version 1.9, 2000/03/11 21:40:04 |
version 1.10, 2000/10/07 14:32:15 |
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.Oo |
.Oo |
.Fl b Ar number | |
.Fl b Ar number | |
.Fl c Ar number | |
.Fl c Ar number | |
.Fl n Ar number |
.Fl n Ar number | |
|
.Fl Ns Ar number |
.Oc |
.Oc |
.Op Ar file ... |
.Op Ar file ... |
.Sh DESCRIPTION |
.Sh DESCRIPTION |
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.Ar file |
.Ar file |
or, by default, its standard input, to the standard output. |
or, by default, its standard input, to the standard output. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The display begins at a byte, line or 512-byte block location in the |
The display begins at a byte, line, or 512-byte block location in the |
input. |
input. |
Numbers having a leading plus |
Numbers having a leading plus |
.Pq Ql + |
.Pq Ql + |
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The location is |
The location is |
.Ar number |
.Ar number |
bytes. |
bytes. |
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.It Xo Fl n Ar number No |\ |
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.Fl Ns Ar number |
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.Xc |
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The location is |
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.Ar number |
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lines. |
.It Fl f |
.It Fl f |
The |
Do not stop when end-of-file is reached, but rather to wait for additional |
.Fl f |
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option causes |
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.Nm |
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to not stop when end-of-file is reached, but rather to wait for additional |
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data to be appended to the input. |
data to be appended to the input. |
If the file is replaced (i.e., the inode number changes), |
If the file is replaced (i.e., the inode number changes), |
.Nm |
.Nm |
will reopen the file and continue. |
will reopen the file and continue. |
If the file is truncated, |
If the file is truncated, |
.Nm |
.Nm |
will reset its position back to the beginning. |
will reset its position to the beginning. |
This makes |
This makes |
.Nm |
.Nm |
more useful for watching log files that may get rotated. |
more useful for watching log files that may get rotated. |
The |
The |
.Fl f |
.Fl f |
option is ignored if the standard input is a pipe, but not if it is a FIFO. |
option is ignored if the standard input is a pipe, but not if it is a FIFO. |
.It Fl n Ar number |
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The location is |
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.Ar number |
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lines. |
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.It Fl r |
.It Fl r |
The |
The |
.Fl r |
.Fl r |
option causes the input to be displayed in reverse order, by line. |
option causes the input to be displayed in reverse order, by line. |
Additionally, this option changes the meaning of the |
Additionally, this option changes the meaning of the |
.Fl b , |
.Fl b , |
.Fl c |
.Fl c , |
and |
and |
.Fl n |
.Fl n |
options. |
options. |
When the |
When the |
.Fl r |
.Fl r |
option is specified, these options specify the number of bytes, lines |
option is specified, these options specify the number of bytes, lines |
or 512-byte blocks to display, instead of the bytes, lines or blocks |
or 512-byte blocks to display, instead of the bytes, lines, or blocks |
from the beginning or end of the input from which to begin the display. |
from the beginning or end of the input from which to begin the display. |
The default for the |
The default for the |
.Fl r |
.Fl r |
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The |
The |
.Nm |
.Nm |
utility exits 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred. |
utility exits 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred. |
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.Sh EXAMPLES |
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To display the last 500 lines of the file |
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.Ar foo : |
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.Pp |
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.Dl $ tail -500 foo |
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.Pp |
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Keep |
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.Pa /var/log/messages |
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open, displaying to the standard output anything appended to the file: |
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.Pp |
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.Dl $ tail -f /var/log/messages |
.Sh SEE ALSO |
.Sh SEE ALSO |
.Xr cat 1 , |
.Xr cat 1 , |
.Xr head 1 , |
.Xr head 1 , |