=================================================================== RCS file: /cvsrepo/anoncvs/cvs/src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh-keygen.c,v retrieving revision 1.54 retrieving revision 1.118 diff -u -r1.54 -r1.118 --- src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh-keygen.c 2001/04/03 13:56:11 1.54 +++ src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh-keygen.c 2004/12/23 17:38:07 1.118 @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ */ #include "includes.h" -RCSID("$OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.54 2001/04/03 13:56:11 stevesk Exp $"); +RCSID("$OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.118 2004/12/23 17:38:07 markus Exp $"); #include #include @@ -26,8 +26,13 @@ #include "bufaux.h" #include "pathnames.h" #include "log.h" -#include "readpass.h" +#include "misc.h" +#ifdef SMARTCARD +#include "scard.h" +#endif +#include "dns.h" + /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key. This value can be changed on the command line. */ int bits = 1024; @@ -66,39 +71,46 @@ int convert_to_ssh2 = 0; int convert_from_ssh2 = 0; int print_public = 0; +int print_generic = 0; -/* default to RSA for SSH-1 */ -char *key_type_name = "rsa1"; +char *key_type_name = NULL; /* argv0 */ extern char *__progname; char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; -void +/* moduli.c */ +int gen_candidates(FILE *, int, int, BIGNUM *); +int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t); + +static void ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt) { char buf[1024]; char *name = NULL; - switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) { - case KEY_RSA1: - name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY; - break; - case KEY_DSA: - name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA; - break; - case KEY_RSA: + if (key_type_name == NULL) name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA; - break; - default: - fprintf(stderr, "bad key type"); - exit(1); - break; - } + else + switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) { + case KEY_RSA1: + name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY; + break; + case KEY_DSA: + name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA; + break; + case KEY_RSA: + name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA; + break; + default: + fprintf(stderr, "bad key type"); + exit(1); + break; + } + snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name); fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file); - fflush(stderr); if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL) exit(1); if (strchr(buf, '\n')) @@ -108,15 +120,19 @@ have_identity = 1; } -Key * -try_load_pem_key(char *filename) +static Key * +load_identity(char *filename) { char *pass; Key *prv; - prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL); + prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL); if (prv == NULL) { - pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", 1); + if (identity_passphrase) + pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase); + else + pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", + RP_ALLOW_STDIN); prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL); memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass)); xfree(pass); @@ -125,15 +141,15 @@ } #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----" -#define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----" +#define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----" #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----" #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC 0x3f6ff9eb -void +static void do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw) { - Key *prv; - int len; + Key *k; + u_int len; u_char *blob; struct stat st; @@ -143,44 +159,55 @@ perror(identity_file); exit(1); } - prv = try_load_pem_key(identity_file); - if (prv == NULL) { - fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n"); + if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) { + if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) { + fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n"); + exit(1); + } + } + if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) { + fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n"); exit(1); } - key_to_blob(prv, &blob, &len); + if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) { + fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n"); + exit(1); + } fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN); fprintf(stdout, - "Comment: \"%d-bit %s, converted from OpenSSH by %s@%s\"\n", - key_size(prv), key_type(prv), + "Comment: \"%u-bit %s, converted from OpenSSH by %s@%s\"\n", + key_size(k), key_type(k), pw->pw_name, hostname); dump_base64(stdout, blob, len); fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END); - key_free(prv); + key_free(k); xfree(blob); exit(0); } -void +static void buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value) { - int bits = buffer_get_int(b); - int bytes = (bits + 7) / 8; + u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b); + u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8; if (buffer_len(b) < bytes) fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: " "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b)); - BN_bin2bn((u_char *)buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value); + BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value); buffer_consume(b, bytes); } -Key * -do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(char *blob, int blen) +static Key * +do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen) { Buffer b; Key *key = NULL; - int ignore, magic, rlen, ktype; char *type, *cipher; + u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345"; + int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4; + u_int slen; + u_long e; buffer_init(&b); buffer_append(&b, blob, blen); @@ -191,13 +218,13 @@ buffer_free(&b); return NULL; } - ignore = buffer_get_int(&b); + i1 = buffer_get_int(&b); type = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL); cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL); - ignore = buffer_get_int(&b); - ignore = buffer_get_int(&b); - ignore = buffer_get_int(&b); - + i2 = buffer_get_int(&b); + i3 = buffer_get_int(&b); + i4 = buffer_get_int(&b); + debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1,i2,i3,i4); if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) { error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher); xfree(cipher); @@ -212,6 +239,7 @@ } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) { ktype = KEY_RSA; } else { + buffer_free(&b); xfree(type); return NULL; } @@ -227,7 +255,17 @@ buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key); break; case KEY_RSA: - if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, (u_long) buffer_get_char(&b))) { + e = buffer_get_char(&b); + debug("e %lx", e); + if (e < 30) { + e <<= 8; + e += buffer_get_char(&b); + debug("e %lx", e); + e <<= 8; + e += buffer_get_char(&b); + debug("e %lx", e); + } + if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) { buffer_free(&b); key_free(key); return NULL; @@ -237,34 +275,30 @@ buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp); buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q); buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p); - generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa); + rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa); break; } rlen = buffer_len(&b); - if(rlen != 0) + if (rlen != 0) error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: " "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen); buffer_free(&b); -#ifdef DEBUG_PK - { - u_int slen; - u_char *sig, data[10] = "abcde12345"; - key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof data); - key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof data); - xfree(sig); - } -#endif + /* try the key */ + key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data)); + key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data)); + xfree(sig); return key; } -void +static void do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw) { Key *k; int blen; + u_int len; char line[1024], *p; - char blob[8096]; + u_char blob[8096]; char encoded[8096]; struct stat st; int escaped = 0, private = 0, ok; @@ -293,18 +327,27 @@ strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) { if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL) private = 1; - fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); + if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) { + break; + } + /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */ continue; } if (escaped) { escaped--; - fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); + /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */ continue; } *p = '\0'; strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded)); } - blen = uudecode(encoded, (u_char *)blob, sizeof(blob)); + len = strlen(encoded); + if (((len % 4) == 3) && + (encoded[len-1] == '=') && + (encoded[len-2] == '=') && + (encoded[len-3] == '=')) + encoded[len-3] = '\0'; + blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob)); if (blen < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n"); exit(1); @@ -326,12 +369,13 @@ exit(1); } key_free(k); - fprintf(stdout, "\n"); + if (!private) + fprintf(stdout, "\n"); fclose(fp); exit(0); } -void +static void do_print_public(struct passwd *pw) { Key *prv; @@ -343,7 +387,7 @@ perror(identity_file); exit(1); } - prv = try_load_pem_key(identity_file); + prv = load_identity(identity_file); if (prv == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n"); exit(1); @@ -355,13 +399,61 @@ exit(0); } -void +#ifdef SMARTCARD +static void +do_upload(struct passwd *pw, const char *sc_reader_id) +{ + Key *prv = NULL; + struct stat st; + int ret; + + if (!have_identity) + ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is"); + if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) { + perror(identity_file); + exit(1); + } + prv = load_identity(identity_file); + if (prv == NULL) { + error("load failed"); + exit(1); + } + ret = sc_put_key(prv, sc_reader_id); + key_free(prv); + if (ret < 0) + exit(1); + logit("loading key done"); + exit(0); +} + +static void +do_download(struct passwd *pw, const char *sc_reader_id) +{ + Key **keys = NULL; + int i; + + keys = sc_get_keys(sc_reader_id, NULL); + if (keys == NULL) + fatal("cannot read public key from smartcard"); + for (i = 0; keys[i]; i++) { + key_write(keys[i], stdout); + key_free(keys[i]); + fprintf(stdout, "\n"); + } + xfree(keys); + exit(0); +} +#endif /* SMARTCARD */ + +static void do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw) { FILE *f; Key *public; char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp; - int i, skip = 0, num = 1, invalid = 1, rep, fptype; + int i, skip = 0, num = 1, invalid = 1; + enum fp_rep rep; + enum fp_type fptype; struct stat st; fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5; @@ -376,7 +468,7 @@ public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment); if (public != NULL) { fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep); - printf("%d %s %s\n", key_size(public), fp, comment); + printf("%u %s %s\n", key_size(public), fp, comment); key_free(public); xfree(comment); xfree(fp); @@ -410,7 +502,8 @@ if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) { int quoted = 0; comment = cp; - for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' && *cp != '\t')); cp++) { + for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' && + *cp != '\t')); cp++) { if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"') cp++; /* Skip both */ else if (*cp == '"') @@ -433,7 +526,7 @@ } comment = *cp ? cp : comment; fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep); - printf("%d %s %s\n", key_size(public), fp, + printf("%u %s %s\n", key_size(public), fp, comment ? comment : "no comment"); xfree(fp); key_free(public); @@ -442,7 +535,7 @@ fclose(f); } if (invalid) { - printf("%s is not a valid key file.\n", identity_file); + printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file); exit(1); } exit(0); @@ -452,7 +545,7 @@ * Perform changing a passphrase. The argument is the passwd structure * for the current user. */ -void +static void do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw) { char *comment; @@ -472,8 +565,11 @@ if (identity_passphrase) old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase); else - old_passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ", 1); - private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase , &comment); + old_passphrase = + read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ", + RP_ALLOW_STDIN); + private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase, + &comment); memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase)); xfree(old_passphrase); if (private == NULL) { @@ -489,8 +585,10 @@ passphrase2 = NULL; } else { passphrase1 = - read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no passphrase): ", 1); - passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ", 1); + read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no " + "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN); + passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ", + RP_ALLOW_STDIN); /* Verify that they are the same. */ if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) { @@ -508,8 +606,7 @@ /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */ if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) { - printf("Saving the key failed: %s: %s.\n", - identity_file, strerror(errno)); + printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file); memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1)); xfree(passphrase1); key_free(private); @@ -527,9 +624,39 @@ } /* + * Print the SSHFP RR. + */ +static void +do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *hname) +{ + Key *public; + char *comment = NULL; + struct stat st; + + if (!have_identity) + ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is"); + if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) { + perror(identity_file); + exit(1); + } + public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment); + if (public != NULL) { + export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic); + key_free(public); + xfree(comment); + exit(0); + } + if (comment) + xfree(comment); + + printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", identity_file); + exit(1); +} + +/* * Change the comment of a private key file. */ -void +static void do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw) { char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase; @@ -552,7 +679,8 @@ else if (identity_new_passphrase) passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase); else - passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", 1); + passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", + RP_ALLOW_STDIN); /* Try to load using the passphrase. */ private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment); if (private == NULL) { @@ -568,7 +696,7 @@ fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n"); key_free(private); exit(1); - } + } printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment); if (identity_comment) { @@ -587,8 +715,7 @@ /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */ if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) { - printf("Saving the key failed: %s: %s.\n", - identity_file, strerror(errno)); + printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file); memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase)); xfree(passphrase); key_free(private); @@ -623,11 +750,35 @@ exit(0); } -void +static void usage(void) { - printf("Usage: %s [-lBpqxXyc] [-t type] [-b bits] [-f file] [-C comment] " - "[-N new-pass] [-P pass]\n", __progname); + fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options]\n", __progname); + fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -b bits Number of bits in the key to create.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -c Change comment in private and public key files.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -e Convert OpenSSH to IETF SECSH key file.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -f filename Filename of the key file.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -g Use generic DNS resource record format.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -i Convert IETF SECSH to OpenSSH key file.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -l Show fingerprint of key file.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -p Change passphrase of private key file.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -q Quiet.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -y Read private key file and print public key.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -t type Specify type of key to create.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -B Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -C comment Provide new comment.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -N phrase Provide new passphrase.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -P phrase Provide old passphrase.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n"); +#ifdef SMARTCARD + fprintf(stderr, " -D reader Download public key from smartcard.\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -U reader Upload private key to smartcard.\n"); +#endif /* SMARTCARD */ + + fprintf(stderr, " -G file Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli\n"); + fprintf(stderr, " -T file Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli\n"); + exit(1); } @@ -637,17 +788,24 @@ int main(int ac, char **av) { - char dotsshdir[16 * 1024], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2; + char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2; + char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *reader_id = NULL; + char *resource_record_hostname = NULL; Key *private, *public; struct passwd *pw; - int opt, type, fd; struct stat st; + int opt, type, fd, download = 0, memory = 0; + int generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100; + int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0; + int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO; + BIGNUM *start = NULL; FILE *f; extern int optind; extern char *optarg; SSLeay_add_all_algorithms(); + log_init(av[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1); /* we need this for the home * directory. */ pw = getpwuid(getuid()); @@ -660,7 +818,8 @@ exit(1); } - while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, "dqpclBRxXyb:f:t:P:N:C:")) != -1) { + while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, + "degiqpclBRvxXyb:f:t:U:D:P:N:C:r:g:T:G:M:S:a:W:")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'b': bits = atoi(optarg); @@ -669,74 +828,110 @@ exit(1); } break; - case 'l': print_fingerprint = 1; break; - case 'B': print_bubblebabble = 1; break; - case 'p': change_passphrase = 1; break; - case 'c': change_comment = 1; break; - case 'f': strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)); have_identity = 1; break; - + case 'g': + print_generic = 1; + break; case 'P': identity_passphrase = optarg; break; - case 'N': identity_new_passphrase = optarg; break; - case 'C': identity_comment = optarg; break; - case 'q': quiet = 1; break; - case 'R': /* unused */ exit(0); break; - + case 'e': case 'x': + /* export key */ convert_to_ssh2 = 1; break; - + case 'i': case 'X': + /* import key */ convert_from_ssh2 = 1; break; - case 'y': print_public = 1; break; - case 'd': key_type_name = "dsa"; break; - case 't': key_type_name = optarg; break; - + case 'D': + download = 1; + case 'U': + reader_id = optarg; + break; + case 'v': + if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO) + log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1; + else { + if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 && + log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3) + log_level++; + } + break; + case 'r': + resource_record_hostname = optarg; + break; + case 'W': + generator_wanted = atoi(optarg); + if (generator_wanted < 1) + fatal("Desired generator has bad value."); + break; + case 'a': + trials = atoi(optarg); + break; + case 'M': + memory = atoi(optarg); + break; + case 'G': + do_gen_candidates = 1; + strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)); + break; + case 'T': + do_screen_candidates = 1; + strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)); + break; + case 'S': + /* XXX - also compare length against bits */ + if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0) + fatal("Invalid start point."); + break; case '?': default: usage(); } } + + /* reinit */ + log_init(av[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1); + if (optind < ac) { printf("Too many arguments.\n"); usage(); @@ -757,9 +952,62 @@ do_convert_from_ssh2(pw); if (print_public) do_print_public(pw); + if (resource_record_hostname != NULL) { + do_print_resource_record(pw, resource_record_hostname); + } + if (reader_id != NULL) { +#ifdef SMARTCARD + if (download) + do_download(pw, reader_id); + else + do_upload(pw, reader_id); +#else /* SMARTCARD */ + fatal("no support for smartcards."); +#endif /* SMARTCARD */ + } + if (do_gen_candidates) { + FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w"); + + if (out == NULL) { + error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s", + out_file, strerror(errno)); + return (1); + } + if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0) + fatal("modulus candidate generation failed\n"); + + return (0); + } + + if (do_screen_candidates) { + FILE *in; + FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w"); + + if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) { + if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) { + fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate " + "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file, + strerror(errno)); + } + } else + in = stdin; + + if (out == NULL) { + fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s", + out_file, strerror(errno)); + } + if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted) != 0) + fatal("modulus screening failed\n"); + return (0); + } + arc4random_stir(); + if (key_type_name == NULL) { + printf("You must specify a key type (-t).\n"); + usage(); + } type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name); if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) { fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name); @@ -805,10 +1053,15 @@ else { passphrase_again: passphrase1 = - read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): ", 1); - passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ", 1); + read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no " + "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN); + passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ", + RP_ALLOW_STDIN); if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) { - /* The passphrases do not match. Clear them and retry. */ + /* + * The passphrases do not match. Clear them and + * retry. + */ memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1)); memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2)); xfree(passphrase1); @@ -830,8 +1083,7 @@ /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */ if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) { - printf("Saving the key failed: %s: %s.\n", - identity_file, strerror(errno)); + printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file); memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1)); xfree(passphrase1); exit(1);