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version 1.18, 2000/05/08 17:26:04

version 1.18.2.4, 2001/03/21 18:53:09

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.\" $OpenBSD$

.\"

.\" -*- nroff -*-

.\"

.\" ssh-keygen.1

.\"

.\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>

.\"

.\" Created: Sat Apr 22 23:55:14 1995 ylo

.\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software

.\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this

.\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is

.\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be

.\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".

.\"

.\" $Id$

.\"

.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

.\" are met:

.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

.\"

.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR

.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES

.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.

.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,

.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT

.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF

.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

.\"

.Dd September 25, 1999

.Dt SSH-KEYGEN 1

.Os

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.Nd authentication key generation

.Sh SYNOPSIS

.Nm ssh-keygen

.Op Fl dq

.Op Fl q

.Op Fl b Ar bits

.Op Fl t Ar type

.Op Fl N Ar new_passphrase

.Op Fl C Ar comment

.Op Fl f Ar keyfile

.Op Fl f Ar output_keyfile

.Nm ssh-keygen

.Fl p

.Op Fl P Ar old_passphrase

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.Op Fl f Ar keyfile

.Nm ssh-keygen

.Fl x

.Op Fl f Ar keyfile

.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile

.Nm ssh-keygen

.Fl X

.Op Fl f Ar keyfile

.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile

.Nm ssh-keygen

.Fl y

.Op Fl f Ar keyfile

.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile

.Nm ssh-keygen

.Fl c

.Op Fl P Ar passphrase

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.Op Fl f Ar keyfile

.Nm ssh-keygen

.Fl l

.Op Fl f Ar keyfile

.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile

.Nm ssh-keygen

.Fl R

.Fl B

.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile

.Sh DESCRIPTION

.Nm

generates and manages authentication keys for

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.Nm

defaults to generating an RSA key for use by protocols 1.3 and 1.5;

specifying the

.Fl d

.Fl t

flag will create a DSA key instead for use by protocol 2.0.

option allows you to create a key for use by protocol 2.0.

.Pp

Normally each user wishing to use SSH

with RSA or DSA authentication runs this once to create the authentication

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appended.

The program also asks for a passphrase.

The passphrase may be empty to indicate no passphrase

(host keys must have empty passphrase), or it may be a string of

(host keys must have an empty passphrase), or it may be a string of

arbitrary length.

Good passphrases are 10-30 characters long and are

not simple sentences or otherwise easily guessable (English

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Used by

.Pa /etc/rc

when creating a new key.

.It Fl t Ar type

Specifies the type of the key to create.

The possible values are

.Dq rsa1

for protocol version 1 and

.Dq rsa

.Dq dsa

for protocol version 2.

The default is

.Dq rsa1 .

.It Fl B

Show the bubblebabble digest of specified private or public key file.

.It Fl C Ar comment

Provides the new comment.

.It Fl N Ar new_passphrase

Provides the new passphrase.

.It Fl P Ar passphrase

Provides the (old) passphrase.

.It Fl R

If RSA support is functional, immediately exits with code 0. If RSA

support is not functional, exits with code 1. This flag will be

removed once the RSA patent expires.

.It Fl x

This option will read a private

OpenSSH DSA format file and print a SSH2-compatible public key to stdout.

.It Fl X

This option will read a

This option will read a unencrypted

SSH2-compatible public key file and print an OpenSSH DSA compatible public key to stdout.

SSH2-compatible private (or public) key file and

print an OpenSSH compatible private (or public) key to stdout.

.It Fl y

This option will read a private

OpenSSH DSA format file and print an OpenSSH DSA public key to stdout.

OpenSSH format file and print an OpenSSH public key to stdout.

.El

.Sh FILES

.Bl -tag -width Ds

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The contents of this file should be added to

.Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys2

on all machines

where you wish to log in using DSA authentication.

where you wish to log in using public key authentication.

There is no need to keep the contents of this file secret.

.Sh AUTHOR

Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>

.Pp

OpenSSH

is a derivative of the original (free) ssh 1.2.12 release, but with bugs

removed and newer features re-added.

Rapidly after the 1.2.12 release,

newer versions bore successively more restrictive licenses.

This version of OpenSSH

.Bl -bullet

.It

has all components of a restrictive nature (i.e., patents, see

.Xr ssl 8 )

directly removed from the source code; any licensed or patented components

are chosen from

external libraries.

.It

has been updated to support ssh protocol 1.5.

.It

contains added support for

.Xr kerberos 8

authentication and ticket passing.

.It

supports one-time password authentication with

.Xr skey 1 .

.El

.Pp

.Sh AUTHORS

The libraries described in

OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free

.Xr ssl 8

ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.

are required for proper operation.

Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,

Theo de Raadt and Dug Song

removed many bugs, re-added newer features and

created OpenSSH.

Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH

protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.

.Sh SEE ALSO

.Xr ssh 1 ,

.Xr ssh-add 1 ,

.Xr ssh-agent 1 ,

.Xr sshd 8 ,

.Xr sshd 8

.Xr ssl 8