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version 1.4, 2001/09/17 23:49:21 version 1.4.2.1, 2002/01/18 16:14:46
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 .rn '' }`  .\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.15
 ''' $RCSfile$$Revision$$Date$  .\" Wed Jan 16 16:36:10 2002
 '''  .\"
 ''' $Log$  .\" Standard preamble:
 ''' Revision 1.4  2001/09/17 23:49:21  pjanzen  .\" ======================================================================
 ''' Typo and grammar fixes, one from PR/2058 (Dennis Schwarz); ok millert@  .de Sh \" Subsection heading
 '''  
 ''' Revision 1.3  2000/03/27 03:44:39  millert  
 ''' sudo 1.6.3; see http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/current.html for a list  
 ''' of changes.  
 '''  
 ''' Revision 1.4  2000/03/27 03:26:24  millert  
 ''' Use 8 and 5 in the man page bodies as well.  
 '''  
 '''  
 .de Sh  
 .br  .br
 .if t .Sp  .if t .Sp
 .ne 5  .ne 5
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 \fB\\$1\fR  \fB\\$1\fR
 .PP  .PP
 ..  ..
 .de Sp  .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
 .if t .sp .5v  .if t .sp .5v
 .if n .sp  .if n .sp
 ..  ..
 .de Ip  .de Ip \" List item
 .br  .br
 .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3  .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3
 .el .ne 3  .el .ne 3
 .IP "\\$1" \\$2  .IP "\\$1" \\$2
 ..  ..
 .de Vb  .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
 .ft CW  .ft CW
 .nf  .nf
 .ne \\$1  .ne \\$1
 ..  ..
 .de Ve  .de Ve \" End verbatim text
 .ft R  .ft R
   
 .fi  .fi
 ..  ..
 '''  .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
 '''  .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
 '''     Set up \*(-- to give an unbreakable dash;  .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  | will give a
 '''     string Tr holds user defined translation string.  .\" real vertical bar.  \*(C+ will give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used
 '''     Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character.  .\" to do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and
 '''  .\" \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>
 .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr  .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
   .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
 .ie n \{\  .ie n \{\
 .ds -- \(*W-  .    ds -- \(*W-
 .ds PI pi  .    ds PI pi
 .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch  .    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
 .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch  .    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
 .ds L" ""  .    ds L" ""
 .ds R" ""  .    ds R" ""
 '''   \*(M", \*(S", \*(N" and \*(T" are the equivalent of  .    ds C`
 '''   \*(L" and \*(R", except that they are used on ".xx" lines,  .    ds C'
 '''   such as .IP and .SH, which do another additional levels of  
 '''   double-quote interpretation  
 .ds M" """  
 .ds S" """  
 .ds N" """""  
 .ds T" """""  
 .ds L' '  
 .ds R' '  
 .ds M' '  
 .ds S' '  
 .ds N' '  
 .ds T' '  
 'br\}  'br\}
 .el\{\  .el\{\
 .ds -- \(em\|  .    ds -- \|\(em\|
 .tr \*(Tr  .    ds PI \(*p
 .ds L" ``  .    ds L" ``
 .ds R" ''  .    ds R" ''
 .ds M" ``  
 .ds S" ''  
 .ds N" ``  
 .ds T" ''  
 .ds L' `  
 .ds R' '  
 .ds M' `  
 .ds S' '  
 .ds N' `  
 .ds T' '  
 .ds PI \(*p  
 'br\}  'br\}
 .\"     If the F register is turned on, we'll generate  .\"
 .\"     index entries out stderr for the following things:  .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr
 .\"             TH      Title  .\" for titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and
 .\"             SH      Header  .\" index entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process
 .\"             Sh      Subsection  .\" the output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
 .\"             Ip      Item  .if \nF \{\
 .\"             X<>     Xref  (embedded  .    de IX
 .\"     Of course, you have to process the output yourself  .    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
 .\"     in some meaningful fashion.  
 .if \nF \{  
 .de IX  
 .tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"  
 ..  ..
 .nr % 0  .    nr % 0
 .rr F  .    rr F
 .\}  .\}
 .TH visudo 8 "1.6.3" "26/Mar/2000" "MAINTENANCE COMMANDS"  .\"
 .UC  .\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it
 .if n .hy 0  .\" makes way too many mistakes in technical documents.
   .hy 0
 .if n .na  .if n .na
 .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'  .\"
 .de CQ          \" put $1 in typewriter font  .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
 .ft CW  .\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
 'if n "\c  
 'if t \\&\\$1\c  
 'if n \\&\\$1\c  
 'if n \&"  
 \\&\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7  
 '.ft R  
 ..  
 .\" @(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2  
 .       \" AM - accent mark definitions  
 .bd B 3  .bd B 3
 .       \" fudge factors for nroff and troff  .    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
 .if n \{\  .if n \{\
 .       ds #H 0  .    ds #H 0
 .       ds #V .8m  .    ds #V .8m
 .       ds #F .3m  .    ds #F .3m
 .       ds #[ \f1  .    ds #[ \f1
 .       ds #] \fP  .    ds #] \fP
 .\}  .\}
 .if t \{\  .if t \{\
 .       ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)  .    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
 .       ds #V .6m  .    ds #V .6m
 .       ds #F 0  .    ds #F 0
 .       ds #[ \&  .    ds #[ \&
 .       ds #] \&  .    ds #] \&
 .\}  .\}
 .       \" simple accents for nroff and troff  .    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
 .if n \{\  .if n \{\
 .       ds ' \&  .    ds ' \&
 .       ds ` \&  .    ds ` \&
 .       ds ^ \&  .    ds ^ \&
 .       ds , \&  .    ds , \&
 .       ds ~ ~  .    ds ~ ~
 .       ds ? ?  .    ds /
 .       ds ! !  
 .       ds /  
 .       ds q  
 .\}  .\}
 .if t \{\  .if t \{\
 .       ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"  .    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
 .       ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'  .    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
 .       ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'  .    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
 .       ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'  .    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
 .       ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'  .    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
 .       ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10'  .    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
 .       ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m'  
 .       ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'  
 .       ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10'  
 .\}  .\}
 .       \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents  .    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
 .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'  .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
 .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'  .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
 .ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]  
 .ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'  
 .ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u'  
 .ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#]  
 .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]  .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
 .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'  .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
 .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'  .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
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 .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]  .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
 .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e  .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
 .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E  .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
 .ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e  .    \" corrections for vroff
 .ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E  
 .       \" corrections for vroff  
 .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'  .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
 .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'  .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
 .       \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)  .    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
 .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \  .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
 \{\  \{\
 .       ds : e  .    ds : e
 .       ds 8 ss  .    ds 8 ss
 .       ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga'  .    ds o a
 .       ds _ \h'-1'^  .    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
 .       ds . \h'-1'.  .    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
 .       ds 3 3  .    ds th \o'bp'
 .       ds o a  .    ds Th \o'LP'
 .       ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga  .    ds ae ae
 .       ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy  .    ds Ae AE
 .       ds th \o'bp'  
 .       ds Th \o'LP'  
 .       ds ae ae  
 .       ds Ae AE  
 .       ds oe oe  
 .       ds Oe OE  
 .\}  .\}
 .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C  .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
   .\" ======================================================================
   .\"
   .IX Title "visudo 8"
   .TH visudo 8 "1.6.5" "January 16, 2002" "MAINTENANCE COMMANDS"
   .UC
 .SH "NAME"  .SH "NAME"
 visudo \- edit the sudoers file  visudo \- edit the sudoers file
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"  .SH "SYNOPSIS"
 \fBvisudo\fR [ \fB\-s\fR ] [ \fB\-V\fR ]  .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
   \&\fBvisudo\fR [ \fB\-c\fR ] [ \fB\-f\fR \fIsudoers\fR ] [ \fB\-q\fR ] [ \fB\-s\fR ] [ \fB\-V\fR ]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"  .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 \fBvisudo\fR edits the \fIsudoers\fR file in a safe fashion, analogous to  .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
 \fIvipw\fR\|(8).  \fBvisudo\fR locks the \fIsudoers\fR file against multiple  \&\fBvisudo\fR edits the \fIsudoers\fR file in a safe fashion, analogous to
   \&\fIvipw\fR\|(8).  \fBvisudo\fR locks the \fIsudoers\fR file against multiple
 simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, and checks  simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, and checks
 for parse errors.  If the \fIsudoers\fR file is currently being  for parse errors.  If the \fIsudoers\fR file is currently being
 edited you will receive a message to try again later.  In the  edited you will receive a message to try again later.
 default configuration, the \fIvi\fR\|(1) editor is used, but there is  
 a compile-time option to allow use of whatever editor the  
 environment variables \f(CWEDITOR\fR or \f(CWVISUAL\fR are set to.  
 .PP  .PP
 \fBvisudo\fR parses the \fIsudoers\fR file after the edit and will  There is a hard-coded list of editors that \fBvisudo\fR will use set
   at compile-time that may be overridden via the \fIeditor\fR \fIsudoers\fR
   \&\f(CW\*(C`Default\*(C'\fR variable.  This list defaults to the path to \fIvi\fR\|(1) on
   your system, as determined by the \fIconfigure\fR script.  Normally,
   \&\fBvisudo\fR does not honor the \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR environment
   variables unless they contain an editor in the aforementioned editors
   list.  However, if \fBvisudo\fR is configured with the \fI\*(--with-enveditor\fR
   flag or the \fIenveditor\fR \f(CW\*(C`Default\*(C'\fR variable is set in \fIsudoers\fR,
   \&\fBvisudo\fR will use any the editor defines by \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR.
   Note that this can be a security hole since it allows the user to
   execute any program they wish simply by setting \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR.
   .PP
   \&\fBvisudo\fR parses the \fIsudoers\fR file after the edit and will
 not save the changes if there is a syntax error.  Upon finding  not save the changes if there is a syntax error.  Upon finding
 an error, \fBvisudo\fR will print a message stating the line \fInumber\fR\|(s)  an error, \fBvisudo\fR will print a message stating the line \fInumber\fR\|(s)
 that the error occurred on and the user will receive the  where the error occurred and the user will receive the
 \*(L"What now?\*(R" prompt.  At this point the user may enter \*(L"e\*(R"  \&\*(L"What now?\*(R" prompt.  At this point the user may enter \*(L"e\*(R"
 to re-edit the \fIsudoers\fR file, \*(L"x\*(R" to exit without  to re-edit the \fIsudoers\fR file, \*(L"x\*(R" to exit without
 saving the changes, or \*(L"Q\*(R" to quit and save changes.  The  saving the changes, or \*(L"Q\*(R" to quit and save changes.  The
 \*(L"Q\*(R" option should be used with extreme care because if \fBvisudo\fR  \&\*(L"Q\*(R" option should be used with extreme care because if \fBvisudo\fR
 believes there to be a parse error, so will \fBsudo\fR and no one  believes there to be a parse error, so will \fBsudo\fR and no one
 will be able to use \fBsudo\fR again until the error is fixed.  will be able to \fBsudo\fR again until the error is fixed.
 Any other command at this prompt will print a short help message.  If \*(L"e\*(R" is typed to edit the  \fIsudoers\fR file after a parse error
 If \*(L"e\*(R" is typed to edit the \fIsudoers\fR file after a parse error  has been detected, the cursor will be placed on the line where the
 has been detected, the cursor will be placed on the line where the error  error occurred (if the editor supports this feature).
 occurred (if the editor supports this feature).  
 .SH "OPTIONS"  .SH "OPTIONS"
 \fBvisudo\fR accepts the following command line options:  .IX Header "OPTIONS"
 .Ip "-s" 4  \&\fBvisudo\fR accepts the following command line options:
   .Ip "\-c" 4
   .IX Item "-c"
   Enable \fBcheck-only\fR mode.  The existing \fIsudoers\fR file will be
   checked for syntax and a message will be printed to the
   standard output detailing the status of \fIsudoers\fR.
   If the syntax check completes successfully, \fBvisudo\fR will
   exit with a value of 0.  If a syntax error is encountered,
   \&\fBvisudo\fR will exit with a value of 1.
   .Ip "\-f" 4
   .IX Item "-f"
   Specify and alternate \fIsudoers\fR file location.  With this option
   \&\fBvisudo\fR will edit (or check) the \fIsudoers\fR file of your choice,
   instead of the default, \f(CW@sysconfdir\fR@/sudoers.  The lock file used
   is the specified \fIsudoers\fR file with \*(L".tmp\*(R" appended to it.
   .Ip "\-q" 4
   .IX Item "-q"
   Enable \fBquiet\fR mode.  In this mode details about syntax errors
   are not printed.  This option is only useful when combined with
   the \fB\-c\fR flag.
   .Ip "\-s" 4
   .IX Item "-s"
 Enable \fBstrict\fR checking of the \fIsudoers\fR file.  If an alias is  Enable \fBstrict\fR checking of the \fIsudoers\fR file.  If an alias is
 used before it is defined, \fBvisudo\fR will consider this a parse  used before it is defined, \fBvisudo\fR will consider this a parse
 error.  Note that it is not possible to differentiate between an  error.  Note that it is not possible to differentiate between an
 alias and a hostname or username that consists solely of upper case  alias and a hostname or username that consists solely of uppercase
 letters, digits, and the underscore ('_') character.  letters, digits, and the underscore ('_') character.
 .Ip "-V" 4  .Ip "\-V" 4
 The \f(CW-V\fR (version) option causes \fBvisudo\fR to print its version number  .IX Item "-V"
   The \fB\-V\fR (version) option causes \fBvisudo\fR to print its version number
 and exit.  and exit.
 .SH "ERRORS"  .SH "ERRORS"
   .IX Header "ERRORS"
 .Ip "sudoers file busy, try again later." 4  .Ip "sudoers file busy, try again later." 4
   .IX Item "sudoers file busy, try again later."
 Someone else is currently editing the \fIsudoers\fR file.  Someone else is currently editing the \fIsudoers\fR file.
 .Ip "/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" 4  .Ip "/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" 4
   .IX Item "/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied"
 You didn't run \fBvisudo\fR as root.  You didn't run \fBvisudo\fR as root.
 .Ip "Can't find you in the passwd database" 4  .Ip "Can't find you in the passwd database" 4
   .IX Item "Can't find you in the passwd database"
 Your userid does not appear in the system passwd file.  Your userid does not appear in the system passwd file.
 .Ip "Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ..." 4  .Ip "Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ..." 4
   .IX Item "Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ..."
 Either you are using a {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias before  Either you are using a {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias before
 defining it or you have a user or hostname listed that  defining it or you have a user or hostname listed that
 consists solely of upper case letters, digits, and the  consists solely of uppercase letters, digits, and the
 underscore ('_') character.  If the latter, you can ignore  underscore ('_') character.  If the latter, you can ignore
 the warnings (\fBsudo\fR will not complain).  In \fB\-s\fR (strict)  the warnings (\fBsudo\fR will not complain).  In \fB\-s\fR (strict)
 mode these are errors, not warnings.  mode these are errors, not warnings.
 .SH "ENVIRONMENT"  .SH "ENVIRONMENT"
   .IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
 The following environment variables are used only if \fBvisudo\fR  The following environment variables are used only if \fBvisudo\fR
 was configured with the \fI--with-env-editor\fR option:  was configured with the \fI\*(--with-env-editor\fR option:
 .PP  .PP
 .Vb 2  .Vb 2
 \& EDITOR                 Invoked by visudo as the editor  \& EDITOR                 Invoked by visudo as the editor to use
 \& VISUAL                 Invoked by visudo if EDITOR is not set  \& VISUAL                 Used Invoked visudo if EDITOR is not set
 .Ve  .Ve
 .SH "FILES"  .SH "FILES"
 .PP  .IX Header "FILES"
 .Vb 2  .Vb 2
 \& /etc/sudoers           List of who can run what  \& /etc/sudoers           List of who can run what
 \& /etc/sudoers.tmp       Lock file for visudo  \& /etc/sudoers.tmp       Lock file for visudo
 .Ve  .Ve
 .SH "AUTHOR"  .SH "AUTHOR"
 Many people have worked on \fIsudo\fR over the years.  This version of  .IX Header "AUTHOR"
 \fBvisudo\fR was written by:  Many people have worked on \fIsudo\fR over the years; this version of
   \&\fBvisudo\fR was written by:
 .PP  .PP
 .Vb 1  .Vb 1
 \& Todd Miller            <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>  \& Todd Miller            <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
 .Ve  .Ve
 See the HISTORY file in the sudo distribution for more details.  See the \s-1HISTORY\s0 file in the sudo distribution or visit
   http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/history.html for more details.
 .SH "BUGS"  .SH "BUGS"
   .IX Header "BUGS"
 If you feel you have found a bug in sudo, please submit a bug report  If you feel you have found a bug in sudo, please submit a bug report
 at http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/bugs/  at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/
 .SH "DISCLAIMER"  .SH "DISCLAIMER"
 \fBVisudo\fR is provided ``AS IS'\*(R' and any express or implied warranties,  .IX Header "DISCLAIMER"
   \&\fBVisudo\fR is provided ``\s-1AS\s0 \s-1IS\s0'' and any express or implied warranties,
 including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability  including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
 and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.  and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
 See the LICENSE file distributed with \fBsudo\fR for complete details.  See the \s-1LICENSE\s0 file distributed with \fBsudo\fR for complete details.
 .SH "CAVEATS"  .SH "CAVEATS"
   .IX Header "CAVEATS"
 There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if  There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if
 the editor used by \fBvisudo\fR allows shell escapes.  the editor used by \fBvisudo\fR allows shell escapes.
 .SH "SEE ALSO"  .SH "SEE ALSO"
 \fIsudo\fR\|(8), \fIvipw\fR\|(8).  
   
 .rn }` ''  
 .IX Title "visudo 8"  
 .IX Name "visudo - edit the sudoers file"  
   
 .IX Header "NAME"  
   
 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"  
   
 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"  
   
 .IX Header "OPTIONS"  
   
 .IX Item "-s"  
   
 .IX Item "-V"  
   
 .IX Header "ERRORS"  
   
 .IX Item "sudoers file busy, try again later."  
   
 .IX Item "/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied"  
   
 .IX Item "Can't find you in the passwd database"  
   
 .IX Item "Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ..."  
   
 .IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"  
   
 .IX Header "FILES"  
   
 .IX Header "AUTHOR"  
   
 .IX Header "BUGS"  
   
 .IX Header "DISCLAIMER"  
   
 .IX Header "CAVEATS"  
   
 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"  .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
   \&\fIvi\fR\|(1), \fIsudo\fR\|(8), \fIvipw\fR\|(8).
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  Added in v.1.4.2.1