Annotation of src/usr.bin/ssh/sftp.1, Revision 1.126
1.126 ! jmc 1: .\" $OpenBSD: sftp.1,v 1.125 2019/01/22 06:58:31 jmc Exp $
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1.9 deraadt 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2001 Damien Miller. All rights reserved.
1.1 djm 4: .\"
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1.126 ! jmc 25: .Dd $Mdocdate: January 22 2019 $
1.1 djm 26: .Dt SFTP 1
27: .Os
28: .Sh NAME
29: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 30: .Nd secure file transfer program
1.1 djm 31: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.43 jmc 32: .Nm sftp
1.106 djm 33: .Op Fl 46aCfpqrv
1.46 jmc 34: .Op Fl B Ar buffer_size
1.29 markus 35: .Op Fl b Ar batchfile
1.70 djm 36: .Op Fl c Ar cipher
1.72 djm 37: .Op Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
1.46 jmc 38: .Op Fl F Ar ssh_config
1.73 jmc 39: .Op Fl i Ar identity_file
1.124 tb 40: .Op Fl J Ar destination
1.85 djm 41: .Op Fl l Ar limit
1.29 markus 42: .Op Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.72 djm 43: .Op Fl P Ar port
1.30 djm 44: .Op Fl R Ar num_requests
1.26 stevesk 45: .Op Fl S Ar program
1.46 jmc 46: .Op Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
1.111 millert 47: .Ar destination
1.1 djm 48: .Sh DESCRIPTION
49: .Nm
1.111 millert 50: is a file transfer program, similar to
1.1 djm 51: .Xr ftp 1 ,
52: which performs all operations over an encrypted
53: .Xr ssh 1
54: transport.
55: It may also use many features of ssh, such as public key authentication and
56: compression.
1.111 millert 57: .Pp
58: The
59: .Ar destination
60: may be specified either as
1.112 jmc 61: .Sm off
62: .Oo user @ Oc host Op : path
63: .Sm on
64: or as a URI in the form
65: .Sm off
66: .No sftp:// Oo user @ Oc host Oo : port Oc Op / path .
67: .Sm on
1.111 millert 68: .Pp
69: If the
70: .Ar destination
71: includes a
72: .Ar path
73: and it is not a directory,
1.1 djm 74: .Nm
1.111 millert 75: will retrieve files automatically if a non-interactive
1.18 stevesk 76: authentication method is used; otherwise it will do so after
77: successful interactive authentication.
1.15 mouring 78: .Pp
1.111 millert 79: If no
80: .Ar path
81: is specified, or if the
82: .Ar path
83: is a directory,
1.60 jaredy 84: .Nm
1.111 millert 85: will log in to the specified
86: .Ar host
87: and enter interactive command mode, changing to the remote directory
88: if one was specified.
89: An optional trailing slash can be used to force the
90: .Ar path
91: to be interpreted as a directory.
1.1 djm 92: .Pp
1.111 millert 93: Since the destination formats use colon characters to delimit host
94: names from path names or port numbers, IPv6 addresses must be
95: enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity.
1.89 djm 96: .Pp
1.1 djm 97: The options are as follows:
98: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.70 djm 99: .It Fl 4
100: Forces
101: .Nm
102: to use IPv4 addresses only.
103: .It Fl 6
104: Forces
105: .Nm
106: to use IPv6 addresses only.
1.94 jmc 107: .It Fl a
1.99 jmc 108: Attempt to continue interrupted transfers rather than overwriting
1.98 logan 109: existing partial or complete copies of files.
1.99 jmc 110: If the partial contents differ from those being transferred,
1.98 logan 111: then the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.46 jmc 112: .It Fl B Ar buffer_size
113: Specify the size of the buffer that
114: .Nm
115: uses when transferring files.
116: Larger buffers require fewer round trips at the cost of higher
117: memory consumption.
118: The default is 32768 bytes.
1.10 deraadt 119: .It Fl b Ar batchfile
120: Batch mode reads a series of commands from an input
1.13 stevesk 121: .Ar batchfile
1.10 deraadt 122: instead of
1.13 stevesk 123: .Em stdin .
124: Since it lacks user interaction it should be used in conjunction with
1.111 millert 125: non-interactive authentication to obviate the need to enter a password
126: at connection time (see
127: .Xr sshd 8
128: and
129: .Xr ssh-keygen 1
130: for details).
1.122 djm 131: .Pp
1.50 djm 132: A
1.51 jmc 133: .Ar batchfile
134: of
135: .Sq \-
1.50 djm 136: may be used to indicate standard input.
1.13 stevesk 137: .Nm
1.21 itojun 138: will abort if any of the following
139: commands fail:
1.121 schwarze 140: .Ic get , put , reget , reput , rename , ln ,
1.41 jmc 141: .Ic rm , mkdir , chdir , ls ,
1.66 jmc 142: .Ic lchdir , chmod , chown ,
1.88 djm 143: .Ic chgrp , lpwd , df , symlink ,
1.10 deraadt 144: and
1.13 stevesk 145: .Ic lmkdir .
1.122 djm 146: .Pp
1.41 jmc 147: Termination on error can be suppressed on a command by command basis by
148: prefixing the command with a
1.51 jmc 149: .Sq \-
1.44 jmc 150: character (for example,
151: .Ic -rm /tmp/blah* ) .
1.122 djm 152: Echo of the command may be suppressed by prefixing the command with a
153: .Sq @
154: character.
155: These two prefixes may be combined in any order, for example
156: .Ic -@ls /bsd .
1.71 jmc 157: .It Fl C
158: Enables compression (via ssh's
159: .Fl C
160: flag).
1.70 djm 161: .It Fl c Ar cipher
162: Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfers.
163: This option is directly passed to
164: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.72 djm 165: .It Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
166: Connect directly to a local sftp server
167: (rather than via
168: .Xr ssh 1 ) .
169: This option may be useful in debugging the client and server.
1.46 jmc 170: .It Fl F Ar ssh_config
171: Specifies an alternative
172: per-user configuration file for
173: .Xr ssh 1 .
174: This option is directly passed to
175: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.95 djm 176: .It Fl f
177: Requests that files be flushed to disk immediately after transfer.
178: When uploading files, this feature is only enabled if the server
179: implements the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.70 djm 180: .It Fl i Ar identity_file
181: Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key
182: authentication is read.
1.124 tb 183: This option is directly passed to
184: .Xr ssh 1 .
185: .It Fl J Ar destination
1.125 jmc 186: Connect to the target host by first making an
1.124 tb 187: .Nm
188: connection to the jump host described by
189: .Ar destination
190: and then establishing a TCP forwarding to the ultimate destination from
191: there.
192: Multiple jump hops may be specified separated by comma characters.
193: This is a shortcut to specify a
194: .Cm ProxyJump
195: configuration directive.
1.70 djm 196: This option is directly passed to
197: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.85 djm 198: .It Fl l Ar limit
199: Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
1.1 djm 200: .It Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.23 stevesk 201: Can be used to pass options to
202: .Nm ssh
1.35 stevesk 203: in the format used in
204: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
205: This is useful for specifying options
1.23 stevesk 206: for which there is no separate
207: .Nm sftp
1.44 jmc 208: command-line flag.
209: For example, to specify an alternate port use:
1.26 stevesk 210: .Ic sftp -oPort=24 .
1.46 jmc 211: For full details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see
212: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
213: .Pp
214: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
215: .It AddressFamily
216: .It BatchMode
217: .It BindAddress
1.114 jmc 218: .It BindInterface
1.97 djm 219: .It CanonicalDomains
220: .It CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
221: .It CanonicalizeHostname
222: .It CanonicalizeMaxDots
223: .It CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
1.120 jmc 224: .It CASignatureAlgorithms
1.102 jmc 225: .It CertificateFile
1.46 jmc 226: .It ChallengeResponseAuthentication
227: .It CheckHostIP
228: .It Ciphers
229: .It Compression
1.110 naddy 230: .It ConnectionAttempts
1.54 dtucker 231: .It ConnectTimeout
1.55 djm 232: .It ControlMaster
233: .It ControlPath
1.91 djm 234: .It ControlPersist
1.46 jmc 235: .It GlobalKnownHostsFile
236: .It GSSAPIAuthentication
237: .It GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
1.61 jmc 238: .It HashKnownHosts
1.46 jmc 239: .It Host
240: .It HostbasedAuthentication
1.101 djm 241: .It HostbasedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 242: .It HostKeyAlgorithms
243: .It HostKeyAlias
1.126 ! jmc 244: .It Hostname
1.104 jmc 245: .It IdentitiesOnly
1.103 markus 246: .It IdentityAgent
1.46 jmc 247: .It IdentityFile
1.87 jmc 248: .It IPQoS
1.91 djm 249: .It KbdInteractiveAuthentication
1.58 djm 250: .It KbdInteractiveDevices
1.86 jmc 251: .It KexAlgorithms
1.46 jmc 252: .It LogLevel
253: .It MACs
254: .It NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
255: .It NumberOfPasswordPrompts
256: .It PasswordAuthentication
1.83 markus 257: .It PKCS11Provider
1.46 jmc 258: .It Port
259: .It PreferredAuthentications
260: .It ProxyCommand
1.105 jmc 261: .It ProxyJump
1.108 jmc 262: .It PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
1.46 jmc 263: .It PubkeyAuthentication
1.63 dtucker 264: .It RekeyLimit
1.53 jmc 265: .It SendEnv
1.49 markus 266: .It ServerAliveInterval
267: .It ServerAliveCountMax
1.116 jmc 268: .It SetEnv
1.46 jmc 269: .It StrictHostKeyChecking
1.48 markus 270: .It TCPKeepAlive
1.100 djm 271: .It UpdateHostKeys
1.46 jmc 272: .It User
273: .It UserKnownHostsFile
274: .It VerifyHostKeyDNS
275: .El
1.72 djm 276: .It Fl P Ar port
277: Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
1.74 djm 278: .It Fl p
279: Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
280: original files transferred.
1.70 djm 281: .It Fl q
282: Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and
283: diagnostic messages from
284: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.30 djm 285: .It Fl R Ar num_requests
1.44 jmc 286: Specify how many requests may be outstanding at any one time.
287: Increasing this may slightly improve file transfer speed
288: but will increase memory usage.
1.67 djm 289: The default is 64 outstanding requests.
1.74 djm 290: .It Fl r
291: Recursively copy entire directories when uploading and downloading.
292: Note that
293: .Nm
294: does not follow symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
1.26 stevesk 295: .It Fl S Ar program
296: Name of the
297: .Ar program
298: to use for the encrypted connection.
299: The program must understand
300: .Xr ssh 1
301: options.
1.46 jmc 302: .It Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
303: Specifies the SSH2 subsystem or the path for an sftp server
304: on the remote host.
1.109 jmc 305: A path is useful when the remote
1.46 jmc 306: .Xr sshd 8
307: does not have an sftp subsystem configured.
308: .It Fl v
309: Raise logging level.
310: This option is also passed to ssh.
1.1 djm 311: .El
312: .Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
1.2 djm 313: Once in interactive mode,
314: .Nm
1.21 itojun 315: understands a set of commands similar to those of
1.1 djm 316: .Xr ftp 1 .
1.60 jaredy 317: Commands are case insensitive.
318: Pathnames that contain spaces must be enclosed in quotes.
319: Any special characters contained within pathnames that are recognized by
320: .Xr glob 3
321: must be escaped with backslashes
322: .Pq Sq \e .
323: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.22 markus 324: .It Ic bye
1.44 jmc 325: Quit
326: .Nm sftp .
1.113 djm 327: .It Ic cd Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 328: Change remote directory to
1.3 deraadt 329: .Ar path .
1.113 djm 330: If
331: .Ar path
332: is not specified, then change directory to the one the session started in.
1.123 djm 333: .It Xo Ic chgrp
334: .Op Fl h
335: .Ar grp
336: .Ar path
337: .Xc
1.21 itojun 338: Change group of file
1.5 stevesk 339: .Ar path
340: to
1.1 djm 341: .Ar grp .
1.123 djm 342: If the
343: .Fl h
344: flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
1.60 jaredy 345: .Ar path
346: may contain
1.118 kn 347: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 348: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 349: .Ar grp
1.5 stevesk 350: must be a numeric GID.
1.123 djm 351: .It Xo Ic chmod
352: .Op Fl h
353: .Ar mode
354: .Ar path
355: .Xc
1.21 itojun 356: Change permissions of file
1.5 stevesk 357: .Ar path
358: to
1.3 deraadt 359: .Ar mode .
1.123 djm 360: If the
361: .Fl h
362: flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
1.60 jaredy 363: .Ar path
364: may contain
1.118 kn 365: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 366: characters and may match multiple files.
1.123 djm 367: .It Xo Ic chown
368: .Op Fl h
369: .Ar own
370: .Ar path
371: .Xc
1.21 itojun 372: Change owner of file
1.5 stevesk 373: .Ar path
374: to
1.1 djm 375: .Ar own .
1.123 djm 376: If the
377: .Fl h
378: flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
1.60 jaredy 379: .Ar path
380: may contain
1.118 kn 381: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 382: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1 djm 383: .Ar own
384: must be a numeric UID.
1.65 djm 385: .It Xo Ic df
386: .Op Fl hi
387: .Op Ar path
388: .Xc
389: Display usage information for the filesystem holding the current directory
390: (or
391: .Ar path
392: if specified).
393: If the
394: .Fl h
395: flag is specified, the capacity information will be displayed using
396: "human-readable" suffixes.
397: The
398: .Fl i
399: flag requests display of inode information in addition to capacity information.
400: This command is only supported on servers that implement the
401: .Dq statvfs@openssh.com
402: extension.
1.11 deraadt 403: .It Ic exit
1.44 jmc 404: Quit
405: .Nm sftp .
1.7 djm 406: .It Xo Ic get
1.95 djm 407: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 408: .Ar remote-path
409: .Op Ar local-path
410: .Xc
1.1 djm 411: Retrieve the
1.5 stevesk 412: .Ar remote-path
1.1 djm 413: and store it on the local machine.
414: If the local
1.21 itojun 415: path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the
1.44 jmc 416: remote machine.
1.60 jaredy 417: .Ar remote-path
418: may contain
1.118 kn 419: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 420: characters and may match multiple files.
421: If it does and
422: .Ar local-path
423: is specified, then
424: .Ar local-path
425: must specify a directory.
1.74 djm 426: .Pp
1.92 djm 427: If the
428: .Fl a
429: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial transfers of existing files.
430: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the local file matches
431: the remote copy.
1.93 djm 432: If the remote file contents differ from the partial local copy then the
433: resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.92 djm 434: .Pp
1.95 djm 435: If the
436: .Fl f
437: flag is specified, then
438: .Xr fsync 2
1.96 jmc 439: will be called after the file transfer has completed to flush the file
1.95 djm 440: to disk.
441: .Pp
1.76 jmc 442: If either the
1.75 djm 443: .Fl P
1.74 djm 444: or
445: .Fl p
1.60 jaredy 446: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 447: copied too.
1.74 djm 448: .Pp
449: If the
450: .Fl r
451: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
452: Note that
453: .Nm
454: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.11 deraadt 455: .It Ic help
456: Display help text.
1.113 djm 457: .It Ic lcd Op Ar path
1.46 jmc 458: Change local directory to
459: .Ar path .
1.113 djm 460: If
461: .Ar path
462: is not specified, then change directory to the local user's home directory.
1.3 deraadt 463: .It Ic lls Op Ar ls-options Op Ar path
1.21 itojun 464: Display local directory listing of either
1.1 djm 465: .Ar path
466: or current directory if
467: .Ar path
1.5 stevesk 468: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 469: .Ar ls-options
470: may contain any flags supported by the local system's
471: .Xr ls 1
472: command.
473: .Ar path
474: may contain
1.118 kn 475: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 476: characters and may match multiple files.
1.3 deraadt 477: .It Ic lmkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 478: Create local directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 479: .Ar path .
1.88 djm 480: .It Xo Ic ln
481: .Op Fl s
482: .Ar oldpath
483: .Ar newpath
484: .Xc
485: Create a link from
1.12 djm 486: .Ar oldpath
487: to
488: .Ar newpath .
1.88 djm 489: If the
490: .Fl s
491: flag is specified the created link is a symbolic link, otherwise it is
492: a hard link.
1.3 deraadt 493: .It Ic lpwd
494: Print local working directory.
1.36 djm 495: .It Xo Ic ls
1.82 jmc 496: .Op Fl 1afhlnrSt
1.36 djm 497: .Op Ar path
498: .Xc
1.60 jaredy 499: Display a remote directory listing of either
1.1 djm 500: .Ar path
1.60 jaredy 501: or the current directory if
1.5 stevesk 502: .Ar path
1.44 jmc 503: is not specified.
1.60 jaredy 504: .Ar path
505: may contain
1.118 kn 506: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 507: characters and may match multiple files.
508: .Pp
509: The following flags are recognized and alter the behaviour of
510: .Ic ls
511: accordingly:
512: .Bl -tag -width Ds
513: .It Fl 1
514: Produce single columnar output.
515: .It Fl a
516: List files beginning with a dot
517: .Pq Sq \&. .
518: .It Fl f
519: Do not sort the listing.
520: The default sort order is lexicographical.
1.81 djm 521: .It Fl h
522: When used with a long format option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte,
523: Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, and Exabyte in order to reduce
524: the number of digits to four or fewer using powers of 2 for sizes (K=1024,
525: M=1048576, etc.).
1.82 jmc 526: .It Fl l
527: Display additional details including permissions
528: and ownership information.
1.60 jaredy 529: .It Fl n
530: Produce a long listing with user and group information presented
1.56 djm 531: numerically.
1.60 jaredy 532: .It Fl r
533: Reverse the sort order of the listing.
534: .It Fl S
535: Sort the listing by file size.
536: .It Fl t
537: Sort the listing by last modification time.
538: .El
1.3 deraadt 539: .It Ic lumask Ar umask
1.21 itojun 540: Set local umask to
1.3 deraadt 541: .Ar umask .
542: .It Ic mkdir Ar path
1.1 djm 543: Create remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 544: .Ar path .
1.40 fgsch 545: .It Ic progress
546: Toggle display of progress meter.
1.7 djm 547: .It Xo Ic put
1.98 logan 548: .Op Fl afPpr
1.7 djm 549: .Ar local-path
1.37 djm 550: .Op Ar remote-path
1.7 djm 551: .Xc
1.1 djm 552: Upload
1.5 stevesk 553: .Ar local-path
1.44 jmc 554: and store it on the remote machine.
555: If the remote path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has
556: on the local machine.
1.60 jaredy 557: .Ar local-path
558: may contain
1.118 kn 559: .Xr glob 7
1.60 jaredy 560: characters and may match multiple files.
561: If it does and
562: .Ar remote-path
563: is specified, then
564: .Ar remote-path
565: must specify a directory.
1.95 djm 566: .Pp
567: If the
1.99 jmc 568: .Fl a
1.98 logan 569: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial
570: transfers of existing files.
1.99 jmc 571: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the remote file
1.98 logan 572: matches the local copy.
573: If the local file contents differ from the remote local copy then
574: the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
575: .Pp
576: If the
1.95 djm 577: .Fl f
578: flag is specified, then a request will be sent to the server to call
579: .Xr fsync 2
580: after the file has been transferred.
581: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
582: the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.74 djm 583: .Pp
1.90 dtucker 584: If either the
1.7 djm 585: .Fl P
1.74 djm 586: or
587: .Fl p
588: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.7 djm 589: copied too.
1.74 djm 590: .Pp
591: If the
592: .Fl r
593: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
594: Note that
595: .Nm
596: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.3 deraadt 597: .It Ic pwd
598: Display remote working directory.
599: .It Ic quit
1.44 jmc 600: Quit
601: .Nm sftp .
1.92 djm 602: .It Xo Ic reget
603: .Op Fl Ppr
604: .Ar remote-path
605: .Op Ar local-path
606: .Xc
607: Resume download of
608: .Ar remote-path .
609: Equivalent to
610: .Ic get
611: with the
1.98 logan 612: .Fl a
613: flag set.
614: .It Xo Ic reput
615: .Op Fl Ppr
616: .Op Ar local-path
617: .Ar remote-path
618: .Xc
619: Resume upload of
620: .Op Ar local-path .
621: Equivalent to
622: .Ic put
1.99 jmc 623: with the
1.92 djm 624: .Fl a
625: flag set.
1.3 deraadt 626: .It Ic rename Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.1 djm 627: Rename remote file from
628: .Ar oldpath
629: to
1.3 deraadt 630: .Ar newpath .
1.46 jmc 631: .It Ic rm Ar path
632: Delete remote file specified by
633: .Ar path .
1.3 deraadt 634: .It Ic rmdir Ar path
1.1 djm 635: Remove remote directory specified by
1.3 deraadt 636: .Ar path .
1.12 djm 637: .It Ic symlink Ar oldpath Ar newpath
1.21 itojun 638: Create a symbolic link from
1.12 djm 639: .Ar oldpath
640: to
641: .Ar newpath .
1.38 fgsch 642: .It Ic version
643: Display the
644: .Nm
645: protocol version.
1.69 sobrado 646: .It Ic \&! Ns Ar command
1.21 itojun 647: Execute
1.1 djm 648: .Ar command
1.3 deraadt 649: in local shell.
1.45 jmc 650: .It Ic \&!
1.3 deraadt 651: Escape to local shell.
1.45 jmc 652: .It Ic \&?
1.5 stevesk 653: Synonym for help.
1.4 itojun 654: .El
1.1 djm 655: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.46 jmc 656: .Xr ftp 1 ,
1.60 jaredy 657: .Xr ls 1 ,
1.17 markus 658: .Xr scp 1 ,
1.1 djm 659: .Xr ssh 1 ,
660: .Xr ssh-add 1 ,
661: .Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
1.119 jmc 662: .Xr ssh_config 5 ,
1.118 kn 663: .Xr glob 7 ,
1.17 markus 664: .Xr sftp-server 8 ,
665: .Xr sshd 8
666: .Rs
1.20 deraadt 667: .%A T. Ylonen
668: .%A S. Lehtinen
1.17 markus 669: .%T "SSH File Transfer Protocol"
670: .%N draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-00.txt
671: .%D January 2001
672: .%O work in progress material
673: .Re