Annotation of src/usr.bin/sudo/sudoers.5, Revision 1.5
1.1 millert 1: .rn '' }`
1.5 ! millert 2: ''' $RCSfile: sudoers.man.in,v $$Revision: 1.5 $$Date: 2000/03/27 03:26:23 $
1.2 aaron 3: '''
1.5 ! millert 4: ''' $Log: sudoers.man.in,v $
! 5: ''' Revision 1.5 2000/03/27 03:26:23 millert
! 6: ''' Use 8 and 5 in the man page bodies as well.
1.1 millert 7: '''
8: '''
9: .de Sh
10: .br
11: .if t .Sp
12: .ne 5
13: .PP
14: \fB\\$1\fR
15: .PP
16: ..
17: .de Sp
18: .if t .sp .5v
19: .if n .sp
20: ..
21: .de Ip
22: .br
23: .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3
24: .el .ne 3
25: .IP "\\$1" \\$2
26: ..
27: .de Vb
28: .ft CW
29: .nf
30: .ne \\$1
31: ..
32: .de Ve
33: .ft R
34:
35: .fi
36: ..
37: '''
38: '''
39: ''' Set up \*(-- to give an unbreakable dash;
40: ''' string Tr holds user defined translation string.
41: ''' Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character.
42: '''
43: .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
44: .ie n \{\
45: .ds -- \(*W-
46: .ds PI pi
47: .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
48: .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
49: .ds L" ""
50: .ds R" ""
51: ''' \*(M", \*(S", \*(N" and \*(T" are the equivalent of
52: ''' \*(L" and \*(R", except that they are used on ".xx" lines,
53: ''' such as .IP and .SH, which do another additional levels of
54: ''' double-quote interpretation
55: .ds M" """
56: .ds S" """
57: .ds N" """""
58: .ds T" """""
59: .ds L' '
60: .ds R' '
61: .ds M' '
62: .ds S' '
63: .ds N' '
64: .ds T' '
65: 'br\}
66: .el\{\
67: .ds -- \(em\|
68: .tr \*(Tr
69: .ds L" ``
70: .ds R" ''
71: .ds M" ``
72: .ds S" ''
73: .ds N" ``
74: .ds T" ''
75: .ds L' `
76: .ds R' '
77: .ds M' `
78: .ds S' '
79: .ds N' `
80: .ds T' '
81: .ds PI \(*p
82: 'br\}
83: .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate
84: .\" index entries out stderr for the following things:
85: .\" TH Title
86: .\" SH Header
87: .\" Sh Subsection
88: .\" Ip Item
89: .\" X<> Xref (embedded
90: .\" Of course, you have to process the output yourself
91: .\" in some meaninful fashion.
92: .if \nF \{
93: .de IX
94: .tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
95: ..
96: .nr % 0
97: .rr F
98: .\}
1.5 ! millert 99: .TH sudoers 5 "1.6.3" "26/Mar/2000" "FILE FORMATS"
1.1 millert 100: .UC
101: .if n .hy 0
102: .if n .na
103: .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
104: .de CQ \" put $1 in typewriter font
105: .ft CW
106: 'if n "\c
107: 'if t \\&\\$1\c
108: 'if n \\&\\$1\c
109: 'if n \&"
110: \\&\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7
111: '.ft R
112: ..
113: .\" @(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2
114: . \" AM - accent mark definitions
115: .bd B 3
116: . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
117: .if n \{\
118: . ds #H 0
119: . ds #V .8m
120: . ds #F .3m
121: . ds #[ \f1
122: . ds #] \fP
123: .\}
124: .if t \{\
125: . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
126: . ds #V .6m
127: . ds #F 0
128: . ds #[ \&
129: . ds #] \&
130: .\}
131: . \" simple accents for nroff and troff
132: .if n \{\
133: . ds ' \&
134: . ds ` \&
135: . ds ^ \&
136: . ds , \&
137: . ds ~ ~
138: . ds ? ?
139: . ds ! !
140: . ds /
141: . ds q
142: .\}
143: .if t \{\
144: . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
145: . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
146: . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
147: . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
148: . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
149: . ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10'
150: . ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m'
151: . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
152: . ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10'
153: .\}
154: . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
155: .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
156: .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
157: .ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
158: .ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
159: .ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u'
160: .ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#]
161: .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
162: .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
163: .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
164: .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
165: .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
166: .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
167: .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
168: .ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e
169: .ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E
170: . \" corrections for vroff
171: .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
172: .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
173: . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
174: .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
175: \{\
176: . ds : e
177: . ds 8 ss
178: . ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga'
179: . ds _ \h'-1'^
180: . ds . \h'-1'.
181: . ds 3 3
182: . ds o a
183: . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
184: . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
185: . ds th \o'bp'
186: . ds Th \o'LP'
187: . ds ae ae
188: . ds Ae AE
189: . ds oe oe
190: . ds Oe OE
191: .\}
192: .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
193: .SH "NAME"
194: sudoers \- list of which users may execute what
195: .SH "DESCRIPTION"
196: The \fIsudoers\fR file is composed two types of entries:
197: aliases (basically variables) and user specifications
198: (which specify who may run what). The grammar of \fIsudoers\fR
199: will be described below in Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF).
200: Don't despair if you don't know what EBNF is, it is fairly
201: simple and the definitions below are annotated.
202: .Sh "Quick guide to \s-1EBNF\s0"
203: \s-1EBNF\s0 is a concise and exact way of describing the grammar of a language.
204: Each \s-1EBNF\s0 definition is made up of \fIproduction rules\fR. Eg.
205: .PP
206: .Vb 1
207: \& symbol ::= definition | alternate1 | alternate2 ...
208: .Ve
209: Each \fIproduction rule\fR references others and thus makes up a
210: grammar for the language. \s-1EBNF\s0 also contains the following
211: operators, which many readers will recognize from regular
212: expressions. Do not, however, confuse them with \*(L"wildcard\*(R"
213: characters, which have different meanings.
214: .Ip "\f(CW?\fR" 8
215: Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) is optional.
216: That is, it may appear once or not at all.
217: .Ip "\f(CW*\fR" 8
218: Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) may appear
219: zero or more times.
220: .Ip "\f(CW+\fR" 8
221: Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) may appear
222: one or more times.
223: .PP
224: Parentheses may be used to group symbols together. For clarity,
225: we will use single quotes ('') to designate what is a verbatim character
226: string (as opposed to a symbol name).
227: .Sh "Aliases"
228: There are four kinds of aliases: the \f(CWUser_Alias\fR, \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR,
229: \f(CWHost_Alias\fR and \f(CWCmnd_Alias\fR.
230: .PP
231: .Vb 4
232: \& Alias ::= 'User_Alias' = User_Alias (':' User_Alias)* |
1.3 millert 233: \& 'Runas_Alias' = Runas_Alias (':' Runas_Alias)* |
234: \& 'Host_Alias' = Host_Alias (':' Host_Alias)* |
235: \& 'Cmnd_Alias' = Cmnd_Alias (':' Cmnd_Alias)*
1.1 millert 236: .Ve
237: .Vb 1
238: \& User_Alias ::= NAME '=' User_List
239: .Ve
240: .Vb 1
241: \& Runas_Alias ::= NAME '=' Runas_User_List
242: .Ve
243: .Vb 1
244: \& Host_Alias ::= NAME '=' Host_List
245: .Ve
246: .Vb 1
247: \& Cmnd_Alias ::= NAME '=' Cmnd_List
248: .Ve
249: .Vb 1
250: \& NAME ::= [A-Z]([A-Z][0-9]_)*
251: .Ve
252: Each \fIalias\fR definition is of the form
253: .PP
254: .Vb 1
255: \& Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, ...
256: .Ve
257: where \fIAlias_Type\fR is one of \f(CWUser_Alias\fR, \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR, \f(CWHost_Alias\fR,
258: or \f(CWCmnd_Alias\fR. A \f(CWNAME\fR is a string of upper case letters, numbers,
259: and the underscore characters ('_'). A \f(CWNAME\fR \fBmust\fR start with an
260: upper case letter. It is possible to put several alias definitions
261: of the same type on a single line, joined by a semicolon (':'). Eg.
262: .PP
263: .Vb 1
264: \& Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, item3 : NAME = item4, item5
265: .Ve
266: The definitions of what constitutes a valid \fIalias\fR member follow.
267: .PP
268: .Vb 2
269: \& User_List ::= User |
270: \& User ',' User_List
271: .Ve
272: .Vb 5
273: \& User ::= '!'* username |
274: \& '!'* '#'uid |
275: \& '!'* '%'group |
276: \& '!'* '+'netgroup |
277: \& '!'* User_Alias
278: .Ve
279: A \f(CWUser_List\fR is made up of one or more usernames, uids
280: (prefixed with \*(L'#'), System groups (prefixed with \*(L'%'),
281: netgroups (prefixed with \*(L'+') and other aliases. Each list
282: item may be prefixed with one or more \*(L'!\*(R' operators. An odd number
283: of \*(L'!\*(R' operators negates the value of the item; an even number
284: just cancel each other out.
285: .PP
286: .Vb 2
287: \& Runas_List ::= Runas_User |
288: \& Runas_User ',' Runas_List
289: .Ve
290: .Vb 5
291: \& Runas_User ::= '!'* username |
292: \& '!'* '#'uid |
293: \& '!'* '%'group |
294: \& '!'* +netgroup |
295: \& '!'* Runas_Alias
296: .Ve
297: Likewise, a \f(CWRunas_List\fR has the same possible elements
298: as a \f(CWUser_List\fR, except that it can include a \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR,
299: instead of a \f(CWUser_Alias\fR.
300: .PP
301: .Vb 2
302: \& Host_List ::= Host |
303: \& Host ',' Host_List
304: .Ve
305: .Vb 5
306: \& Host ::= '!'* hostname |
307: \& '!'* ip_addr |
308: \& '!'* network(/netmask)? |
309: \& '!'* '+'netgroup |
310: \& '!'* Host_Alias
311: .Ve
312: A \f(CWHost_List\fR is made up of one or more hostnames, \s-1IP\s0 addresses,
313: network numbers, netgroups (prefixed with \*(L'+') and other aliases.
314: Again, the value of an item may be negated with the \*(L'!\*(R' operator.
315: If you do not specify a netmask with a network number, the netmask
316: of the host's ethernet \fIinterface\fR\|(s) will be used when matching.
317: The netmask may be specified either in dotted quad notation (eg.
1.5 ! millert 318: 255.255.255.0) or \s-1CIDR\s0 notation (number of bits, eg. 24). A hostname
! 319: may include shell-style wildcards (see `Wildcards\*(R' section below),
! 320: but unless the \f(CWhostname\fR command on your machine returns the fully
! 321: qualified hostname, you'll need to use the \fIfqdn\fR option for wildcards
! 322: to be useful.
1.1 millert 323: .PP
324: .Vb 2
325: \& Cmnd_List ::= Cmnd |
326: \& Cmnd ',' Cmnd_List
327: .Ve
328: .Vb 3
329: \& commandname ::= filename |
330: \& filename args |
331: \& filename '""'
332: .Ve
333: .Vb 3
334: \& Cmnd ::= '!'* commandname |
335: \& '!'* directory |
336: \& '!'* Cmnd_Alias
337: .Ve
338: A \f(CWCmnd_List\fR is a list of one or more commandnames, directories, and other
1.5 ! millert 339: aliases. A commandname is a fully qualified filename which may include
1.1 millert 340: shell-style wildcards (see `Wildcards\*(R' section below). A simple
341: filename allows the user to run the command with any arguments he/she
342: wishes. However, you may also command line arguments (including wildcards).
343: Alternately, you can specify \f(CW""\fR to indicate that the command
344: may only be run \fBwithout\fR command line arguments. A directory is a
345: fully qualified pathname ending in a \*(L'/\*(R'. When you specify a directory
346: in a \f(CWCmnd_List\fR, the user will be able to run any file within that directory
347: (but not in any subdirectories therein).
348: .PP
349: If a \f(CWCmnd\fR has associated command line arguments, then the arguments
350: in the \f(CWCmnd\fR must match exactly those given by the user on the command line
351: (or match the wildcards if there are any). Note that the following
352: characters must be escaped with a \*(L'\e\*(R' if they are used in command
353: arguments: \*(L',\*(R', \*(L':\*(R', \*(L'=\*(R', \*(L'\e\*(R'.
354: .Sh "Defaults"
355: Certain configuration options may be changed from their default
356: values at runtime via one or more \f(CWDefault_Entry\fR lines. These
357: may affect all users on any host, all users on a specific host,
358: or just a specific user. When multiple entries match, they are
359: applied in order. Where there are conflicting values, the last
360: value on a matching line takes effect.
361: .PP
362: .Vb 3
363: \& Default_Type ::= 'Defaults' ||
364: \& 'Defaults' ':' User ||
365: \& 'Defaults' '@' Host
366: .Ve
367: .Vb 1
368: \& Default_Entry ::= Default_Type Parameter_List
369: .Ve
370: .Vb 2
371: \& Parameter ::= Parameter '=' Value ||
372: \& '!'* Parameter ||
373: .Ve
374: Parameters may be \fBflags\fR, \fBinteger\fR values, or \fBstrings\fR. Flags
375: are implicitly boolean and can be turned off via the \*(L'!\*(R' operator.
376: Some integer and string parameters may also be used in a boolean
377: context to disable them. Values may be enclosed in double quotes
378: (\f(CW"\fR) when they contain multiple words. Special characters may
379: be escaped with a backslash (\f(CW\e\fR).
380: .PP
381: \fBFlags\fR:
382: .Ip "long_otp_prompt" 12
1.4 millert 383: When validating with a One Time Password scheme (\fBS/Key\fR or \fB\s-1OPIE\s0\fR),
384: a two-line prompt is used to make it easier to cut and paste the
385: challenge to a local window. It's not as pretty as the default but
386: some people find it more convenient. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 387: .Ip "ignore_dot" 12
1.4 millert 388: If set, \fBsudo\fR will ignore \*(L'.\*(R' or \*(L'\*(R' (current dir) in \f(CW$PATH\fR;
389: the \f(CW$PATH\fR itself is not modified. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 390: .Ip "mail_always" 12
1.5 ! millert 391: Send mail to the \fImailto\fR user every time a users runs \fBsudo\fR.
1.4 millert 392: This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 393: .Ip "mail_no_user" 12
1.4 millert 394: If set, mail will be sent to the \fImailto\fR user if the invoking
395: user is not in the \fIsudoers\fR file. This flag is on by default.
1.1 millert 396: .Ip "mail_no_host" 12
1.4 millert 397: If set, mail will be sent to the \fImailto\fR user if the invoking
398: user exists in the \fIsudoers\fR file, but is not allowed to run
399: commands on the current host. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 400: .Ip "mail_no_perms" 12
1.4 millert 401: If set, mail will be sent to the \fImailto\fR user if the invoking
1.5 ! millert 402: user allowed to use \fBsudo\fR but the command they are trying is not
1.4 millert 403: listed in their \fIsudoers\fR file entry. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 404: .Ip "tty_tickets" 12
1.4 millert 405: If set, users must authenticate on a per-tty basis. Normally,
406: \fBsudo\fR uses a directory in the ticket dir with the same name as
407: the user running it. With this flag enabled, \fBsudo\fR will use a
408: file named for the tty the user is logged in on in that directory.
409: This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 410: .Ip "lecture" 12
1.4 millert 411: If set, a user will receive a short lecture the first time he/she
412: runs \fBsudo\fR. This flag is on by default.
1.1 millert 413: .Ip "authenticate" 12
1.4 millert 414: If set, users must authenticate themselves via a password (or other
415: means of authentication) before they may run commands. This default
416: may be overridden via the \f(CWPASSWD\fR and \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tags.
417: This flag is on by default.
1.1 millert 418: .Ip "root_sudo" 12
1.5 ! millert 419: If set, root is allowed to run \fBsudo\fR too. Disabling this prevents users
! 420: from \*(L"chaining\*(R" \fBsudo\fR commands to get a root shell by doing something
1.4 millert 421: like \f(CW"sudo sudo /bin/sh"\fR.
422: This flag is on by default.
1.1 millert 423: .Ip "log_host" 12
1.4 millert 424: If set, the hostname will be logged in the (non-syslog) \fBsudo\fR log file.
425: This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 426: .Ip "log_year" 12
1.4 millert 427: If set, the four-digit year will be logged in the (non-syslog) \fBsudo\fR log file.
428: This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 429: .Ip "shell_noargs" 12
1.4 millert 430: If set and \fBsudo\fR is invoked with no arguments it acts as if the
431: \f(CW-s\fR flag had been given. That is, it runs a shell as root (the
432: shell is determined by the \f(CWSHELL\fR environment variable if it is
433: set, falling back on the shell listed in the invoking user's
434: /etc/passwd entry if not). This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 435: .Ip "set_home" 12
1.4 millert 436: If set and \fBsudo\fR is invoked with the \f(CW-s\fR flag the \f(CWHOME\fR
437: environment variable will be set to the home directory of the target
438: user (which is root unless the \f(CW-u\fR option is used). This effectively
439: makes the \f(CW-s\fR flag imply \f(CW-H\fR. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 440: .Ip "path_info" 12
1.4 millert 441: Normally, \fBsudo\fR will tell the user when a command could not be
442: found in their \f(CW$PATH\fR. Some sites may wish to disable this as
443: it could be used to gather information on the location of executables
444: that the normal user does not have access to. The disadvantage is
445: that if the executable is simply not in the user's \f(CW$PATH\fR, \fBsudo\fR
446: will tell the user that they are not allowed to run it, which can
447: be confusing. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 448: .Ip "fqdn" 12
1.4 millert 449: Set this flag if you want to put fully qualified hostnames in the
450: \fIsudoers\fR file. Ie: instead of myhost you would use myhost.mydomain.edu.
451: You may still use the short form if you wish (and even mix the two).
1.5 ! millert 452: Beware that turning on \fIfqdn\fR requires \fBsudo\fR to make \s-1DNS\s0 lookups
1.4 millert 453: which may make \fBsudo\fR unusable if \s-1DNS\s0 stops working (for example
454: if the machine is not plugged into the network). Also note that
455: you must use the host's official name as \s-1DNS\s0 knows it. That is,
456: you may not use a host alias (\f(CWCNAME\fR entry) due to performance
457: issues and the fact that there is no way to get all aliases from
458: \s-1DNS\s0. If your machine's hostname (as returned by the \f(CWhostname\fR
459: command) is already fully qualified you shouldn't need to set
460: \fIfqfn\fR. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 461: .Ip "insults" 12
1.5 ! millert 462: If set, \fBsudo\fR will insult users when they enter an incorrect
1.4 millert 463: password. This flag is off by default.
1.1 millert 464: .Ip "requiretty" 12
1.5 ! millert 465: If set, \fBsudo\fR will only run when the user is logged in to a real
1.4 millert 466: tty. This will disallow things like \f(CW"rsh somehost sudo ls"\fR since
467: \fIrsh\fR\|(1) does not allocate a tty. Because it is not possible to turn
468: of echo when there is no tty present, some sites may with to set
469: this flag to prevent a user from entering a visible password. This
470: flag is off by default.
1.5 ! millert 471: .Ip "env_editor" 12
! 472: If set, \fBvisudo\fR will use the value of the \s-1EDITOR\s0 or \s-1VISUAL\s0 environment
! 473: falling back on the default editor. Note that this may create a
! 474: security hole as most editors allow a user to get a shell (which
! 475: would be a root shell and not be logged).
! 476: .Ip "rootpw" 12
! 477: If set, \fBsudo\fR will prompt for the root password instead of the password
! 478: of the invoking user.
! 479: .Ip "runaspw" 12
! 480: If set, \fBsudo\fR will prompt for the password of the user defined by the
! 481: \fIrunas_default\fR option (defaults to root) instead of the password
! 482: of the invoking user.
! 483: .Ip "targetpw" 12
! 484: If set, \fBsudo\fR will prompt for the password of the user specified by
! 485: the \f(CW-u\fR flag (defaults to root) instead of the password of the
! 486: invoking user.
! 487: .Ip "set_logname" 12
! 488: Normally, \fBsudo\fR will set the \f(CWLOGNAME\fR and \f(CWUSER\fR environment variables
! 489: to the name of the target user (usually root unless the \f(CW-u\fR flag is given).
! 490: However, since some programs (including the \s-1RCS\s0 revision control system)
! 491: use \f(CWLOGNAME\fR to determine the real identity of the user, it may be desirable
! 492: to change this behavior. This can be done by negating the set_logname option.
1.1 millert 493: .PP
494: \fBIntegers\fR:
495: .Ip "passwd_tries" 12
1.4 millert 496: The number of tries a user gets to enter his/her password before
1.5 ! millert 497: \fBsudo\fR logs the failure and exits. The default is 3.
1.1 millert 498: .PP
499: \fBIntegers that can be used in a boolean context\fR:
500: .Ip "loglinelen" 12
1.4 millert 501: Number of characters per line for the file log. This value is used
502: to decide when to wrap lines for nicer log files. This has no
503: effect on the syslog log file, only the file log. The default is
504: 80 (use 0 or negate to disable word wrap).
1.1 millert 505: .Ip "timestamp_timeout" 12
1.4 millert 506: Number of minutes that can elapse before \fBsudo\fR will ask for a passwd
507: again. The default is 5, set this to 0 to always prompt for a password.
1.1 millert 508: .Ip "passwd_timeout" 12
1.5 ! millert 509: Number of minutes before the \fBsudo\fR password prompt times out.
1.4 millert 510: The default is 5, set this to 0 for no password timeout.
1.1 millert 511: .Ip "umask" 12
1.4 millert 512: Umask to use when running the root command. Set this to 0777 to
513: not override the user's umask. The default is 0022.
1.1 millert 514: .PP
515: \fBStrings\fR:
516: .Ip "mailsub" 12
1.4 millert 517: Subject of the mail sent to the \fImailto\fR user. The escape \f(CW%h\fR
518: will expand to the hostname of the machine.
519: Default is \*(L"*** \s-1SECURITY\s0 information for \f(CW%h\fR ***\*(R".
1.1 millert 520: .Ip "badpass_message" 12
1.4 millert 521: Message that is displayed if a user enters an incorrect password.
522: The default is \*(L"Sorry, try again.\*(R" unless insults are enabled.
1.1 millert 523: .Ip "timestampdir" 12
1.4 millert 524: The directory in which \fBsudo\fR stores its timestamp files.
1.5 ! millert 525: The default is \fI@\s-1TIMEDIR\s0@\fR.
1.1 millert 526: .Ip "passprompt" 12
1.4 millert 527: The default prompt to use when asking for a password; can be overridden
528: via the \f(CW-p\fR option or the \f(CWSUDO_PROMPT\fR environment variable. Supports
529: two escapes: \*(L"%u\*(R" expands to the user's login name and \*(L"%h\*(R" expands
530: to the local hostname. The default value is \*(L"Password:\*(R".
1.1 millert 531: .Ip "runas_default" 12
1.4 millert 532: The default user to run commands as if the \f(CW-u\fR flag is not specified
533: on the command line. This defaults to \*(L"root\*(R".
1.1 millert 534: .Ip "syslog_goodpri" 12
1.4 millert 535: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates successfully.
536: Defaults to \*(L"notice\*(R".
1.1 millert 537: .Ip "syslog_badpri" 12
1.4 millert 538: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates unsuccessfully.
539: Defaults to \*(L"alert\*(R".
1.5 ! millert 540: .Ip "editor" 12
! 541: Path to the editor to be used by \fBvisudo\fR. The default is the path
! 542: to vi on your system.
1.1 millert 543: .PP
544: \fBStrings that can be used in a boolean context\fR:
1.5 ! millert 545: .Ip "logfile" 12
! 546: Path to the \fBsudo\fR log file (not the syslog log file). Setting a path
! 547: turns on logging to a file, negating this option turns it off.
1.1 millert 548: .Ip "syslog" 12
1.4 millert 549: Syslog facility if syslog is being used for logging (negate to
550: disable syslog logging). Defaults to \*(L"local2\*(R".
1.1 millert 551: .Ip "mailerpath" 12
1.4 millert 552: Path to mail program used to send warning mail.
553: Defaults to the path to sendmail found at configure time.
1.1 millert 554: .Ip "mailerflags" 12
1.4 millert 555: Flags to use when invoking mailer. Defaults to \f(CW-t\fR.
1.1 millert 556: .Ip "mailto" 12
1.4 millert 557: Address to send warning and erorr mail to. Defaults to \*(L"root\*(R".
1.1 millert 558: .Ip "exempt_group" 12
1.4 millert 559: Users in this group are exempt from password and \s-1PATH\s0 requirements.
560: This is not set by default.
1.1 millert 561: .Ip "secure_path" 12
1.4 millert 562: Path used for every command run from \fBsudo\fR. If you don't trust the
1.5 ! millert 563: people running \fBsudo\fR to have a sane \f(CWPATH\fR environment variable you may
1.4 millert 564: want to use this. Another use is if you want to have the \*(L"root path\*(R"
565: be separate from the \*(L"user path.\*(R" This is not set by default.
1.3 millert 566: .Ip "verifypw" 12
567: This option controls when a password will be required when a
1.5 ! millert 568: user runs \fBsudo\fR with the \fB\-v\fR. It has the following possible values:
1.3 millert 569: .Sp
570: .Vb 3
1.4 millert 571: \& all All the user's I<sudoers> entries for the
1.3 millert 572: \& current host must have the C<NOPASSWD>
573: \& flag set to avoid entering a password.
574: .Ve
575: .Vb 4
1.4 millert 576: \& any At least one of the user's I<sudoers> entries
1.3 millert 577: \& for the current host must have the
578: \& C<NOPASSWD> flag set to avoid entering a
579: \& password.
580: .Ve
581: .Vb 2
582: \& never The user need never enter a password to use
583: \& the B<-v> flag.
584: .Ve
585: .Vb 2
586: \& always The user must always enter a password to use
587: \& the B<-v> flag.
588: .Ve
589: The default value is `all\*(R'.
590: .Ip "listpw" 12
591: This option controls when a password will be required when a
1.5 ! millert 592: user runs \fBsudo\fR with the \fB\-l\fR. It has the following possible values:
1.3 millert 593: .Sp
594: .Vb 3
1.4 millert 595: \& all All the user's I<sudoers> entries for the
1.3 millert 596: \& current host must have the C<NOPASSWD>
597: \& flag set to avoid entering a password.
598: .Ve
599: .Vb 4
1.4 millert 600: \& any At least one of the user's I<sudoers> entries
1.3 millert 601: \& for the current host must have the
602: \& C<NOPASSWD> flag set to avoid entering a
603: \& password.
604: .Ve
605: .Vb 2
606: \& never The user need never enter a password to use
607: \& the B<-l> flag.
608: .Ve
609: .Vb 2
610: \& always The user must always enter a password to use
611: \& the B<-l> flag.
612: .Ve
613: The default value is `any\*(R'.
1.1 millert 614: .PP
1.5 ! millert 615: When logging via \fIsyslog\fR\|(3), \fBsudo\fR accepts the following values for the syslog
1.1 millert 616: facility (the value of the \fBsyslog\fR Parameter): \fBauthpriv\fR (if your \s-1OS\s0
617: supports it), \fBauth\fR, \fBdaemon\fR, \fBuser\fR, \fBlocal0\fR, \fBlocal1\fR, \fBlocal2\fR,
618: \fBlocal3\fR, \fBlocal4\fR, \fBlocal5\fR, \fBlocal6\fR, and \fBlocal7\fR. The following
619: syslog priorities are supported: \fBalert\fR, \fBcrit\fR, \fBdebug\fR, \fBemerg\fR,
620: \fBerr\fR, \fBinfo\fR, \fBnotice\fR, and \fBwarning\fR.
621: .Sh "User Specification"
622: .PP
1.3 millert 623: .Vb 2
624: \& User_Spec ::= User_list Host_List '=' User_List Cmnd_Spec_List \e
625: \& (':' User_Spec)*
1.1 millert 626: .Ve
627: .Vb 2
628: \& Cmnd_Spec_List ::= Cmnd_Spec |
629: \& Cmnd_Spec ',' Cmnd_Spec_List
630: .Ve
631: .Vb 1
1.3 millert 632: \& Cmnd_Spec ::= Runas_Spec? ('NOPASSWD:' | 'PASSWD:')? Cmnd
633: .Ve
634: .Vb 1
635: \& Runas_Spec ::= '(' Runas_List ')'
1.1 millert 636: .Ve
637: A \fBuser specification\fR determines which commands a user may run
638: (and as what user) on specified hosts. By default, commands are
639: run as \fBroot\fR but this can be changed on a per-command basis.
640: .PP
641: Let's break that down into its constituent parts:
642: .Sh "Runas_Spec"
643: A \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR is simply a \f(CWRunas_List\fR (as defined above)
644: enclosed in a set of parentheses. If you do not specify a
645: \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR in the user specification, a default \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR
646: of \fBroot\fR will be used. A \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR sets the default for
647: commands that follow it. What this means is that for the entry:
648: .PP
649: .Vb 1
650: \& dgb boulder = (operator) /bin/ls, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/who
651: .Ve
652: The user \fBdgb\fR may run \fI/bin/ls\fR, \fI/bin/kill\fR, and
653: \fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR -- but only as \fBoperator\fR. Eg.
654: .PP
655: .Vb 1
656: \& sudo -u operator /bin/ls.
657: .Ve
658: It is also possible to override a \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR later on in an
659: entry. If we modify the entry like so:
660: .PP
661: .Vb 1
662: \& dgb boulder = (operator) /bin/ls, (root) /bin/kill, /usr/bin/lprm
663: .Ve
664: Then user \fBdgb\fR is now allowed to run \fI/bin/ls\fR as \fBoperator\fR,
665: but \fI/bin/kill\fR and \fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR as \fBroot\fR.
666: .Sh "\s-1NOPASSWD\s0 and \s-1PASSWD\s0"
667: By default, \fBsudo\fR requires that a user authenticate him or herself
668: before running a command. This behavior can be modified via the
669: \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag. Like a \f(CWRunas_Spec\fR, the \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag sets
670: a default for the commands that follow it in the \f(CWCmnd_Spec_List\fR.
671: Conversely, the \f(CWPASSWD\fR tag can be used to reverse things.
672: For example:
673: .PP
674: .Vb 1
675: \& ray rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm
676: .Ve
677: would allow the user \fBray\fR to run \fI/bin/kill\fR, \fI/bin/ls\fR, and
678: \fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR as root on the machine rushmore as \fBroot\fR without
679: authenticating himself. If we only want \fBray\fR to be able to
680: run \fI/bin/kill\fR without a password the entry would be:
681: .PP
682: .Vb 1
683: \& ray rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, PASSWD: /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm
684: .Ve
1.3 millert 685: Note however, that the \f(CWPASSWD\fR tag has no effect on users who are
686: in the group specified by the exempt_group option.
687: .PP
688: By default, if the \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag is applied to any of the entries
689: for a user on the current host, he or she will be able to run
690: \f(CWsudo -l\fR without a password. Additionally, a user may only run
691: \f(CWsudo -v\fR without a password if the \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag is present
692: for all a user's entries that pertain to the current host.
693: This behavior may be overridden via the verifypw and listpw options.
1.1 millert 694: .Sh "Wildcards (aka meta characters):"
695: \fBsudo\fR allows shell-style \fIwildcards\fR to be used in pathnames
696: as well as command line arguments in the \fIsudoers\fR file. Wildcard
697: matching is done via the \fB\s-1POSIX\s0\fR \f(CWfnmatch(3)\fR routine. Note that
698: these are \fInot\fR regular expressions.
699: .Ip "\f(CW*\fR" 8
700: Matches any set of zero or more characters.
701: .Ip "\f(CW?\fR" 8
702: Matches any single character.
703: .Ip "\f(CW[...]\fR" 8
704: Matches any character in the specified range.
705: .Ip "\f(CW[!...]\fR" 8
706: Matches any character \fBnot\fR in the specified range.
707: .Ip "\f(CW\ex\fR" 8
708: For any character \*(L"x\*(R", evaluates to \*(L"x\*(R". This is used to
709: escape special characters such as: \*(L"*\*(R", \*(L"?\*(R", \*(L"[\*(R", and \*(L"}\*(R".
710: .PP
711: Note that a forward slash ('/') will \fBnot\fR be matched by
712: wildcards used in the pathname. When matching the command
713: line arguments, however, as slash \fBdoes\fR get matched by
714: wildcards. This is to make a path like:
715: .PP
716: .Vb 1
717: \& /usr/bin/*
718: .Ve
719: match \f(CW/usr/bin/who\fR but not \f(CW/usr/bin/X11/xterm\fR.
720: .Sh "Exceptions to wildcard rules:"
721: The following exceptions apply to the above rules:
722: .Ip \f(CW""\fR 8
723: If the empty string \f(CW""\fR is the only command line argument in the
724: \fIsudoers\fR entry it means that command is not allowed to be run
725: with \fBany\fR arguments.
726: .Sh "Other special characters and reserved words:"
727: The pound sign ('#') is used to indicate a comment (unless it
728: occurs in the context of a user name and is followed by one or
729: more digits, in which case it is treated as a uid). Both the
730: comment character and any text after it, up to the end of the line,
731: are ignored.
732: .PP
1.2 aaron 733: The reserved word \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR is a built in \fIalias\fR that always causes
1.1 millert 734: a match to succeed. It can be used wherever one might otherwise
735: use a \f(CWCmnd_Alias\fR, \f(CWUser_Alias\fR, \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR, or \f(CWHost_Alias\fR.
736: You should not try to define your own \fIalias\fR called \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR as the
737: built in alias will be used in preference to your own. Please note
738: that using \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR can be dangerous since in a command context, it
739: allows the user to run \fBany\fR command on the system.
740: .PP
741: An exclamation point (\*(R'!') can be used as a logical \fInot\fR operator
742: both in an \fIalias\fR and in front of a \f(CWCmnd\fR. This allows one to
743: exclude certain values. Note, however, that using a \f(CW!\fR in
744: conjunction with the built in \f(CWALL\fR alias to allow a user to
745: run \*(L"all but a few\*(R" commands rarely works as intended (see \s-1SECURITY\s0
746: \s-1NOTES\s0 below).
747: .PP
748: Long lines can be continued with a backslash (\*(R'\e') as the last
749: character on the line.
750: .PP
751: Whitespace between elements in a list as well as specicial syntactic
752: characters in a \fIUser Specification\fR ('=\*(R', \*(L':\*(R', \*(L'(\*(R', \*(L')') is optional.
753: .PP
754: The following characters must be escaped with a backslash (\*(R'\e') when
755: used as part of a word (eg. a username or hostname):
756: \&'@\*(R', \*(L'!\*(R', \*(L'=\*(R', \*(L':\*(R', \*(L',\*(R', \*(L'(\*(R', \*(L')\*(R', \*(L'\e\*(R'.
757: .SH "EXAMPLES"
758: Below are example \fIsudoers\fR entries. Admittedly, some of
759: these are a bit contrived. First, we define our \fIaliases\fR:
760: .PP
761: .Vb 4
762: \& # User alias specification
763: \& User_Alias FULLTIMERS = millert, mikef, dowdy
764: \& User_Alias PARTTIMERS = bostley, jwfox, crawl
765: \& User_Alias WEBMASTERS = will, wendy, wim
766: .Ve
767: .Vb 3
768: \& # Runas alias specification
769: \& Runas_Alias OP = root, operator
770: \& Runas_Alias DB = oracle, sybase
771: .Ve
772: .Vb 9
773: \& # Host alias specification
774: \& Host_Alias SPARC = bigtime, eclipse, moet, anchor :\e
775: \& SGI = grolsch, dandelion, black :\e
776: \& ALPHA = widget, thalamus, foobar :\e
777: \& HPPA = boa, nag, python
778: \& Host_Alias CUNETS = 128.138.0.0/255.255.0.0
779: \& Host_Alias CSNETS = 128.138.243.0, 128.138.204.0/24, 128.138.242.0
780: \& Host_Alias SERVERS = master, mail, www, ns
781: \& Host_Alias CDROM = orion, perseus, hercules
782: .Ve
783: .Vb 12
784: \& # Cmnd alias specification
785: \& Cmnd_Alias DUMPS = /usr/bin/mt, /usr/sbin/dump, /usr/sbin/rdump,\e
786: \& /usr/sbin/restore, /usr/sbin/rrestore
787: \& Cmnd_Alias KILL = /usr/bin/kill
788: \& Cmnd_Alias PRINTING = /usr/sbin/lpc, /usr/bin/lprm
789: \& Cmnd_Alias SHUTDOWN = /usr/sbin/shutdown
790: \& Cmnd_Alias HALT = /usr/sbin/halt, /usr/sbin/fasthalt
791: \& Cmnd_Alias REBOOT = /usr/sbin/reboot, /usr/sbin/fastboot
792: \& Cmnd_Alias SHELLS = /usr/bin/sh, /usr/bin/csh, /usr/bin/ksh, \e
793: \& /usr/local/bin/tcsh, /usr/bin/rsh, \e
794: \& /usr/local/bin/zsh
795: \& Cmnd_Alias SU = /usr/bin/su
796: .Ve
797: Here we override some of the compiled in default values. We want
1.5 ! millert 798: \fBsudo\fR to log via \fIsyslog\fR\|(3) using the \fIauth\fR facility in all cases.
1.1 millert 799: We don't want to subject the full time staff to the \fBsudo\fR lecture,
800: and user \fBmillert\fR need not give a password. In addition, on the
801: machines in the \fISERVERS\fR \f(CWHost_Alias\fR, we keep an additional
802: local log file and make sure we log the year in each log line since
803: the log entries will be kept around for several years.
804: .PP
805: .Vb 5
806: \& # Override builtin defaults
807: \& Defaults syslog=auth
808: \& Defaults:FULLTIMERS !lecture
809: \& Defaults:millert !authenticate
810: \& Defaults@SERVERS log_year, logfile=/var/log/sudo.log
811: .Ve
812: The \fIUser specification\fR is the part that actually determines who may
813: run what.
814: .PP
815: .Vb 2
816: \& root ALL = (ALL) ALL
817: \& %wheel ALL = (ALL) ALL
818: .Ve
819: We let \fBroot\fR and any user in group \fBwheel\fR run any command on any
820: host as any user.
821: .PP
822: .Vb 1
823: \& FULLTIMERS ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL
824: .Ve
825: Full time sysadmins (\fBmillert\fR, \fBmikef\fR, and \fBdowdy\fR) may run any
826: command on any host without authenticating themselves.
827: .PP
828: .Vb 1
829: \& PARTTIMERS ALL = ALL
830: .Ve
831: Part time sysadmins (\fBbostley\fR, \fBjwfox\fR, and \fBcrawl\fR) may run any
832: command on any host but they must authenticate themselves first
833: (since the entry lacks the \f(CWNOPASSWD\fR tag).
834: .PP
835: .Vb 1
836: \& jack CSNETS = ALL
837: .Ve
838: The user \fBjack\fR may run any command on the machines in the \fICSNETS\fR alias
839: (the networks \f(CW128.138.243.0\fR, \f(CW128.138.204.0\fR, and \f(CW128.138.242.0\fR).
840: Of those networks, only <128.138.204.0> has an explicit netmask (in
841: CIDR notation) indicating it is a class C network. For the other
842: networks in \fICSNETS\fR, the local machine's netmask will be used
843: during matching.
844: .PP
845: .Vb 1
846: \& lisa CUNETS = ALL
847: .Ve
848: The user \fBlisa\fR may run any command on any host in the \fICUNETS\fR alias
849: (the class B network \f(CW128.138.0.0\fR).
850: .PP
851: .Vb 2
852: \& operator ALL = DUMPS, KILL, PRINTING, SHUTDOWN, HALT, REBOOT,\e
853: \& /usr/oper/bin/
854: .Ve
855: The \fBoperator\fR user may run commands limited to simple maintenance.
856: Here, those are commands related to backups, killing processes, the
857: printing system, shutting down the system, and any commands in the
858: directory \fI/usr/oper/bin/\fR.
859: .PP
860: .Vb 1
861: \& joe ALL = /usr/bin/su operator
862: .Ve
863: The user \fBjoe\fR may only \fIsu\fR\|(1) to operator.
864: .PP
865: .Vb 1
866: \& pete HPPA = /usr/bin/passwd [A-z]*, !/usr/bin/passwd root
867: .Ve
868: The user \fBpete\fR is allowed to change anyone's password except for
869: root on the \fIHPPA\fR machines. Note that this assumes \fIpasswd\fR\|(1)
870: does not take multiple usernames on the command line.
871: .PP
872: .Vb 1
873: \& bob SPARC = (OP) ALL : SGI = (OP) ALL
874: .Ve
875: The user \fBbob\fR may run anything on the \fISPARC\fR and \fISGI\fR machines
876: as any user listed in the \fIOP\fR \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR (\fBroot\fR and \fBoperator\fR).
877: .PP
878: .Vb 1
879: \& jim +biglab = ALL
880: .Ve
881: The user \fBjim\fR may run any command on machines in the \fIbiglab\fR netgroup.
882: \fBSudo\fR knows that \*(L"biglab\*(R" is a netgroup due to the \*(L'+\*(R' prefix.
883: .PP
884: .Vb 1
885: \& +secretaries ALL = PRINTING, /usr/bin/adduser, /usr/bin/rmuser
886: .Ve
887: Users in the \fBsecretaries\fR netgroup need to help manage the printers
888: as well as add and remove users, so they are allowed to run those
889: commands on all machines.
890: .PP
891: .Vb 1
892: \& fred ALL = (DB) NOPASSWD: ALL
893: .Ve
894: The user \fBfred\fR can run commands as any user in the \fIDB\fR \f(CWRunas_Alias\fR
895: (\fBoracle\fR or \fBsybase\fR) without giving a password.
896: .PP
897: .Vb 1
898: \& john ALPHA = /usr/bin/su [!-]*, !/usr/bin/su *root*
899: .Ve
900: On the \fIALPHA\fR machines, user \fBjohn\fR may su to anyone except root
901: but he is not allowed to give \fIsu\fR\|(1) any flags.
902: .PP
903: .Vb 1
904: \& jen ALL, !SERVERS = ALL
905: .Ve
906: The user \fBjen\fR may run any command on any machine except for those
907: in the \fISERVERS\fR \f(CWHost_Alias\fR (master, mail, www and ns).
908: .PP
909: .Vb 1
910: \& jill SERVERS = /usr/bin/, !SU, !SHELLS
911: .Ve
912: For any machine in the \fISERVERS\fR \f(CWHost_Alias\fR, \fBjill\fR may run
913: any commands in the directory /usr/bin/ except for those commands
914: belonging to the \fISU\fR and \fISHELLS\fR \f(CWCmnd_Aliases\fR.
915: .PP
916: .Vb 1
917: \& steve CSNETS = (operator) /usr/local/op_commands/
918: .Ve
919: The user \fBsteve\fR may run any command in the directory /usr/local/op_commands/
920: but only as user operator.
921: .PP
922: .Vb 1
923: \& matt valkyrie = KILL
924: .Ve
925: On his personal workstation, valkyrie, \fBmatt\fR needs to be able to
926: kill hung processes.
927: .PP
928: .Vb 1
929: \& WEBMASTERS www = (www) ALL, (root) /usr/bin/su www
930: .Ve
931: On the host www, any user in the \fIWEBMASTERS\fR \f(CWUser_Alias\fR (will,
932: wendy, and wim), may run any command as user www (which owns the
933: web pages) or simply \fIsu\fR\|(1) to www.
934: .PP
935: .Vb 2
936: \& ALL CDROM = NOPASSWD: /sbin/umount /CDROM,\e
937: \& /sbin/mount -o nosuid\e,nodev /dev/cd0a /CDROM
938: .Ve
939: Any user may mount or unmount a CD\-ROM on the machines in the CDROM
940: \f(CWHost_Alias\fR (orion, perseus, hercules) without entering a password.
941: This is a bit tedious for users to type, so it is a prime candiate
942: for encapsulating in a shell script.
943: .SH "SECURITY NOTES"
944: It is generally not effective to \*(L"subtract\*(R" commands from \f(CWALL\fR
945: using the \*(L'!\*(R' operator. A user can trivially circumvent this
946: by copying the desired command to a different name and then
947: executing that. For example:
948: .PP
949: .Vb 1
950: \& bill ALL = ALL, !SU, !SHELLS
951: .Ve
952: Doesn't really prevent \fBbill\fR from running the commands listed in
953: \fISU\fR or \fISHELLS\fR since he can simply copy those commands to a
954: different name, or use a shell escape from an editor or other
955: program. Therefore, these kind of restrictions should be considered
956: advisory at best (and reinforced by policy).
957: .SH "CAVEATS"
958: The \fIsudoers\fR file should \fBalways\fR be edited by the \fBvisudo\fR
959: command which locks the file and does grammatical checking. It is
960: imperative that \fIsudoers\fR be free of syntax errors since \fBsudo\fR
961: will not run with a syntactically incorrect \fIsudoers\fR file.
1.3 millert 962: .PP
963: When using netgroups of machines (as opposed to users), if you
1.5 ! millert 964: store fully qualified hostnames in the netgroup (as is usually the
! 965: case), you either need to have the machine's hostname be fully qualified
1.3 millert 966: as returned by the \f(CWhostname\fR command or use the \fIfqdn\fR option in
967: \fIsudoers\fR.
1.1 millert 968: .SH "FILES"
969: .PP
970: .Vb 3
971: \& /etc/sudoers List of who can run what
972: \& /etc/group Local groups file
973: \& /etc/netgroup List of network groups
974: .Ve
975: .SH "SEE ALSO"
976: \fIsudo\fR\|(8), \fIvisudo\fR\|(8), \fIsu\fR\|(1), \fIfnmatch\fR\|(3).
977:
978: .rn }` ''
979: .IX Title "sudoers 5"
980: .IX Name "sudoers - list of which users may execute what"
981:
982: .IX Header "NAME"
983:
984: .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
985:
986: .IX Subsection "Quick guide to \s-1EBNF\s0"
987:
988: .IX Item "\f(CW?\fR"
989:
990: .IX Item "\f(CW*\fR"
991:
992: .IX Item "\f(CW+\fR"
993:
994: .IX Subsection "Aliases"
995:
996: .IX Subsection "Defaults"
997:
998: .IX Item "long_otp_prompt"
999:
1000: .IX Item "ignore_dot"
1001:
1002: .IX Item "mail_always"
1003:
1004: .IX Item "mail_no_user"
1005:
1006: .IX Item "mail_no_host"
1007:
1008: .IX Item "mail_no_perms"
1009:
1010: .IX Item "tty_tickets"
1011:
1012: .IX Item "lecture"
1013:
1014: .IX Item "authenticate"
1015:
1016: .IX Item "root_sudo"
1017:
1018: .IX Item "log_host"
1019:
1020: .IX Item "log_year"
1021:
1022: .IX Item "shell_noargs"
1023:
1024: .IX Item "set_home"
1025:
1026: .IX Item "path_info"
1027:
1028: .IX Item "fqdn"
1029:
1030: .IX Item "insults"
1031:
1032: .IX Item "requiretty"
1033:
1.5 ! millert 1034: .IX Item "env_editor"
! 1035:
! 1036: .IX Item "rootpw"
! 1037:
! 1038: .IX Item "runaspw"
! 1039:
! 1040: .IX Item "targetpw"
! 1041:
! 1042: .IX Item "set_logname"
! 1043:
1.1 millert 1044: .IX Item "passwd_tries"
1045:
1046: .IX Item "loglinelen"
1047:
1048: .IX Item "timestamp_timeout"
1049:
1050: .IX Item "passwd_timeout"
1051:
1052: .IX Item "umask"
1053:
1054: .IX Item "mailsub"
1055:
1056: .IX Item "badpass_message"
1057:
1058: .IX Item "timestampdir"
1059:
1060: .IX Item "passprompt"
1061:
1062: .IX Item "runas_default"
1063:
1064: .IX Item "syslog_goodpri"
1065:
1066: .IX Item "syslog_badpri"
1.5 ! millert 1067:
! 1068: .IX Item "editor"
! 1069:
! 1070: .IX Item "logfile"
1.1 millert 1071:
1072: .IX Item "syslog"
1073:
1074: .IX Item "mailerpath"
1075:
1076: .IX Item "mailerflags"
1077:
1078: .IX Item "mailto"
1079:
1080: .IX Item "exempt_group"
1081:
1082: .IX Item "secure_path"
1083:
1.3 millert 1084: .IX Item "verifypw"
1085:
1086: .IX Item "listpw"
1087:
1.1 millert 1088: .IX Subsection "User Specification"
1089:
1090: .IX Subsection "Runas_Spec"
1091:
1092: .IX Subsection "\s-1NOPASSWD\s0 and \s-1PASSWD\s0"
1093:
1094: .IX Subsection "Wildcards (aka meta characters):"
1095:
1096: .IX Item "\f(CW*\fR"
1097:
1098: .IX Item "\f(CW?\fR"
1099:
1100: .IX Item "\f(CW[...]\fR"
1101:
1102: .IX Item "\f(CW[!...]\fR"
1103:
1104: .IX Item "\f(CW\ex\fR"
1105:
1106: .IX Subsection "Exceptions to wildcard rules:"
1107:
1.3 millert 1108: .IX Item \f(CW""\fR
1.1 millert 1109:
1110: .IX Subsection "Other special characters and reserved words:"
1111:
1112: .IX Header "EXAMPLES"
1113:
1114: .IX Header "SECURITY NOTES"
1115:
1116: .IX Header "CAVEATS"
1117:
1118: .IX Header "FILES"
1119:
1120: .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
1121:
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