Annotation of src/usr.bin/tmux/tmux.1, Revision 1.15
1.15 ! jmc 1: .\" $OpenBSD: tmux.1,v 1.14 2009/06/23 23:26:08 nicm Exp $
1.1 nicm 2: .\"
3: .\" Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
4: .\"
5: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
6: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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9: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
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1.14 nicm 17: .Dd $Mdocdate: June 23 2009 $
1.1 nicm 18: .Dt TMUX 1
19: .Os
20: .Sh NAME
21: .Nm tmux
1.6 jmc 22: .Nd terminal multiplexer
1.1 nicm 23: .Sh SYNOPSIS
24: .Nm tmux
25: .Bk -words
26: .Op Fl 28dqUuv
27: .Op Fl f Ar file
28: .Op Fl L Ar socket-name
29: .Op Fl S Ar socket-path
30: .Op Ar command Op Ar flags
31: .Ek
32: .Sh DESCRIPTION
33: .Nm
1.6 jmc 34: is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals to be accessed and
1.1 nicm 35: controlled from a single terminal.
36: .Pp
37: .Nm
38: runs as a server-client system.
39: A server is created automatically when necessary and holds a number of
40: .Em sessions ,
41: each of which may have a number of
42: .Em windows
43: linked to it.
44: A window may be split on screen into one or more
45: .Em panes ,
46: each of which is a separate terminal.
47: Any number of
48: .Em clients
49: may connect to a session, or the server
50: may be controlled by issuing commands with
51: .Nm .
52: Communication takes place through a socket, by default placed in
53: .Pa /tmp .
54: .Pp
55: The options are as follows:
56: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXXXX"
57: .It Fl 2
58: Force
59: .Nm
60: to assume the terminal supports 256 colours.
61: .It Fl 8
62: Like
63: .Fl 2 ,
1.6 jmc 64: but indicates that the terminal supports 88 colours.
1.1 nicm 65: .It Fl d
66: Force
67: .Nm
68: to assume the terminal supports default colours.
69: .It Fl f Ar file
70: Specify an alternative configuration file.
71: By default,
72: .Nm
73: will look for a config file at
74: .Pa ~/.tmux.conf .
75: The configuration file is a set of
76: .Nm
77: commands which are executed in sequence when the server is first started.
78: .It Fl L Ar socket-name
79: .Nm
80: stores the server socket in a directory under
81: .Pa /tmp ;
82: the default socket is named
83: .Em default .
84: This option allows a different socket name to be specified, allowing several
85: independent
86: .Nm
87: servers to be run.
88: Unlike
89: .Fl S
90: a full path is not necessary: the sockets are all created in the same
91: directory.
1.2 nicm 92: .Pp
93: If the socket is accidentally removed, the
1.6 jmc 94: .Dv SIGUSR1
1.2 nicm 95: signal may be sent to the
96: .Nm
97: server process to recreate it.
1.4 sobrado 98: .It Fl q
1.6 jmc 99: Prevent the server sending various informational messages, for example when
1.4 sobrado 100: window flags are altered.
1.1 nicm 101: .It Fl S Ar socket-path
102: Specify a full alternative path to the server socket.
103: If
104: .Fl S
105: is specified, the default socket directory is not used and any
106: .Fl L
107: flag is ignored.
108: .It Fl U
109: Unlock the server.
110: .It Fl u
111: .Nm
1.14 nicm 112: attempts to guess if the terminal is likely to support UTF-8 by checking the
113: first of the
114: .Ev LC_ALL ,
115: .Ev LC_CTYPE
116: and
1.2 nicm 117: .Ev LANG
1.14 nicm 118: environment variables to be set for the string "UTF-8".
1.5 nicm 119: This is not always correct: the
1.2 nicm 120: .Fl u
121: flag explicitly informs
122: .Nm
1.6 jmc 123: that UTF-8 is supported.
1.1 nicm 124: .It Fl v
125: Request verbose logging.
126: This option may be specified multiple times for increasing verbosity.
127: Log messages will be saved into
128: .Pa tmux-client-PID.log
129: and
130: .Pa tmux-server-PID.log
131: files in the current directory, where
132: .Em PID
1.6 jmc 133: is the PID of the server or client process.
1.1 nicm 134: .It Ar command Op Ar flags
135: This specifies one of a set of commands used to control
136: .Nm ,
1.6 jmc 137: as described in the following sections.
138: If no command and flags are specified, the
1.1 nicm 139: .Ic new-session
140: command is assumed.
141: .El
142: .Sh QUICK START
1.6 jmc 143: To create a new
144: .Nm
145: session running
1.1 nicm 146: .Xr vi 1 :
147: .Pp
148: .Dl $ tmux new-session vi
149: .Pp
150: Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias.
151: For new-session, this is
152: .Ic new :
153: .Pp
154: .Dl $ tmux new vi
155: .Pp
156: Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted.
157: If there are several options, they are listed:
158: .Bd -literal -offset indent
159: $ tmux n
160: ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window
161: .Ed
162: .Pp
163: Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing
1.7 jmc 164: .Ql C-b c
165: (Ctrl
1.1 nicm 166: followed by the
1.6 jmc 167: .Ql b
1.7 jmc 168: key
169: followed by the
170: .Ql c
1.6 jmc 171: key).
1.1 nicm 172: .Pp
173: Windows may be navigated with:
174: .Ql C-b 0
175: (to select window 0),
176: .Ql C-b 1
177: (to select window 1), and so on;
178: .Ql C-b n
179: to select the next window; and
180: .Ql C-b p
181: to select the previous window.
182: .Pp
183: A session may be detached using
184: .Ql C-b d
185: and reattached with:
186: .Pp
187: .Dl $ tmux attach-session
188: .Pp
189: Typing
190: .Ql C-b \&?
191: lists the current key bindings in the current window; up and down may be used
192: to navigate the list or
1.6 jmc 193: .Ql q
1.1 nicm 194: to exit from it.
1.13 nicm 195: .Pp
196: Commands to be run when the
197: .Nm
198: server is started may be placed in the
1.15 ! jmc 199: .Pa ~/.tmux.conf
1.13 nicm 200: configuration file.
201: Common examples include:
1.15 ! jmc 202: .Pp
! 203: Changing the default prefix key:
1.13 nicm 204: .Bd -literal -offset indent
205: set-option -g prefix C-a
206: unbind-key C-b
207: bind-key C-a send-prefix
208: .Ed
209: .Pp
210: Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:
211: .Bd -literal -offset indent
212: set-option -g status off
213: set-option -g status-bg blue
214: .Ed
215: .Pp
1.15 ! jmc 216: Setting other options, such as the default command,
! 217: or locking after 30 minutes of inactivity:
1.13 nicm 218: .Bd -literal -offset indent
219: set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh"
220: set-option -g lock-after-time 1800
221: .Ed
1.15 ! jmc 222: .Pp
! 223: Creating new key bindings:
1.13 nicm 224: .Bd -literal -offset indent
225: bind-key b set-option status
226: bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'"
227: .Ed
1.1 nicm 228: .Sh KEY BINDINGS
229: .Nm
230: may be controlled from an attached client by using a key combination of a
231: prefix key,
232: .Ql C-b
1.6 jmc 233: (Ctrl-b) by default, followed by a command key.
1.1 nicm 234: .Pp
235: Some of the default key bindings include:
236: .Pp
1.6 jmc 237: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset 3n -compact
238: .It c
239: Create new window.
240: .It d
1.1 nicm 241: Detach current client.
1.6 jmc 242: .It l
243: Move to last (previously selected) window in the current session.
244: .It n
1.1 nicm 245: Change to next window in the current session.
1.6 jmc 246: .It p
1.1 nicm 247: Change to previous window in the current session.
1.6 jmc 248: .It t
1.1 nicm 249: Display a large clock.
1.6 jmc 250: .It \&?
1.1 nicm 251: List current key bindings.
252: .El
253: .Pp
254: A complete list may be obtained with the
255: .Ic list-keys
256: command (bound to
257: .Ql \&?
258: by default).
259: Key bindings may be changed with the
260: .Ic bind-key
261: and
262: .Ic unbind-key
263: commands.
264: .Sh HISTORY
265: .Nm
266: maintains a configurable history buffer for each window.
1.6 jmc 267: By default, up to 2000 lines are kept; this can be altered with the
1.1 nicm 268: .Ic history-limit
269: option (see the
270: .Ic set-option
271: command below).
272: .Sh MODES
273: A
274: .Nm
275: window may be in one of several modes.
276: The default permits direct access to the terminal attached to the window.
277: The others are:
278: .Bl -tag -width Ds
279: .It Em output mode
280: This is entered when a command which produces output, such as
281: .Ic list-keys ,
282: is executed from a key binding.
283: .It Em scroll mode
284: This is entered with the
285: .Ic scroll-mode
286: command (bound to
287: .Ql =
288: by default) and permits the window history buffer to be inspected.
289: .It Em copy mode
290: This permits a section of a window or its history to be copied to a
291: .Em paste buffer
292: for later insertion into another window.
293: This mode is entered with the
294: .Ic copy-mode
295: command, bound to
296: .Ql [
297: by default.
298: .El
299: .Pp
1.6 jmc 300: The keys available depend on whether emacs or vi mode is selected
301: (see the
1.1 nicm 302: .Ic mode-keys
303: option).
304: The following keys are supported as appropriate for the mode:
305: .Bl -column "FunctionXXXXXXXXXXXX" "viXXXXXX" "emacs" -offset indent
306: .It Sy "Function" Ta Sy "vi" Ta Sy "emacs"
307: .It Li "Start of line" Ta "0 or ^" Ta "C-a"
308: .It Li "Clear selection" Ta "Escape" Ta "C-g"
309: .It Li "Copy selection" Ta "Enter" Ta "M-w"
310: .It Li "Cursor down" Ta "j" Ta "Down"
311: .It Li "End of line" Ta "$" Ta "C-e"
312: .It Li "Cursor left" Ta "h" Ta "Left"
313: .It Li "Next page" Ta "C-f" Ta "Page down"
314: .It Li "Next word" Ta "w" Ta "M-f"
315: .It Li "Previous page" Ta "C-u" Ta "Page up"
316: .It Li "Previous word" Ta "b" Ta "M-b"
317: .It Li "Quit mode" Ta "q" Ta "Escape"
318: .It Li "Cursor right" Ta "l" Ta "Right"
319: .It Li "Start selection" Ta "Space" Ta "C-Space"
320: .It Li "Cursor up" Ta "k" Ta "Up"
1.2 nicm 321: .It Li "Paste buffer" Ta "p" Ta "C-y"
1.1 nicm 322: .El
323: .Pp
1.2 nicm 324: The paste buffer key pastes the first line from the top paste buffer on the
325: stack.
1.1 nicm 326: .Sh BUFFERS
327: .Nm
328: maintains a stack of
329: .Em paste buffers
330: for each session.
331: Up to the value of the
332: .Ic buffer-limit
333: option are kept; when a new buffer is added, the buffer at the bottom of the
334: stack is removed.
335: Buffers may be added using
336: .Ic copy-mode
337: or the
338: .Ic set-buffer
339: command, and pasted into a window using the
340: .Ic paste-buffer
341: command.
342: .Sh PANES AND LAYOUTS
343: Each window displayed by
344: .Nm
345: may be split into one or more
346: .Em panes ;
347: each pane takes up a certain area of the display and is a separate terminal.
348: A window may be split into panes using the
349: .Ic split-window
350: command.
351: .Pp
352: Panes are numbered beginning from zero; in horizontal layouts zero is the
353: leftmost pane and in vertical the topmost.
354: .Pp
355: Panes may be arranged using several layouts.
356: The layout may be cycled with the
357: .Ic next-layout
358: command (bound to
359: .Ql C-space
360: by default), the current pane may be changed with the
361: .Ic up-pane
362: and
363: .Ic down-pane
364: commands and the
365: .Ic rotate-window
366: and
367: .Ic swap-pane
368: commands may be used to swap panes without changing the window layout.
369: .Pp
370: The following layouts are supported:
371: .Bl -tag -width Ds
372: .It Ic active-only
1.6 jmc 373: Only the active pane is shown \(en all other panes are hidden.
1.1 nicm 374: .It Ic even-horizontal
375: Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the window.
376: .It Ic even-vertical
377: Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.
1.2 nicm 378: .It Ic main-horizontal
379: A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and the remaining panes are
1.6 jmc 380: spread from left to right in the leftover space at the bottom.
1.2 nicm 381: Use the
382: .Em main-pane-height
383: window option to specify the height of the top pane.
1.1 nicm 384: .It Ic main-vertical
1.2 nicm 385: Similar to
386: .Ic main-horizontal
387: but the large pane is placed on the left and the others spread from top to
388: bottom along the right.
389: See the
390: .Em main-pane-width
391: window option.
1.6 jmc 392: .It Ic manual
393: Manual layout splits windows vertically (running across); only with this layout
394: may panes be resized using the
395: .Ic resize-pane
396: command.
1.1 nicm 397: .El
1.8 nicm 398: .Sh STATUS LINE
399: .Nm
400: includes an optional status line which is displayed in the bottom line of each
401: terminal.
402: By default, the status line is enabled (it may be disabled with the
403: .Ic status
404: session option) and contains, from left-to-right: the name of the current
405: session in square brackets; the window list; the current window title in double
406: quotes; and the time and date.
407: .Pp
408: The status line is made of three parts: configurable left and right sections
409: (which may contain dynamic content such as the time or output from a shell
410: command, see the
411: .Ic status-left ,
412: .Ic status-left-length ,
413: .Ic status-right ,
414: and
415: .Ic status-right-length
416: options below), and a central window list.
417: The window list shows the index, name and (if any) flag of the windows
418: present in the current session in ascending numerical order.
419: The flag is one of the following symbols appended to the window name:
420: .Bl -column "Symbol" "Meaning" -offset indent
421: .It Sy "Symbol" Ta Sy "Meaning"
422: .It Li "*" Ta "Denotes the current window."
423: .It Li "-" Ta "Marks the last window (previously selected)."
424: .It Li "#" Ta "Window is monitored and activity has been detected."
425: .It Li "!" Ta "A bell has occurred in the window."
426: .It Li "+" Ta "Window is monitored for content and it has appeared."
427: .El
428: .Pp
429: The # symbol relates to the
430: .Ic monitor-activity
431: and + to the
432: .Ic monitor-content
433: window options.
434: The window name is printed in inverted colours if an alert (bell, activity or
435: content) is present.
436: .Pp
437: The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured, the entire status line using
438: the
439: .Ic status-attr ,
440: .Ic status-fg
441: and
442: .Ic status-bg
443: session options and individual windows using the
444: .Ic window-status-attr ,
445: .Ic window-status-fg
446: and
447: .Ic window-status-bg
448: window options.
449: .Pp
450: The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has changed, the interval may be
451: controlled with the
452: .Ic status-interval
453: session option.
1.1 nicm 454: .Sh COMMANDS
455: This section contains a list of the commands supported by
456: .Nm .
457: Most commands accept the optional
458: .Fl t
459: argument with one of
460: .Ar target-client ,
461: .Ar target-session
462: or
463: .Ar target-window .
464: These specify the client, session or window which a command should affect.
465: .Ar target-client
466: is the name of the
467: .Xr pty 4
468: file to which the client is connected, for example
469: .Pa /dev/ttyp1 .
470: Clients may be listed with the
471: .Ic list-clients
472: command.
473: .Pp
474: .Ar target-session
475: is either the name of a session (as listed by the
476: .Ic list-sessions
1.6 jmc 477: command) or the name of a client,
1.1 nicm 478: .Ar target-client ,
1.6 jmc 479: in which case the session attached to the client is used.
1.1 nicm 480: An
481: .Xr fnmatch 3
482: pattern may be used to match the session name.
483: If a session is omitted when required,
484: .Nm tmux
485: attempts to use the current session; if no current session is available, the
486: most recently created is chosen.
487: If no client is specified, the current client is chosen, if possible, or an
488: error is reported.
489: .Pp
490: .Ar target-window
491: specifies a window in the form
492: .Em session Ns \&: Ns Em index ,
493: for example mysession:1.
494: The session is in the same form as for
495: .Ar target-session .
496: .Em session ,
497: .Em index
498: or both may be omitted.
499: If
500: .Em session
501: is omitted, the same rules as for
502: .Ar target-session
503: are followed; if
504: .Em index
505: is not present, the current window for the given session is used.
1.6 jmc 506: When the argument does not contain a colon,
1.1 nicm 507: .Nm
508: first attempts to parse it as window index; if that fails, an attempt is made
509: to match a session or client name.
510: .Pp
511: Multiple commands may be specified together as part of a
512: .Em command sequence .
1.6 jmc 513: Each command should be separated by spaces and a semicolon;
1.1 nicm 514: commands are executed sequentially from left to right.
515: A literal semicolon may be included by escaping it with a backslash (for
516: example, when specifying a command sequence to
517: .Ic bind-key ) .
518: .Pp
519: Examples include:
520: .Bd -literal -offset indent
521: refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2
522:
523: rename-session -tfirst newname
524:
525: set-window-option -t:0 monitor-activity on
526:
527: new-window ; split-window -d
528:
529: bind-key D detach-client \e\; lock-server
530: .Ed
531: .Pp
532: The following commands are available:
533: .Bl -tag -width Ds
534: .It Xo Ic attach-session
535: .Op Fl d
536: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
537: .Xc
538: .D1 (alias: Ic attach )
539: Create a new client in the current terminal and attach it to a session.
540: If
541: .Fl d
542: is specified, any other clients attached to the session are detached.
543: .Pp
544: If no server is started,
545: .Ic attach-session
546: will attempt to start it; this will fail unless sessions are created in the
547: configuration file.
548: .It Xo Ic bind-key
549: .Op Fl r
550: .Ar key Ar command Op Ar arguments
551: .Xc
552: .D1 (alias: Ic bind )
553: Bind key
554: .Ar key
555: to
556: .Ar command .
557: Keys may be specified prefixed with
558: .Ql C-
559: or
560: .Ql ^
1.6 jmc 561: for Ctrl keys, or
1.1 nicm 562: .Ql M-
1.6 jmc 563: for Alt (meta) keys.
1.1 nicm 564: The
565: .Fl r
566: flag indicates this key may repeat, see the
567: .Ic repeat-time
568: option.
569: .It Xo Ic break-pane
570: .Op Fl d
571: .Op Fl p Ar pane-index
572: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
573: .Xc
574: .D1 (alias: Ic breakp)
575: Break the current pane off from its containing window to make it the only pane
576: in a new window.
577: If
578: .Fl d
579: is given, the new window does not become the current window.
580: .It Xo Ic choose-session
581: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
582: .Xc
583: Put a window into session choice mode, where the session for the current
584: client may be selected interactively from a list.
585: This command works only from inside
586: .Nm .
587: .It Xo Ic choose-window
588: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
589: .Xc
590: Put a window into window choice mode, where the window for the session
591: attached to the current client may be selected interactively from a list.
592: This command works only from inside
593: .Nm .
1.2 nicm 594: .It Xo Ic clear-history
595: .Op Fl p Ar pane-index
596: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
597: .Xc
598: .D1 (alias: Ic clearhist)
599: Remove and free the history for the specified pane.
1.1 nicm 600: .It Xo Ic clock-mode
601: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
602: .Xc
603: Display a large clock.
604: .It Xo Ic command-prompt
605: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
606: .Op Ar template
607: .Xc
608: Open the command prompt in a client.
609: This may be used from inside
610: .Nm
611: to execute commands interactively.
612: If
613: .Ar template
614: is specified, it is used as the command; any %% in the template will be
615: replaced by what is entered at the prompt.
616: .It Xo Ic confirm-before
617: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
618: .Ar command
619: .Xc
620: .D1 (alias: Ic confirm)
621: Ask for confirmation before executing
622: .Ar command .
623: This command works only from inside
624: .Nm .
625: .It Xo Ic copy-buffer
626: .Op Fl a Ar src-index
627: .Op Fl b Ar dst-index
628: .Op Fl s Ar src-session
629: .Op Fl t Ar dst-session
630: .Xc
631: .D1 (alias: Ic copyb)
632: Copy a session paste buffer to another session.
633: If no sessions are specified, the current one is used instead.
634: .It Xo Ic copy-mode
635: .Op Fl u
636: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
637: .Xc
638: Enter copy mode.
639: The
640: .Fl u
641: option scrolls one page up.
642: .It Xo Ic delete-buffer
643: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
644: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
645: .Xc
646: .D1 (alias: Ic deleteb )
647: Delete the buffer at
648: .Ar buffer-index ,
649: or the top buffer if not specified.
650: .It Xo Ic detach-client
651: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
652: .Xc
653: .D1 (alias: Ic detach )
654: Detach the current client if bound to a key, or the specified client with
655: .Fl t .
656: .It Xo Ic down-pane
657: .Op Fl p Ar pane-index
658: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
659: .Xc
660: .D1 (alias: Ic downp )
661: Move down a pane.
662: .It Xo Ic find-window
663: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
664: .Ar match-string
665: .Xc
666: .D1 (alias: Ic findw )
667: Search for
668: .Ar match-string
669: in window names, titles, and visible content (but not history).
670: If only one window is matched, it'll be automatically selected, otherwise a
671: choice list is shown.
672: This command only works from inside
673: .Nm .
674: .It Xo Ic has-session
675: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
676: .Xc
677: .D1 (alias: Ic has )
678: Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session does not exist.
679: If it does exist, exit with 0.
680: .It Xo Ic kill-pane
681: .Op Fl p Ar pane-index
682: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
683: .Xc
684: .D1 (alias: Ic killp )
685: Destroy the given pane.
686: .It Xo Ic kill-server
687: .Xc
688: Kill the
689: .Nm
690: server and clients and destroy all sessions.
691: .It Xo Ic kill-session
692: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
693: .Xc
694: Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it and no other
695: sessions, and detaching all clients attached to it.
696: .It Xo Ic kill-window
697: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
698: .Xc
699: .D1 (alias: Ic killw )
700: Kill the current window or the window at
701: .Ar target-window ,
702: removing it from any sessions to which it is linked.
703: .It Xo Ic last-window
704: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
705: .Xc
706: .D1 (alias: Ic last )
707: Select the last (previously selected) window.
708: If no
709: .Ar target-session
710: is specified, select the last window of the current session.
711: .It Xo Ic link-window
712: .Op Fl dk
713: .Op Fl s Ar src-window
714: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
715: .Xc
716: .D1 (alias: Ic linkw )
717: Link the window at
718: .Ar src-window
719: to the specified
720: .Ar dst-window .
721: If
722: .Ar dst-window
723: is specified and no such window exists, the
724: .Ar src-window
725: is linked there.
726: If
727: .Fl k
728: is given and
729: .Ar dst-window
730: exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is generated.
731: If
732: .Fl d
733: is given, the newly linked window is not selected.
734: .It Xo Ic list-buffers
735: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
736: .Xc
737: .D1 (alias: Ic lsb )
738: List the buffers in the given session.
739: .It Xo Ic list-clients
740: .Xc
741: .D1 (alias: Ic lsc )
742: List all clients attached to the server.
743: .It Xo Ic list-commands
744: .Xc
745: .D1 (alias: Ic lscm )
746: List the syntax of all commands supported by
747: .Nm .
748: .It Xo Ic list-keys
749: .Xc
750: .D1 (alias: Ic lsk )
751: List all key bindings.
752: .It Xo Ic list-sessions
753: .Xc
754: .D1 (alias: Ic ls )
755: List all sessions managed by the server.
756: .It Xo Ic list-windows
757: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
758: .Xc
759: .D1 (alias: Ic lsw )
760: List windows in the current session or in
761: .Ar target-session .
762: .It Xo Ic load-buffer
763: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
764: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
765: .Ar path
766: .Xc
767: .D1 (alias: Ic loadb )
768: Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from
769: .Ar path .
770: .It Xo Ic lock-server
771: .Xc
772: .D1 (alias: Ic lock )
773: Lock the server until a password is entered.
774: .It Xo Ic move-window
775: .Op Fl d
776: .Op Fl s Ar src-window
777: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
778: .Xc
779: .D1 (alias: Ic movew )
780: This is similar to
781: .Ic link-window ,
782: except the window at
783: .Ar src-window
784: is moved to
785: .Ar dst-window .
786: .It Xo Ic new-session
787: .Op Fl d
788: .Op Fl n Ar window-name
789: .Op Fl s Ar session-name
790: .Op Ar command
791: .Xc
792: .D1 (alias: Ic new )
793: Create a new session with name
794: .Ar session-name .
795: The new session is attached to the current terminal unless
796: .Fl d
797: is given.
798: .Ar window-name
799: and
800: .Ar command
801: are the name of and command to execute in the initial window.
802: .It Xo Ic new-window
803: .Op Fl d
804: .Op Fl n Ar window-name
805: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
806: .Op Ar command
807: .Xc
808: .D1 (alias: Ic neww )
809: Create a new window.
810: If
811: .Fl d
812: is given, the session does not make the new window the current window.
813: .Ar target-window
814: represents the window to be created.
815: .Ar command
816: is the command to execute.
817: If
818: .Ar command
819: is not specified, the default command is used.
820: .Pp
821: The
822: .Ev TERM
823: environment variable must be set to
824: .Dq screen
825: for all programs running
826: .Em inside
827: .Nm .
828: New windows will automatically have
829: .Dq TERM=screen
830: added to their environment, but care must be taken not to reset this in shell
831: start-up files.
832: .It Xo Ic next-layout
833: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
834: .Xc
835: .D1 (alias: Ic nextl )
836: Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to fit.
837: .It Xo Ic next-window
1.9 nicm 838: .Op Fl a
1.1 nicm 839: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
840: .Xc
841: .D1 (alias: Ic next )
842: Move to the next window in the session.
1.9 nicm 843: If
1.12 jmc 844: .Fl a
1.9 nicm 845: is used, move to the next window with a bell, activity or content alert.
1.1 nicm 846: .It Xo Ic paste-buffer
847: .Op Fl d
848: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
849: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
850: .Xc
851: .D1 (alias: Ic pasteb )
852: Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the current window.
853: .It Xo Ic previous-window
1.9 nicm 854: .Op Fl a
1.1 nicm 855: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
856: .Xc
857: .D1 (alias: Ic prev )
858: Move to the previous window in the session.
1.9 nicm 859: With
860: .Fl a ,
861: move to the previous window with a bell, activity or content alert.
1.1 nicm 862: .It Xo Ic refresh-client
863: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
864: .Xc
865: .D1 (alias: Ic refresh )
866: Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single client if one is given
867: with
868: .Fl t .
869: .It Xo Ic rename-session
870: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
871: .Ar new-name
872: .Xc
873: .D1 (alias: Ic rename )
874: Rename the session to
875: .Ar new-name .
876: .It Xo Ic rename-window
877: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
878: .Ar new-name
879: .Xc
880: .D1 (alias: Ic renamew )
881: Rename the current window, or the window at
882: .Ar target-window
883: if specified, to
884: .Ar new-name .
885: .It Xo Ic resize-pane
886: .Op Fl DU
887: .Op Fl p Ar pane-index
888: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
889: .Op Ar adjustment
890: .Xc
891: .D1 (alias: Ic resizep )
892: Resize a pane, upward with
893: .Fl U
894: (the default) or downward with
895: .Fl D .
896: The
897: .Ar adjustment
898: is given in lines (the default is 1).
899: .It Xo Ic respawn-window
900: .Op Fl k
901: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
902: .Op Ar command
903: .Xc
904: .D1 (alias: Ic respawnw )
905: Reactive a window in which the command has exited (see the
906: .Ic remain-on-exit
907: window option).
908: If
909: .Ar command
910: is not given, the command used when the window was created is executed.
911: The window must be already inactive, unless
912: .Fl k
913: is given, in which case any existing command is killed.
914: .It Xo Ic rotate-window
915: .Op Fl DU
916: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
917: .Xc
918: .D1 (alias: Ic rotatew )
919: Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either upward (numerically
920: lower) with
921: .Fl U
922: or downward (numerically higher).
923: .It Xo Ic save-buffer
924: .Op Fl a
925: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
926: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
927: .Ar path
928: .Xc
929: .D1 (alias: Ic saveb )
930: Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to
931: .Ar path .
932: The
933: .Fl a
934: option appends to rather than overwriting the file.
935: .It Xo Ic scroll-mode
936: .Op Fl u
937: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
938: .Xc
939: Enter scroll mode.
940: The
941: .Fl u
942: has the same meaning as in the
943: .Ic copy-mode
944: command.
1.2 nicm 945: .It Xo Ic select-layout
946: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
947: .Ar layout-name
948: .Xc
949: .D1 (alias: selectl)
950: Choose a specific layout for a window.
1.1 nicm 951: .It Xo Ic select-pane
952: .Op Fl p Ar pane-index
953: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
954: .Xc
955: .D1 (alias: Ic selectp )
956: Make pane
957: .Ar pane-index
958: the active pane in window
959: .Ar target-window .
960: .It Xo Ic select-prompt
961: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
962: .Xc
963: Open a prompt inside
964: .Ar target-client
965: allowing a window index to be entered interactively.
966: .It Xo Ic select-window
967: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
968: .Xc
969: .D1 (alias: Ic selectw )
970: Select the window at
971: .Ar target-window .
972: .It Xo Ic send-keys
973: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
974: .Ar key Ar ...
975: .Xc
976: .D1 (alias: Ic send )
977: Send a key or keys to a window.
978: Each argument
979: .Ar key
980: is the name of the key (such as
981: .Ql C-a
982: or
983: .Ql npage
984: ) to send; if the string is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of
985: characters.
986: All arguments are sent sequentially from first to last.
987: .It Xo Ic send-prefix
988: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
989: .Xc
990: Send the prefix key to a window as if it was pressed.
991: .It Xo Ic server-info
992: .Xc
993: .D1 (alias: Ic info )
994: Show server information and terminal details.
995: .It Xo Ic set-buffer
996: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
997: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
998: .Ar data
999: .Xc
1000: .D1 (alias: Ic setb )
1001: Set the contents of the specified buffer to
1002: .Ar data .
1003: .It Xo Ic set-option
1004: .Op Fl gu
1005: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1006: .Ar option Ar value
1007: .Xc
1008: .D1 (alias: Ic set )
1009: Set an option.
1010: If
1011: .Fl g
1012: is specified, the option is set as a global option.
1013: Global options apply to all sessions which don't have the option explicitly
1014: set.
1015: If
1016: .Fl g
1017: is not used, the option applies only to
1018: .Ar target-session .
1019: The
1020: .Fl u
1021: flag unsets an option, so a session inherits the option from the global
1022: options - it is not possible to unset a global option.
1023: .Pp
1024: Possible options are:
1025: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1026: .It Xo Ic bell-action
1027: .Op Ic any | Ic none | Ic current
1028: .Xc
1029: Set action on window bell.
1030: .Ic any
1031: means a bell in any window linked to a session causes a bell in the current
1032: window of that session,
1033: .Ic none
1034: means all bells are ignored and
1035: .Ic current
1036: means only bell in windows other than the current window are ignored.
1037: .It Ic buffer-limit Ar number
1038: Set the number of buffers kept for each session; as new buffers are added to
1039: the top of the stack, old ones are removed from the bottom if necessary to
1040: maintain this maximum length.
1041: .It Ic default-command Ar command
1042: Set the command used for new windows (if not specified when the window is
1043: created) to
1044: .Ar command .
1045: The default is
1.3 pyr 1046: .Dq exec $SHELL -l .
1.1 nicm 1047: .It Ic default-path Ar path
1048: Set the default working directory for processes created from keys, or
1049: interactively from the prompt.
1050: The default is the current working directory when the server is started.
1051: .It Ic history-limit Ar lines
1052: Set the maximum number of lines held in window history.
1053: This setting applies only to new windows - existing window histories are not
1054: resized and retain the limit at the point they were created.
1055: .It Ic lock-after-time Ar number
1056: Lock the server after
1057: .Ar number
1058: seconds of inactivity.
1059: The default is off (set to 0).
1060: This has no effect as a session option; it must be set as a global option using
1061: .Fl g .
1062: .It Ic message-attr Ar attributes
1063: Set status line message attributes, where
1064: .Ar attributes
1065: is either
1066: .Ic default
1067: or a comma-delimited list of one or more of:
1068: .Ic bright
1069: (or
1070: .Ic bold ) ,
1071: .Ic dim ,
1072: .Ic underscore ,
1073: .Ic blink ,
1074: .Ic reverse ,
1075: .Ic hidden ,
1076: or
1077: .Ic italics .
1078: .It Ic message-bg Ar colour
1079: Set status line message background colour, where
1080: .Ar colour
1081: is one of:
1082: .Ic black ,
1083: .Ic red ,
1084: .Ic green ,
1085: .Ic yellow ,
1086: .Ic blue ,
1087: .Ic magenta ,
1088: .Ic cyan ,
1089: .Ic white
1090: or
1091: .Ic default .
1092: .It Ic message-fg Ar colour
1093: Set status line message foreground colour.
1094: .It Ic prefix Ar key
1095: Set the current prefix key.
1096: .It Ic repeat-time Ar number
1097: Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing the prefix-key again
1098: in the specified
1099: .Ar number
1100: milliseconds (the default is 500).
1101: Whether a key repeats may be set when it is bound using the
1102: .Fl r
1103: flag to
1104: .Ic bind-key .
1105: Repeat is enabled for the default keys of the
1106: .Ic up-pane ,
1107: .Ic down-pane ,
1108: .Ic resize-pane-up ,
1109: and
1110: .Ic resize-pane-down
1111: commands.
1112: .It Xo Ic set-remain-on-exit
1113: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1114: .Xc
1115: Set the
1116: .Ic remain-on-exit
1117: window option for any windows first created in this session.
1118: .It Xo Ic set-titles
1119: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1120: .Xc
1121: Attempt to set the window title using the \ee]2;...\e007 xterm code and
1122: the terminal appears to be an xterm.
1.11 nicm 1123: This option is off by default.
1.6 jmc 1124: Note that elinks
1.1 nicm 1125: will only attempt to set the window title if the STY environment
1126: variable is set.
1127: .It Xo Ic status
1128: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1129: .Xc
1130: Show or hide the status line.
1131: .It Ic status-attr Ar attributes
1132: Set status line attributes.
1133: .It Ic status-bg Ar colour
1134: Set status line background colour.
1135: .It Ic status-fg Ar colour
1136: Set status line foreground colour.
1137: .It Ic status-interval Ar interval
1138: Update the status bar every
1139: .Ar interval
1140: seconds.
1141: By default, updates will occur every 15 seconds.
1142: A setting of zero disables redrawing at interval.
1143: .It Xo Ic status-keys
1144: .Op Ic vi | Ic emacs
1145: .Xc
1.6 jmc 1146: Use vi or emacs-style
1.1 nicm 1147: key bindings in the status line, for example at the command prompt.
1148: Defaults to emacs.
1149: .It Ic status-left Ar string
1150: Display
1151: .Ar string
1152: to the left of the status bar.
1153: .Ar string
1154: will be passed through
1155: .Xr strftime 3
1156: before being used.
1157: By default, the session name is shown.
1158: .Ar string
1159: may contain any of the following special character pairs:
1160: .Bl -column "Character pair" "Replaced with" -offset indent
1161: .It Sy "Character pair" Ta Sy "Replaced with"
1162: .It Li "#(command)" Ta "First line of command's output"
1163: .It Li "#H" Ta "Hostname of local host"
1164: .It Li "#S" Ta "Session name"
1165: .It Li "#T" Ta "Current window title"
1166: .It Li "##" Ta "A literal" Ql #
1167: .El
1168: .Pp
1169: Where appropriate, these may be prefixed with a number to specify the maximum
1170: length, for example
1171: .Ql #24T .
1.10 nicm 1172: .Pp
1.12 jmc 1173: By default, UTF-8 in
1.10 nicm 1174: .Ar string
1175: is not interpreted, to enable UTF-8, use the
1176: .Ic status-utf8
1177: option.
1.1 nicm 1178: .It Ic status-left-length Ar length
1179: Set the maximum
1180: .Ar length
1181: of the left component of the status bar.
1182: The default is 10.
1183: .It Ic status-right Ar string
1184: Display
1185: .Ar string
1186: to the right of the status bar.
1187: By default, the date and time will be shown.
1188: As with
1189: .Ic status-left ,
1190: .Ar string
1191: will be passed to
1.10 nicm 1192: .Xr strftime 3 ,
1193: character pairs are replaced, and UTF-8 is dependent on the
1194: .Ic status-utf8
1195: option.
1.1 nicm 1196: .It Ic status-right-length Ar length
1197: Set the maximum
1198: .Ar length
1199: of the right component of the status bar.
1200: The default is 40.
1.10 nicm 1201: .Pp
1202: .It Xo Ic status-utf8
1203: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1204: .Xc
1205: Instruct
1206: .Nm
1207: to treat top-bit-set characters in the
1208: .Ic status-left
1209: and
1210: .Ic status-right
1211: strings as UTF-8; notably, this is important for wide characters.
1212: This option defaults to off.
1.1 nicm 1213: .El
1214: .It Xo Ic set-password
1215: .Op Fl c
1216: .Ar password
1217: .Xc
1218: .D1 (alias: Ic pass )
1219: Set the server password.
1220: If the
1221: .Fl c
1222: option is given, a pre-encrypted password may be specified.
1223: By default, the password is blank, thus any entered password will be accepted
1224: when unlocking the server (see the
1225: .Ic lock-server
1226: command).
1227: To prevent variable expansion when an encrypted password is read from a
1228: configuration file, enclose it in single quotes (').
1229: .It Xo Ic set-window-option
1230: .Op Fl gu
1231: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1232: .Ar option Ar value
1233: .Xc
1234: .D1 (alias: Ic setw )
1235: Set a window-specific option.
1236: The
1237: .Fl g
1238: and
1239: .Fl u
1240: flags work similarly to the
1241: .Ic set-option
1242: command.
1243: .Pp
1244: Supported options are:
1245: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1246: .It Xo Ic aggressive-resize
1247: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1248: .Xc
1249: Aggressively resize the chosen window.
1250: This means that
1251: .Nm
1252: will resize the window to the size of the smallest session for which it is the
1253: current window, rather than the smallest session to which it is attached.
1254: The window may resize when the current window is changed on another sessions;
1.6 jmc 1255: this option is good for full-screen programs which support
1256: .Dv SIGWINCH
1257: and poor for interactive programs such as shells.
1.1 nicm 1258: .It Xo Ic automatic-rename
1259: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1260: .Xc
1261: Control automatic window renaming.
1262: When this setting is enabled,
1263: .Nm
1264: will attempt - on supported platforms - to rename the window to reflect the
1265: command currently running in it.
1266: This flag is automatically disabled for an individual window when a name
1267: is specified at creation with
1268: .Ic new-window or
1269: .Ic new-session ,
1270: or later with
1271: .Ic rename-window .
1272: It may be switched off globally with:
1273: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1274: set-window-option -g automatic-rename off
1275: .Ed
1276: .It Ic clock-mode-colour Ar colour
1277: Set clock colour.
1278: .It Xo Ic clock-mode-style
1279: .Op Ic 12 | Ic 24
1280: .Xc
1281: Set clock hour format.
1282: .It Ic force-height Ar height
1283: .It Ic force-width Ar width
1284: Prevent
1285: .Nm
1286: from resizing a window to greater than
1287: .Ar width
1288: or
1289: .Ar height .
1290: A value of zero restores the default unlimited setting.
1.2 nicm 1291: .It Ic main-pane-width Ar width
1292: .It Ic main-pane-height Ar height
1293: Set the width or height of the main (left or top) pane in the
1294: .Ic main-horizontal
1295: or
1296: .Ic main-vertical
1297: layouts.
1.1 nicm 1298: .It Ic mode-attr Ar attributes
1299: Set window modes attributes.
1300: .It Ic mode-bg Ar colour
1301: Set window modes background colour.
1302: .It Ic mode-fg Ar colour
1303: Set window modes foreground colour.
1304: .It Xo Ic mode-keys
1305: .Op Ic vi | Ic emacs
1306: .Xc
1.6 jmc 1307: Use vi or emacs-style
1.1 nicm 1308: key bindings in scroll and copy modes.
1309: Key bindings default to emacs.
1310: .It Xo Ic monitor-activity
1311: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1312: .Xc
1313: Monitor for activity in the window.
1314: Windows with activity are highlighted in the status line.
1315: .It Xo Ic monitor-content Ar match-string
1316: .Xc
1.6 jmc 1317: Monitor content in the window.
1318: When
1.1 nicm 1319: .Ar match-string
1320: appears in the window, it is highlighted in the status line.
1321: .It Xo Ic remain-on-exit
1322: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1323: .Xc
1324: A window with this flag set is not destroyed when the program running in it
1325: exits.
1326: The window may be reactivated with the
1327: .Ic respawn-window
1328: command.
1329: .It Xo Ic utf8
1330: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1331: .Xc
1332: Instructs
1333: .Nm
1334: to expect UTF-8 sequences to appear in this window.
1335: .It Ic window-status-attr Ar attributes
1336: Set status line attributes for a single window.
1337: .It Ic window-status-bg Ar colour
1338: Set status line background colour for a single window.
1339: .It Ic window-status-fg Ar colour
1340: Set status line foreground colour for a single window.
1341: .It Xo Ic xterm-keys
1342: .Op Ic on | Ic off
1343: .Xc
1344: If this option is set,
1345: .Nm
1346: will generate
1347: .Xr xterm 1 -style
1348: function key sequences; these have a number included to indicate modifiers such
1.6 jmc 1349: as Shift, Alt or Ctrl.
1.1 nicm 1350: .El
1351: .It Xo Ic show-buffer
1352: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
1353: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1354: .Xc
1355: .D1 (alias: Ic showb )
1356: Display the contents of the specified buffer.
1357: .It Xo Ic show-options
1358: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1359: .Ar option Ar value
1360: .Xc
1361: .D1 (alias: Ic show )
1362: Show the currently set options.
1363: If a
1364: .Ar target-session
1365: is specified, the options for that session are shown; otherwise, the global
1366: options are listed.
1367: .It Xo Ic show-window-options
1368: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1369: .Ar option Ar value
1370: .Xc
1371: .D1 (alias: Ic showw )
1372: List the current options for the given window.
1373: .It Xo Ic source-file
1374: .Ar path
1375: .Xc
1376: .D1 (alias: Ic source )
1377: Execute commands from
1378: .Ar path .
1379: .It Xo Ic split-window
1380: .Op Fl d
1381: .Oo Fl l
1382: .Ar lines |
1383: .Fl p Ar percentage Oc
1384: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1385: .Op Ar command
1386: .Xc
1387: .D1 (alias: splitw )
1388: Creates a new window by splitting it vertically.
1389: The
1390: .Fl l
1391: and
1392: .Fl p
1393: options specify the size of the new window in lines, or as a percentage,
1394: respectively.
1395: All other options have the same meaning as in the
1396: .Ic new-window
1397: command.
1398: .Pp
1399: A few notes with regard to panes:
1400: .Bl -enum -compact
1401: .It
1402: If attempting to split a window with less than eight lines, an error will be
1403: shown.
1404: .It
1405: If the window is resized, as many panes are shown as can fit without reducing
1406: them below four lines.
1407: .It
1408: The minimum pane size is four lines (including the separator line).
1409: .It
1410: The panes are indexed from top (0) to bottom, with no numbers skipped.
1411: .El
1412: .It Xo Ic start-server
1413: .Xc
1414: .D1 (alias: Ic start )
1415: Start the
1416: .Nm
1417: server, if not already running, without creating any sessions.
1418: .It Xo Ic suspend-client
1419: .Op Fl c target-client
1420: .Xc
1421: .D1 (alias: Ic suspendc )
1.6 jmc 1422: Suspend a client by sending
1423: .Dv SIGTSTP
1424: (tty stop).
1.1 nicm 1425: .It Xo Ic swap-pane
1426: .Op Fl dDU
1427: .Op Fl p Ar src-index
1428: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1429: .Op Fl q Ar dst-index
1430: .Xc
1431: .D1 (alias: Ic swapp )
1432: Swap two panes within a window.
1433: If
1434: .Fl U
1435: is used, the pane is swapped with the pane above (before it numerically);
1436: .Fl D
1437: swaps with the pane below (the next numerically); or
1438: .Ar dst-index
1439: may be give to swap with a specific pane.
1440: .It Xo Ic swap-window
1441: .Op Fl d
1442: .Op Fl s Ar src-window
1443: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
1444: .Xc
1445: .D1 (alias: Ic swapw )
1446: This is similar to
1447: .Ic link-window ,
1448: except the source and destination windows are swapped.
1449: It is an error if no window exists at
1450: .Ar src-window .
1451: .It Xo Ic switch-client
1452: .Op Fl c Ar target-client Fl t Ar target-session
1453: .Xc
1454: .D1 (alias: Ic switchc )
1455: Switch the current session for client
1456: .Ar target-client
1457: to
1458: .Ar target-session .
1459: .It Xo Ic unbind-key
1460: .Ar key
1461: .Xc
1462: .D1 (alias: Ic unbind )
1463: Unbind the key bound to
1464: .Ar key .
1465: .It Xo Ic unlink-window
1466: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1467: .Xc
1468: .D1 (alias: Ic unlinkw )
1469: Unlink
1470: .Ar target-window .
1471: A window may be unlinked only if it is linked to multiple sessions - windows may
1472: not be linked to no sessions.
1473: .It Xo Ic up-pane
1474: .Op Fl p Ar pane-index
1475: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1476: .Xc
1477: .D1 (alias: Ic upp )
1478: Move up a pane.
1479: .El
1480: .Sh FILES
1.6 jmc 1481: .Bl -tag -width "~/.tmux.confXXX" -compact
1.1 nicm 1482: .It Pa ~/.tmux.conf
1.6 jmc 1483: Default
1.1 nicm 1484: .Nm
1.6 jmc 1485: configuration file.
1.1 nicm 1486: .El
1487: .Sh SEE ALSO
1488: .Xr pty 4
1489: .Sh AUTHORS
1490: .An Nicholas Marriott Aq nicm@users.sourceforge.net