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Long overdue change to the way we store cells in the grid: now, instead
of storing a full grid_cell with UTF-8 data and everything, store a new
type grid_cell_entry. This can either be the cell itself (for ASCII
cells), or an offset into an extended array (per line) for UTF-8
data.

This avoid a large (8 byte) overhead on non-UTF-8 cells (by far the
majority for most users) without the complexity of the shadow array we
had before. Grid memory without any UTF-8 is about half.

The disadvantage that cells can no longer be modified in place and need
to be copied out of the grid and back but it turned out to be lot less
complicated than I expected.

/* $OpenBSD: format.c,v 1.95 2015/11/13 08:09:28 nicm Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2011 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
 * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "tmux.h"

/*
 * Build a list of key-value pairs and use them to expand #{key} entries in a
 * string.
 */

struct format_entry;
typedef void (*format_cb)(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);

void	 format_job_callback(struct job *);
char	*format_job_get(struct format_tree *, const char *);
void	 format_job_timer(int, short, void *);

void	 format_cb_host(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);
void	 format_cb_host_short(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);
void	 format_cb_pid(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);
void	 format_cb_session_alerts(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);
void	 format_cb_window_layout(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);
void	 format_cb_start_command(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);
void	 format_cb_current_command(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);
void	 format_cb_history_bytes(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);
void	 format_cb_pane_tabs(struct format_tree *, struct format_entry *);

char	*format_find(struct format_tree *, const char *, int);
void	 format_add_cb(struct format_tree *, const char *, format_cb);
void	 format_add_tv(struct format_tree *, const char *, struct timeval *);
int	 format_replace(struct format_tree *, const char *, size_t, char **,
	     size_t *, size_t *);
char	*format_time_string(time_t);

void	 format_defaults_pane_tabs(struct format_tree *, struct window_pane *);
void	 format_defaults_session(struct format_tree *, struct session *);
void	 format_defaults_client(struct format_tree *, struct client *);
void	 format_defaults_winlink(struct format_tree *, struct session *,
	     struct winlink *);

/* Entry in format job tree. */
struct format_job {
	const char		*cmd;

	time_t			 last;
	char			*out;

	struct job		*job;
	int			 status;

	RB_ENTRY(format_job)	 entry;
};

/* Format job tree. */
struct event format_job_event;
int	format_job_cmp(struct format_job *, struct format_job *);
RB_HEAD(format_job_tree, format_job) format_jobs = RB_INITIALIZER();
RB_PROTOTYPE(format_job_tree, format_job, entry, format_job_cmp);
RB_GENERATE(format_job_tree, format_job, entry, format_job_cmp);

/* Format job tree comparison function. */
int
format_job_cmp(struct format_job *fj1, struct format_job *fj2)
{
	return (strcmp(fj1->cmd, fj2->cmd));
}

/* Format modifiers. */
#define FORMAT_TIMESTRING 0x1
#define FORMAT_BASENAME 0x2
#define FORMAT_DIRNAME 0x4

/* Entry in format tree. */
struct format_entry {
	char			*key;
	char			*value;
	time_t			 t;
	format_cb		 cb;
	RB_ENTRY(format_entry)	 entry;
};

/* Format entry tree. */
struct format_tree {
	struct window		*w;
	struct session		*s;
	struct window_pane	*wp;

	int			 flags;

	RB_HEAD(format_entry_tree, format_entry) tree;
};
int	format_entry_cmp(struct format_entry *, struct format_entry *);
RB_PROTOTYPE(format_entry_tree, format_entry, entry, format_entry_cmp);
RB_GENERATE(format_entry_tree, format_entry, entry, format_entry_cmp);

/* Format entry tree comparison function. */
int
format_entry_cmp(struct format_entry *fe1, struct format_entry *fe2)
{
	return (strcmp(fe1->key, fe2->key));
}

/* Single-character uppercase aliases. */
const char *format_upper[] = {
	NULL,		/* A */
	NULL,		/* B */
	NULL,		/* C */
	"pane_id",	/* D */
	NULL,		/* E */
	"window_flags",	/* F */
	NULL,		/* G */
	"host",		/* H */
	"window_index",	/* I */
	NULL,		/* J */
	NULL,		/* K */
	NULL,		/* L */
	NULL,		/* M */
	NULL,		/* N */
	NULL,		/* O */
	"pane_index",	/* P */
	NULL,		/* Q */
	NULL,		/* R */
	"session_name",	/* S */
	"pane_title",	/* T */
	NULL,		/* U */
	NULL,		/* V */
	"window_name",	/* W */
	NULL,		/* X */
	NULL,		/* Y */
	NULL 		/* Z */
};

/* Single-character lowercase aliases. */
const char *format_lower[] = {
	NULL,		/* a */
	NULL,		/* b */
	NULL,		/* c */
	NULL,		/* d */
	NULL,		/* e */
	NULL,		/* f */
	NULL,		/* g */
	"host_short",	/* h */
	NULL,		/* i */
	NULL,		/* j */
	NULL,		/* k */
	NULL,		/* l */
	NULL,		/* m */
	NULL,		/* n */
	NULL,		/* o */
	NULL,		/* p */
	NULL,		/* q */
	NULL,		/* r */
	NULL,		/* s */
	NULL,		/* t */
	NULL,		/* u */
	NULL,		/* v */
	NULL,		/* w */
	NULL,		/* x */
	NULL,		/* y */
	NULL		/* z */
};

/* Format job callback. */
void
format_job_callback(struct job *job)
{
	struct format_job	*fj = job->data;
	char			*line, *buf;
	size_t			 len;
	struct client		*c;

	fj->job = NULL;
	free(fj->out);

	buf = NULL;
	if ((line = evbuffer_readline(job->event->input)) == NULL) {
		len = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(job->event->input);
		buf = xmalloc(len + 1);
		if (len != 0)
			memcpy(buf, EVBUFFER_DATA(job->event->input), len);
		buf[len] = '\0';
	} else
		buf = line;
	fj->out = buf;

	if (fj->status) {
		TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry)
		    server_status_client(c);
		fj->status = 0;
	}

	log_debug("%s: %s: %s", __func__, fj->cmd, fj->out);
}

/* Find a job. */
char *
format_job_get(struct format_tree *ft, const char *cmd)
{
	struct format_job	fj0, *fj;
	time_t			t;

	fj0.cmd = cmd;
	if ((fj = RB_FIND(format_job_tree, &format_jobs, &fj0)) == NULL) {
		fj = xcalloc(1, sizeof *fj);
		fj->cmd = xstrdup(cmd);

		xasprintf(&fj->out, "<'%s' not ready>", fj->cmd);

		RB_INSERT(format_job_tree, &format_jobs, fj);
	}

	t = time(NULL);
	if (fj->job == NULL && ((ft->flags & FORMAT_FORCE) || fj->last != t)) {
		fj->job = job_run(fj->cmd, NULL, NULL, format_job_callback,
		    NULL, fj);
		if (fj->job == NULL) {
			free(fj->out);
			xasprintf(&fj->out, "<'%s' didn't start>", fj->cmd);
		}
		fj->last = t;
	}

	if (ft->flags & FORMAT_STATUS)
		fj->status = 1;

	return (format_expand(ft, fj->out));
}

/* Remove old jobs. */
void
format_job_timer(unused int fd, unused short events, unused void *arg)
{
	struct format_job	*fj, *fj1;
	time_t			 now;
	struct timeval		 tv = { .tv_sec = 60 };

	now = time(NULL);
	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(fj, format_job_tree, &format_jobs, fj1) {
		if (fj->last > now || now - fj->last < 3600)
			continue;
		RB_REMOVE(format_job_tree, &format_jobs, fj);

		log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, fj->cmd);

		if (fj->job != NULL)
			job_free(fj->job);

		free((void *)fj->cmd);
		free(fj->out);

		free(fj);
	}

	evtimer_del(&format_job_event);
	evtimer_add(&format_job_event, &tv);
}

/* Callback for host. */
void
format_cb_host(unused struct format_tree *ft, struct format_entry *fe)
{
	char host[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];

	if (gethostname(host, sizeof host) != 0)
		fe->value = xstrdup("");
	else
		fe->value = xstrdup(host);
}

/* Callback for host_short. */
void
format_cb_host_short(unused struct format_tree *ft, struct format_entry *fe)
{
	char host[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1], *cp;

	if (gethostname(host, sizeof host) != 0)
		fe->value = xstrdup("");
	else {
		if ((cp = strchr(host, '.')) != NULL)
			*cp = '\0';
		fe->value = xstrdup(host);
	}
}

/* Callback for pid. */
void
format_cb_pid(unused struct format_tree *ft, struct format_entry *fe)
{
	xasprintf(&fe->value, "%ld", (long)getpid());
}

/* Callback for session_alerts. */
void
format_cb_session_alerts(struct format_tree *ft, struct format_entry *fe)
{
	struct session	*s = ft->s;
	struct winlink	*wl;
	char		 alerts[256], tmp[16];

	if (s == NULL)
		return;

	*alerts = '\0';
	RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
		if ((wl->flags & WINLINK_ALERTFLAGS) == 0)
			continue;
		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%u", wl->idx);

		if (*alerts != '\0')
			strlcat(alerts, ",", sizeof alerts);
		strlcat(alerts, tmp, sizeof alerts);
		if (wl->flags & WINLINK_ACTIVITY)
			strlcat(alerts, "#", sizeof alerts);
		if (wl->flags & WINLINK_BELL)
			strlcat(alerts, "!", sizeof alerts);
		if (wl->flags & WINLINK_SILENCE)
			strlcat(alerts, "~", sizeof alerts);
	}
	fe->value = xstrdup(alerts);
}

/* Callback for window_layout. */
void
format_cb_window_layout(struct format_tree *ft, struct format_entry *fe)
{
	struct window	*w = ft->w;

	if (w == NULL)
		return;

	if (w->saved_layout_root != NULL)
		fe->value = layout_dump(w->saved_layout_root);
	else
		fe->value = layout_dump(w->layout_root);
}

/* Callback for pane_start_command. */
void
format_cb_start_command(struct format_tree *ft, struct format_entry *fe)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return;

	fe->value = cmd_stringify_argv(wp->argc, wp->argv);
}

/* Callback for pane_current_command. */
void
format_cb_current_command(struct format_tree *ft, struct format_entry *fe)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	char			*cmd;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return;

	cmd = get_proc_name(wp->fd, wp->tty);
	if (cmd == NULL || *cmd == '\0') {
		free(cmd);
		cmd = cmd_stringify_argv(wp->argc, wp->argv);
		if (cmd == NULL || *cmd == '\0') {
			free(cmd);
			cmd = xstrdup(wp->shell);
		}
	}
	fe->value = parse_window_name(cmd);
	free(cmd);
}

/* Callback for history_bytes. */
void
format_cb_history_bytes(struct format_tree *ft, struct format_entry *fe)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct grid		*gd;
	struct grid_line	*gl;
	unsigned long long	 size;
	u_int			 i;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return;
	gd = wp->base.grid;

	size = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < gd->hsize; i++) {
		gl = &gd->linedata[i];
		size += gl->cellsize * sizeof *gl->celldata;
		size += gl->extdsize * sizeof *gl->extddata;
	}
	size += gd->hsize * sizeof *gd->linedata;

	xasprintf(&fe->value, "%llu", size);
}

/* Callback for pane_tabs. */
void
format_cb_pane_tabs(struct format_tree *ft, struct format_entry *fe)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct evbuffer		*buffer;
	u_int			 i;
	int			 size;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return;

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	for (i = 0; i < wp->base.grid->sx; i++) {
		if (!bit_test(wp->base.tabs, i))
			continue;

		if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer) > 0)
			evbuffer_add(buffer, ",", 1);
		evbuffer_add_printf(buffer, "%u", i);
	}
	size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer);
	xasprintf(&fe->value, "%.*s", size, EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer));
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
}

/* Create a new tree. */
struct format_tree *
format_create(void)
{
	return (format_create_flags(0));
}

/* Create a new tree for the status line. */
struct format_tree *
format_create_flags(int flags)
{
	struct format_tree	*ft;

	if (!event_initialized(&format_job_event)) {
		evtimer_set(&format_job_event, format_job_timer, NULL);
		format_job_timer(-1, 0, NULL);
	}

	ft = xcalloc(1, sizeof *ft);
	RB_INIT(&ft->tree);
	ft->flags = flags;

	format_add_cb(ft, "host", format_cb_host);
	format_add_cb(ft, "host_short", format_cb_host_short);
	format_add_cb(ft, "pid", format_cb_pid);

	return (ft);
}

/* Free a tree. */
void
format_free(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe, *fe1;

	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(fe, format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe1) {
		RB_REMOVE(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe);
		free(fe->value);
		free(fe->key);
		free(fe);
	}

	free(ft);
}

/* Add a key-value pair. */
void
format_add(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe;
	struct format_entry	*fe_now;
	va_list			 ap;

	fe = xmalloc(sizeof *fe);
	fe->key = xstrdup(key);

	fe_now = RB_INSERT(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe);
	if (fe_now != NULL) {
		free(fe->key);
		free(fe);
		free(fe_now->value);
		fe = fe_now;
	}

	fe->cb = NULL;
	fe->t = 0;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	xvasprintf(&fe->value, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
}

/* Add a key and time. */
void
format_add_tv(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, struct timeval *tv)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe;
	struct format_entry	*fe_now;

	fe = xmalloc(sizeof *fe);
	fe->key = xstrdup(key);

	fe_now = RB_INSERT(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe);
	if (fe_now != NULL) {
		free(fe->key);
		free(fe);
		free(fe_now->value);
		fe = fe_now;
	}

	fe->cb = NULL;
	fe->t = tv->tv_sec;

	fe->value = NULL;
}

/* Add a key and function. */
void
format_add_cb(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, format_cb cb)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe;
	struct format_entry	*fe_now;

	fe = xmalloc(sizeof *fe);
	fe->key = xstrdup(key);

	fe_now = RB_INSERT(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe);
	if (fe_now != NULL) {
		free(fe->key);
		free(fe);
		free(fe_now->value);
		fe = fe_now;
	}

	fe->cb = cb;
	fe->t = 0;

	fe->value = NULL;
}

/* Find a format entry. */
char *
format_find(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, int modifiers)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe, fe_find;
	struct options_entry	*o;
	struct environ_entry	*envent;
	static char		 s[64];
	const char		*found;
	char			*copy, *saved;

	found = NULL;

	if (~modifiers & FORMAT_TIMESTRING) {
		o = options_find(global_options, key);
		if (o == NULL && ft->w != NULL)
			o = options_find(ft->w->options, key);
		if (o == NULL)
			o = options_find(global_w_options, key);
		if (o == NULL && ft->s != NULL)
			o = options_find(ft->s->options, key);
		if (o == NULL)
			o = options_find(global_s_options, key);
		if (o != NULL) {
			switch (o->type) {
			case OPTIONS_STRING:
				found = o->str;
				goto found;
			case OPTIONS_NUMBER:
				xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "%lld", o->num);
				found = s;
				goto found;
			case OPTIONS_STYLE:
				found = style_tostring(&o->style);
				goto found;
			}
		}
	}

	fe_find.key = (char *) key;
	fe = RB_FIND(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, &fe_find);
	if (fe != NULL) {
		if (modifiers & FORMAT_TIMESTRING) {
			if (fe->t == 0)
				return (NULL);
			ctime_r(&fe->t, s);
			s[strcspn(s, "\n")] = '\0';
			found = s;
			goto found;
		}
		if (fe->t != 0) {
			xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "%lld", (long long)fe->t);
			found = s;
			goto found;
		}
		if (fe->value == NULL && fe->cb != NULL)
			fe->cb(ft, fe);
		found = fe->value;
		goto found;
	}

	if (~modifiers & FORMAT_TIMESTRING) {
		envent = NULL;
		if (ft->s != NULL)
			envent = environ_find(ft->s->environ, key);
		if (envent == NULL)
			envent = environ_find(global_environ, key);
		if (envent != NULL) {
			found = envent->value;
			goto found;
		}
	}

	return (NULL);

found:
	if (found == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	copy = xstrdup(found);
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_BASENAME) {
		saved = copy;
		copy = xstrdup(basename(saved));
		free(saved);
	}
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_DIRNAME) {
		saved = copy;
		copy = xstrdup(dirname(saved));
		free(saved);
	}
	return (copy);
}

/*
 * Replace a key/value pair in buffer. #{blah} is expanded directly,
 * #{?blah,a,b} is replace with a if blah exists and is nonzero else b.
 */
int
format_replace(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, size_t keylen,
    char **buf, size_t *len, size_t *off)
{
	char		*copy, *copy0, *endptr, *ptr, *saved, *trimmed, *value;
	size_t		 valuelen;
	u_long		 limit = 0;
	int		 modifiers = 0, brackets;

	/* Make a copy of the key. */
	copy0 = copy = xmalloc(keylen + 1);
	memcpy(copy, key, keylen);
	copy[keylen] = '\0';

	/* Is there a length limit or whatnot? */
	switch (copy[0]) {
	case '=':
		errno = 0;
		limit = strtoul(copy + 1, &endptr, 10);
		if (errno == ERANGE && limit == ULONG_MAX)
			break;
		if (*endptr != ':')
			break;
		copy = endptr + 1;
		break;
	case 'b':
		if (copy[1] != ':')
			break;
		modifiers |= FORMAT_BASENAME;
		copy += 2;
		break;
	case 'd':
		if (copy[1] != ':')
			break;
		modifiers |= FORMAT_DIRNAME;
		copy += 2;
		break;
	case 't':
		if (copy[1] != ':')
			break;
		modifiers |= FORMAT_TIMESTRING;
		copy += 2;
		break;
	}

	/*
	 * Is this a conditional? If so, check it exists and extract either the
	 * first or second element. If not, look up the key directly.
	 */
	if (*copy == '?') {
		ptr = strchr(copy, ',');
		if (ptr == NULL)
			goto fail;
		*ptr = '\0';

		value = ptr + 1;
		saved = format_find(ft, copy + 1, modifiers);

		brackets = 0;
		for (ptr = ptr + 1; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++) {
			if (*ptr == '{')
				brackets++;
			if (*ptr == '}')
				brackets--;
			if (*ptr == ',' && brackets == 0)
				break;
		}
		if (*ptr == '\0')
			goto fail;

		if (saved != NULL && *saved != '\0' &&
		    (saved[0] != '0' || saved[1] != '\0')) {
			*ptr = '\0';
		} else
			value = ptr + 1;
		value = format_expand(ft, value);
		free(saved);
		saved = value;
	} else {
		saved = value = format_find(ft, copy, modifiers);
		if (value == NULL)
			saved = value = xstrdup("");
	}

	/* Truncate the value if needed. */
	if (limit != 0) {
		value = trimmed = utf8_trimcstr(value, limit);
		free(saved);
		saved = trimmed;
	}
	valuelen = strlen(value);

	/* Expand the buffer and copy in the value. */
	while (*len - *off < valuelen + 1) {
		*buf = xreallocarray(*buf, 2, *len);
		*len *= 2;
	}
	memcpy(*buf + *off, value, valuelen);
	*off += valuelen;

	free(saved);
	free(copy0);
	return (0);

fail:
	free(copy0);
	return (-1);
}

/* Expand keys in a template, passing through strftime first. */
char *
format_expand_time(struct format_tree *ft, const char *fmt, time_t t)
{
	char		*tmp, *expanded;
	size_t		 tmplen;
	struct tm	*tm;

	if (fmt == NULL || *fmt == '\0')
		return (xstrdup(""));

	tm = localtime(&t);

	tmp = NULL;
	tmplen = strlen(fmt);

	do {
		tmp = xreallocarray(tmp, 2, tmplen);
		tmplen *= 2;
	} while (strftime(tmp, tmplen, fmt, tm) == 0);

	expanded = format_expand(ft, tmp);
	free(tmp);

	return (expanded);
}

/* Expand keys in a template. */
char *
format_expand(struct format_tree *ft, const char *fmt)
{
	char		*buf, *tmp, *cmd, *out;
	const char	*ptr, *s, *saved = fmt;
	size_t		 off, len, n, outlen;
	int     	 ch, brackets;

	if (fmt == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(""));

	len = 64;
	buf = xmalloc(len);
	off = 0;

	while (*fmt != '\0') {
		if (*fmt != '#') {
			while (len - off < 2) {
				buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
				len *= 2;
			}
			buf[off++] = *fmt++;
			continue;
		}
		fmt++;

		ch = (u_char) *fmt++;
		switch (ch) {
		case '(':
			brackets = 1;
			for (ptr = fmt; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++) {
				if (*ptr == '(')
					brackets++;
				if (*ptr == ')' && --brackets == 0)
					break;
			}
			if (*ptr != ')' || brackets != 0)
				break;
			n = ptr - fmt;

			tmp = xmalloc(n + 1);
			memcpy(tmp, fmt, n);
			tmp[n] = '\0';
			cmd = format_expand(ft, tmp);

			out = format_job_get(ft, cmd);
			outlen = strlen(out);

			free(cmd);
			free(tmp);

			while (len - off < outlen + 1) {
				buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
				len *= 2;
			}
			memcpy(buf + off, out, outlen);
			off += outlen;

			free(out);

			fmt += n + 1;
			continue;
		case '{':
			brackets = 1;
			for (ptr = fmt; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++) {
				if (*ptr == '{')
					brackets++;
				if (*ptr == '}' && --brackets == 0)
					break;
			}
			if (*ptr != '}' || brackets != 0)
				break;
			n = ptr - fmt;

			if (format_replace(ft, fmt, n, &buf, &len, &off) != 0)
				break;
			fmt += n + 1;
			continue;
		case '#':
			while (len - off < 2) {
				buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
				len *= 2;
			}
			buf[off++] = '#';
			continue;
		default:
			s = NULL;
			if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
				s = format_upper[ch - 'A'];
			else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
				s = format_lower[ch - 'a'];
			if (s == NULL) {
				while (len - off < 3) {
					buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
					len *= 2;
				}
				buf[off++] = '#';
				buf[off++] = ch;
				continue;
			}
			n = strlen(s);
			if (format_replace(ft, s, n, &buf, &len, &off) != 0)
				break;
			continue;
		}

		break;
	}
	buf[off] = '\0';

	log_debug("format '%s' -> '%s'", saved, buf);
	return (buf);
}

/* Set defaults for any of arguments that are not NULL. */
void
format_defaults(struct format_tree *ft, struct client *c, struct session *s,
    struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp)
{
	if (s == NULL && c != NULL)
		s = c->session;
	if (wl == NULL && s != NULL)
		wl = s->curw;
	if (wp == NULL && wl != NULL)
		wp = wl->window->active;

	if (c != NULL)
		format_defaults_client(ft, c);
	if (s != NULL)
		format_defaults_session(ft, s);
	if (s != NULL && wl != NULL)
		format_defaults_winlink(ft, s, wl);
	if (wp != NULL)
		format_defaults_pane(ft, wp);
}

/* Set default format keys for a session. */
void
format_defaults_session(struct format_tree *ft, struct session *s)
{
	struct session_group	*sg;

	ft->s = s;

	format_add(ft, "session_name", "%s", s->name);
	format_add(ft, "session_windows", "%u", winlink_count(&s->windows));
	format_add(ft, "session_width", "%u", s->sx);
	format_add(ft, "session_height", "%u", s->sy);
	format_add(ft, "session_id", "$%u", s->id);

	sg = session_group_find(s);
	format_add(ft, "session_grouped", "%d", sg != NULL);
	if (sg != NULL)
		format_add(ft, "session_group", "%u", session_group_index(sg));

	format_add_tv(ft, "session_created", &s->creation_time);
	format_add_tv(ft, "session_last_attached", &s->last_attached_time);
	format_add_tv(ft, "session_activity", &s->activity_time);

	format_add(ft, "session_attached", "%u", s->attached);
	format_add(ft, "session_many_attached", "%d", s->attached > 1);

	format_add_cb(ft, "session_alerts", format_cb_session_alerts);
}

/* Set default format keys for a client. */
void
format_defaults_client(struct format_tree *ft, struct client *c)
{
	struct session	*s;

	if (ft->s == NULL)
		ft->s = c->session;

	format_add(ft, "client_pid", "%ld", (long) c->pid);
	format_add(ft, "client_height", "%u", c->tty.sy);
	format_add(ft, "client_width", "%u", c->tty.sx);
	if (c->tty.path != NULL)
		format_add(ft, "client_tty", "%s", c->tty.path);
	if (c->tty.termname != NULL)
		format_add(ft, "client_termname", "%s", c->tty.termname);
	format_add(ft, "client_control_mode", "%d",
		!!(c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL));

	format_add_tv(ft, "client_created", &c->creation_time);
	format_add_tv(ft, "client_activity", &c->activity_time);

	if (strcmp(c->keytable->name, "root") == 0)
		format_add(ft, "client_prefix", "%d", 0);
	else
		format_add(ft, "client_prefix", "%d", 1);
	format_add(ft, "client_key_table", "%s", c->keytable->name);

	if (c->tty.flags & TTY_UTF8)
		format_add(ft, "client_utf8", "%d", 1);
	else
		format_add(ft, "client_utf8", "%d", 0);

	if (c->flags & CLIENT_READONLY)
		format_add(ft, "client_readonly", "%d", 1);
	else
		format_add(ft, "client_readonly", "%d", 0);

	s = c->session;
	if (s != NULL)
		format_add(ft, "client_session", "%s", s->name);
	s = c->last_session;
	if (s != NULL && session_alive(s))
		format_add(ft, "client_last_session", "%s", s->name);
}

/* Set default format keys for a window. */
void
format_defaults_window(struct format_tree *ft, struct window *w)
{
	ft->w = w;

	format_add_tv(ft, "window_activity", &w->activity_time);
	format_add(ft, "window_id", "@%u", w->id);
	format_add(ft, "window_name", "%s", w->name);
	format_add(ft, "window_width", "%u", w->sx);
	format_add(ft, "window_height", "%u", w->sy);
	format_add_cb(ft, "window_layout", format_cb_window_layout);
	format_add(ft, "window_panes", "%u", window_count_panes(w));
	format_add(ft, "window_zoomed_flag", "%d",
	    !!(w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED));
}

/* Set default format keys for a winlink. */
void
format_defaults_winlink(struct format_tree *ft, struct session *s,
    struct winlink *wl)
{
	struct window	*w = wl->window;
	char		*flags;

	if (ft->w == NULL)
		ft->w = wl->window;

	flags = window_printable_flags(s, wl);

	format_defaults_window(ft, w);

	format_add(ft, "window_index", "%d", wl->idx);
	format_add(ft, "window_flags", "%s", flags);
	format_add(ft, "window_active", "%d", wl == s->curw);

	format_add(ft, "window_bell_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wl->flags & WINLINK_BELL));
	format_add(ft, "window_activity_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wl->flags & WINLINK_ACTIVITY));
	format_add(ft, "window_silence_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wl->flags & WINLINK_SILENCE));
	format_add(ft, "window_last_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wl == TAILQ_FIRST(&s->lastw)));
	format_add(ft, "window_linked", "%d", session_is_linked(s, wl->window));

	free(flags);
}

/* Set default format keys for a window pane. */
void
format_defaults_pane(struct format_tree *ft, struct window_pane *wp)
{
	struct grid	*gd = wp->base.grid;
	u_int		 idx;
	int  		 status, scroll_position;

	if (ft->w == NULL)
		ft->w = wp->window;
	ft->wp = wp;

	format_add(ft, "history_size", "%u", gd->hsize);
	format_add(ft, "history_limit", "%u", gd->hlimit);
	format_add_cb(ft, "history_bytes", format_cb_history_bytes);

	if (window_pane_index(wp, &idx) != 0)
		fatalx("index not found");
	format_add(ft, "pane_index", "%u", idx);

	format_add(ft, "pane_width", "%u", wp->sx);
	format_add(ft, "pane_height", "%u", wp->sy);
	format_add(ft, "pane_title", "%s", wp->base.title);
	format_add(ft, "pane_id", "%%%u", wp->id);
	format_add(ft, "pane_active", "%d", wp == wp->window->active);
	format_add(ft, "pane_input_off", "%d", !!(wp->flags & PANE_INPUTOFF));

	status = wp->status;
	if (wp->fd == -1 && WIFEXITED(status))
		format_add(ft, "pane_dead_status", "%d", WEXITSTATUS(status));
	format_add(ft, "pane_dead", "%d", wp->fd == -1);

	if (window_pane_visible(wp)) {
		format_add(ft, "pane_left", "%u", wp->xoff);
		format_add(ft, "pane_top", "%u", wp->yoff);
		format_add(ft, "pane_right", "%u", wp->xoff + wp->sx - 1);
		format_add(ft, "pane_bottom", "%u", wp->yoff + wp->sy - 1);
	}

	format_add(ft, "pane_in_mode", "%d", wp->screen != &wp->base);
	format_add(ft, "pane_synchronized", "%d",
	    !!options_get_number(wp->window->options, "synchronize-panes"));

	format_add(ft, "pane_tty", "%s", wp->tty);
	format_add(ft, "pane_pid", "%ld", (long) wp->pid);
	format_add_cb(ft, "pane_start_command", format_cb_start_command);
	format_add_cb(ft, "pane_current_command", format_cb_current_command);

	format_add(ft, "cursor_x", "%u", wp->base.cx);
	format_add(ft, "cursor_y", "%u", wp->base.cy);
	format_add(ft, "scroll_region_upper", "%u", wp->base.rupper);
	format_add(ft, "scroll_region_lower", "%u", wp->base.rlower);

	scroll_position = window_copy_scroll_position(wp);
	if (scroll_position != -1)
		format_add(ft, "scroll_position", "%d", scroll_position);

	format_add(ft, "alternate_on", "%d", wp->saved_grid ? 1 : 0);
	format_add(ft, "alternate_saved_x", "%u", wp->saved_cx);
	format_add(ft, "alternate_saved_y", "%u", wp->saved_cy);

	format_add(ft, "cursor_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wp->base.mode & MODE_CURSOR));
	format_add(ft, "insert_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wp->base.mode & MODE_INSERT));
	format_add(ft, "keypad_cursor_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wp->base.mode & MODE_KCURSOR));
	format_add(ft, "keypad_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wp->base.mode & MODE_KKEYPAD));
	format_add(ft, "wrap_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wp->base.mode & MODE_WRAP));

	format_add(ft, "mouse_any_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wp->base.mode & (MODE_MOUSE_STANDARD|MODE_MOUSE_BUTTON)));
	format_add(ft, "mouse_standard_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wp->base.mode & MODE_MOUSE_STANDARD));
	format_add(ft, "mouse_button_flag", "%d",
	    !!(wp->base.mode & MODE_MOUSE_BUTTON));

	format_add_cb(ft, "pane_tabs", format_cb_pane_tabs);
}

/* Set default format keys for paste buffer. */
void
format_defaults_paste_buffer(struct format_tree *ft, struct paste_buffer *pb)
{
	size_t	 bufsize;
	char	*s;

	paste_buffer_data(pb, &bufsize);
	format_add(ft, "buffer_size", "%zu", bufsize);
	format_add(ft, "buffer_name", "%s", paste_buffer_name(pb));

	s = paste_make_sample(pb);
	format_add(ft, "buffer_sample", "%s", s);
	free(s);
}