[BACK]Return to ssh_config.5 CVS log [TXT][DIR] Up to [local] / src / usr.bin / ssh

Annotation of src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh_config.5, Revision 1.35

1.1       stevesk     1: .\"  -*- nroff -*-
                      2: .\"
                      3: .\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
                      4: .\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
                      5: .\"                    All rights reserved
                      6: .\"
                      7: .\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
                      8: .\" can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
                      9: .\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
                     10: .\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
                     11: .\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
                     12: .\"
                     13: .\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
                     14: .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell.  All rights reserved.
                     15: .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt.  All rights reserved.
                     16: .\"
                     17: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
                     18: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
                     19: .\" are met:
                     20: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
                     21: .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
                     22: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
                     23: .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
                     24: .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
                     25: .\"
                     26: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
                     27: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
                     28: .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
                     29: .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
                     30: .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
                     31: .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
                     32: .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
                     33: .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
                     34: .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
                     35: .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
                     36: .\"
1.35    ! dtucker    37: .\" $OpenBSD: ssh_config.5,v 1.34 2004/05/06 11:24:23 jmc Exp $
1.1       stevesk    38: .Dd September 25, 1999
                     39: .Dt SSH_CONFIG 5
                     40: .Os
                     41: .Sh NAME
                     42: .Nm ssh_config
                     43: .Nd OpenSSH SSH client configuration files
                     44: .Sh SYNOPSIS
                     45: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
                     46: .It Pa $HOME/.ssh/config
                     47: .It Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_config
                     48: .El
                     49: .Sh DESCRIPTION
                     50: .Nm ssh
                     51: obtains configuration data from the following sources in
                     52: the following order:
1.2       stevesk    53: .Bl -enum -offset indent -compact
                     54: .It
                     55: command-line options
                     56: .It
                     57: user's configuration file
                     58: .Pq Pa $HOME/.ssh/config
                     59: .It
                     60: system-wide configuration file
                     61: .Pq Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_config
                     62: .El
1.1       stevesk    63: .Pp
                     64: For each parameter, the first obtained value
                     65: will be used.
                     66: The configuration files contain sections bracketed by
                     67: .Dq Host
                     68: specifications, and that section is only applied for hosts that
                     69: match one of the patterns given in the specification.
                     70: The matched host name is the one given on the command line.
                     71: .Pp
                     72: Since the first obtained value for each parameter is used, more
                     73: host-specific declarations should be given near the beginning of the
                     74: file, and general defaults at the end.
                     75: .Pp
                     76: The configuration file has the following format:
                     77: .Pp
                     78: Empty lines and lines starting with
                     79: .Ql #
                     80: are comments.
                     81: .Pp
                     82: Otherwise a line is of the format
                     83: .Dq keyword arguments .
                     84: Configuration options may be separated by whitespace or
                     85: optional whitespace and exactly one
                     86: .Ql = ;
                     87: the latter format is useful to avoid the need to quote whitespace
                     88: when specifying configuration options using the
                     89: .Nm ssh ,
                     90: .Nm scp
                     91: and
                     92: .Nm sftp
                     93: .Fl o
                     94: option.
                     95: .Pp
                     96: The possible
                     97: keywords and their meanings are as follows (note that
                     98: keywords are case-insensitive and arguments are case-sensitive):
                     99: .Bl -tag -width Ds
                    100: .It Cm Host
                    101: Restricts the following declarations (up to the next
                    102: .Cm Host
                    103: keyword) to be only for those hosts that match one of the patterns
                    104: given after the keyword.
                    105: .Ql \&*
                    106: and
1.20      jmc       107: .Ql \&?
1.1       stevesk   108: can be used as wildcards in the
                    109: patterns.
                    110: A single
                    111: .Ql \&*
                    112: as a pattern can be used to provide global
                    113: defaults for all hosts.
                    114: The host is the
                    115: .Ar hostname
                    116: argument given on the command line (i.e., the name is not converted to
                    117: a canonicalized host name before matching).
1.10      djm       118: .It Cm AddressFamily
1.11      jmc       119: Specifies which address family to use when connecting.
                    120: Valid arguments are
1.10      djm       121: .Dq any ,
                    122: .Dq inet
                    123: (Use IPv4 only) or
                    124: .Dq inet6
                    125: (Use IPv6 only.)
1.1       stevesk   126: .It Cm BatchMode
                    127: If set to
                    128: .Dq yes ,
                    129: passphrase/password querying will be disabled.
                    130: This option is useful in scripts and other batch jobs where no user
                    131: is present to supply the password.
                    132: The argument must be
                    133: .Dq yes
                    134: or
                    135: .Dq no .
                    136: The default is
                    137: .Dq no .
                    138: .It Cm BindAddress
                    139: Specify the interface to transmit from on machines with multiple
                    140: interfaces or aliased addresses.
                    141: Note that this option does not work if
                    142: .Cm UsePrivilegedPort
                    143: is set to
                    144: .Dq yes .
                    145: .It Cm ChallengeResponseAuthentication
                    146: Specifies whether to use challenge response authentication.
                    147: The argument to this keyword must be
                    148: .Dq yes
                    149: or
                    150: .Dq no .
                    151: The default is
                    152: .Dq yes .
                    153: .It Cm CheckHostIP
                    154: If this flag is set to
                    155: .Dq yes ,
                    156: ssh will additionally check the host IP address in the
                    157: .Pa known_hosts
                    158: file.
                    159: This allows ssh to detect if a host key changed due to DNS spoofing.
                    160: If the option is set to
                    161: .Dq no ,
                    162: the check will not be executed.
                    163: The default is
                    164: .Dq yes .
                    165: .It Cm Cipher
                    166: Specifies the cipher to use for encrypting the session
                    167: in protocol version 1.
                    168: Currently,
                    169: .Dq blowfish ,
                    170: .Dq 3des ,
                    171: and
                    172: .Dq des
                    173: are supported.
                    174: .Ar des
                    175: is only supported in the
                    176: .Nm ssh
                    177: client for interoperability with legacy protocol 1 implementations
                    178: that do not support the
                    179: .Ar 3des
1.7       jmc       180: cipher.
                    181: Its use is strongly discouraged due to cryptographic weaknesses.
1.1       stevesk   182: The default is
                    183: .Dq 3des .
                    184: .It Cm Ciphers
                    185: Specifies the ciphers allowed for protocol version 2
                    186: in order of preference.
                    187: Multiple ciphers must be comma-separated.
1.35    ! dtucker   188: The supported ciphers are
        !           189: .Dq 3des-cbc ,
        !           190: .Dq aes128-cbc ,
        !           191: .Dq aes192-cbc ,
        !           192: .Dq aes256-cbc ,
        !           193: .Dq aes128-ctr ,
        !           194: .Dq aes192-ctr ,
        !           195: .Dq aes256-ctr ,
        !           196: .Dq arcfour ,
        !           197: .Dq blowfish-cbc ,
        !           198: and
        !           199: .Dq cast128-cbc .
1.1       stevesk   200: The default is
                    201: .Bd -literal
                    202:   ``aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour,
                    203:     aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc''
                    204: .Ed
                    205: .It Cm ClearAllForwardings
                    206: Specifies that all local, remote and dynamic port forwardings
                    207: specified in the configuration files or on the command line be
1.7       jmc       208: cleared.
                    209: This option is primarily useful when used from the
1.1       stevesk   210: .Nm ssh
                    211: command line to clear port forwardings set in
                    212: configuration files, and is automatically set by
                    213: .Xr scp 1
                    214: and
                    215: .Xr sftp 1 .
                    216: The argument must be
                    217: .Dq yes
                    218: or
                    219: .Dq no .
                    220: The default is
                    221: .Dq no .
                    222: .It Cm Compression
                    223: Specifies whether to use compression.
                    224: The argument must be
                    225: .Dq yes
                    226: or
                    227: .Dq no .
                    228: The default is
                    229: .Dq no .
                    230: .It Cm CompressionLevel
                    231: Specifies the compression level to use if compression is enabled.
                    232: The argument must be an integer from 1 (fast) to 9 (slow, best).
                    233: The default level is 6, which is good for most applications.
                    234: The meaning of the values is the same as in
                    235: .Xr gzip 1 .
                    236: Note that this option applies to protocol version 1 only.
                    237: .It Cm ConnectionAttempts
                    238: Specifies the number of tries (one per second) to make before exiting.
                    239: The argument must be an integer.
                    240: This may be useful in scripts if the connection sometimes fails.
                    241: The default is 1.
1.9       djm       242: .It Cm ConnectTimeout
                    243: Specifies the timeout (in seconds) used when connecting to the ssh
1.11      jmc       244: server, instead of using the default system TCP timeout.
                    245: This value is used only when the target is down or really unreachable,
                    246: not when it refuses the connection.
1.1       stevesk   247: .It Cm DynamicForward
                    248: Specifies that a TCP/IP port on the local machine be forwarded
                    249: over the secure channel, and the application
                    250: protocol is then used to determine where to connect to from the
1.7       jmc       251: remote machine.
                    252: The argument must be a port number.
1.15      markus    253: Currently the SOCKS4 and SOCKS5 protocols are supported, and
1.1       stevesk   254: .Nm ssh
1.15      markus    255: will act as a SOCKS server.
1.1       stevesk   256: Multiple forwardings may be specified, and
1.7       jmc       257: additional forwardings can be given on the command line.
                    258: Only the superuser can forward privileged ports.
1.14      markus    259: .It Cm EnableSSHKeysign
                    260: Setting this option to
                    261: .Dq yes
                    262: in the global client configuration file
                    263: .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_config
                    264: enables the use of the helper program
                    265: .Xr ssh-keysign 8
                    266: during
                    267: .Cm HostbasedAuthentication .
                    268: The argument must be
                    269: .Dq yes
                    270: or
                    271: .Dq no .
                    272: The default is
                    273: .Dq no .
1.23      jmc       274: This option should be placed in the non-hostspecific section.
1.14      markus    275: See
                    276: .Xr ssh-keysign 8
                    277: for more information.
1.1       stevesk   278: .It Cm EscapeChar
                    279: Sets the escape character (default:
                    280: .Ql ~ ) .
                    281: The escape character can also
                    282: be set on the command line.
                    283: The argument should be a single character,
                    284: .Ql ^
                    285: followed by a letter, or
                    286: .Dq none
                    287: to disable the escape
                    288: character entirely (making the connection transparent for binary
                    289: data).
                    290: .It Cm ForwardAgent
                    291: Specifies whether the connection to the authentication agent (if any)
                    292: will be forwarded to the remote machine.
                    293: The argument must be
                    294: .Dq yes
                    295: or
                    296: .Dq no .
                    297: The default is
                    298: .Dq no .
1.3       stevesk   299: .Pp
1.7       jmc       300: Agent forwarding should be enabled with caution.
                    301: Users with the ability to bypass file permissions on the remote host
                    302: (for the agent's Unix-domain socket)
                    303: can access the local agent through the forwarded connection.
                    304: An attacker cannot obtain key material from the agent,
1.3       stevesk   305: however they can perform operations on the keys that enable them to
                    306: authenticate using the identities loaded into the agent.
1.1       stevesk   307: .It Cm ForwardX11
                    308: Specifies whether X11 connections will be automatically redirected
                    309: over the secure channel and
                    310: .Ev DISPLAY
                    311: set.
                    312: The argument must be
                    313: .Dq yes
                    314: or
                    315: .Dq no .
                    316: The default is
                    317: .Dq no .
1.3       stevesk   318: .Pp
1.7       jmc       319: X11 forwarding should be enabled with caution.
                    320: Users with the ability to bypass file permissions on the remote host
1.22      markus    321: (for the user's X11 authorization database)
1.7       jmc       322: can access the local X11 display through the forwarded connection.
1.22      markus    323: An attacker may then be able to perform activities such as keystroke monitoring
                    324: if the
                    325: .Cm ForwardX11Trusted
                    326: option is also enabled.
                    327: .It Cm ForwardX11Trusted
1.34      jmc       328: If this option is set to
1.22      markus    329: .Dq yes
                    330: then remote X11 clients will have full access to the original X11 display.
                    331: If this option is set to
                    332: .Dq no
                    333: then remote X11 clients will be considered untrusted and prevented
                    334: from stealing or tampering with data belonging to trusted X11
                    335: clients.
                    336: .Pp
                    337: The default is
                    338: .Dq no .
                    339: .Pp
                    340: See the X11 SECURITY extension specification for full details on
                    341: the restrictions imposed on untrusted clients.
1.1       stevesk   342: .It Cm GatewayPorts
                    343: Specifies whether remote hosts are allowed to connect to local
                    344: forwarded ports.
                    345: By default,
                    346: .Nm ssh
1.7       jmc       347: binds local port forwardings to the loopback address.
                    348: This prevents other remote hosts from connecting to forwarded ports.
1.1       stevesk   349: .Cm GatewayPorts
                    350: can be used to specify that
                    351: .Nm ssh
                    352: should bind local port forwardings to the wildcard address,
                    353: thus allowing remote hosts to connect to forwarded ports.
                    354: The argument must be
                    355: .Dq yes
                    356: or
                    357: .Dq no .
                    358: The default is
                    359: .Dq no .
                    360: .It Cm GlobalKnownHostsFile
                    361: Specifies a file to use for the global
                    362: host key database instead of
                    363: .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts .
1.18      markus    364: .It Cm GSSAPIAuthentication
1.27      markus    365: Specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is allowed.
1.20      jmc       366: The default is
1.21      markus    367: .Dq no .
1.18      markus    368: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
                    369: .It Cm GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
                    370: Forward (delegate) credentials to the server.
                    371: The default is
                    372: .Dq no .
                    373: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.1       stevesk   374: .It Cm HostbasedAuthentication
                    375: Specifies whether to try rhosts based authentication with public key
                    376: authentication.
                    377: The argument must be
                    378: .Dq yes
                    379: or
                    380: .Dq no .
                    381: The default is
                    382: .Dq no .
                    383: This option applies to protocol version 2 only and
                    384: is similar to
                    385: .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication .
                    386: .It Cm HostKeyAlgorithms
                    387: Specifies the protocol version 2 host key algorithms
                    388: that the client wants to use in order of preference.
                    389: The default for this option is:
                    390: .Dq ssh-rsa,ssh-dss .
                    391: .It Cm HostKeyAlias
                    392: Specifies an alias that should be used instead of the
                    393: real host name when looking up or saving the host key
                    394: in the host key database files.
                    395: This option is useful for tunneling ssh connections
                    396: or for multiple servers running on a single host.
                    397: .It Cm HostName
                    398: Specifies the real host name to log into.
                    399: This can be used to specify nicknames or abbreviations for hosts.
                    400: Default is the name given on the command line.
                    401: Numeric IP addresses are also permitted (both on the command line and in
                    402: .Cm HostName
                    403: specifications).
                    404: .It Cm IdentityFile
                    405: Specifies a file from which the user's RSA or DSA authentication identity
1.11      jmc       406: is read.
                    407: The default is
1.1       stevesk   408: .Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity
                    409: for protocol version 1, and
                    410: .Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
                    411: and
                    412: .Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa
                    413: for protocol version 2.
                    414: Additionally, any identities represented by the authentication agent
                    415: will be used for authentication.
                    416: The file name may use the tilde
                    417: syntax to refer to a user's home directory.
                    418: It is possible to have
                    419: multiple identity files specified in configuration files; all these
                    420: identities will be tried in sequence.
1.29      markus    421: .It Cm IdentitiesOnly
                    422: Specifies that
                    423: .Nm ssh
                    424: should only use the authentication identity files configured in the
1.31      jmc       425: .Nm
1.29      markus    426: files,
                    427: even if the
                    428: .Nm ssh-agent
                    429: offers more identities.
                    430: The argument to this keyword must be
                    431: .Dq yes
                    432: or
                    433: .Dq no .
                    434: This option is intented for situations where
                    435: .Nm ssh-agent
                    436: offers many different identities.
                    437: The default is
                    438: .Dq no .
1.1       stevesk   439: .It Cm LocalForward
                    440: Specifies that a TCP/IP port on the local machine be forwarded over
                    441: the secure channel to the specified host and port from the remote machine.
                    442: The first argument must be a port number, and the second must be
                    443: .Ar host:port .
                    444: IPv6 addresses can be specified with an alternative syntax:
                    445: .Ar host/port .
                    446: Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional
                    447: forwardings can be given on the command line.
                    448: Only the superuser can forward privileged ports.
                    449: .It Cm LogLevel
                    450: Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from
                    451: .Nm ssh .
                    452: The possible values are:
                    453: QUIET, FATAL, ERROR, INFO, VERBOSE, DEBUG, DEBUG1, DEBUG2 and DEBUG3.
1.7       jmc       454: The default is INFO.
                    455: DEBUG and DEBUG1 are equivalent.
                    456: DEBUG2 and DEBUG3 each specify higher levels of verbose output.
1.1       stevesk   457: .It Cm MACs
                    458: Specifies the MAC (message authentication code) algorithms
                    459: in order of preference.
                    460: The MAC algorithm is used in protocol version 2
                    461: for data integrity protection.
                    462: Multiple algorithms must be comma-separated.
                    463: The default is
                    464: .Dq hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 .
                    465: .It Cm NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
                    466: This option can be used if the home directory is shared across machines.
                    467: In this case localhost will refer to a different machine on each of
                    468: the machines and the user will get many warnings about changed host keys.
                    469: However, this option disables host authentication for localhost.
                    470: The argument to this keyword must be
                    471: .Dq yes
                    472: or
                    473: .Dq no .
                    474: The default is to check the host key for localhost.
                    475: .It Cm NumberOfPasswordPrompts
                    476: Specifies the number of password prompts before giving up.
                    477: The argument to this keyword must be an integer.
                    478: Default is 3.
                    479: .It Cm PasswordAuthentication
                    480: Specifies whether to use password authentication.
                    481: The argument to this keyword must be
                    482: .Dq yes
                    483: or
                    484: .Dq no .
                    485: The default is
                    486: .Dq yes .
                    487: .It Cm Port
                    488: Specifies the port number to connect on the remote host.
                    489: Default is 22.
                    490: .It Cm PreferredAuthentications
                    491: Specifies the order in which the client should try protocol 2
1.11      jmc       492: authentication methods.
                    493: This allows a client to prefer one method (e.g.
1.1       stevesk   494: .Cm keyboard-interactive )
                    495: over another method (e.g.
                    496: .Cm password )
                    497: The default for this option is:
                    498: .Dq hostbased,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password .
                    499: .It Cm Protocol
                    500: Specifies the protocol versions
                    501: .Nm ssh
                    502: should support in order of preference.
                    503: The possible values are
                    504: .Dq 1
                    505: and
                    506: .Dq 2 .
                    507: Multiple versions must be comma-separated.
                    508: The default is
                    509: .Dq 2,1 .
                    510: This means that
                    511: .Nm ssh
                    512: tries version 2 and falls back to version 1
                    513: if version 2 is not available.
                    514: .It Cm ProxyCommand
                    515: Specifies the command to use to connect to the server.
                    516: The command
                    517: string extends to the end of the line, and is executed with
                    518: .Pa /bin/sh .
                    519: In the command string,
                    520: .Ql %h
                    521: will be substituted by the host name to
                    522: connect and
                    523: .Ql %p
                    524: by the port.
                    525: The command can be basically anything,
                    526: and should read from its standard input and write to its standard output.
                    527: It should eventually connect an
                    528: .Xr sshd 8
                    529: server running on some machine, or execute
                    530: .Ic sshd -i
                    531: somewhere.
                    532: Host key management will be done using the
                    533: HostName of the host being connected (defaulting to the name typed by
                    534: the user).
1.7       jmc       535: Setting the command to
                    536: .Dq none
1.6       markus    537: disables this option entirely.
1.1       stevesk   538: Note that
                    539: .Cm CheckHostIP
                    540: is not available for connects with a proxy command.
                    541: .Pp
                    542: .It Cm PubkeyAuthentication
                    543: Specifies whether to try public key authentication.
                    544: The argument to this keyword must be
                    545: .Dq yes
                    546: or
                    547: .Dq no .
                    548: The default is
                    549: .Dq yes .
                    550: This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
                    551: .It Cm RemoteForward
                    552: Specifies that a TCP/IP port on the remote machine be forwarded over
                    553: the secure channel to the specified host and port from the local machine.
                    554: The first argument must be a port number, and the second must be
                    555: .Ar host:port .
                    556: IPv6 addresses can be specified with an alternative syntax:
                    557: .Ar host/port .
                    558: Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional
                    559: forwardings can be given on the command line.
                    560: Only the superuser can forward privileged ports.
                    561: .It Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
                    562: Specifies whether to try rhosts based authentication with RSA host
                    563: authentication.
                    564: The argument must be
                    565: .Dq yes
                    566: or
                    567: .Dq no .
                    568: The default is
                    569: .Dq no .
                    570: This option applies to protocol version 1 only and requires
                    571: .Nm ssh
                    572: to be setuid root.
                    573: .It Cm RSAAuthentication
                    574: Specifies whether to try RSA authentication.
                    575: The argument to this keyword must be
                    576: .Dq yes
                    577: or
                    578: .Dq no .
                    579: RSA authentication will only be
                    580: attempted if the identity file exists, or an authentication agent is
                    581: running.
                    582: The default is
                    583: .Dq yes .
                    584: Note that this option applies to protocol version 1 only.
1.32      djm       585: .It Cm SendEnv
                    586: Specifies what variables from the local
                    587: .Xr environ 7
                    588: should be sent to the server.
                    589: Note that environment passing is only supported for protocol 2, the
1.33      djm       590: server must also support it, and the server must be configured to
                    591: accept these environment variables.
1.32      djm       592: Refer to
                    593: .Cm AcceptEnv
                    594: in
                    595: .Xr sshd_config 5
                    596: for how to configure the server.
                    597: Variables are specified by name, which may contain the wildcard characters
                    598: .Ql \&*
                    599: and
                    600: .Ql \&? .
1.33      djm       601: Multiple environment variables may be separated by whitespace or spread
1.32      djm       602: across multiple
                    603: .Cm SendEnv
                    604: directives.
                    605: The default is not to send any environment variables.
1.28      markus    606: .It Cm ServerAliveInterval
                    607: Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has been received
                    608: from the server,
                    609: .Nm ssh
                    610: will send a message through the encrypted
                    611: channel to request a response from the server.
                    612: The default
                    613: is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent to the server.
                    614: This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
                    615: .It Cm ServerAliveCountMax
                    616: Sets the number of server alive messages (see above) which may be
                    617: sent without
                    618: .Nm ssh
                    619: receiving any messages back from the server.
                    620: If this threshold is reached while server alive messages are being sent,
                    621: .Nm ssh
                    622: will disconnect from the server, terminating the session.
                    623: It is important to note that the use of server alive messages is very
                    624: different from
                    625: .Cm TCPKeepAlive
                    626: (below).
                    627: The server alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel
                    628: and therefore will not be spoofable.
                    629: The TCP keepalive option enabled by
                    630: .Cm TCPKeepAlive
                    631: is spoofable.
                    632: The server alive mechanism is valuable when the client or
                    633: server depend on knowing when a connection has become inactive.
                    634: .Pp
                    635: The default value is 3.
                    636: If, for example,
                    637: .Cm ServerAliveInterval
                    638: (above) is set to 15, and
                    639: .Cm ServerAliveCountMax
                    640: is left at the default, if the server becomes unresponsive ssh
                    641: will disconnect after approximately 45 seconds.
1.1       stevesk   642: .It Cm SmartcardDevice
1.11      jmc       643: Specifies which smartcard device to use.
                    644: The argument to this keyword is the device
1.1       stevesk   645: .Nm ssh
                    646: should use to communicate with a smartcard used for storing the user's
1.11      jmc       647: private RSA key.
                    648: By default, no device is specified and smartcard support is not activated.
1.1       stevesk   649: .It Cm StrictHostKeyChecking
                    650: If this flag is set to
                    651: .Dq yes ,
                    652: .Nm ssh
                    653: will never automatically add host keys to the
                    654: .Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts
                    655: file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed.
                    656: This provides maximum protection against trojan horse attacks,
                    657: however, can be annoying when the
                    658: .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
                    659: file is poorly maintained, or connections to new hosts are
                    660: frequently made.
                    661: This option forces the user to manually
                    662: add all new hosts.
                    663: If this flag is set to
                    664: .Dq no ,
                    665: .Nm ssh
                    666: will automatically add new host keys to the
                    667: user known hosts files.
                    668: If this flag is set to
                    669: .Dq ask ,
                    670: new host keys
                    671: will be added to the user known host files only after the user
                    672: has confirmed that is what they really want to do, and
                    673: .Nm ssh
                    674: will refuse to connect to hosts whose host key has changed.
                    675: The host keys of
                    676: known hosts will be verified automatically in all cases.
                    677: The argument must be
                    678: .Dq yes ,
                    679: .Dq no
                    680: or
                    681: .Dq ask .
                    682: The default is
                    683: .Dq ask .
1.26      markus    684: .It Cm TCPKeepAlive
                    685: Specifies whether the system should send TCP keepalive messages to the
                    686: other side.
                    687: If they are sent, death of the connection or crash of one
                    688: of the machines will be properly noticed.
                    689: However, this means that
                    690: connections will die if the route is down temporarily, and some people
                    691: find it annoying.
                    692: .Pp
                    693: The default is
                    694: .Dq yes
                    695: (to send TCP keepalive messages), and the client will notice
                    696: if the network goes down or the remote host dies.
                    697: This is important in scripts, and many users want it too.
                    698: .Pp
                    699: To disable TCP keepalive messages, the value should be set to
                    700: .Dq no .
1.1       stevesk   701: .It Cm UsePrivilegedPort
                    702: Specifies whether to use a privileged port for outgoing connections.
                    703: The argument must be
                    704: .Dq yes
                    705: or
                    706: .Dq no .
                    707: The default is
                    708: .Dq no .
1.4       stevesk   709: If set to
                    710: .Dq yes
                    711: .Nm ssh
                    712: must be setuid root.
1.1       stevesk   713: Note that this option must be set to
                    714: .Dq yes
1.17      markus    715: for
1.1       stevesk   716: .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
1.17      markus    717: with older servers.
1.1       stevesk   718: .It Cm User
                    719: Specifies the user to log in as.
                    720: This can be useful when a different user name is used on different machines.
                    721: This saves the trouble of
                    722: having to remember to give the user name on the command line.
                    723: .It Cm UserKnownHostsFile
                    724: Specifies a file to use for the user
                    725: host key database instead of
                    726: .Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts .
1.8       jakob     727: .It Cm VerifyHostKeyDNS
                    728: Specifies whether to verify the remote key using DNS and SSHFP resource
                    729: records.
1.24      jakob     730: If this option is set to
                    731: .Dq yes ,
1.25      jmc       732: the client will implicitly trust keys that match a secure fingerprint
1.24      jakob     733: from DNS.
                    734: Insecure fingerprints will be handled as if this option was set to
                    735: .Dq ask .
                    736: If this option is set to
                    737: .Dq ask ,
                    738: information on fingerprint match will be displayed, but the user will still
                    739: need to confirm new host keys according to the
                    740: .Cm StrictHostKeyChecking
                    741: option.
                    742: The argument must be
                    743: .Dq yes ,
                    744: .Dq no
1.25      jmc       745: or
                    746: .Dq ask .
1.8       jakob     747: The default is
                    748: .Dq no .
1.12      jakob     749: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.1       stevesk   750: .It Cm XAuthLocation
1.5       stevesk   751: Specifies the full pathname of the
1.1       stevesk   752: .Xr xauth 1
                    753: program.
                    754: The default is
                    755: .Pa /usr/X11R6/bin/xauth .
                    756: .El
                    757: .Sh FILES
                    758: .Bl -tag -width Ds
                    759: .It Pa $HOME/.ssh/config
                    760: This is the per-user configuration file.
                    761: The format of this file is described above.
                    762: This file is used by the
                    763: .Nm ssh
                    764: client.
1.30      djm       765: Because of the potential for abuse, this file must have strict permissions:
                    766: read/write for the user, and not accessible by others.
1.1       stevesk   767: .It Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_config
                    768: Systemwide configuration file.
                    769: This file provides defaults for those
                    770: values that are not specified in the user's configuration file, and
                    771: for those users who do not have a configuration file.
                    772: This file must be world-readable.
                    773: .El
1.13      jmc       774: .Sh SEE ALSO
                    775: .Xr ssh 1
1.1       stevesk   776: .Sh AUTHORS
                    777: OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
                    778: ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
                    779: Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
                    780: Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
                    781: removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
                    782: created OpenSSH.
                    783: Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
                    784: protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.