Annotation of src/usr.bin/ssh/sshd_config.5, Revision 1.125
1.1 stevesk 1: .\" -*- nroff -*-
2: .\"
3: .\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4: .\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5: .\" All rights reserved
6: .\"
7: .\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
8: .\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
9: .\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
10: .\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
11: .\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
12: .\"
13: .\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved.
14: .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell. All rights reserved.
15: .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt. All rights reserved.
16: .\"
17: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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20: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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25: .\"
26: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
27: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
28: .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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1.125 ! jmc 37: .\" $OpenBSD: sshd_config.5,v 1.124 2010/06/29 23:16:46 djm Exp $
! 38: .Dd $Mdocdate: June 29 2010 $
1.1 stevesk 39: .Dt SSHD_CONFIG 5
40: .Os
41: .Sh NAME
42: .Nm sshd_config
43: .Nd OpenSSH SSH daemon configuration file
44: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.71 jmc 45: .Nm /etc/ssh/sshd_config
1.1 stevesk 46: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.53 jmc 47: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 48: reads configuration data from
49: .Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config
50: (or the file specified with
51: .Fl f
52: on the command line).
53: The file contains keyword-argument pairs, one per line.
54: Lines starting with
55: .Ql #
56: and empty lines are interpreted as comments.
1.56 dtucker 57: Arguments may optionally be enclosed in double quotes
58: .Pq \&"
59: in order to represent arguments containing spaces.
1.1 stevesk 60: .Pp
61: The possible
62: keywords and their meanings are as follows (note that
63: keywords are case-insensitive and arguments are case-sensitive):
64: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.30 djm 65: .It Cm AcceptEnv
66: Specifies what environment variables sent by the client will be copied into
67: the session's
68: .Xr environ 7 .
69: See
70: .Cm SendEnv
71: in
72: .Xr ssh_config 5
73: for how to configure the client.
1.31 djm 74: Note that environment passing is only supported for protocol 2.
1.30 djm 75: Variables are specified by name, which may contain the wildcard characters
1.51 jmc 76: .Ql *
1.30 djm 77: and
78: .Ql \&? .
1.31 djm 79: Multiple environment variables may be separated by whitespace or spread
1.30 djm 80: across multiple
81: .Cm AcceptEnv
82: directives.
1.31 djm 83: Be warned that some environment variables could be used to bypass restricted
1.30 djm 84: user environments.
85: For this reason, care should be taken in the use of this directive.
86: The default is not to accept any environment variables.
1.37 djm 87: .It Cm AddressFamily
88: Specifies which address family should be used by
1.53 jmc 89: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.37 djm 90: Valid arguments are
91: .Dq any ,
92: .Dq inet
1.52 jmc 93: (use IPv4 only), or
1.37 djm 94: .Dq inet6
95: (use IPv6 only).
96: The default is
97: .Dq any .
1.89 jmc 98: .It Cm AllowAgentForwarding
99: Specifies whether
100: .Xr ssh-agent 1
101: forwarding is permitted.
102: The default is
103: .Dq yes .
104: Note that disabling agent forwarding does not improve security
105: unless users are also denied shell access, as they can always install
106: their own forwarders.
1.1 stevesk 107: .It Cm AllowGroups
108: This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns, separated
109: by spaces.
110: If specified, login is allowed only for users whose primary
111: group or supplementary group list matches one of the patterns.
112: Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recognized.
113: By default, login is allowed for all groups.
1.54 jmc 114: The allow/deny directives are processed in the following order:
115: .Cm DenyUsers ,
116: .Cm AllowUsers ,
117: .Cm DenyGroups ,
118: and finally
119: .Cm AllowGroups .
1.49 jmc 120: .Pp
121: See
122: .Sx PATTERNS
123: in
124: .Xr ssh_config 5
125: for more information on patterns.
1.1 stevesk 126: .It Cm AllowTcpForwarding
127: Specifies whether TCP forwarding is permitted.
128: The default is
129: .Dq yes .
130: Note that disabling TCP forwarding does not improve security unless
131: users are also denied shell access, as they can always install their
132: own forwarders.
133: .It Cm AllowUsers
134: This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns, separated
135: by spaces.
1.14 jmc 136: If specified, login is allowed only for user names that
1.1 stevesk 137: match one of the patterns.
138: Only user names are valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized.
139: By default, login is allowed for all users.
140: If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST
141: are separately checked, restricting logins to particular
142: users from particular hosts.
1.54 jmc 143: The allow/deny directives are processed in the following order:
144: .Cm DenyUsers ,
145: .Cm AllowUsers ,
146: .Cm DenyGroups ,
147: and finally
148: .Cm AllowGroups .
1.49 jmc 149: .Pp
150: See
151: .Sx PATTERNS
152: in
153: .Xr ssh_config 5
154: for more information on patterns.
1.1 stevesk 155: .It Cm AuthorizedKeysFile
156: Specifies the file that contains the public keys that can be used
157: for user authentication.
1.124 djm 158: The format is described in the
159: .Sx AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT
160: section of
161: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.1 stevesk 162: .Cm AuthorizedKeysFile
163: may contain tokens of the form %T which are substituted during connection
1.52 jmc 164: setup.
1.17 jmc 165: The following tokens are defined: %% is replaced by a literal '%',
1.52 jmc 166: %h is replaced by the home directory of the user being authenticated, and
1.1 stevesk 167: %u is replaced by the username of that user.
168: After expansion,
169: .Cm AuthorizedKeysFile
170: is taken to be an absolute path or one relative to the user's home
171: directory.
172: The default is
173: .Dq .ssh/authorized_keys .
1.121 djm 174: .It Cm AuthorizedPrincipalsFile
175: Specifies a file that lists principal names that are accepted for
176: certificate authentication.
177: When using certificates signed by a key listed in
178: .Cm TrustedUserCAKeys ,
179: this file lists names, one of which must appear in the certificate for it
180: to be accepted for authentication.
1.125 ! jmc 181: Names are listed one per line preceded by key options (as described
1.124 djm 182: in
183: .Sx AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT
184: in
1.125 ! jmc 185: .Xr sshd 8 ) .
1.124 djm 186: Empty lines and comments starting with
1.121 djm 187: .Ql #
188: are ignored.
189: .Pp
190: .Cm AuthorizedPrincipalsFile
191: may contain tokens of the form %T which are substituted during connection
192: setup.
193: The following tokens are defined: %% is replaced by a literal '%',
194: %h is replaced by the home directory of the user being authenticated, and
195: %u is replaced by the username of that user.
196: After expansion,
197: .Cm AuthorizedPrincipalsFile
198: is taken to be an absolute path or one relative to the user's home
199: directory.
200: .Pp
1.122 jmc 201: The default is not to use a principals file \(en in this case, the username
1.121 djm 202: of the user must appear in a certificate's principals list for it to be
203: accepted.
204: Note that
205: .Cm AuthorizedPrincipalsFile
206: is only used when authentication proceeds using a CA listed in
207: .Cm TrustedUserCAKeys
208: and is not consulted for certification authorities trusted via
209: .Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys ,
210: though the
211: .Cm principals=
212: key option offers a similar facility (see
213: .Xr sshd 8
214: for details).
1.1 stevesk 215: .It Cm Banner
216: The contents of the specified file are sent to the remote user before
217: authentication is allowed.
1.78 djm 218: If the argument is
219: .Dq none
220: then no banner is displayed.
1.1 stevesk 221: This option is only available for protocol version 2.
222: By default, no banner is displayed.
223: .It Cm ChallengeResponseAuthentication
1.50 jmc 224: Specifies whether challenge-response authentication is allowed.
1.1 stevesk 225: All authentication styles from
226: .Xr login.conf 5
227: are supported.
228: The default is
229: .Dq yes .
1.80 djm 230: .It Cm ChrootDirectory
1.113 stevesk 231: Specifies the pathname of a directory to
1.80 djm 232: .Xr chroot 2
233: to after authentication.
1.113 stevesk 234: All components of the pathname must be root-owned directories that are
1.80 djm 235: not writable by any other user or group.
1.106 stevesk 236: After the chroot,
237: .Xr sshd 8
238: changes the working directory to the user's home directory.
1.80 djm 239: .Pp
1.113 stevesk 240: The pathname may contain the following tokens that are expanded at runtime once
1.80 djm 241: the connecting user has been authenticated: %% is replaced by a literal '%',
242: %h is replaced by the home directory of the user being authenticated, and
243: %u is replaced by the username of that user.
244: .Pp
245: The
246: .Cm ChrootDirectory
247: must contain the necessary files and directories to support the
1.103 stevesk 248: user's session.
1.80 djm 249: For an interactive session this requires at least a shell, typically
250: .Xr sh 1 ,
251: and basic
252: .Pa /dev
253: nodes such as
254: .Xr null 4 ,
255: .Xr zero 4 ,
256: .Xr stdin 4 ,
257: .Xr stdout 4 ,
258: .Xr stderr 4 ,
259: .Xr arandom 4
260: and
261: .Xr tty 4
262: devices.
263: For file transfer sessions using
1.105 jmc 264: .Dq sftp ,
1.80 djm 265: no additional configuration of the environment is necessary if the
1.105 jmc 266: in-process sftp server is used,
267: though sessions which use logging do require
1.104 stevesk 268: .Pa /dev/log
269: inside the chroot directory (see
270: .Xr sftp-server 8
1.81 jmc 271: for details).
1.80 djm 272: .Pp
273: The default is not to
274: .Xr chroot 2 .
1.1 stevesk 275: .It Cm Ciphers
276: Specifies the ciphers allowed for protocol version 2.
277: Multiple ciphers must be comma-separated.
1.34 dtucker 278: The supported ciphers are
279: .Dq 3des-cbc ,
280: .Dq aes128-cbc ,
281: .Dq aes192-cbc ,
282: .Dq aes256-cbc ,
283: .Dq aes128-ctr ,
284: .Dq aes192-ctr ,
285: .Dq aes256-ctr ,
1.43 djm 286: .Dq arcfour128 ,
287: .Dq arcfour256 ,
1.34 dtucker 288: .Dq arcfour ,
289: .Dq blowfish-cbc ,
290: and
291: .Dq cast128-cbc .
1.52 jmc 292: The default is:
293: .Bd -literal -offset 3n
1.100 naddy 294: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,
295: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,
296: aes256-cbc,arcfour
1.1 stevesk 297: .Ed
298: .It Cm ClientAliveCountMax
1.48 jmc 299: Sets the number of client alive messages (see below) which may be
1.1 stevesk 300: sent without
1.52 jmc 301: .Xr sshd 8
1.17 jmc 302: receiving any messages back from the client.
303: If this threshold is reached while client alive messages are being sent,
1.52 jmc 304: sshd will disconnect the client, terminating the session.
1.17 jmc 305: It is important to note that the use of client alive messages is very
306: different from
1.27 markus 307: .Cm TCPKeepAlive
1.17 jmc 308: (below).
309: The client alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel
310: and therefore will not be spoofable.
311: The TCP keepalive option enabled by
1.27 markus 312: .Cm TCPKeepAlive
1.17 jmc 313: is spoofable.
314: The client alive mechanism is valuable when the client or
1.1 stevesk 315: server depend on knowing when a connection has become inactive.
316: .Pp
1.17 jmc 317: The default value is 3.
318: If
1.1 stevesk 319: .Cm ClientAliveInterval
1.48 jmc 320: (see below) is set to 15, and
1.1 stevesk 321: .Cm ClientAliveCountMax
1.52 jmc 322: is left at the default, unresponsive SSH clients
1.1 stevesk 323: will be disconnected after approximately 45 seconds.
1.57 markus 324: This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.42 djm 325: .It Cm ClientAliveInterval
326: Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has been received
327: from the client,
1.52 jmc 328: .Xr sshd 8
1.42 djm 329: will send a message through the encrypted
330: channel to request a response from the client.
331: The default
332: is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent to the client.
333: This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.3 markus 334: .It Cm Compression
1.44 markus 335: Specifies whether compression is allowed, or delayed until
336: the user has authenticated successfully.
1.3 markus 337: The argument must be
1.44 markus 338: .Dq yes ,
339: .Dq delayed ,
1.3 markus 340: or
341: .Dq no .
342: The default is
1.44 markus 343: .Dq delayed .
1.1 stevesk 344: .It Cm DenyGroups
345: This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns, separated
346: by spaces.
347: Login is disallowed for users whose primary group or supplementary
348: group list matches one of the patterns.
349: Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recognized.
350: By default, login is allowed for all groups.
1.54 jmc 351: The allow/deny directives are processed in the following order:
352: .Cm DenyUsers ,
353: .Cm AllowUsers ,
354: .Cm DenyGroups ,
355: and finally
356: .Cm AllowGroups .
1.49 jmc 357: .Pp
358: See
359: .Sx PATTERNS
360: in
361: .Xr ssh_config 5
362: for more information on patterns.
1.1 stevesk 363: .It Cm DenyUsers
364: This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns, separated
365: by spaces.
366: Login is disallowed for user names that match one of the patterns.
367: Only user names are valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized.
368: By default, login is allowed for all users.
369: If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST
370: are separately checked, restricting logins to particular
371: users from particular hosts.
1.54 jmc 372: The allow/deny directives are processed in the following order:
373: .Cm DenyUsers ,
374: .Cm AllowUsers ,
375: .Cm DenyGroups ,
376: and finally
377: .Cm AllowGroups .
1.49 jmc 378: .Pp
379: See
380: .Sx PATTERNS
381: in
382: .Xr ssh_config 5
383: for more information on patterns.
1.67 dtucker 384: .It Cm ForceCommand
385: Forces the execution of the command specified by
386: .Cm ForceCommand ,
1.84 djm 387: ignoring any command supplied by the client and
388: .Pa ~/.ssh/rc
389: if present.
1.67 dtucker 390: The command is invoked by using the user's login shell with the -c option.
391: This applies to shell, command, or subsystem execution.
392: It is most useful inside a
393: .Cm Match
394: block.
395: The command originally supplied by the client is available in the
396: .Ev SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND
397: environment variable.
1.82 djm 398: Specifying a command of
399: .Dq internal-sftp
400: will force the use of an in-process sftp server that requires no support
401: files when used with
402: .Cm ChrootDirectory .
1.1 stevesk 403: .It Cm GatewayPorts
404: Specifies whether remote hosts are allowed to connect to ports
405: forwarded for the client.
406: By default,
1.52 jmc 407: .Xr sshd 8
1.15 jmc 408: binds remote port forwardings to the loopback address.
409: This prevents other remote hosts from connecting to forwarded ports.
1.1 stevesk 410: .Cm GatewayPorts
1.52 jmc 411: can be used to specify that sshd
1.39 djm 412: should allow remote port forwardings to bind to non-loopback addresses, thus
413: allowing other hosts to connect.
414: The argument may be
415: .Dq no
416: to force remote port forwardings to be available to the local host only,
1.1 stevesk 417: .Dq yes
1.39 djm 418: to force remote port forwardings to bind to the wildcard address, or
419: .Dq clientspecified
420: to allow the client to select the address to which the forwarding is bound.
1.1 stevesk 421: The default is
422: .Dq no .
1.23 markus 423: .It Cm GSSAPIAuthentication
1.25 markus 424: Specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is allowed.
1.26 djm 425: The default is
1.23 markus 426: .Dq no .
427: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
428: .It Cm GSSAPICleanupCredentials
429: Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's credentials cache
430: on logout.
431: The default is
432: .Dq yes .
433: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.1 stevesk 434: .It Cm HostbasedAuthentication
435: Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication together
436: with successful public key client host authentication is allowed
1.50 jmc 437: (host-based authentication).
1.1 stevesk 438: This option is similar to
439: .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
440: and applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.70 dtucker 441: The default is
442: .Dq no .
443: .It Cm HostbasedUsesNameFromPacketOnly
444: Specifies whether or not the server will attempt to perform a reverse
445: name lookup when matching the name in the
446: .Pa ~/.shosts ,
447: .Pa ~/.rhosts ,
448: and
449: .Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
450: files during
451: .Cm HostbasedAuthentication .
452: A setting of
453: .Dq yes
454: means that
455: .Xr sshd 8
456: uses the name supplied by the client rather than
457: attempting to resolve the name from the TCP connection itself.
1.1 stevesk 458: The default is
459: .Dq no .
1.117 djm 460: .It Cm HostCertificate
461: Specifies a file containing a public host certificate.
462: The certificate's public key must match a private host key already specified
463: by
464: .Cm HostKey .
465: The default behaviour of
466: .Xr sshd 8
467: is not to load any certificates.
1.1 stevesk 468: .It Cm HostKey
469: Specifies a file containing a private host key
470: used by SSH.
471: The default is
472: .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
473: for protocol version 1, and
474: .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
475: and
476: .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
477: for protocol version 2.
478: Note that
1.52 jmc 479: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 480: will refuse to use a file if it is group/world-accessible.
481: It is possible to have multiple host key files.
482: .Dq rsa1
483: keys are used for version 1 and
484: .Dq dsa
485: or
486: .Dq rsa
487: are used for version 2 of the SSH protocol.
488: .It Cm IgnoreRhosts
489: Specifies that
490: .Pa .rhosts
491: and
492: .Pa .shosts
493: files will not be used in
494: .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
495: or
496: .Cm HostbasedAuthentication .
497: .Pp
498: .Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
499: and
500: .Pa /etc/shosts.equiv
501: are still used.
502: The default is
503: .Dq yes .
504: .It Cm IgnoreUserKnownHosts
505: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 506: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 507: should ignore the user's
1.41 djm 508: .Pa ~/.ssh/known_hosts
1.1 stevesk 509: during
510: .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
511: or
512: .Cm HostbasedAuthentication .
513: The default is
514: .Dq no .
515: .It Cm KerberosAuthentication
1.24 markus 516: Specifies whether the password provided by the user for
1.1 stevesk 517: .Cm PasswordAuthentication
1.24 markus 518: will be validated through the Kerberos KDC.
1.1 stevesk 519: To use this option, the server needs a
520: Kerberos servtab which allows the verification of the KDC's identity.
1.52 jmc 521: The default is
1.29 dtucker 522: .Dq no .
523: .It Cm KerberosGetAFSToken
1.45 djm 524: If AFS is active and the user has a Kerberos 5 TGT, attempt to acquire
1.29 dtucker 525: an AFS token before accessing the user's home directory.
1.52 jmc 526: The default is
1.1 stevesk 527: .Dq no .
528: .It Cm KerberosOrLocalPasswd
1.52 jmc 529: If password authentication through Kerberos fails then
1.1 stevesk 530: the password will be validated via any additional local mechanism
531: such as
532: .Pa /etc/passwd .
1.52 jmc 533: The default is
1.1 stevesk 534: .Dq yes .
535: .It Cm KerberosTicketCleanup
536: Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's ticket cache
537: file on logout.
1.52 jmc 538: The default is
1.1 stevesk 539: .Dq yes .
540: .It Cm KeyRegenerationInterval
541: In protocol version 1, the ephemeral server key is automatically regenerated
542: after this many seconds (if it has been used).
543: The purpose of regeneration is to prevent
544: decrypting captured sessions by later breaking into the machine and
545: stealing the keys.
546: The key is never stored anywhere.
547: If the value is 0, the key is never regenerated.
548: The default is 3600 (seconds).
549: .It Cm ListenAddress
550: Specifies the local addresses
1.52 jmc 551: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 552: should listen on.
553: The following forms may be used:
554: .Pp
555: .Bl -item -offset indent -compact
556: .It
557: .Cm ListenAddress
558: .Sm off
559: .Ar host No | Ar IPv4_addr No | Ar IPv6_addr
560: .Sm on
561: .It
562: .Cm ListenAddress
563: .Sm off
564: .Ar host No | Ar IPv4_addr No : Ar port
565: .Sm on
566: .It
567: .Cm ListenAddress
568: .Sm off
569: .Oo
570: .Ar host No | Ar IPv6_addr Oc : Ar port
571: .Sm on
572: .El
573: .Pp
574: If
575: .Ar port
576: is not specified,
1.52 jmc 577: sshd will listen on the address and all prior
1.1 stevesk 578: .Cm Port
1.17 jmc 579: options specified.
580: The default is to listen on all local addresses.
1.15 jmc 581: Multiple
1.1 stevesk 582: .Cm ListenAddress
1.17 jmc 583: options are permitted.
584: Additionally, any
1.1 stevesk 585: .Cm Port
1.52 jmc 586: options must precede this option for non-port qualified addresses.
1.1 stevesk 587: .It Cm LoginGraceTime
588: The server disconnects after this time if the user has not
589: successfully logged in.
590: If the value is 0, there is no time limit.
1.12 stevesk 591: The default is 120 seconds.
1.1 stevesk 592: .It Cm LogLevel
593: Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from
1.53 jmc 594: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.1 stevesk 595: The possible values are:
1.52 jmc 596: QUIET, FATAL, ERROR, INFO, VERBOSE, DEBUG, DEBUG1, DEBUG2, and DEBUG3.
1.15 jmc 597: The default is INFO.
598: DEBUG and DEBUG1 are equivalent.
599: DEBUG2 and DEBUG3 each specify higher levels of debugging output.
600: Logging with a DEBUG level violates the privacy of users and is not recommended.
1.1 stevesk 601: .It Cm MACs
602: Specifies the available MAC (message authentication code) algorithms.
603: The MAC algorithm is used in protocol version 2
604: for data integrity protection.
605: Multiple algorithms must be comma-separated.
1.52 jmc 606: The default is:
1.77 jmc 607: .Bd -literal -offset indent
608: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,
609: hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
610: .Ed
1.60 dtucker 611: .It Cm Match
1.61 jmc 612: Introduces a conditional block.
1.65 dtucker 613: If all of the criteria on the
1.60 dtucker 614: .Cm Match
1.65 dtucker 615: line are satisfied, the keywords on the following lines override those
616: set in the global section of the config file, until either another
1.60 dtucker 617: .Cm Match
1.65 dtucker 618: line or the end of the file.
1.91 djm 619: .Pp
1.61 jmc 620: The arguments to
1.60 dtucker 621: .Cm Match
1.65 dtucker 622: are one or more criteria-pattern pairs.
1.60 dtucker 623: The available criteria are
624: .Cm User ,
1.69 dtucker 625: .Cm Group ,
1.60 dtucker 626: .Cm Host ,
627: and
628: .Cm Address .
1.91 djm 629: The match patterns may consist of single entries or comma-separated
630: lists and may use the wildcard and negation operators described in the
1.92 djm 631: .Sx PATTERNS
1.91 djm 632: section of
1.92 djm 633: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
1.91 djm 634: .Pp
635: The patterns in an
636: .Cm Address
637: criteria may additionally contain addresses to match in CIDR
1.93 jmc 638: address/masklen format, e.g.\&
1.91 djm 639: .Dq 192.0.2.0/24
640: or
641: .Dq 3ffe:ffff::/32 .
642: Note that the mask length provided must be consistent with the address -
643: it is an error to specify a mask length that is too long for the address
1.93 jmc 644: or one with bits set in this host portion of the address.
645: For example,
1.91 djm 646: .Dq 192.0.2.0/33
647: and
1.93 jmc 648: .Dq 192.0.2.0/8
1.91 djm 649: respectively.
650: .Pp
1.60 dtucker 651: Only a subset of keywords may be used on the lines following a
652: .Cm Match
653: keyword.
654: Available keywords are
1.99 okan 655: .Cm AllowAgentForwarding ,
1.62 dtucker 656: .Cm AllowTcpForwarding ,
1.123 djm 657: .Cm AuthorizedKeysFile ,
658: .Cm AuthorizedPrincipalsFile ,
1.72 dtucker 659: .Cm Banner ,
1.85 djm 660: .Cm ChrootDirectory ,
1.67 dtucker 661: .Cm ForceCommand ,
1.62 dtucker 662: .Cm GatewayPorts ,
1.87 djm 663: .Cm GSSAPIAuthentication ,
664: .Cm HostbasedAuthentication ,
1.123 djm 665: .Cm HostbasedUsesNameFromPacketOnly ,
1.74 jmc 666: .Cm KbdInteractiveAuthentication ,
1.72 dtucker 667: .Cm KerberosAuthentication ,
1.95 dtucker 668: .Cm MaxAuthTries ,
1.94 dtucker 669: .Cm MaxSessions ,
1.72 dtucker 670: .Cm PasswordAuthentication ,
1.97 djm 671: .Cm PermitEmptyPasswords ,
1.66 dtucker 672: .Cm PermitOpen ,
1.79 dtucker 673: .Cm PermitRootLogin ,
1.123 djm 674: .Cm PermitTunnel ,
1.107 dtucker 675: .Cm PubkeyAuthentication ,
1.72 dtucker 676: .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication ,
677: .Cm RSAAuthentication ,
1.66 dtucker 678: .Cm X11DisplayOffset ,
1.101 djm 679: .Cm X11Forwarding
1.60 dtucker 680: and
1.102 djm 681: .Cm X11UseLocalHost .
1.33 dtucker 682: .It Cm MaxAuthTries
683: Specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per
1.35 jmc 684: connection.
685: Once the number of failures reaches half this value,
686: additional failures are logged.
687: The default is 6.
1.90 djm 688: .It Cm MaxSessions
689: Specifies the maximum number of open sessions permitted per network connection.
690: The default is 10.
1.1 stevesk 691: .It Cm MaxStartups
692: Specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the
1.52 jmc 693: SSH daemon.
1.1 stevesk 694: Additional connections will be dropped until authentication succeeds or the
695: .Cm LoginGraceTime
696: expires for a connection.
697: The default is 10.
698: .Pp
699: Alternatively, random early drop can be enabled by specifying
700: the three colon separated values
701: .Dq start:rate:full
1.51 jmc 702: (e.g. "10:30:60").
1.53 jmc 703: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 704: will refuse connection attempts with a probability of
705: .Dq rate/100
706: (30%)
707: if there are currently
708: .Dq start
709: (10)
710: unauthenticated connections.
711: The probability increases linearly and all connection attempts
712: are refused if the number of unauthenticated connections reaches
713: .Dq full
714: (60).
715: .It Cm PasswordAuthentication
716: Specifies whether password authentication is allowed.
717: The default is
718: .Dq yes .
719: .It Cm PermitEmptyPasswords
720: When password authentication is allowed, it specifies whether the
721: server allows login to accounts with empty password strings.
722: The default is
723: .Dq no .
1.62 dtucker 724: .It Cm PermitOpen
725: Specifies the destinations to which TCP port forwarding is permitted.
726: The forwarding specification must be one of the following forms:
727: .Pp
728: .Bl -item -offset indent -compact
729: .It
730: .Cm PermitOpen
731: .Sm off
732: .Ar host : port
733: .Sm on
734: .It
735: .Cm PermitOpen
736: .Sm off
737: .Ar IPv4_addr : port
738: .Sm on
739: .It
740: .Cm PermitOpen
741: .Sm off
742: .Ar \&[ IPv6_addr \&] : port
743: .Sm on
744: .El
745: .Pp
1.68 dtucker 746: Multiple forwards may be specified by separating them with whitespace.
1.62 dtucker 747: An argument of
748: .Dq any
749: can be used to remove all restrictions and permit any forwarding requests.
1.63 jmc 750: By default all port forwarding requests are permitted.
1.1 stevesk 751: .It Cm PermitRootLogin
1.38 jmc 752: Specifies whether root can log in using
1.1 stevesk 753: .Xr ssh 1 .
754: The argument must be
755: .Dq yes ,
756: .Dq without-password ,
1.52 jmc 757: .Dq forced-commands-only ,
1.1 stevesk 758: or
759: .Dq no .
760: The default is
761: .Dq yes .
762: .Pp
763: If this option is set to
1.52 jmc 764: .Dq without-password ,
1.1 stevesk 765: password authentication is disabled for root.
766: .Pp
767: If this option is set to
1.52 jmc 768: .Dq forced-commands-only ,
1.1 stevesk 769: root login with public key authentication will be allowed,
770: but only if the
771: .Ar command
772: option has been specified
773: (which may be useful for taking remote backups even if root login is
1.17 jmc 774: normally not allowed).
775: All other authentication methods are disabled for root.
1.1 stevesk 776: .Pp
777: If this option is set to
1.52 jmc 778: .Dq no ,
1.38 jmc 779: root is not allowed to log in.
1.46 reyk 780: .It Cm PermitTunnel
781: Specifies whether
782: .Xr tun 4
783: device forwarding is allowed.
1.47 reyk 784: The argument must be
785: .Dq yes ,
1.58 stevesk 786: .Dq point-to-point
787: (layer 3),
788: .Dq ethernet
789: (layer 2), or
1.47 reyk 790: .Dq no .
1.58 stevesk 791: Specifying
792: .Dq yes
793: permits both
794: .Dq point-to-point
795: and
796: .Dq ethernet .
1.46 reyk 797: The default is
798: .Dq no .
1.6 markus 799: .It Cm PermitUserEnvironment
800: Specifies whether
801: .Pa ~/.ssh/environment
1.9 stevesk 802: and
1.6 markus 803: .Cm environment=
804: options in
805: .Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
1.9 stevesk 806: are processed by
1.52 jmc 807: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.6 markus 808: The default is
809: .Dq no .
1.9 stevesk 810: Enabling environment processing may enable users to bypass access
811: restrictions in some configurations using mechanisms such as
812: .Ev LD_PRELOAD .
1.1 stevesk 813: .It Cm PidFile
1.4 stevesk 814: Specifies the file that contains the process ID of the
1.53 jmc 815: SSH daemon.
1.1 stevesk 816: The default is
817: .Pa /var/run/sshd.pid .
818: .It Cm Port
819: Specifies the port number that
1.52 jmc 820: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 821: listens on.
822: The default is 22.
823: Multiple options of this type are permitted.
824: See also
825: .Cm ListenAddress .
826: .It Cm PrintLastLog
827: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 828: .Xr sshd 8
1.36 jaredy 829: should print the date and time of the last user login when a user logs
830: in interactively.
1.1 stevesk 831: The default is
832: .Dq yes .
833: .It Cm PrintMotd
834: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 835: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 836: should print
837: .Pa /etc/motd
838: when a user logs in interactively.
839: (On some systems it is also printed by the shell,
840: .Pa /etc/profile ,
841: or equivalent.)
842: The default is
843: .Dq yes .
844: .It Cm Protocol
845: Specifies the protocol versions
1.52 jmc 846: .Xr sshd 8
1.5 stevesk 847: supports.
1.1 stevesk 848: The possible values are
1.52 jmc 849: .Sq 1
1.1 stevesk 850: and
1.52 jmc 851: .Sq 2 .
1.1 stevesk 852: Multiple versions must be comma-separated.
853: The default is
1.109 jmc 854: .Sq 2 .
1.5 stevesk 855: Note that the order of the protocol list does not indicate preference,
856: because the client selects among multiple protocol versions offered
857: by the server.
858: Specifying
859: .Dq 2,1
860: is identical to
861: .Dq 1,2 .
1.1 stevesk 862: .It Cm PubkeyAuthentication
863: Specifies whether public key authentication is allowed.
864: The default is
865: .Dq yes .
866: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.118 djm 867: .It Cm RevokedKeys
868: Specifies a list of revoked public keys.
869: Keys listed in this file will be refused for public key authentication.
870: Note that if this file is not readable, then public key authentication will
871: be refused for all users.
1.1 stevesk 872: .It Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
873: Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication together
874: with successful RSA host authentication is allowed.
875: The default is
876: .Dq no .
877: This option applies to protocol version 1 only.
878: .It Cm RSAAuthentication
879: Specifies whether pure RSA authentication is allowed.
880: The default is
881: .Dq yes .
882: This option applies to protocol version 1 only.
883: .It Cm ServerKeyBits
884: Defines the number of bits in the ephemeral protocol version 1 server key.
1.96 djm 885: The minimum value is 512, and the default is 1024.
1.1 stevesk 886: .It Cm StrictModes
887: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 888: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 889: should check file modes and ownership of the
890: user's files and home directory before accepting login.
891: This is normally desirable because novices sometimes accidentally leave their
892: directory or files world-writable.
893: The default is
894: .Dq yes .
1.112 djm 895: Note that this does not apply to
896: .Cm ChrootDirectory ,
897: whose permissions and ownership are checked unconditionally.
1.1 stevesk 898: .It Cm Subsystem
1.51 jmc 899: Configures an external subsystem (e.g. file transfer daemon).
1.59 djm 900: Arguments should be a subsystem name and a command (with optional arguments)
901: to execute upon subsystem request.
1.80 djm 902: .Pp
1.1 stevesk 903: The command
904: .Xr sftp-server 8
905: implements the
906: .Dq sftp
907: file transfer subsystem.
1.80 djm 908: .Pp
909: Alternately the name
910: .Dq internal-sftp
911: implements an in-process
912: .Dq sftp
913: server.
914: This may simplify configurations using
915: .Cm ChrootDirectory
916: to force a different filesystem root on clients.
917: .Pp
1.1 stevesk 918: By default no subsystems are defined.
919: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
920: .It Cm SyslogFacility
921: Gives the facility code that is used when logging messages from
1.53 jmc 922: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.1 stevesk 923: The possible values are: DAEMON, USER, AUTH, LOCAL0, LOCAL1, LOCAL2,
924: LOCAL3, LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7.
925: The default is AUTH.
1.27 markus 926: .It Cm TCPKeepAlive
927: Specifies whether the system should send TCP keepalive messages to the
928: other side.
929: If they are sent, death of the connection or crash of one
930: of the machines will be properly noticed.
931: However, this means that
932: connections will die if the route is down temporarily, and some people
933: find it annoying.
934: On the other hand, if TCP keepalives are not sent,
935: sessions may hang indefinitely on the server, leaving
936: .Dq ghost
937: users and consuming server resources.
938: .Pp
939: The default is
940: .Dq yes
941: (to send TCP keepalive messages), and the server will notice
942: if the network goes down or the client host crashes.
943: This avoids infinitely hanging sessions.
944: .Pp
945: To disable TCP keepalive messages, the value should be set to
946: .Dq no .
1.118 djm 947: .It Cm TrustedUserCAKeys
948: Specifies a file containing public keys of certificate authorities that are
1.120 djm 949: trusted to sign user certificates for authentication.
1.119 jmc 950: Keys are listed one per line; empty lines and comments starting with
1.118 djm 951: .Ql #
952: are allowed.
953: If a certificate is presented for authentication and has its signing CA key
954: listed in this file, then it may be used for authentication for any user
955: listed in the certificate's principals list.
956: Note that certificates that lack a list of principals will not be permitted
957: for authentication using
958: .Cm TrustedUserCAKeys .
1.119 jmc 959: For more details on certificates, see the
1.118 djm 960: .Sx CERTIFICATES
961: section in
962: .Xr ssh-keygen 1 .
1.18 markus 963: .It Cm UseDNS
964: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 965: .Xr sshd 8
1.40 jmc 966: should look up the remote host name and check that
1.18 markus 967: the resolved host name for the remote IP address maps back to the
968: very same IP address.
969: The default is
970: .Dq yes .
1.1 stevesk 971: .It Cm UseLogin
972: Specifies whether
973: .Xr login 1
974: is used for interactive login sessions.
975: The default is
976: .Dq no .
977: Note that
978: .Xr login 1
979: is never used for remote command execution.
980: Note also, that if this is enabled,
981: .Cm X11Forwarding
982: will be disabled because
983: .Xr login 1
984: does not know how to handle
985: .Xr xauth 1
1.15 jmc 986: cookies.
987: If
1.1 stevesk 988: .Cm UsePrivilegeSeparation
989: is specified, it will be disabled after authentication.
990: .It Cm UsePrivilegeSeparation
991: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 992: .Xr sshd 8
1.2 stevesk 993: separates privileges by creating an unprivileged child process
1.15 jmc 994: to deal with incoming network traffic.
995: After successful authentication, another process will be created that has
996: the privilege of the authenticated user.
997: The goal of privilege separation is to prevent privilege
1.1 stevesk 998: escalation by containing any corruption within the unprivileged processes.
999: The default is
1000: .Dq yes .
1001: .It Cm X11DisplayOffset
1002: Specifies the first display number available for
1.52 jmc 1003: .Xr sshd 8 Ns 's
1.1 stevesk 1004: X11 forwarding.
1.52 jmc 1005: This prevents sshd from interfering with real X11 servers.
1.1 stevesk 1006: The default is 10.
1007: .It Cm X11Forwarding
1008: Specifies whether X11 forwarding is permitted.
1.13 stevesk 1009: The argument must be
1010: .Dq yes
1011: or
1012: .Dq no .
1.1 stevesk 1013: The default is
1014: .Dq no .
1.13 stevesk 1015: .Pp
1016: When X11 forwarding is enabled, there may be additional exposure to
1017: the server and to client displays if the
1.52 jmc 1018: .Xr sshd 8
1.13 stevesk 1019: proxy display is configured to listen on the wildcard address (see
1020: .Cm X11UseLocalhost
1.52 jmc 1021: below), though this is not the default.
1.13 stevesk 1022: Additionally, the authentication spoofing and authentication data
1023: verification and substitution occur on the client side.
1024: The security risk of using X11 forwarding is that the client's X11
1.52 jmc 1025: display server may be exposed to attack when the SSH client requests
1.13 stevesk 1026: forwarding (see the warnings for
1027: .Cm ForwardX11
1028: in
1.19 jmc 1029: .Xr ssh_config 5 ) .
1.13 stevesk 1030: A system administrator may have a stance in which they want to
1031: protect clients that may expose themselves to attack by unwittingly
1032: requesting X11 forwarding, which can warrant a
1033: .Dq no
1034: setting.
1035: .Pp
1036: Note that disabling X11 forwarding does not prevent users from
1037: forwarding X11 traffic, as users can always install their own forwarders.
1.1 stevesk 1038: X11 forwarding is automatically disabled if
1039: .Cm UseLogin
1040: is enabled.
1041: .It Cm X11UseLocalhost
1042: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 1043: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 1044: should bind the X11 forwarding server to the loopback address or to
1.15 jmc 1045: the wildcard address.
1046: By default,
1.52 jmc 1047: sshd binds the forwarding server to the loopback address and sets the
1.1 stevesk 1048: hostname part of the
1049: .Ev DISPLAY
1050: environment variable to
1051: .Dq localhost .
1.8 stevesk 1052: This prevents remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display.
1.1 stevesk 1053: However, some older X11 clients may not function with this
1054: configuration.
1055: .Cm X11UseLocalhost
1056: may be set to
1057: .Dq no
1058: to specify that the forwarding server should be bound to the wildcard
1059: address.
1060: The argument must be
1061: .Dq yes
1062: or
1063: .Dq no .
1064: The default is
1065: .Dq yes .
1066: .It Cm XAuthLocation
1.11 stevesk 1067: Specifies the full pathname of the
1.1 stevesk 1068: .Xr xauth 1
1069: program.
1070: The default is
1071: .Pa /usr/X11R6/bin/xauth .
1072: .El
1.55 jmc 1073: .Sh TIME FORMATS
1.53 jmc 1074: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 1075: command-line arguments and configuration file options that specify time
1076: may be expressed using a sequence of the form:
1077: .Sm off
1.7 stevesk 1078: .Ar time Op Ar qualifier ,
1.1 stevesk 1079: .Sm on
1080: where
1081: .Ar time
1082: is a positive integer value and
1083: .Ar qualifier
1084: is one of the following:
1085: .Pp
1086: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
1.64 jmc 1087: .It Aq Cm none
1.1 stevesk 1088: seconds
1089: .It Cm s | Cm S
1090: seconds
1091: .It Cm m | Cm M
1092: minutes
1093: .It Cm h | Cm H
1094: hours
1095: .It Cm d | Cm D
1096: days
1097: .It Cm w | Cm W
1098: weeks
1099: .El
1100: .Pp
1101: Each member of the sequence is added together to calculate
1102: the total time value.
1103: .Pp
1104: Time format examples:
1105: .Pp
1106: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
1107: .It 600
1108: 600 seconds (10 minutes)
1109: .It 10m
1110: 10 minutes
1111: .It 1h30m
1112: 1 hour 30 minutes (90 minutes)
1113: .El
1114: .Sh FILES
1115: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1116: .It Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config
1117: Contains configuration data for
1.53 jmc 1118: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.1 stevesk 1119: This file should be writable by root only, but it is recommended
1120: (though not necessary) that it be world-readable.
1121: .El
1.19 jmc 1122: .Sh SEE ALSO
1123: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 1124: .Sh AUTHORS
1125: OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
1126: ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
1127: Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
1128: Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
1129: removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
1130: created OpenSSH.
1131: Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
1132: protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
1133: Niels Provos and Markus Friedl contributed support
1134: for privilege separation.
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