7 djm 571: .Fl P
1.74 djm 572: or
573: .Fl p
574: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 575: copied too.
1.74 djm 576: .Pp
577: If the
578: .Fl r
579: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
580: Note that
581: .Nm
582: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.3 deraadt 583: .It Ic pwd
584: Display remote working directory.
585: .It Ic quit
1.44 jmc 586: Quit
587: .Nm sftp .
1.92 djm 588: .It Xo Ic reget
589: .Op Fl Ppr
590: .Ar remote-path
591: .Op Ar local-path
592: .Xc
593: Resume download of
594: .Ar remote-path .
595: Equivalent to
596: .Ic get
597: with the
1.98 logan 598: .Fl a
599: flag set.
600: .It Xo Ic reput
601: .Op Fl Ppr
602: .Op Ar local-path
603: .Ar remote-path
604: .Xc
605: Resume upload of
606: .Op Ar local-path .
607: Equivalent to
608: .Ic put
1.99 jmc 609: with the
1.92 djm 610: .Fl a
611: flag set.
1.3 deraadt 612: .It Ic rename Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.1 djm 613: Rename remote file from
614: .Ar oldpath
615: to
1.3 deraadt 616: .Ar newpath .
1.46 jmc 617: .It Ic rm Ar path
618: Delete remote file specified by
619: .Ar path .
1.3 deraadt 620: .It Ic rmdir Ar path
1.1 djm 621: Remove remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 622: .Ar path .
1.12 djm 623: .It Ic symlink Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.21 itojun 624: Create a symbolic link from
1.12 djm 625: .Ar oldpath
626: to
627: .Ar newpath .
1.38 fgsch 628: .It Ic version
629: Display the
630: .Nm
631: protocol version.
1.69 sobrado 632: .It Ic \&! Ns Ar command
1.21 itojun 633: Execute
1.1 djm 634: .Ar command
1.3 deraadt 635: in local shell.
1.45 jmc 636: .It Ic \&!
1.3 deraadt 637: Escape to local shell.
1.45 jmc 638: .It Ic \&?
1.5 stevesk 639: Synonym for help.
1.4 itojun 640: .El
1.1 djm 641: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.46 jmc 642: .Xr ftp 1 ,
1.60 jaredy 643: .Xr ls 1 ,
1.17 markus 644: .Xr scp 1 ,
1.1 djm 645: .Xr ssh 1 ,
646: .Xr ssh-add 1 ,
647: .Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
1.119 jmc 648: .Xr ssh_config 5 ,
1.118 kn 649: .Xr glob 7 ,
1.17 markus 650: .Xr sftp-server 8 ,
651: .Xr sshd 8
652: .Rs
1.20 deraadt 653: .%A T. Ylonen
654: .%A S. Lehtinen
1.17 markus 655: .%T "SSH File Transfer Protocol"
656: .%N draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-00.txt
657: .%D January 2001
658: .%O work in progress material
659: .Re
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