Annotation of src/usr.bin/ssh/sshd_config.5, Revision 1.63
1.1 stevesk 1: .\" -*- nroff -*-
2: .\"
3: .\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4: .\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5: .\" All rights reserved
6: .\"
7: .\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
8: .\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
9: .\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
10: .\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
11: .\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
12: .\"
13: .\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved.
14: .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell. All rights reserved.
15: .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt. All rights reserved.
16: .\"
17: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
19: .\" are met:
20: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
24: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
25: .\"
26: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
27: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
28: .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
29: .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
30: .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
31: .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
32: .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
33: .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
34: .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
35: .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36: .\"
1.63 ! jmc 37: .\" $OpenBSD: sshd_config.5,v 1.62 2006/07/17 12:06:00 dtucker Exp $
1.1 stevesk 38: .Dd September 25, 1999
39: .Dt SSHD_CONFIG 5
40: .Os
41: .Sh NAME
42: .Nm sshd_config
43: .Nd OpenSSH SSH daemon configuration file
44: .Sh SYNOPSIS
45: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
46: .It Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config
47: .El
48: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.53 jmc 49: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 50: reads configuration data from
51: .Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config
52: (or the file specified with
53: .Fl f
54: on the command line).
55: The file contains keyword-argument pairs, one per line.
56: Lines starting with
57: .Ql #
58: and empty lines are interpreted as comments.
1.56 dtucker 59: Arguments may optionally be enclosed in double quotes
60: .Pq \&"
61: in order to represent arguments containing spaces.
1.1 stevesk 62: .Pp
63: The possible
64: keywords and their meanings are as follows (note that
65: keywords are case-insensitive and arguments are case-sensitive):
66: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.30 djm 67: .It Cm AcceptEnv
68: Specifies what environment variables sent by the client will be copied into
69: the session's
70: .Xr environ 7 .
71: See
72: .Cm SendEnv
73: in
74: .Xr ssh_config 5
75: for how to configure the client.
1.31 djm 76: Note that environment passing is only supported for protocol 2.
1.30 djm 77: Variables are specified by name, which may contain the wildcard characters
1.51 jmc 78: .Ql *
1.30 djm 79: and
80: .Ql \&? .
1.31 djm 81: Multiple environment variables may be separated by whitespace or spread
1.30 djm 82: across multiple
83: .Cm AcceptEnv
84: directives.
1.31 djm 85: Be warned that some environment variables could be used to bypass restricted
1.30 djm 86: user environments.
87: For this reason, care should be taken in the use of this directive.
88: The default is not to accept any environment variables.
1.37 djm 89: .It Cm AddressFamily
90: Specifies which address family should be used by
1.53 jmc 91: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.37 djm 92: Valid arguments are
93: .Dq any ,
94: .Dq inet
1.52 jmc 95: (use IPv4 only), or
1.37 djm 96: .Dq inet6
97: (use IPv6 only).
98: The default is
99: .Dq any .
1.1 stevesk 100: .It Cm AllowGroups
101: This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns, separated
102: by spaces.
103: If specified, login is allowed only for users whose primary
104: group or supplementary group list matches one of the patterns.
105: Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recognized.
106: By default, login is allowed for all groups.
1.54 jmc 107: The allow/deny directives are processed in the following order:
108: .Cm DenyUsers ,
109: .Cm AllowUsers ,
110: .Cm DenyGroups ,
111: and finally
112: .Cm AllowGroups .
1.49 jmc 113: .Pp
114: See
115: .Sx PATTERNS
116: in
117: .Xr ssh_config 5
118: for more information on patterns.
1.1 stevesk 119: .It Cm AllowTcpForwarding
120: Specifies whether TCP forwarding is permitted.
121: The default is
122: .Dq yes .
123: Note that disabling TCP forwarding does not improve security unless
124: users are also denied shell access, as they can always install their
125: own forwarders.
126: .It Cm AllowUsers
127: This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns, separated
128: by spaces.
1.14 jmc 129: If specified, login is allowed only for user names that
1.1 stevesk 130: match one of the patterns.
131: Only user names are valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized.
132: By default, login is allowed for all users.
133: If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST
134: are separately checked, restricting logins to particular
135: users from particular hosts.
1.54 jmc 136: The allow/deny directives are processed in the following order:
137: .Cm DenyUsers ,
138: .Cm AllowUsers ,
139: .Cm DenyGroups ,
140: and finally
141: .Cm AllowGroups .
1.49 jmc 142: .Pp
143: See
144: .Sx PATTERNS
145: in
146: .Xr ssh_config 5
147: for more information on patterns.
1.1 stevesk 148: .It Cm AuthorizedKeysFile
149: Specifies the file that contains the public keys that can be used
150: for user authentication.
151: .Cm AuthorizedKeysFile
152: may contain tokens of the form %T which are substituted during connection
1.52 jmc 153: setup.
1.17 jmc 154: The following tokens are defined: %% is replaced by a literal '%',
1.52 jmc 155: %h is replaced by the home directory of the user being authenticated, and
1.1 stevesk 156: %u is replaced by the username of that user.
157: After expansion,
158: .Cm AuthorizedKeysFile
159: is taken to be an absolute path or one relative to the user's home
160: directory.
161: The default is
162: .Dq .ssh/authorized_keys .
163: .It Cm Banner
164: In some jurisdictions, sending a warning message before authentication
165: may be relevant for getting legal protection.
166: The contents of the specified file are sent to the remote user before
167: authentication is allowed.
168: This option is only available for protocol version 2.
169: By default, no banner is displayed.
170: .It Cm ChallengeResponseAuthentication
1.50 jmc 171: Specifies whether challenge-response authentication is allowed.
1.1 stevesk 172: All authentication styles from
173: .Xr login.conf 5
174: are supported.
175: The default is
176: .Dq yes .
177: .It Cm Ciphers
178: Specifies the ciphers allowed for protocol version 2.
179: Multiple ciphers must be comma-separated.
1.34 dtucker 180: The supported ciphers are
181: .Dq 3des-cbc ,
182: .Dq aes128-cbc ,
183: .Dq aes192-cbc ,
184: .Dq aes256-cbc ,
185: .Dq aes128-ctr ,
186: .Dq aes192-ctr ,
187: .Dq aes256-ctr ,
1.43 djm 188: .Dq arcfour128 ,
189: .Dq arcfour256 ,
1.34 dtucker 190: .Dq arcfour ,
191: .Dq blowfish-cbc ,
192: and
193: .Dq cast128-cbc .
1.52 jmc 194: The default is:
195: .Bd -literal -offset 3n
196: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,
197: arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,aes128-ctr,
198: aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr
1.1 stevesk 199: .Ed
200: .It Cm ClientAliveCountMax
1.48 jmc 201: Sets the number of client alive messages (see below) which may be
1.1 stevesk 202: sent without
1.52 jmc 203: .Xr sshd 8
1.17 jmc 204: receiving any messages back from the client.
205: If this threshold is reached while client alive messages are being sent,
1.52 jmc 206: sshd will disconnect the client, terminating the session.
1.17 jmc 207: It is important to note that the use of client alive messages is very
208: different from
1.27 markus 209: .Cm TCPKeepAlive
1.17 jmc 210: (below).
211: The client alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel
212: and therefore will not be spoofable.
213: The TCP keepalive option enabled by
1.27 markus 214: .Cm TCPKeepAlive
1.17 jmc 215: is spoofable.
216: The client alive mechanism is valuable when the client or
1.1 stevesk 217: server depend on knowing when a connection has become inactive.
218: .Pp
1.17 jmc 219: The default value is 3.
220: If
1.1 stevesk 221: .Cm ClientAliveInterval
1.48 jmc 222: (see below) is set to 15, and
1.1 stevesk 223: .Cm ClientAliveCountMax
1.52 jmc 224: is left at the default, unresponsive SSH clients
1.1 stevesk 225: will be disconnected after approximately 45 seconds.
1.57 markus 226: This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.42 djm 227: .It Cm ClientAliveInterval
228: Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has been received
229: from the client,
1.52 jmc 230: .Xr sshd 8
1.42 djm 231: will send a message through the encrypted
232: channel to request a response from the client.
233: The default
234: is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent to the client.
235: This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.3 markus 236: .It Cm Compression
1.44 markus 237: Specifies whether compression is allowed, or delayed until
238: the user has authenticated successfully.
1.3 markus 239: The argument must be
1.44 markus 240: .Dq yes ,
241: .Dq delayed ,
1.3 markus 242: or
243: .Dq no .
244: The default is
1.44 markus 245: .Dq delayed .
1.1 stevesk 246: .It Cm DenyGroups
247: This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns, separated
248: by spaces.
249: Login is disallowed for users whose primary group or supplementary
250: group list matches one of the patterns.
251: Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recognized.
252: By default, login is allowed for all groups.
1.54 jmc 253: The allow/deny directives are processed in the following order:
254: .Cm DenyUsers ,
255: .Cm AllowUsers ,
256: .Cm DenyGroups ,
257: and finally
258: .Cm AllowGroups .
1.49 jmc 259: .Pp
260: See
261: .Sx PATTERNS
262: in
263: .Xr ssh_config 5
264: for more information on patterns.
1.1 stevesk 265: .It Cm DenyUsers
266: This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns, separated
267: by spaces.
268: Login is disallowed for user names that match one of the patterns.
269: Only user names are valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized.
270: By default, login is allowed for all users.
271: If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST
272: are separately checked, restricting logins to particular
273: users from particular hosts.
1.54 jmc 274: The allow/deny directives are processed in the following order:
275: .Cm DenyUsers ,
276: .Cm AllowUsers ,
277: .Cm DenyGroups ,
278: and finally
279: .Cm AllowGroups .
1.49 jmc 280: .Pp
281: See
282: .Sx PATTERNS
283: in
284: .Xr ssh_config 5
285: for more information on patterns.
1.1 stevesk 286: .It Cm GatewayPorts
287: Specifies whether remote hosts are allowed to connect to ports
288: forwarded for the client.
289: By default,
1.52 jmc 290: .Xr sshd 8
1.15 jmc 291: binds remote port forwardings to the loopback address.
292: This prevents other remote hosts from connecting to forwarded ports.
1.1 stevesk 293: .Cm GatewayPorts
1.52 jmc 294: can be used to specify that sshd
1.39 djm 295: should allow remote port forwardings to bind to non-loopback addresses, thus
296: allowing other hosts to connect.
297: The argument may be
298: .Dq no
299: to force remote port forwardings to be available to the local host only,
1.1 stevesk 300: .Dq yes
1.39 djm 301: to force remote port forwardings to bind to the wildcard address, or
302: .Dq clientspecified
303: to allow the client to select the address to which the forwarding is bound.
1.1 stevesk 304: The default is
305: .Dq no .
1.23 markus 306: .It Cm GSSAPIAuthentication
1.25 markus 307: Specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is allowed.
1.26 djm 308: The default is
1.23 markus 309: .Dq no .
310: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
311: .It Cm GSSAPICleanupCredentials
312: Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's credentials cache
313: on logout.
314: The default is
315: .Dq yes .
316: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
1.1 stevesk 317: .It Cm HostbasedAuthentication
318: Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication together
319: with successful public key client host authentication is allowed
1.50 jmc 320: (host-based authentication).
1.1 stevesk 321: This option is similar to
322: .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
323: and applies to protocol version 2 only.
324: The default is
325: .Dq no .
326: .It Cm HostKey
327: Specifies a file containing a private host key
328: used by SSH.
329: The default is
330: .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
331: for protocol version 1, and
332: .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
333: and
334: .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
335: for protocol version 2.
336: Note that
1.52 jmc 337: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 338: will refuse to use a file if it is group/world-accessible.
339: It is possible to have multiple host key files.
340: .Dq rsa1
341: keys are used for version 1 and
342: .Dq dsa
343: or
344: .Dq rsa
345: are used for version 2 of the SSH protocol.
346: .It Cm IgnoreRhosts
347: Specifies that
348: .Pa .rhosts
349: and
350: .Pa .shosts
351: files will not be used in
352: .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
353: or
354: .Cm HostbasedAuthentication .
355: .Pp
356: .Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
357: and
358: .Pa /etc/shosts.equiv
359: are still used.
360: The default is
361: .Dq yes .
362: .It Cm IgnoreUserKnownHosts
363: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 364: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 365: should ignore the user's
1.41 djm 366: .Pa ~/.ssh/known_hosts
1.1 stevesk 367: during
368: .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
369: or
370: .Cm HostbasedAuthentication .
371: The default is
372: .Dq no .
373: .It Cm KerberosAuthentication
1.24 markus 374: Specifies whether the password provided by the user for
1.1 stevesk 375: .Cm PasswordAuthentication
1.24 markus 376: will be validated through the Kerberos KDC.
1.1 stevesk 377: To use this option, the server needs a
378: Kerberos servtab which allows the verification of the KDC's identity.
1.52 jmc 379: The default is
1.29 dtucker 380: .Dq no .
381: .It Cm KerberosGetAFSToken
1.45 djm 382: If AFS is active and the user has a Kerberos 5 TGT, attempt to acquire
1.29 dtucker 383: an AFS token before accessing the user's home directory.
1.52 jmc 384: The default is
1.1 stevesk 385: .Dq no .
386: .It Cm KerberosOrLocalPasswd
1.52 jmc 387: If password authentication through Kerberos fails then
1.1 stevesk 388: the password will be validated via any additional local mechanism
389: such as
390: .Pa /etc/passwd .
1.52 jmc 391: The default is
1.1 stevesk 392: .Dq yes .
393: .It Cm KerberosTicketCleanup
394: Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's ticket cache
395: file on logout.
1.52 jmc 396: The default is
1.1 stevesk 397: .Dq yes .
398: .It Cm KeyRegenerationInterval
399: In protocol version 1, the ephemeral server key is automatically regenerated
400: after this many seconds (if it has been used).
401: The purpose of regeneration is to prevent
402: decrypting captured sessions by later breaking into the machine and
403: stealing the keys.
404: The key is never stored anywhere.
405: If the value is 0, the key is never regenerated.
406: The default is 3600 (seconds).
407: .It Cm ListenAddress
408: Specifies the local addresses
1.52 jmc 409: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 410: should listen on.
411: The following forms may be used:
412: .Pp
413: .Bl -item -offset indent -compact
414: .It
415: .Cm ListenAddress
416: .Sm off
417: .Ar host No | Ar IPv4_addr No | Ar IPv6_addr
418: .Sm on
419: .It
420: .Cm ListenAddress
421: .Sm off
422: .Ar host No | Ar IPv4_addr No : Ar port
423: .Sm on
424: .It
425: .Cm ListenAddress
426: .Sm off
427: .Oo
428: .Ar host No | Ar IPv6_addr Oc : Ar port
429: .Sm on
430: .El
431: .Pp
432: If
433: .Ar port
434: is not specified,
1.52 jmc 435: sshd will listen on the address and all prior
1.1 stevesk 436: .Cm Port
1.17 jmc 437: options specified.
438: The default is to listen on all local addresses.
1.15 jmc 439: Multiple
1.1 stevesk 440: .Cm ListenAddress
1.17 jmc 441: options are permitted.
442: Additionally, any
1.1 stevesk 443: .Cm Port
1.52 jmc 444: options must precede this option for non-port qualified addresses.
1.1 stevesk 445: .It Cm LoginGraceTime
446: The server disconnects after this time if the user has not
447: successfully logged in.
448: If the value is 0, there is no time limit.
1.12 stevesk 449: The default is 120 seconds.
1.1 stevesk 450: .It Cm LogLevel
451: Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from
1.53 jmc 452: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.1 stevesk 453: The possible values are:
1.52 jmc 454: QUIET, FATAL, ERROR, INFO, VERBOSE, DEBUG, DEBUG1, DEBUG2, and DEBUG3.
1.15 jmc 455: The default is INFO.
456: DEBUG and DEBUG1 are equivalent.
457: DEBUG2 and DEBUG3 each specify higher levels of debugging output.
458: Logging with a DEBUG level violates the privacy of users and is not recommended.
1.1 stevesk 459: .It Cm MACs
460: Specifies the available MAC (message authentication code) algorithms.
461: The MAC algorithm is used in protocol version 2
462: for data integrity protection.
463: Multiple algorithms must be comma-separated.
1.52 jmc 464: The default is:
1.1 stevesk 465: .Dq hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 .
1.60 dtucker 466: .It Cm Match
1.61 jmc 467: Introduces a conditional block.
468: Keywords on lines following a
1.60 dtucker 469: .Cm Match
470: block are only applied if all of the criteria on the
471: .Cm Match
472: are satisfied.
1.61 jmc 473: The arguments to
1.60 dtucker 474: .Cm Match
475: block are one or more criteria-pattern pairs.
476: The available criteria are
477: .Cm User ,
478: .Cm Host ,
479: and
480: .Cm Address .
481: Only a subset of keywords may be used on the lines following a
482: .Cm Match
483: keyword.
484: Available keywords are
1.62 dtucker 485: .Cm AllowTcpForwarding ,
486: .Cm GatewayPorts ,
1.60 dtucker 487: and
1.62 dtucker 488: .Cm PermitOpen .
1.33 dtucker 489: .It Cm MaxAuthTries
490: Specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per
1.35 jmc 491: connection.
492: Once the number of failures reaches half this value,
493: additional failures are logged.
494: The default is 6.
1.1 stevesk 495: .It Cm MaxStartups
496: Specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the
1.52 jmc 497: SSH daemon.
1.1 stevesk 498: Additional connections will be dropped until authentication succeeds or the
499: .Cm LoginGraceTime
500: expires for a connection.
501: The default is 10.
502: .Pp
503: Alternatively, random early drop can be enabled by specifying
504: the three colon separated values
505: .Dq start:rate:full
1.51 jmc 506: (e.g. "10:30:60").
1.53 jmc 507: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 508: will refuse connection attempts with a probability of
509: .Dq rate/100
510: (30%)
511: if there are currently
512: .Dq start
513: (10)
514: unauthenticated connections.
515: The probability increases linearly and all connection attempts
516: are refused if the number of unauthenticated connections reaches
517: .Dq full
518: (60).
519: .It Cm PasswordAuthentication
520: Specifies whether password authentication is allowed.
521: The default is
522: .Dq yes .
523: .It Cm PermitEmptyPasswords
524: When password authentication is allowed, it specifies whether the
525: server allows login to accounts with empty password strings.
526: The default is
527: .Dq no .
1.62 dtucker 528: .It Cm PermitOpen
529: Specifies the destinations to which TCP port forwarding is permitted.
530: The forwarding specification must be one of the following forms:
531: .Pp
532: .Bl -item -offset indent -compact
533: .It
534: .Cm PermitOpen
535: .Sm off
536: .Ar host : port
537: .Sm on
538: .It
539: .Cm PermitOpen
540: .Sm off
541: .Ar IPv4_addr : port
542: .Sm on
543: .It
544: .Cm PermitOpen
545: .Sm off
546: .Ar \&[ IPv6_addr \&] : port
547: .Sm on
548: .El
549: .Pp
550: Multiple instances of
551: .Cm PermitOpen
552: are permitted.
553: An argument of
554: .Dq any
555: can be used to remove all restrictions and permit any forwarding requests.
1.63 ! jmc 556: By default all port forwarding requests are permitted.
1.1 stevesk 557: .It Cm PermitRootLogin
1.38 jmc 558: Specifies whether root can log in using
1.1 stevesk 559: .Xr ssh 1 .
560: The argument must be
561: .Dq yes ,
562: .Dq without-password ,
1.52 jmc 563: .Dq forced-commands-only ,
1.1 stevesk 564: or
565: .Dq no .
566: The default is
567: .Dq yes .
568: .Pp
569: If this option is set to
1.52 jmc 570: .Dq without-password ,
1.1 stevesk 571: password authentication is disabled for root.
572: .Pp
573: If this option is set to
1.52 jmc 574: .Dq forced-commands-only ,
1.1 stevesk 575: root login with public key authentication will be allowed,
576: but only if the
577: .Ar command
578: option has been specified
579: (which may be useful for taking remote backups even if root login is
1.17 jmc 580: normally not allowed).
581: All other authentication methods are disabled for root.
1.1 stevesk 582: .Pp
583: If this option is set to
1.52 jmc 584: .Dq no ,
1.38 jmc 585: root is not allowed to log in.
1.46 reyk 586: .It Cm PermitTunnel
587: Specifies whether
588: .Xr tun 4
589: device forwarding is allowed.
1.47 reyk 590: The argument must be
591: .Dq yes ,
1.58 stevesk 592: .Dq point-to-point
593: (layer 3),
594: .Dq ethernet
595: (layer 2), or
1.47 reyk 596: .Dq no .
1.58 stevesk 597: Specifying
598: .Dq yes
599: permits both
600: .Dq point-to-point
601: and
602: .Dq ethernet .
1.46 reyk 603: The default is
604: .Dq no .
1.6 markus 605: .It Cm PermitUserEnvironment
606: Specifies whether
607: .Pa ~/.ssh/environment
1.9 stevesk 608: and
1.6 markus 609: .Cm environment=
610: options in
611: .Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
1.9 stevesk 612: are processed by
1.52 jmc 613: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.6 markus 614: The default is
615: .Dq no .
1.9 stevesk 616: Enabling environment processing may enable users to bypass access
617: restrictions in some configurations using mechanisms such as
618: .Ev LD_PRELOAD .
1.1 stevesk 619: .It Cm PidFile
1.4 stevesk 620: Specifies the file that contains the process ID of the
1.53 jmc 621: SSH daemon.
1.1 stevesk 622: The default is
623: .Pa /var/run/sshd.pid .
624: .It Cm Port
625: Specifies the port number that
1.52 jmc 626: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 627: listens on.
628: The default is 22.
629: Multiple options of this type are permitted.
630: See also
631: .Cm ListenAddress .
632: .It Cm PrintLastLog
633: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 634: .Xr sshd 8
1.36 jaredy 635: should print the date and time of the last user login when a user logs
636: in interactively.
1.1 stevesk 637: The default is
638: .Dq yes .
639: .It Cm PrintMotd
640: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 641: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 642: should print
643: .Pa /etc/motd
644: when a user logs in interactively.
645: (On some systems it is also printed by the shell,
646: .Pa /etc/profile ,
647: or equivalent.)
648: The default is
649: .Dq yes .
650: .It Cm Protocol
651: Specifies the protocol versions
1.52 jmc 652: .Xr sshd 8
1.5 stevesk 653: supports.
1.1 stevesk 654: The possible values are
1.52 jmc 655: .Sq 1
1.1 stevesk 656: and
1.52 jmc 657: .Sq 2 .
1.1 stevesk 658: Multiple versions must be comma-separated.
659: The default is
660: .Dq 2,1 .
1.5 stevesk 661: Note that the order of the protocol list does not indicate preference,
662: because the client selects among multiple protocol versions offered
663: by the server.
664: Specifying
665: .Dq 2,1
666: is identical to
667: .Dq 1,2 .
1.1 stevesk 668: .It Cm PubkeyAuthentication
669: Specifies whether public key authentication is allowed.
670: The default is
671: .Dq yes .
672: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
673: .It Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
674: Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication together
675: with successful RSA host authentication is allowed.
676: The default is
677: .Dq no .
678: This option applies to protocol version 1 only.
679: .It Cm RSAAuthentication
680: Specifies whether pure RSA authentication is allowed.
681: The default is
682: .Dq yes .
683: This option applies to protocol version 1 only.
684: .It Cm ServerKeyBits
685: Defines the number of bits in the ephemeral protocol version 1 server key.
686: The minimum value is 512, and the default is 768.
687: .It Cm StrictModes
688: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 689: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 690: should check file modes and ownership of the
691: user's files and home directory before accepting login.
692: This is normally desirable because novices sometimes accidentally leave their
693: directory or files world-writable.
694: The default is
695: .Dq yes .
696: .It Cm Subsystem
1.51 jmc 697: Configures an external subsystem (e.g. file transfer daemon).
1.59 djm 698: Arguments should be a subsystem name and a command (with optional arguments)
699: to execute upon subsystem request.
1.1 stevesk 700: The command
701: .Xr sftp-server 8
702: implements the
703: .Dq sftp
704: file transfer subsystem.
705: By default no subsystems are defined.
706: Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
707: .It Cm SyslogFacility
708: Gives the facility code that is used when logging messages from
1.53 jmc 709: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.1 stevesk 710: The possible values are: DAEMON, USER, AUTH, LOCAL0, LOCAL1, LOCAL2,
711: LOCAL3, LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7.
712: The default is AUTH.
1.27 markus 713: .It Cm TCPKeepAlive
714: Specifies whether the system should send TCP keepalive messages to the
715: other side.
716: If they are sent, death of the connection or crash of one
717: of the machines will be properly noticed.
718: However, this means that
719: connections will die if the route is down temporarily, and some people
720: find it annoying.
721: On the other hand, if TCP keepalives are not sent,
722: sessions may hang indefinitely on the server, leaving
723: .Dq ghost
724: users and consuming server resources.
725: .Pp
726: The default is
727: .Dq yes
728: (to send TCP keepalive messages), and the server will notice
729: if the network goes down or the client host crashes.
730: This avoids infinitely hanging sessions.
731: .Pp
732: To disable TCP keepalive messages, the value should be set to
733: .Dq no .
1.18 markus 734: .It Cm UseDNS
735: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 736: .Xr sshd 8
1.40 jmc 737: should look up the remote host name and check that
1.18 markus 738: the resolved host name for the remote IP address maps back to the
739: very same IP address.
740: The default is
741: .Dq yes .
1.1 stevesk 742: .It Cm UseLogin
743: Specifies whether
744: .Xr login 1
745: is used for interactive login sessions.
746: The default is
747: .Dq no .
748: Note that
749: .Xr login 1
750: is never used for remote command execution.
751: Note also, that if this is enabled,
752: .Cm X11Forwarding
753: will be disabled because
754: .Xr login 1
755: does not know how to handle
756: .Xr xauth 1
1.15 jmc 757: cookies.
758: If
1.1 stevesk 759: .Cm UsePrivilegeSeparation
760: is specified, it will be disabled after authentication.
761: .It Cm UsePrivilegeSeparation
762: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 763: .Xr sshd 8
1.2 stevesk 764: separates privileges by creating an unprivileged child process
1.15 jmc 765: to deal with incoming network traffic.
766: After successful authentication, another process will be created that has
767: the privilege of the authenticated user.
768: The goal of privilege separation is to prevent privilege
1.1 stevesk 769: escalation by containing any corruption within the unprivileged processes.
770: The default is
771: .Dq yes .
772: .It Cm X11DisplayOffset
773: Specifies the first display number available for
1.52 jmc 774: .Xr sshd 8 Ns 's
1.1 stevesk 775: X11 forwarding.
1.52 jmc 776: This prevents sshd from interfering with real X11 servers.
1.1 stevesk 777: The default is 10.
778: .It Cm X11Forwarding
779: Specifies whether X11 forwarding is permitted.
1.13 stevesk 780: The argument must be
781: .Dq yes
782: or
783: .Dq no .
1.1 stevesk 784: The default is
785: .Dq no .
1.13 stevesk 786: .Pp
787: When X11 forwarding is enabled, there may be additional exposure to
788: the server and to client displays if the
1.52 jmc 789: .Xr sshd 8
1.13 stevesk 790: proxy display is configured to listen on the wildcard address (see
791: .Cm X11UseLocalhost
1.52 jmc 792: below), though this is not the default.
1.13 stevesk 793: Additionally, the authentication spoofing and authentication data
794: verification and substitution occur on the client side.
795: The security risk of using X11 forwarding is that the client's X11
1.52 jmc 796: display server may be exposed to attack when the SSH client requests
1.13 stevesk 797: forwarding (see the warnings for
798: .Cm ForwardX11
799: in
1.19 jmc 800: .Xr ssh_config 5 ) .
1.13 stevesk 801: A system administrator may have a stance in which they want to
802: protect clients that may expose themselves to attack by unwittingly
803: requesting X11 forwarding, which can warrant a
804: .Dq no
805: setting.
806: .Pp
807: Note that disabling X11 forwarding does not prevent users from
808: forwarding X11 traffic, as users can always install their own forwarders.
1.1 stevesk 809: X11 forwarding is automatically disabled if
810: .Cm UseLogin
811: is enabled.
812: .It Cm X11UseLocalhost
813: Specifies whether
1.52 jmc 814: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 815: should bind the X11 forwarding server to the loopback address or to
1.15 jmc 816: the wildcard address.
817: By default,
1.52 jmc 818: sshd binds the forwarding server to the loopback address and sets the
1.1 stevesk 819: hostname part of the
820: .Ev DISPLAY
821: environment variable to
822: .Dq localhost .
1.8 stevesk 823: This prevents remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display.
1.1 stevesk 824: However, some older X11 clients may not function with this
825: configuration.
826: .Cm X11UseLocalhost
827: may be set to
828: .Dq no
829: to specify that the forwarding server should be bound to the wildcard
830: address.
831: The argument must be
832: .Dq yes
833: or
834: .Dq no .
835: The default is
836: .Dq yes .
837: .It Cm XAuthLocation
1.11 stevesk 838: Specifies the full pathname of the
1.1 stevesk 839: .Xr xauth 1
840: program.
841: The default is
842: .Pa /usr/X11R6/bin/xauth .
843: .El
1.55 jmc 844: .Sh TIME FORMATS
1.53 jmc 845: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 846: command-line arguments and configuration file options that specify time
847: may be expressed using a sequence of the form:
848: .Sm off
1.7 stevesk 849: .Ar time Op Ar qualifier ,
1.1 stevesk 850: .Sm on
851: where
852: .Ar time
853: is a positive integer value and
854: .Ar qualifier
855: is one of the following:
856: .Pp
857: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
858: .It Cm <none>
859: seconds
860: .It Cm s | Cm S
861: seconds
862: .It Cm m | Cm M
863: minutes
864: .It Cm h | Cm H
865: hours
866: .It Cm d | Cm D
867: days
868: .It Cm w | Cm W
869: weeks
870: .El
871: .Pp
872: Each member of the sequence is added together to calculate
873: the total time value.
874: .Pp
875: Time format examples:
876: .Pp
877: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
878: .It 600
879: 600 seconds (10 minutes)
880: .It 10m
881: 10 minutes
882: .It 1h30m
883: 1 hour 30 minutes (90 minutes)
884: .El
885: .Sh FILES
886: .Bl -tag -width Ds
887: .It Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config
888: Contains configuration data for
1.53 jmc 889: .Xr sshd 8 .
1.1 stevesk 890: This file should be writable by root only, but it is recommended
891: (though not necessary) that it be world-readable.
892: .El
1.19 jmc 893: .Sh SEE ALSO
894: .Xr sshd 8
1.1 stevesk 895: .Sh AUTHORS
896: OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
897: ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
898: Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
899: Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
900: removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
901: created OpenSSH.
902: Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
903: protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
904: Niels Provos and Markus Friedl contributed support
905: for privilege separation.
![[BACK]](/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to sshd_config.5 CVS log ![[TXT]](/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [local] / src / usr.bin / ssh