Annotation of src/usr.bin/sudo/sudoers.5, Revision 1.4
1.1 millert 1: .rn '' }`
1.4 ! millert 2: ''' $RCSfile: sudoers.man,v $$Revision: 1.23 $$Date: 2000/01/26 21:21:28 $
1.2 aaron 3: '''
1.3 millert 4: ''' $Log: sudoers.man,v $
1.4 ! millert 5: ''' Revision 1.23 2000/01/26 21:21:28 millert
! 6: ''' Expanded docs on sudoers 'defaults' options based on INSTALL file info.
1.1 millert 7: '''
8: '''
9: .de Sh
10: .br
11: .if t .Sp
12: .ne 5
13: .PP
14: \fB\\$1\fR
15: .PP
16: ..
17: .de Sp
18: .if t .sp .5v
19: .if n .sp
20: ..
21: .de Ip
22: .br
23: .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3
24: .el .ne 3
25: .IP "\\$1" \\$2
26: ..
27: .de Vb
28: .ft CW
29: .nf
30: .ne \\$1
31: ..
32: .de Ve
33: .ft R
34:
35: .fi
36: ..
37: '''
38: '''
39: ''' Set up \*(-- to give an unbreakable dash;
40: ''' string Tr holds user defined translation string.
41: ''' Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character.
42: '''
43: .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
44: .ie n \{\
45: .ds -- \(*W-
46: .ds PI pi
47: .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
48: .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
49: .ds L" ""
50: .ds R" ""
51: ''' \*(M", \*(S", \*(N" and \*(T" are the equivalent of
52: ''' \*(L" and \*(R", except that they are used on ".xx" lines,
53: ''' such as .IP and .SH, which do another additional levels of
54: ''' double-quote interpretation
55: .ds M" """
56: .ds S" """
57: .ds N" """""
58: .ds T" """""
59: .ds L' '
60: .ds R' '
61: .ds M' '
62: .ds S' '
63: .ds N' '
64: .ds T' '
65: 'br\}
66: .el\{\
67: .ds -- \(em\|
68: .tr \*(Tr
69: .ds L" ``
70: .ds R" ''
71: .ds M" ``
72: .ds S" ''
73: .ds N" ``
74: .ds T" ''
75: .ds L' `
76: .ds R' '
77: .ds M' `
78: .ds S' '
79: .ds N' `
80: .ds T' '
81: .ds PI \(*p
82: 'br\}
83: .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate
84: .\" index entries out stderr for the following things:
85: .\" TH Title
86: .\" SH Header
87: .\" Sh Subsection
88: .\" Ip Item
89: .\" X<> Xref (embedded
90: .\" Of course, you have to process the output yourself
91: .\" in some meaninful fashion.
92: .if \nF \{
93: .de IX
94: .tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
95: ..
96: .nr % 0
97: .rr F
98: .\}
1.4 ! millert 99: .TH sudoers 5 "1.6.2" "26/Jan/2000" "FILE FORMATS"
1.1 millert 100: .UC
101: .if n .hy 0
102: .if n .na
103: .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
104: .de CQ \" put $1 in typewriter font
105: .ft CW
106: 'if n "\c
107: 'if t \\&\\$1\c
108: 'if n \\&\\$1\c
109: 'if n \&"
110: \\&\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7
111: '.ft R
112: ..
113: .\" @(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2
114: . \" AM - accent mark definitions
115: .bd B 3
116: . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
117: .if n \{\
118: . ds #H 0
119: . ds #V .8m
120: . ds #F .3m
121: . ds #[ \f1
122: . ds #] \fP
123: .\}
124: .if t \{\
125: . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
126: . ds #V .6m
127: . ds #F 0
128: . ds #[ \&
129: . ds #] \&
130: .\}
131: . \" simple accents for nroff and troff
132: .if n \{\
133: . ds ' \&
134: . ds ` \&
135: . ds ^ \&
136: . ds , \&
137: . ds ~ ~
138: . ds ? ?
139: . ds ! !
140: . ds /
141: . ds q
142: .\}
143: .if t \{\
144: . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
145: . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
146: . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
147: . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
148: . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
149: . ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10'
150: . ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m'
151: . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
152: . ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10'
153: .\}
154: . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
155: .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
156: .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
157: .ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
158: .ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
159: .ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u'
160: .ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#]
161: .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
162: .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
163: .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
164: .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
165: .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
166: .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
167: .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
168: .ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e
169: .ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E
170: . \" corrections for vroff
171: .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
172: .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
173: . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
174: .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
175: \{\
176: . ds : e
177: . ds 8 ss
178: . ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga'
179: . ds _ \h'-1'^
180: . ds . \h'-1'.
181: . ds 3 3
182: . ds o a
183: . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
184: . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
185: . ds th \o'bp'
186: . ds Th \o'LP'
187: . ds ae ae
188: . ds Ae AE
189: . ds oe oe
190: . ds Oe OE
191: .\}
192: .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
193: .SH "NAME"
194: sudoers \- list of which users may execute what
195: .SH "DESCRIPTION"
196: The \fIsudoers\fR file is composed two types of entries:
197: aliases (basically variables) and user specifications
198: (which specify who may run what). The grammar of \fIsudoers\fR
199: will be described below in Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF).
200: Don't despair if you don't know what EBNF is, it is fairly
201: simple and the definitions below are annotated.
202: .Sh "Quick guide to \s-1EBNF\s0"
203: \s-1EBNF\s0 is a concise and exact way of describing the grammar of a language.
204: Each \s-1EBNF\s0 definition is made up of \fIproduction rules\fR. Eg.
205: .PP
206: .Vb 1
207: \& symbol ::= definition | alternate1 | alternate2 ...
208: .Ve
209: Each \fIproduction rule\fR references others and thus makes up a
210: grammar for the language. \s-1EBNF\s0 also contains the following
211: operators, which many readers will recognize from regular
212: expressions. Do not, however, confuse them with \*(L"wildcard\*(R"
213: characters, which have different meanings.
214: .Ip "\f(CW?\fR" 8
215: Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) is optional.
216: That is, it may appear once or not at all.
217: .Ip "\f(CW*\fR" 8
218: Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) may appear
219: zero or more times.
220: .Ip "\f(CW+\fR" 8
221: Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) may appear
222: one or more times.
223: .PP
224: Parentheses may be used to group symbols together. For clarity,
225: we will use single quotes ('') to designate what is a verbatim character
226: string (as opposed to a symbol name).
227: .Sh "Aliases"
228: There are four kinds of aliases: the \f(CWUser_Alias\fR, \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR,
229: \f(CWHost_Alias\fR and \f(CWCmnd_Alias\fR.
230: .PP
231: .Vb 4
232: \& Alias ::= 'User_Alias' = User_Alias (':' User_Alias)* |
1.3 millert 233: \& 'Runas_Alias' = Runas_Alias (':' Runas_Alias)* |
234: \& 'Host_Alias' = Host_Alias (':' Host_Alias)* |
235: \& 'Cmnd_Alias' = Cmnd_Alias (':' Cmnd_Alias)*
1.1 millert 236: .Ve
237: .Vb 1
238: \& User_Alias ::= NAME '=' User_List
239: .Ve
240: .Vb 1
241: \& Runas_Alias ::= NAME '=' Runas_User_List
242: .Ve
243: .Vb 1
244: \& Host_Alias ::= NAME '=' Host_List
245: .Ve
246: .Vb 1
247: \& Cmnd_Alias ::= NAME '=' Cmnd_List
248: .Ve
249: .Vb 1
250: \& NAME ::= [A-Z]([A-Z][0-9]_)*
251: .Ve
252: Each \fIalias\fR definition is of the form
253: .PP
254: .Vb 1
255: \& Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, ...
256: .Ve
257: where \fIAlias_Type\fR is one of \f(CWUser_Alias\fR, \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR, \f(CWHost_Alias\fR,
258: or \f(CWCmnd_Alias\fR. A \f(CWNAME\fR is a string of upper case letters, numbers,
259: and the underscore characters ('_'). A \f(CWNAME\fR \fBmust\fR start with an
260: upper case letter. It is possible to put several alias definitions
261: of the same type on a single line, joined by a semicolon (':'). Eg.
262: .PP
263: .Vb 1
264: \& Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, item3 : NAME = item4, item5
265: .Ve
266: The definitions of what constitutes a valid \fIalias\fR member follow.
267: .PP
268: .Vb 2
269: \& User_List ::= User |
270: \& User ',' User_List
271: .Ve
272: .Vb 5
273: \& User ::= '!'* username |
274: \& '!'* '#'uid |
275: \& '!'* '%'group |
276: \& '!'* '+'netgroup |
277: \& '!'* User_Alias
278: .Ve
279: A \f(CWUser_List\fR is made up of one or more usernames, uids
280: (prefixed with \*(L'#'), System groups (prefixed with \*(L'%'),
281: netgroups (prefixed with \*(L'+') and other aliases. Each list
282: item may be prefixed with one or more \*(L'!\*(R' operators. An odd number
283: of \*(L'!\*(R' operators negates the value of the item; an even number
284: just cancel each other out.
285: .PP
286: .Vb 2
287: \& Runas_List ::= Runas_User |
288: \& Runas_User ',' Runas_List
289: .Ve
290: .Vb 5
291: \& Runas_User ::= '!'* username |
292: \& '!'* '#'uid |
293: \& '!'* '%'group |
294: \& '!'* +netgroup |
295: \& '!'* Runas_Alias
296: .Ve
297: Likewise, a \f(CWRunas_List\fR has the same possible elements
298: as a \f(CWUser_List\fR, except that it can include a \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR,
299: instead of a \f(CWUser_Alias\fR.
300: .PP
301: .Vb 2
302: \& Host_List ::= Host |
303: \& Host ',' Host_List
304: .Ve
305: .Vb 5
306: \& Host ::= '!'* hostname |
307: \& '!'* ip_addr |
308: \& '!'* network(/netmask)? |
309: \& '!'* '+'netgroup |
310: \& '!'* Host_Alias
311: .Ve
312: A \f(CWHost_List\fR is made up of one or more hostnames, \s-1IP\s0 addresses,
313: network numbers, netgroups (prefixed with \*(L'+') and other aliases.
314: Again, the value of an item may be negated with the \*(L'!\*(R' operator.
315: If you do not specify a netmask with a network number, the netmask
316: of the host's ethernet \fIinterface\fR\|(s) will be used when matching.
317: The netmask may be specified either in dotted quad notation (eg.
318: 255.255.255.0) or \s-1CIDR\s0 notation (number of bits, eg. 24).
319: .PP
320: .Vb 2
321: \& Cmnd_List ::= Cmnd |
322: \& Cmnd ',' Cmnd_List
323: .Ve
324: .Vb 3
325: \& commandname ::= filename |
326: \& filename args |
327: \& filename '""'
328: .Ve
329: .Vb 3
330: \& Cmnd ::= '!'* commandname |
331: \& '!'* directory |
332: \& '!'* Cmnd_Alias
333: .Ve
334: A \f(CWCmnd_List\fR is a list of one or more commandnames, directories, and other
335: aliases. A commandname is a fully-qualified filename which may include
336: shell-style wildcards (see `Wildcards\*(R' section below). A simple
337: filename allows the user to run the command with any arguments he/she
338: wishes. However, you may also command line arguments (including wildcards).
339: Alternately, you can specify \f(CW""\fR to indicate that the command
340: may only be run \fBwithout\fR command line arguments. A directory is a
341: fully qualified pathname ending in a \*(L'/\*(R'. When you specify a directory
342: in a \f(CWCmnd_List\fR, the user will be able to run any file within that directory
343: (but not in any subdirectories therein).
344: .PP
345: If a \f(CWCmnd\fR has associated command line arguments, then the arguments
346: in the \f(CWCmnd\fR must match exactly those given by the user on the command line
347: (or match the wildcards if there are any). Note that the following
348: characters must be escaped with a \*(L'\e\*(R' if they are used in command
349: arguments: \*(L',\*(R', \*(L':\*(R', \*(L'=\*(R', \*(L'\e\*(R'.
350: .Sh "Defaults"
351: Certain configuration options may be changed from their default
352: values at runtime via one or more \f(CWDefault_Entry\fR lines. These
353: may affect all users on any host, all users on a specific host,
354: or just a specific user. When multiple entries match, they are
355: applied in order. Where there are conflicting values, the last
356: value on a matching line takes effect.
357: .PP
358: .Vb 3
359: \& Default_Type ::= 'Defaults' ||
360: \& 'Defaults' ':' User ||
361: \& 'Defaults' '@' Host
362: .Ve
363: .Vb 1
364: \& Default_Entry ::= Default_Type Parameter_List
365: .Ve
366: .Vb 2
367: \& Parameter ::= Parameter '=' Value ||
368: \& '!'* Parameter ||
369: .Ve
370: Parameters may be \fBflags\fR, \fBinteger\fR values, or \fBstrings\fR. Flags
371: are implicitly boolean and can be turned off via the \*(L'!\*(R' operator.
372: Some integer and string parameters may also be used in a boolean
373: context to disable them. Values may be enclosed in double quotes
374: (\f(CW"\fR) when they contain multiple words. Special characters may
375: be escaped with a backslash (\f(CW\e\fR).
376: .PP
377: \fBFlags\fR:
378: .Ip "long_otp_prompt" 12
1.4 ! millert 379: When validating with a One Time Password scheme (\fBS/Key\fR or \fB\s-1OPIE\s0\fR),
! 380: a two-line prompt is used to make it easier to cut and paste the
! 381: challenge to a local window. It's not as pretty as the default but
! 382: some people find it more convenient. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 383: .Ip "ignore_dot" 12
1.4 ! millert 384: If set, \fBsudo\fR will ignore \*(L'.\*(R' or \*(L'\*(R' (current dir) in \f(CW$PATH\fR;
! 385: the \f(CW$PATH\fR itself is not modified. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 386: .Ip "mail_always" 12
1.4 ! millert 387: Send mail to the \fImailto\fR user every time a users runs sudo.
! 388: This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 389: .Ip "mail_no_user" 12
1.4 ! millert 390: If set, mail will be sent to the \fImailto\fR user if the invoking
! 391: user is not in the \fIsudoers\fR file. This flag is on by default.
1.1 millert 392: .Ip "mail_no_host" 12
1.4 ! millert 393: If set, mail will be sent to the \fImailto\fR user if the invoking
! 394: user exists in the \fIsudoers\fR file, but is not allowed to run
! 395: commands on the current host. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 396: .Ip "mail_no_perms" 12
1.4 ! millert 397: If set, mail will be sent to the \fImailto\fR user if the invoking
! 398: user allowed to use sudo but the command they are trying is not
! 399: listed in their \fIsudoers\fR file entry. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 400: .Ip "tty_tickets" 12
1.4 ! millert 401: If set, users must authenticate on a per-tty basis. Normally,
! 402: \fBsudo\fR uses a directory in the ticket dir with the same name as
! 403: the user running it. With this flag enabled, \fBsudo\fR will use a
! 404: file named for the tty the user is logged in on in that directory.
! 405: This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 406: .Ip "lecture" 12
1.4 ! millert 407: If set, a user will receive a short lecture the first time he/she
! 408: runs \fBsudo\fR. This flag is on by default.
1.1 millert 409: .Ip "authenticate" 12
1.4 ! millert 410: If set, users must authenticate themselves via a password (or other
! 411: means of authentication) before they may run commands. This default
! 412: may be overridden via the \f(CWPASSWD\fR and \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tags.
! 413: This flag is on by default.
1.1 millert 414: .Ip "root_sudo" 12
1.4 ! millert 415: If set, root is allowed to run sudo too. Disabling this prevents users
! 416: from \*(L"chaining\*(R" sudo commands to get a root shell by doing something
! 417: like \f(CW"sudo sudo /bin/sh"\fR.
! 418: This flag is on by default.
1.1 millert 419: .Ip "log_host" 12
1.4 ! millert 420: If set, the hostname will be logged in the (non-syslog) \fBsudo\fR log file.
! 421: This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 422: .Ip "log_year" 12
1.4 ! millert 423: If set, the four-digit year will be logged in the (non-syslog) \fBsudo\fR log file.
! 424: This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 425: .Ip "shell_noargs" 12
1.4 ! millert 426: If set and \fBsudo\fR is invoked with no arguments it acts as if the
! 427: \f(CW-s\fR flag had been given. That is, it runs a shell as root (the
! 428: shell is determined by the \f(CWSHELL\fR environment variable if it is
! 429: set, falling back on the shell listed in the invoking user's
! 430: /etc/passwd entry if not). This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 431: .Ip "set_home" 12
1.4 ! millert 432: If set and \fBsudo\fR is invoked with the \f(CW-s\fR flag the \f(CWHOME\fR
! 433: environment variable will be set to the home directory of the target
! 434: user (which is root unless the \f(CW-u\fR option is used). This effectively
! 435: makes the \f(CW-s\fR flag imply \f(CW-H\fR. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 436: .Ip "path_info" 12
1.4 ! millert 437: Normally, \fBsudo\fR will tell the user when a command could not be
! 438: found in their \f(CW$PATH\fR. Some sites may wish to disable this as
! 439: it could be used to gather information on the location of executables
! 440: that the normal user does not have access to. The disadvantage is
! 441: that if the executable is simply not in the user's \f(CW$PATH\fR, \fBsudo\fR
! 442: will tell the user that they are not allowed to run it, which can
! 443: be confusing. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 444: .Ip "fqdn" 12
1.4 ! millert 445: Set this flag if you want to put fully qualified hostnames in the
! 446: \fIsudoers\fR file. Ie: instead of myhost you would use myhost.mydomain.edu.
! 447: You may still use the short form if you wish (and even mix the two).
! 448: Beware that turning on \fIfqdn\fR requires sudo to make \s-1DNS\s0 lookups
! 449: which may make \fBsudo\fR unusable if \s-1DNS\s0 stops working (for example
! 450: if the machine is not plugged into the network). Also note that
! 451: you must use the host's official name as \s-1DNS\s0 knows it. That is,
! 452: you may not use a host alias (\f(CWCNAME\fR entry) due to performance
! 453: issues and the fact that there is no way to get all aliases from
! 454: \s-1DNS\s0. If your machine's hostname (as returned by the \f(CWhostname\fR
! 455: command) is already fully qualified you shouldn't need to set
! 456: \fIfqfn\fR. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 457: .Ip "insults" 12
1.4 ! millert 458: If set, sudo will insult users when they enter an incorrect
! 459: password. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 460: .Ip "requiretty" 12
1.4 ! millert 461: If set, sudo will only run when the user is logged in to a real
! 462: tty. This will disallow things like \f(CW"rsh somehost sudo ls"\fR since
! 463: \fIrsh\fR\|(1) does not allocate a tty. Because it is not possible to turn
! 464: of echo when there is no tty present, some sites may with to set
! 465: this flag to prevent a user from entering a visible password. This
! 466: flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 467: .PP
468: \fBIntegers\fR:
469: .Ip "passwd_tries" 12
1.4 ! millert 470: The number of tries a user gets to enter his/her password before
! 471: sudo logs the failure and exits. The default is 3.
1.1 millert 472: .PP
473: \fBIntegers that can be used in a boolean context\fR:
474: .Ip "loglinelen" 12
1.4 ! millert 475: Number of characters per line for the file log. This value is used
! 476: to decide when to wrap lines for nicer log files. This has no
! 477: effect on the syslog log file, only the file log. The default is
! 478: 80 (use 0 or negate to disable word wrap).
1.1 millert 479: .Ip "timestamp_timeout" 12
1.4 ! millert 480: Number of minutes that can elapse before \fBsudo\fR will ask for a passwd
! 481: again. The default is 5, set this to 0 to always prompt for a password.
1.1 millert 482: .Ip "passwd_timeout" 12
1.4 ! millert 483: Number of minutes before the sudo password prompt times out.
! 484: The default is 5, set this to 0 for no password timeout.
1.1 millert 485: .Ip "umask" 12
1.4 ! millert 486: Umask to use when running the root command. Set this to 0777 to
! 487: not override the user's umask. The default is 0022.
1.1 millert 488: .PP
489: \fBStrings\fR:
490: .Ip "mailsub" 12
1.4 ! millert 491: Subject of the mail sent to the \fImailto\fR user. The escape \f(CW%h\fR
! 492: will expand to the hostname of the machine.
! 493: Default is \*(L"*** \s-1SECURITY\s0 information for \f(CW%h\fR ***\*(R".
1.1 millert 494: .Ip "badpass_message" 12
1.4 ! millert 495: Message that is displayed if a user enters an incorrect password.
! 496: The default is \*(L"Sorry, try again.\*(R" unless insults are enabled.
1.1 millert 497: .Ip "timestampdir" 12
1.4 ! millert 498: The directory in which \fBsudo\fR stores its timestamp files.
! 499: The default is either \f(CW/var/run/sudo\fR or \f(CW/tmp/sudo\fR.
1.1 millert 500: .Ip "passprompt" 12
1.4 ! millert 501: The default prompt to use when asking for a password; can be overridden
! 502: via the \f(CW-p\fR option or the \f(CWSUDO_PROMPT\fR environment variable. Supports
! 503: two escapes: \*(L"%u\*(R" expands to the user's login name and \*(L"%h\*(R" expands
! 504: to the local hostname. The default value is \*(L"Password:\*(R".
1.1 millert 505: .Ip "runas_default" 12
1.4 ! millert 506: The default user to run commands as if the \f(CW-u\fR flag is not specified
! 507: on the command line. This defaults to \*(L"root\*(R".
1.1 millert 508: .Ip "syslog_goodpri" 12
1.4 ! millert 509: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates successfully.
! 510: Defaults to \*(L"notice\*(R".
1.1 millert 511: .Ip "syslog_badpri" 12
1.4 ! millert 512: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates unsuccessfully.
! 513: Defaults to \*(L"alert\*(R".
1.1 millert 514: .PP
515: \fBStrings that can be used in a boolean context\fR:
516: .Ip "syslog" 12
1.4 ! millert 517: Syslog facility if syslog is being used for logging (negate to
! 518: disable syslog logging). Defaults to \*(L"local2\*(R".
1.1 millert 519: .Ip "mailerpath" 12
1.4 ! millert 520: Path to mail program used to send warning mail.
! 521: Defaults to the path to sendmail found at configure time.
1.1 millert 522: .Ip "mailerflags" 12
1.4 ! millert 523: Flags to use when invoking mailer. Defaults to \f(CW-t\fR.
1.1 millert 524: .Ip "mailto" 12
1.4 ! millert 525: Address to send warning and erorr mail to. Defaults to \*(L"root\*(R".
1.1 millert 526: .Ip "exempt_group" 12
1.4 ! millert 527: Users in this group are exempt from password and \s-1PATH\s0 requirements.
! 528: This is not set by default.
1.1 millert 529: .Ip "secure_path" 12
1.4 ! millert 530: Path used for every command run from \fBsudo\fR. If you don't trust the
! 531: people running sudo to have a sane \f(CWPATH\fR environment variable you may
! 532: want to use this. Another use is if you want to have the \*(L"root path\*(R"
! 533: be separate from the \*(L"user path.\*(R" This is not set by default.
1.3 millert 534: .Ip "verifypw" 12
535: This option controls when a password will be required when a
536: user runs sudo with the \fB\-v\fR. It has the following possible values:
537: .Sp
538: .Vb 3
1.4 ! millert 539: \& all All the user's I<sudoers> entries for the
1.3 millert 540: \& current host must have the C<NOPASSWD>
541: \& flag set to avoid entering a password.
542: .Ve
543: .Vb 4
1.4 ! millert 544: \& any At least one of the user's I<sudoers> entries
1.3 millert 545: \& for the current host must have the
546: \& C<NOPASSWD> flag set to avoid entering a
547: \& password.
548: .Ve
549: .Vb 2
550: \& never The user need never enter a password to use
551: \& the B<-v> flag.
552: .Ve
553: .Vb 2
554: \& always The user must always enter a password to use
555: \& the B<-v> flag.
556: .Ve
557: The default value is `all\*(R'.
558: .Ip "listpw" 12
559: This option controls when a password will be required when a
560: user runs sudo with the \fB\-l\fR. It has the following possible values:
561: .Sp
562: .Vb 3
1.4 ! millert 563: \& all All the user's I<sudoers> entries for the
1.3 millert 564: \& current host must have the C<NOPASSWD>
565: \& flag set to avoid entering a password.
566: .Ve
567: .Vb 4
1.4 ! millert 568: \& any At least one of the user's I<sudoers> entries
1.3 millert 569: \& for the current host must have the
570: \& C<NOPASSWD> flag set to avoid entering a
571: \& password.
572: .Ve
573: .Vb 2
574: \& never The user need never enter a password to use
575: \& the B<-l> flag.
576: .Ve
577: .Vb 2
578: \& always The user must always enter a password to use
579: \& the B<-l> flag.
580: .Ve
581: The default value is `any\*(R'.
1.1 millert 582: .PP
583: When logging via \fIsyslog\fR\|(3), sudo accepts the following values for the syslog
584: facility (the value of the \fBsyslog\fR Parameter): \fBauthpriv\fR (if your \s-1OS\s0
585: supports it), \fBauth\fR, \fBdaemon\fR, \fBuser\fR, \fBlocal0\fR, \fBlocal1\fR, \fBlocal2\fR,
586: \fBlocal3\fR, \fBlocal4\fR, \fBlocal5\fR, \fBlocal6\fR, and \fBlocal7\fR. The following
587: syslog priorities are supported: \fBalert\fR, \fBcrit\fR, \fBdebug\fR, \fBemerg\fR,
588: \fBerr\fR, \fBinfo\fR, \fBnotice\fR, and \fBwarning\fR.
589: .Sh "User Specification"
590: .PP
1.3 millert 591: .Vb 2
592: \& User_Spec ::= User_list Host_List '=' User_List Cmnd_Spec_List \e
593: \& (':' User_Spec)*
1.1 millert 594: .Ve
595: .Vb 2
596: \& Cmnd_Spec_List ::= Cmnd_Spec |
597: \& Cmnd_Spec ',' Cmnd_Spec_List
598: .Ve
599: .Vb 1
1.3 millert 600: \& Cmnd_Spec ::= Runas_Spec? ('NOPASSWD:' | 'PASSWD:')? Cmnd
601: .Ve
602: .Vb 1
603: \& Runas_Spec ::= '(' Runas_List ')'
1.1 millert 604: .Ve
605: A \fBuser specification\fR determines which commands a user may run
606: (and as what user) on specified hosts. By default, commands are
607: run as \fBroot\fR but this can be changed on a per-command basis.
608: .PP
609: Let's break that down into its constituent parts:
610: .Sh "Runas_Spec"
611: A \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR is simply a \f(CWRunas_List\fR (as defined above)
612: enclosed in a set of parentheses. If you do not specify a
613: \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR in the user specification, a default \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR
614: of \fBroot\fR will be used. A \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR sets the default for
615: commands that follow it. What this means is that for the entry:
616: .PP
617: .Vb 1
618: \& dgb boulder = (operator) /bin/ls, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/who
619: .Ve
620: The user \fBdgb\fR may run \fI/bin/ls\fR, \fI/bin/kill\fR, and
621: \fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR -- but only as \fBoperator\fR. Eg.
622: .PP
623: .Vb 1
624: \& sudo -u operator /bin/ls.
625: .Ve
626: It is also possible to override a \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR later on in an
627: entry. If we modify the entry like so:
628: .PP
629: .Vb 1
630: \& dgb boulder = (operator) /bin/ls, (root) /bin/kill, /usr/bin/lprm
631: .Ve
632: Then user \fBdgb\fR is now allowed to run \fI/bin/ls\fR as \fBoperator\fR,
633: but \fI/bin/kill\fR and \fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR as \fBroot\fR.
634: .Sh "\s-1NOPASSWD\s0 and \s-1PASSWD\s0"
635: By default, \fBsudo\fR requires that a user authenticate him or herself
636: before running a command. This behavior can be modified via the
637: \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag. Like a \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR, the \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag sets
638: a default for the commands that follow it in the \f(CWCmnd_Spec_List\fR.
639: Conversely, the \f(CWPASSWD\fR tag can be used to reverse things.
640: For example:
641: .PP
642: .Vb 1
643: \& ray rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm
644: .Ve
645: would allow the user \fBray\fR to run \fI/bin/kill\fR, \fI/bin/ls\fR, and
646: \fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR as root on the machine rushmore as \fBroot\fR without
647: authenticating himself. If we only want \fBray\fR to be able to
648: run \fI/bin/kill\fR without a password the entry would be:
649: .PP
650: .Vb 1
651: \& ray rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, PASSWD: /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm
652: .Ve
1.3 millert 653: Note however, that the \f(CWPASSWD\fR tag has no effect on users who are
654: in the group specified by the exempt_group option.
655: .PP
656: By default, if the \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag is applied to any of the entries
657: for a user on the current host, he or she will be able to run
658: \f(CWsudo -l\fR without a password. Additionally, a user may only run
659: \f(CWsudo -v\fR without a password if the \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag is present
660: for all a user's entries that pertain to the current host.
661: This behavior may be overridden via the verifypw and listpw options.
1.1 millert 662: .Sh "Wildcards (aka meta characters):"
663: \fBsudo\fR allows shell-style \fIwildcards\fR to be used in pathnames
664: as well as command line arguments in the \fIsudoers\fR file. Wildcard
665: matching is done via the \fB\s-1POSIX\s0\fR \f(CWfnmatch(3)\fR routine. Note that
666: these are \fInot\fR regular expressions.
667: .Ip "\f(CW*\fR" 8
668: Matches any set of zero or more characters.
669: .Ip "\f(CW?\fR" 8
670: Matches any single character.
671: .Ip "\f(CW[...]\fR" 8
672: Matches any character in the specified range.
673: .Ip "\f(CW[!...]\fR" 8
674: Matches any character \fBnot\fR in the specified range.
675: .Ip "\f(CW\ex\fR" 8
676: For any character \*(L"x\*(R", evaluates to \*(L"x\*(R". This is used to
677: escape special characters such as: \*(L"*\*(R", \*(L"?\*(R", \*(L"[\*(R", and \*(L"}\*(R".
678: .PP
679: Note that a forward slash ('/') will \fBnot\fR be matched by
680: wildcards used in the pathname. When matching the command
681: line arguments, however, as slash \fBdoes\fR get matched by
682: wildcards. This is to make a path like:
683: .PP
684: .Vb 1
685: \& /usr/bin/*
686: .Ve
687: match \f(CW/usr/bin/who\fR but not \f(CW/usr/bin/X11/xterm\fR.
688: .Sh "Exceptions to wildcard rules:"
689: The following exceptions apply to the above rules:
690: .Ip \f(CW""\fR 8
691: If the empty string \f(CW""\fR is the only command line argument in the
692: \fIsudoers\fR entry it means that command is not allowed to be run
693: with \fBany\fR arguments.
694: .Sh "Other special characters and reserved words:"
695: The pound sign ('#') is used to indicate a comment (unless it
696: occurs in the context of a user name and is followed by one or
697: more digits, in which case it is treated as a uid). Both the
698: comment character and any text after it, up to the end of the line,
699: are ignored.
700: .PP
1.2 aaron 701: The reserved word \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR is a built in \fIalias\fR that always causes
1.1 millert 702: a match to succeed. It can be used wherever one might otherwise
703: use a \f(CWCmnd_Alias\fR, \f(CWUser_Alias\fR, \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR, or \f(CWHost_Alias\fR.
704: You should not try to define your own \fIalias\fR called \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR as the
705: built in alias will be used in preference to your own. Please note
706: that using \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR can be dangerous since in a command context, it
707: allows the user to run \fBany\fR command on the system.
708: .PP
709: An exclamation point (\*(R'!') can be used as a logical \fInot\fR operator
710: both in an \fIalias\fR and in front of a \f(CWCmnd\fR. This allows one to
711: exclude certain values. Note, however, that using a \f(CW!\fR in
712: conjunction with the built in \f(CWALL\fR alias to allow a user to
713: run \*(L"all but a few\*(R" commands rarely works as intended (see \s-1SECURITY\s0
714: \s-1NOTES\s0 below).
715: .PP
716: Long lines can be continued with a backslash (\*(R'\e') as the last
717: character on the line.
718: .PP
719: Whitespace between elements in a list as well as specicial syntactic
720: characters in a \fIUser Specification\fR ('=\*(R', \*(L':\*(R', \*(L'(\*(R', \*(L')') is optional.
721: .PP
722: The following characters must be escaped with a backslash (\*(R'\e') when
723: used as part of a word (eg. a username or hostname):
724: \&'@\*(R', \*(L'!\*(R', \*(L'=\*(R', \*(L':\*(R', \*(L',\*(R', \*(L'(\*(R', \*(L')\*(R', \*(L'\e\*(R'.
725: .SH "EXAMPLES"
726: Below are example \fIsudoers\fR entries. Admittedly, some of
727: these are a bit contrived. First, we define our \fIaliases\fR:
728: .PP
729: .Vb 4
730: \& # User alias specification
731: \& User_Alias FULLTIMERS = millert, mikef, dowdy
732: \& User_Alias PARTTIMERS = bostley, jwfox, crawl
733: \& User_Alias WEBMASTERS = will, wendy, wim
734: .Ve
735: .Vb 3
736: \& # Runas alias specification
737: \& Runas_Alias OP = root, operator
738: \& Runas_Alias DB = oracle, sybase
739: .Ve
740: .Vb 9
741: \& # Host alias specification
742: \& Host_Alias SPARC = bigtime, eclipse, moet, anchor :\e
743: \& SGI = grolsch, dandelion, black :\e
744: \& ALPHA = widget, thalamus, foobar :\e
745: \& HPPA = boa, nag, python
746: \& Host_Alias CUNETS = 128.138.0.0/255.255.0.0
747: \& Host_Alias CSNETS = 128.138.243.0, 128.138.204.0/24, 128.138.242.0
748: \& Host_Alias SERVERS = master, mail, www, ns
749: \& Host_Alias CDROM = orion, perseus, hercules
750: .Ve
751: .Vb 12
752: \& # Cmnd alias specification
753: \& Cmnd_Alias DUMPS = /usr/bin/mt, /usr/sbin/dump, /usr/sbin/rdump,\e
754: \& /usr/sbin/restore, /usr/sbin/rrestore
755: \& Cmnd_Alias KILL = /usr/bin/kill
756: \& Cmnd_Alias PRINTING = /usr/sbin/lpc, /usr/bin/lprm
757: \& Cmnd_Alias SHUTDOWN = /usr/sbin/shutdown
758: \& Cmnd_Alias HALT = /usr/sbin/halt, /usr/sbin/fasthalt
759: \& Cmnd_Alias REBOOT = /usr/sbin/reboot, /usr/sbin/fastboot
760: \& Cmnd_Alias SHELLS = /usr/bin/sh, /usr/bin/csh, /usr/bin/ksh, \e
761: \& /usr/local/bin/tcsh, /usr/bin/rsh, \e
762: \& /usr/local/bin/zsh
763: \& Cmnd_Alias SU = /usr/bin/su
764: .Ve
765: Here we override some of the compiled in default values. We want
766: sudo to log via \fIsyslog\fR\|(3) using the \fIauth\fR facility in all cases.
767: We don't want to subject the full time staff to the \fBsudo\fR lecture,
768: and user \fBmillert\fR need not give a password. In addition, on the
769: machines in the \fISERVERS\fR \f(CWHost_Alias\fR, we keep an additional
770: local log file and make sure we log the year in each log line since
771: the log entries will be kept around for several years.
772: .PP
773: .Vb 5
774: \& # Override builtin defaults
775: \& Defaults syslog=auth
776: \& Defaults:FULLTIMERS !lecture
777: \& Defaults:millert !authenticate
778: \& Defaults@SERVERS log_year, logfile=/var/log/sudo.log
779: .Ve
780: The \fIUser specification\fR is the part that actually determines who may
781: run what.
782: .PP
783: .Vb 2
784: \& root ALL = (ALL) ALL
785: \& %wheel ALL = (ALL) ALL
786: .Ve
787: We let \fBroot\fR and any user in group \fBwheel\fR run any command on any
788: host as any user.
789: .PP
790: .Vb 1
791: \& FULLTIMERS ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL
792: .Ve
793: Full time sysadmins (\fBmillert\fR, \fBmikef\fR, and \fBdowdy\fR) may run any
794: command on any host without authenticating themselves.
795: .PP
796: .Vb 1
797: \& PARTTIMERS ALL = ALL
798: .Ve
799: Part time sysadmins (\fBbostley\fR, \fBjwfox\fR, and \fBcrawl\fR) may run any
800: command on any host but they must authenticate themselves first
801: (since the entry lacks the \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag).
802: .PP
803: .Vb 1
804: \& jack CSNETS = ALL
805: .Ve
806: The user \fBjack\fR may run any command on the machines in the \fICSNETS\fR alias
807: (the networks \f(CW128.138.243.0\fR, \f(CW128.138.204.0\fR, and \f(CW128.138.242.0\fR).
808: Of those networks, only <128.138.204.0> has an explicit netmask (in
809: CIDR notation) indicating it is a class C network. For the other
810: networks in \fICSNETS\fR, the local machine's netmask will be used
811: during matching.
812: .PP
813: .Vb 1
814: \& lisa CUNETS = ALL
815: .Ve
816: The user \fBlisa\fR may run any command on any host in the \fICUNETS\fR alias
817: (the class B network \f(CW128.138.0.0\fR).
818: .PP
819: .Vb 2
820: \& operator ALL = DUMPS, KILL, PRINTING, SHUTDOWN, HALT, REBOOT,\e
821: \& /usr/oper/bin/
822: .Ve
823: The \fBoperator\fR user may run commands limited to simple maintenance.
824: Here, those are commands related to backups, killing processes, the
825: printing system, shutting down the system, and any commands in the
826: directory \fI/usr/oper/bin/\fR.
827: .PP
828: .Vb 1
829: \& joe ALL = /usr/bin/su operator
830: .Ve
831: The user \fBjoe\fR may only \fIsu\fR\|(1) to operator.
832: .PP
833: .Vb 1
834: \& pete HPPA = /usr/bin/passwd [A-z]*, !/usr/bin/passwd root
835: .Ve
836: The user \fBpete\fR is allowed to change anyone's password except for
837: root on the \fIHPPA\fR machines. Note that this assumes \fIpasswd\fR\|(1)
838: does not take multiple usernames on the command line.
839: .PP
840: .Vb 1
841: \& bob SPARC = (OP) ALL : SGI = (OP) ALL
842: .Ve
843: The user \fBbob\fR may run anything on the \fISPARC\fR and \fISGI\fR machines
844: as any user listed in the \fIOP\fR \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR (\fBroot\fR and \fBoperator\fR).
845: .PP
846: .Vb 1
847: \& jim +biglab = ALL
848: .Ve
849: The user \fBjim\fR may run any command on machines in the \fIbiglab\fR netgroup.
850: \fBSudo\fR knows that \*(L"biglab\*(R" is a netgroup due to the \*(L'+\*(R' prefix.
851: .PP
852: .Vb 1
853: \& +secretaries ALL = PRINTING, /usr/bin/adduser, /usr/bin/rmuser
854: .Ve
855: Users in the \fBsecretaries\fR netgroup need to help manage the printers
856: as well as add and remove users, so they are allowed to run those
857: commands on all machines.
858: .PP
859: .Vb 1
860: \& fred ALL = (DB) NOPASSWD: ALL
861: .Ve
862: The user \fBfred\fR can run commands as any user in the \fIDB\fR \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR
863: (\fBoracle\fR or \fBsybase\fR) without giving a password.
864: .PP
865: .Vb 1
866: \& john ALPHA = /usr/bin/su [!-]*, !/usr/bin/su *root*
867: .Ve
868: On the \fIALPHA\fR machines, user \fBjohn\fR may su to anyone except root
869: but he is not allowed to give \fIsu\fR\|(1) any flags.
870: .PP
871: .Vb 1
872: \& jen ALL, !SERVERS = ALL
873: .Ve
874: The user \fBjen\fR may run any command on any machine except for those
875: in the \fISERVERS\fR \f(CWHost_Alias\fR (master, mail, www and ns).
876: .PP
877: .Vb 1
878: \& jill SERVERS = /usr/bin/, !SU, !SHELLS
879: .Ve
880: For any machine in the \fISERVERS\fR \f(CWHost_Alias\fR, \fBjill\fR may run
881: any commands in the directory /usr/bin/ except for those commands
882: belonging to the \fISU\fR and \fISHELLS\fR \f(CWCmnd_Aliases\fR.
883: .PP
884: .Vb 1
885: \& steve CSNETS = (operator) /usr/local/op_commands/
886: .Ve
887: The user \fBsteve\fR may run any command in the directory /usr/local/op_commands/
888: but only as user operator.
889: .PP
890: .Vb 1
891: \& matt valkyrie = KILL
892: .Ve
893: On his personal workstation, valkyrie, \fBmatt\fR needs to be able to
894: kill hung processes.
895: .PP
896: .Vb 1
897: \& WEBMASTERS www = (www) ALL, (root) /usr/bin/su www
898: .Ve
899: On the host www, any user in the \fIWEBMASTERS\fR \f(CWUser_Alias\fR (will,
900: wendy, and wim), may run any command as user www (which owns the
901: web pages) or simply \fIsu\fR\|(1) to www.
902: .PP
903: .Vb 2
904: \& ALL CDROM = NOPASSWD: /sbin/umount /CDROM,\e
905: \& /sbin/mount -o nosuid\e,nodev /dev/cd0a /CDROM
906: .Ve
907: Any user may mount or unmount a CD\-ROM on the machines in the CDROM
908: \f(CWHost_Alias\fR (orion, perseus, hercules) without entering a password.
909: This is a bit tedious for users to type, so it is a prime candiate
910: for encapsulating in a shell script.
911: .SH "SECURITY NOTES"
912: It is generally not effective to \*(L"subtract\*(R" commands from \f(CWALL\fR
913: using the \*(L'!\*(R' operator. A user can trivially circumvent this
914: by copying the desired command to a different name and then
915: executing that. For example:
916: .PP
917: .Vb 1
918: \& bill ALL = ALL, !SU, !SHELLS
919: .Ve
920: Doesn't really prevent \fBbill\fR from running the commands listed in
921: \fISU\fR or \fISHELLS\fR since he can simply copy those commands to a
922: different name, or use a shell escape from an editor or other
923: program. Therefore, these kind of restrictions should be considered
924: advisory at best (and reinforced by policy).
925: .SH "CAVEATS"
926: The \fIsudoers\fR file should \fBalways\fR be edited by the \fBvisudo\fR
927: command which locks the file and does grammatical checking. It is
928: imperative that \fIsudoers\fR be free of syntax errors since \fBsudo\fR
929: will not run with a syntactically incorrect \fIsudoers\fR file.
1.3 millert 930: .PP
931: When using netgroups of machines (as opposed to users), if you
932: store fully-qualified hostnames in the netgroup (as is usually the
933: case), you either need to have the machine's hostname be fully-qualified
934: as returned by the \f(CWhostname\fR command or use the \fIfqdn\fR option in
935: \fIsudoers\fR.
1.1 millert 936: .SH "FILES"
937: .PP
938: .Vb 3
939: \& /etc/sudoers List of who can run what
940: \& /etc/group Local groups file
941: \& /etc/netgroup List of network groups
942: .Ve
943: .SH "SEE ALSO"
944: \fIsudo\fR\|(8), \fIvisudo\fR\|(8), \fIsu\fR\|(1), \fIfnmatch\fR\|(3).
945:
946: .rn }` ''
947: .IX Title "sudoers 5"
948: .IX Name "sudoers - list of which users may execute what"
949:
950: .IX Header "NAME"
951:
952: .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
953:
954: .IX Subsection "Quick guide to \s-1EBNF\s0"
955:
956: .IX Item "\f(CW?\fR"
957:
958: .IX Item "\f(CW*\fR"
959:
960: .IX Item "\f(CW+\fR"
961:
962: .IX Subsection "Aliases"
963:
964: .IX Subsection "Defaults"
965:
966: .IX Item "long_otp_prompt"
967:
968: .IX Item "ignore_dot"
969:
970: .IX Item "mail_always"
971:
972: .IX Item "mail_no_user"
973:
974: .IX Item "mail_no_host"
975:
976: .IX Item "mail_no_perms"
977:
978: .IX Item "tty_tickets"
979:
980: .IX Item "lecture"
981:
982: .IX Item "authenticate"
983:
984: .IX Item "root_sudo"
985:
986: .IX Item "log_host"
987:
988: .IX Item "log_year"
989:
990: .IX Item "shell_noargs"
991:
992: .IX Item "set_home"
993:
994: .IX Item "path_info"
995:
996: .IX Item "fqdn"
997:
998: .IX Item "insults"
999:
1000: .IX Item "requiretty"
1001:
1002: .IX Item "passwd_tries"
1003:
1004: .IX Item "loglinelen"
1005:
1006: .IX Item "timestamp_timeout"
1007:
1008: .IX Item "passwd_timeout"
1009:
1010: .IX Item "umask"
1011:
1012: .IX Item "mailsub"
1013:
1014: .IX Item "badpass_message"
1015:
1016: .IX Item "timestampdir"
1017:
1018: .IX Item "passprompt"
1019:
1020: .IX Item "runas_default"
1021:
1022: .IX Item "syslog_goodpri"
1023:
1024: .IX Item "syslog_badpri"
1025:
1026: .IX Item "syslog"
1027:
1028: .IX Item "mailerpath"
1029:
1030: .IX Item "mailerflags"
1031:
1032: .IX Item "mailto"
1033:
1034: .IX Item "exempt_group"
1035:
1036: .IX Item "secure_path"
1037:
1.3 millert 1038: .IX Item "verifypw"
1039:
1040: .IX Item "listpw"
1041:
1.1 millert 1042: .IX Subsection "User Specification"
1043:
1044: .IX Subsection "Runas_Spec"
1045:
1046: .IX Subsection "\s-1NOPASSWD\s0 and \s-1PASSWD\s0"
1047:
1048: .IX Subsection "Wildcards (aka meta characters):"
1049:
1050: .IX Item "\f(CW*\fR"
1051:
1052: .IX Item "\f(CW?\fR"
1053:
1054: .IX Item "\f(CW[...]\fR"
1055:
1056: .IX Item "\f(CW[!...]\fR"
1057:
1058: .IX Item "\f(CW\ex\fR"
1059:
1060: .IX Subsection "Exceptions to wildcard rules:"
1061:
1.3 millert 1062: .IX Item \f(CW""\fR
1.1 millert 1063:
1064: .IX Subsection "Other special characters and reserved words:"
1065:
1066: .IX Header "EXAMPLES"
1067:
1068: .IX Header "SECURITY NOTES"
1069:
1070: .IX Header "CAVEATS"
1071:
1072: .IX Header "FILES"
1073:
1074: .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
1075:
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