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version 1.3.6.1, 2002/01/18 17:20:23 version 1.4, 2001/09/17 23:49:21
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 .\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.15  .rn '' }`
 .\" Wed Jan 16 16:36:10 2002  ''' $RCSfile$$Revision$$Date$
 .\"  '''
 .\" Standard preamble:  ''' $Log$
 .\" ======================================================================  ''' Revision 1.4  2001/09/17 23:49:21  pjanzen
 .de Sh \" Subsection heading  ''' Typo and grammar fixes, one from PR/2058 (Dennis Schwarz); ok millert@
   '''
   ''' Revision 1.3  2000/03/27 03:44:39  millert
   ''' sudo 1.6.3; see http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/current.html for a list
   ''' of changes.
   '''
   ''' Revision 1.4  2000/03/27 03:26:24  millert
   ''' Use 8 and 5 in the man page bodies as well.
   '''
   '''
   .de Sh
 .br  .br
 .if t .Sp  .if t .Sp
 .ne 5  .ne 5
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 \fB\\$1\fR  \fB\\$1\fR
 .PP  .PP
 ..  ..
 .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)  .de Sp
 .if t .sp .5v  .if t .sp .5v
 .if n .sp  .if n .sp
 ..  ..
 .de Ip \" List item  .de Ip
 .br  .br
 .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3  .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3
 .el .ne 3  .el .ne 3
 .IP "\\$1" \\$2  .IP "\\$1" \\$2
 ..  ..
 .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text  .de Vb
 .ft CW  .ft CW
 .nf  .nf
 .ne \\$1  .ne \\$1
 ..  ..
 .de Ve \" End verbatim text  .de Ve
 .ft R  .ft R
   
 .fi  .fi
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 .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will  '''
 .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left  '''
 .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  | will give a  '''     Set up \*(-- to give an unbreakable dash;
 .\" real vertical bar.  \*(C+ will give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used  '''     string Tr holds user defined translation string.
 .\" to do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and  '''     Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character.
 .\" \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>  '''
 .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr  .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
 .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'  
 .ie n \{\  .ie n \{\
 .    ds -- \(*W-  .ds -- \(*W-
 .    ds PI pi  .ds PI pi
 .    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch  .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
 .    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch  .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
 .    ds L" ""  .ds L" ""
 .    ds R" ""  .ds R" ""
 .    ds C`  '''   \*(M", \*(S", \*(N" and \*(T" are the equivalent of
 .    ds C'  '''   \*(L" and \*(R", except that they are used on ".xx" lines,
   '''   such as .IP and .SH, which do another additional levels of
   '''   double-quote interpretation
   .ds M" """
   .ds S" """
   .ds N" """""
   .ds T" """""
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   .ds M' '
   .ds S' '
   .ds N' '
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 .    ds PI \(*p  .tr \*(Tr
 .    ds L" ``  .ds L" ``
 .    ds R" ''  .ds R" ''
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   .ds S" ''
   .ds N" ``
   .ds T" ''
   .ds L' `
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 'br\}  'br\}
 .\"  .\"     If the F register is turned on, we'll generate
 .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr  .\"     index entries out stderr for the following things:
 .\" for titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and  .\"             TH      Title
 .\" index entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process  .\"             SH      Header
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   .de IX
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 .\"  .TH visudo 8 "1.6.3" "26/Mar/2000" "MAINTENANCE COMMANDS"
 .\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it  .UC
 .\" makes way too many mistakes in technical documents.  .if n .hy 0
 .hy 0  
 .if n .na  .if n .na
 .\"  .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
 .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).  .de CQ          \" put $1 in typewriter font
 .\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.  .ft CW
   'if n "\c
   'if t \\&\\$1\c
   'if n \\&\\$1\c
   'if n \&"
   \\&\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7
   '.ft R
   ..
   .\" @(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2
   .       \" AM - accent mark definitions
 .bd B 3  .bd B 3
 .    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff  .       \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
 .if n \{\  .if n \{\
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 .    ds #] \fP  .       ds #] \fP
 .\}  .\}
 .if t \{\  .if t \{\
 .    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)  .       ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
 .    ds #V .6m  .       ds #V .6m
 .    ds #F 0  .       ds #F 0
 .    ds #[ \&  .       ds #[ \&
 .    ds #] \&  .       ds #] \&
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 .    \" simple accents for nroff and troff  .       \" simple accents for nroff and troff
 .if n \{\  .if n \{\
 .    ds ' \&  .       ds ' \&
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 .    ds ~ ~  .       ds ~ ~
 .    ds /  .       ds ? ?
   .       ds ! !
   .       ds /
   .       ds q
 .\}  .\}
 .if t \{\  .if t \{\
 .    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"  .       ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
 .    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'  .       ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
 .    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'  .       ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
 .    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'  .       ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
 .    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'  .       ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
 .    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'  .       ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10'
   .       ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m'
   .       ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
   .       ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10'
 .\}  .\}
 .    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents  .       \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
 .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'  .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
 .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'  .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
   .ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
   .ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
   .ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u'
   .ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#]
 .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]  .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
 .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'  .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
 .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'  .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
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 .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]  .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
 .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e  .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
 .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E  .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
 .    \" corrections for vroff  .ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e
   .ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E
   .       \" corrections for vroff
 .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'  .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
 .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'  .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
 .    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)  .       \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
 .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \  .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
 \{\  \{\
 .    ds : e  .       ds : e
 .    ds 8 ss  .       ds 8 ss
 .    ds o a  .       ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga'
 .    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga  .       ds _ \h'-1'^
 .    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy  .       ds . \h'-1'.
 .    ds th \o'bp'  .       ds 3 3
 .    ds Th \o'LP'  .       ds o a
 .    ds ae ae  .       ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
 .    ds Ae AE  .       ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
   .       ds th \o'bp'
   .       ds Th \o'LP'
   .       ds ae ae
   .       ds Ae AE
   .       ds oe oe
   .       ds Oe OE
 .\}  .\}
 .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C  .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
 .\" ======================================================================  
 .\"  
 .IX Title "visudo 8"  
 .TH visudo 8 "1.6.5" "January 16, 2002" "MAINTENANCE COMMANDS"  
 .UC  
 .SH "NAME"  .SH "NAME"
 visudo \- edit the sudoers file  visudo \- edit the sudoers file
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"  .SH "SYNOPSIS"
 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"  \fBvisudo\fR [ \fB\-s\fR ] [ \fB\-V\fR ]
 \&\fBvisudo\fR [ \fB\-c\fR ] [ \fB\-f\fR \fIsudoers\fR ] [ \fB\-q\fR ] [ \fB\-s\fR ] [ \fB\-V\fR ]  
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"  .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"  \fBvisudo\fR edits the \fIsudoers\fR file in a safe fashion, analogous to
 \&\fBvisudo\fR edits the \fIsudoers\fR file in a safe fashion, analogous to  \fIvipw\fR\|(8).  \fBvisudo\fR locks the \fIsudoers\fR file against multiple
 \&\fIvipw\fR\|(8).  \fBvisudo\fR locks the \fIsudoers\fR file against multiple  
 simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, and checks  simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, and checks
 for parse errors.  If the \fIsudoers\fR file is currently being  for parse errors.  If the \fIsudoers\fR file is currently being
 edited you will receive a message to try again later.  edited you will receive a message to try again later.  In the
   default configuration, the \fIvi\fR\|(1) editor is used, but there is
   a compile-time option to allow use of whatever editor the
   environment variables \f(CWEDITOR\fR or \f(CWVISUAL\fR are set to.
 .PP  .PP
 There is a hard-coded list of editors that \fBvisudo\fR will use set  \fBvisudo\fR parses the \fIsudoers\fR file after the edit and will
 at compile-time that may be overridden via the \fIeditor\fR \fIsudoers\fR  
 \&\f(CW\*(C`Default\*(C'\fR variable.  This list defaults to the path to \fIvi\fR\|(1) on  
 your system, as determined by the \fIconfigure\fR script.  Normally,  
 \&\fBvisudo\fR does not honor the \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR environment  
 variables unless they contain an editor in the aforementioned editors  
 list.  However, if \fBvisudo\fR is configured with the \fI\*(--with-enveditor\fR  
 flag or the \fIenveditor\fR \f(CW\*(C`Default\*(C'\fR variable is set in \fIsudoers\fR,  
 \&\fBvisudo\fR will use any the editor defines by \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR.  
 Note that this can be a security hole since it allows the user to  
 execute any program they wish simply by setting \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR.  
 .PP  
 \&\fBvisudo\fR parses the \fIsudoers\fR file after the edit and will  
 not save the changes if there is a syntax error.  Upon finding  not save the changes if there is a syntax error.  Upon finding
 an error, \fBvisudo\fR will print a message stating the line \fInumber\fR\|(s)  an error, \fBvisudo\fR will print a message stating the line \fInumber\fR\|(s)
 where the error occurred and the user will receive the  that the error occurred on and the user will receive the
 \&\*(L"What now?\*(R" prompt.  At this point the user may enter \*(L"e\*(R"  \*(L"What now?\*(R" prompt.  At this point the user may enter \*(L"e\*(R"
 to re-edit the \fIsudoers\fR file, \*(L"x\*(R" to exit without  to re-edit the \fIsudoers\fR file, \*(L"x\*(R" to exit without
 saving the changes, or \*(L"Q\*(R" to quit and save changes.  The  saving the changes, or \*(L"Q\*(R" to quit and save changes.  The
 \&\*(L"Q\*(R" option should be used with extreme care because if \fBvisudo\fR  \*(L"Q\*(R" option should be used with extreme care because if \fBvisudo\fR
 believes there to be a parse error, so will \fBsudo\fR and no one  believes there to be a parse error, so will \fBsudo\fR and no one
 will be able to \fBsudo\fR again until the error is fixed.  will be able to use \fBsudo\fR again until the error is fixed.
 If \*(L"e\*(R" is typed to edit the  \fIsudoers\fR file after a parse error  Any other command at this prompt will print a short help message.
 has been detected, the cursor will be placed on the line where the  If \*(L"e\*(R" is typed to edit the \fIsudoers\fR file after a parse error
 error occurred (if the editor supports this feature).  has been detected, the cursor will be placed on the line where the error
   occurred (if the editor supports this feature).
 .SH "OPTIONS"  .SH "OPTIONS"
 .IX Header "OPTIONS"  \fBvisudo\fR accepts the following command line options:
 \&\fBvisudo\fR accepts the following command line options:  .Ip "-s" 4
 .Ip "\-c" 4  
 .IX Item "-c"  
 Enable \fBcheck-only\fR mode.  The existing \fIsudoers\fR file will be  
 checked for syntax and a message will be printed to the  
 standard output detailing the status of \fIsudoers\fR.  
 If the syntax check completes successfully, \fBvisudo\fR will  
 exit with a value of 0.  If a syntax error is encountered,  
 \&\fBvisudo\fR will exit with a value of 1.  
 .Ip "\-f" 4  
 .IX Item "-f"  
 Specify and alternate \fIsudoers\fR file location.  With this option  
 \&\fBvisudo\fR will edit (or check) the \fIsudoers\fR file of your choice,  
 instead of the default, \f(CW@sysconfdir\fR@/sudoers.  The lock file used  
 is the specified \fIsudoers\fR file with \*(L".tmp\*(R" appended to it.  
 .Ip "\-q" 4  
 .IX Item "-q"  
 Enable \fBquiet\fR mode.  In this mode details about syntax errors  
 are not printed.  This option is only useful when combined with  
 the \fB\-c\fR flag.  
 .Ip "\-s" 4  
 .IX Item "-s"  
 Enable \fBstrict\fR checking of the \fIsudoers\fR file.  If an alias is  Enable \fBstrict\fR checking of the \fIsudoers\fR file.  If an alias is
 used before it is defined, \fBvisudo\fR will consider this a parse  used before it is defined, \fBvisudo\fR will consider this a parse
 error.  Note that it is not possible to differentiate between an  error.  Note that it is not possible to differentiate between an
 alias and a hostname or username that consists solely of uppercase  alias and a hostname or username that consists solely of upper case
 letters, digits, and the underscore ('_') character.  letters, digits, and the underscore ('_') character.
 .Ip "\-V" 4  .Ip "-V" 4
 .IX Item "-V"  The \f(CW-V\fR (version) option causes \fBvisudo\fR to print its version number
 The \fB\-V\fR (version) option causes \fBvisudo\fR to print its version number  
 and exit.  and exit.
 .SH "ERRORS"  .SH "ERRORS"
 .IX Header "ERRORS"  
 .Ip "sudoers file busy, try again later." 4  .Ip "sudoers file busy, try again later." 4
 .IX Item "sudoers file busy, try again later."  
 Someone else is currently editing the \fIsudoers\fR file.  Someone else is currently editing the \fIsudoers\fR file.
 .Ip "/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" 4  .Ip "/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" 4
 .IX Item "/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied"  
 You didn't run \fBvisudo\fR as root.  You didn't run \fBvisudo\fR as root.
 .Ip "Can't find you in the passwd database" 4  .Ip "Can't find you in the passwd database" 4
 .IX Item "Can't find you in the passwd database"  
 Your userid does not appear in the system passwd file.  Your userid does not appear in the system passwd file.
 .Ip "Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ..." 4  .Ip "Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ..." 4
 .IX Item "Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ..."  
 Either you are using a {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias before  Either you are using a {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias before
 defining it or you have a user or hostname listed that  defining it or you have a user or hostname listed that
 consists solely of uppercase letters, digits, and the  consists solely of upper case letters, digits, and the
 underscore ('_') character.  If the latter, you can ignore  underscore ('_') character.  If the latter, you can ignore
 the warnings (\fBsudo\fR will not complain).  In \fB\-s\fR (strict)  the warnings (\fBsudo\fR will not complain).  In \fB\-s\fR (strict)
 mode these are errors, not warnings.  mode these are errors, not warnings.
 .SH "ENVIRONMENT"  .SH "ENVIRONMENT"
 .IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"  
 The following environment variables are used only if \fBvisudo\fR  The following environment variables are used only if \fBvisudo\fR
 was configured with the \fI\*(--with-env-editor\fR option:  was configured with the \fI--with-env-editor\fR option:
 .PP  .PP
 .Vb 2  .Vb 2
 \& EDITOR                 Invoked by visudo as the editor to use  \& EDITOR                 Invoked by visudo as the editor
 \& VISUAL                 Used Invoked visudo if EDITOR is not set  \& VISUAL                 Invoked by visudo if EDITOR is not set
 .Ve  .Ve
 .SH "FILES"  .SH "FILES"
 .IX Header "FILES"  .PP
 .Vb 2  .Vb 2
 \& /etc/sudoers           List of who can run what  \& /etc/sudoers           List of who can run what
 \& /etc/sudoers.tmp       Lock file for visudo  \& /etc/sudoers.tmp       Lock file for visudo
 .Ve  .Ve
 .SH "AUTHOR"  .SH "AUTHOR"
 .IX Header "AUTHOR"  Many people have worked on \fIsudo\fR over the years.  This version of
 Many people have worked on \fIsudo\fR over the years; this version of  \fBvisudo\fR was written by:
 \&\fBvisudo\fR was written by:  
 .PP  .PP
 .Vb 1  .Vb 1
 \& Todd Miller            <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>  \& Todd Miller            <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
 .Ve  .Ve
 See the \s-1HISTORY\s0 file in the sudo distribution or visit  See the HISTORY file in the sudo distribution for more details.
 http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/history.html for more details.  
 .SH "BUGS"  .SH "BUGS"
 .IX Header "BUGS"  
 If you feel you have found a bug in sudo, please submit a bug report  If you feel you have found a bug in sudo, please submit a bug report
 at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/  at http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/bugs/
 .SH "DISCLAIMER"  .SH "DISCLAIMER"
 .IX Header "DISCLAIMER"  \fBVisudo\fR is provided ``AS IS'\*(R' and any express or implied warranties,
 \&\fBVisudo\fR is provided ``\s-1AS\s0 \s-1IS\s0'' and any express or implied warranties,  
 including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability  including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
 and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.  and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
 See the \s-1LICENSE\s0 file distributed with \fBsudo\fR for complete details.  See the LICENSE file distributed with \fBsudo\fR for complete details.
 .SH "CAVEATS"  .SH "CAVEATS"
 .IX Header "CAVEATS"  
 There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if  There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if
 the editor used by \fBvisudo\fR allows shell escapes.  the editor used by \fBvisudo\fR allows shell escapes.
 .SH "SEE ALSO"  .SH "SEE ALSO"
   \fIsudo\fR\|(8), \fIvipw\fR\|(8).
   
   .rn }` ''
   .IX Title "visudo 8"
   .IX Name "visudo - edit the sudoers file"
   
   .IX Header "NAME"
   
   .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
   
   .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
   
   .IX Header "OPTIONS"
   
   .IX Item "-s"
   
   .IX Item "-V"
   
   .IX Header "ERRORS"
   
   .IX Item "sudoers file busy, try again later."
   
   .IX Item "/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied"
   
   .IX Item "Can't find you in the passwd database"
   
   .IX Item "Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ..."
   
   .IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
   
   .IX Header "FILES"
   
   .IX Header "AUTHOR"
   
   .IX Header "BUGS"
   
   .IX Header "DISCLAIMER"
   
   .IX Header "CAVEATS"
   
 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"  .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
 \&\fIvi\fR\|(1), \fIsudo\fR\|(8), \fIvipw\fR\|(8).  
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  Added in v.1.4