Annotation of src/usr.bin/tmux/tmux.1, Revision 1.182
1.182 ! jmc 1: .\" $OpenBSD: tmux.1,v 1.181 2010/06/29 03:30:14 nicm Exp $
1.1 nicm 2: .\"
3: .\" Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
4: .\"
5: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
6: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
7: .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
8: .\"
9: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
10: .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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13: .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
14: .\" IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
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1.182 ! jmc 17: .Dd $Mdocdate: June 29 2010 $
1.1 nicm 18: .Dt TMUX 1
19: .Os
20: .Sh NAME
21: .Nm tmux
1.6 jmc 22: .Nd terminal multiplexer
1.1 nicm 23: .Sh SYNOPSIS
24: .Nm tmux
25: .Bk -words
1.114 nicm 26: .Op Fl 28lquv
1.91 nicm 27: .Op Fl c Ar shell-command
1.1 nicm 28: .Op Fl f Ar file
29: .Op Fl L Ar socket-name
30: .Op Fl S Ar socket-path
31: .Op Ar command Op Ar flags
32: .Ek
33: .Sh DESCRIPTION
34: .Nm
1.59 jmc 35: is a terminal multiplexer:
36: it enables a number of terminals to be created, accessed, and
37: controlled from a single screen.
1.67 jmc 38: .Nm
39: may be detached from a screen
40: and continue running in the background,
41: then later reattached.
1.1 nicm 42: .Pp
1.60 nicm 43: When
44: .Nm
45: is started it creates a new
46: .Em session
47: with a single
48: .Em window
49: and displays it on screen.
50: A status line at the bottom of the screen
51: shows information on the current session
52: and is used to enter interactive commands.
53: .Pp
54: A session is a single collection of
55: .Em pseudo terminals
56: under the management of
57: .Nm .
58: Each session has one or more
59: windows linked to it.
60: A window occupies the entire screen
61: and may be split into rectangular panes,
62: each of which is a separate pseudo terminal
63: (the
64: .Xr pty 4
65: manual page documents the technical details of pseudo terminals).
66: Any number of
67: .Nm
68: instances may connect to the same session,
69: and any number of windows may be present in the same session.
70: Once all sessions are killed,
71: .Nm
72: exits.
73: .Pp
1.64 nicm 74: Each session is persistent and will survive accidental disconnection
1.66 jmc 75: (such as
1.64 nicm 76: .Xr ssh 1
1.67 jmc 77: connection timeout) or intentional detaching (with the
1.64 nicm 78: .Ql C-b d
79: key strokes).
80: .Nm
81: may be reattached using:
82: .Pp
83: .Dl $ tmux attach
1.60 nicm 84: .Pp
1.64 nicm 85: In
86: .Nm ,
87: a session is displayed on screen by a
88: .Em client
89: and all sessions are managed by a single
90: .Em server .
91: The server and each client are separate processes which communicate through a
92: socket in
93: .Pa /tmp .
1.65 nicm 94: .Pp
1.1 nicm 95: The options are as follows:
96: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXXXX"
97: .It Fl 2
98: Force
99: .Nm
100: to assume the terminal supports 256 colours.
101: .It Fl 8
102: Like
103: .Fl 2 ,
1.6 jmc 104: but indicates that the terminal supports 88 colours.
1.91 nicm 105: .It Fl c Ar shell-command
106: Execute
107: .Ar shell-command
108: using the default shell.
109: If necessary, the
110: .Nm
111: server will be started to retrieve the
112: .Ic default-shell
113: option.
1.153 nicm 114: This option is for compatibility with
115: .Xr sh 1
116: when
117: .Nm
118: is used as a login shell.
1.1 nicm 119: .It Fl f Ar file
120: Specify an alternative configuration file.
121: By default,
122: .Nm
1.26 nicm 123: loads the system configuration file from
124: .Pa /etc/tmux.conf ,
125: if present, then looks for a user configuration file at
1.1 nicm 126: .Pa ~/.tmux.conf .
127: The configuration file is a set of
128: .Nm
129: commands which are executed in sequence when the server is first started.
1.61 nicm 130: .Pp
131: If a command in the configuration file fails,
132: .Nm
133: will report an error and exit without executing further commands.
1.1 nicm 134: .It Fl L Ar socket-name
135: .Nm
136: stores the server socket in a directory under
137: .Pa /tmp ;
138: the default socket is named
139: .Em default .
140: This option allows a different socket name to be specified, allowing several
141: independent
142: .Nm
143: servers to be run.
144: Unlike
145: .Fl S
146: a full path is not necessary: the sockets are all created in the same
147: directory.
1.2 nicm 148: .Pp
149: If the socket is accidentally removed, the
1.6 jmc 150: .Dv SIGUSR1
1.2 nicm 151: signal may be sent to the
152: .Nm
153: server process to recreate it.
1.166 sobrado 154: .It Fl l
155: Behave as a login shell.
156: This flag currently has no effect and is for compatibility with other shells
157: when using tmux as a login shell.
1.4 sobrado 158: .It Fl q
1.133 nicm 159: Set the
160: .Ic quiet
161: server option to prevent the server sending various informational messages.
1.1 nicm 162: .It Fl S Ar socket-path
163: Specify a full alternative path to the server socket.
164: If
165: .Fl S
166: is specified, the default socket directory is not used and any
167: .Fl L
168: flag is ignored.
169: .It Fl u
170: .Nm
1.14 nicm 171: attempts to guess if the terminal is likely to support UTF-8 by checking the
172: first of the
173: .Ev LC_ALL ,
174: .Ev LC_CTYPE
175: and
1.2 nicm 176: .Ev LANG
1.14 nicm 177: environment variables to be set for the string "UTF-8".
1.5 nicm 178: This is not always correct: the
1.2 nicm 179: .Fl u
180: flag explicitly informs
181: .Nm
1.6 jmc 182: that UTF-8 is supported.
1.33 nicm 183: .Pp
184: If the server is started from a client passed
185: .Fl u
186: or where UTF-8 is detected, the
187: .Ic utf8
188: and
189: .Ic status-utf8
190: options are enabled in the global window and session options respectively.
1.1 nicm 191: .It Fl v
192: Request verbose logging.
193: This option may be specified multiple times for increasing verbosity.
194: Log messages will be saved into
195: .Pa tmux-client-PID.log
196: and
197: .Pa tmux-server-PID.log
198: files in the current directory, where
199: .Em PID
1.6 jmc 200: is the PID of the server or client process.
1.1 nicm 201: .It Ar command Op Ar flags
202: This specifies one of a set of commands used to control
203: .Nm ,
1.6 jmc 204: as described in the following sections.
1.59 jmc 205: If no commands are specified, the
1.1 nicm 206: .Ic new-session
207: command is assumed.
1.57 jmc 208: .El
1.64 nicm 209: .Sh KEY BINDINGS
210: .Nm
211: may be controlled from an attached client by using a key combination of a
212: prefix key,
213: .Ql C-b
214: (Ctrl-b) by default, followed by a command key.
215: .Pp
1.172 nicm 216: The default command key bindings are:
1.64 nicm 217: .Pp
1.171 nicm 218: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXX" -offset indent -compact
219: .It C-b
220: Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the application.
221: .It C-o
222: Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.
223: .It C-z
224: Suspend the
225: .Nm
226: client.
227: .It !
228: Break the current pane out of the window.
229: .It \&"
230: Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.
231: .It #
232: List all paste buffers.
233: .It %
234: Split the current pane into two, left and right.
235: .It &
236: Kill the current window.
237: .It '
238: Prompt for a window index to select.
239: .It ,
240: Rename the current window.
241: .It -
242: Delete the most recently copied buffer of text.
243: .It .
244: Prompt for an index to move the current window.
245: .It 0 to 9
246: Select windows 0 to 9.
247: .It :
248: Enter the
249: .Nm
250: command prompt.
1.178 nicm 251: .It =
252: Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a list.
1.171 nicm 253: .It \&?
254: List all key bindings.
255: .It D
256: Choose a client to detach.
1.182 ! jmc 257: .It \&[
1.171 nicm 258: Enter copy mode to copy text or view the history.
1.182 ! jmc 259: .It \&]
1.171 nicm 260: Paste the most recently copied buffer of text.
1.64 nicm 261: .It c
1.65 nicm 262: Create a new window.
1.64 nicm 263: .It d
1.65 nicm 264: Detach the current client.
1.171 nicm 265: .It f
266: Prompt to search for text in open windows.
267: .It i
268: Display some information about the current window.
1.64 nicm 269: .It l
1.65 nicm 270: Move to the previously selected window.
1.64 nicm 271: .It n
1.65 nicm 272: Change to the next window.
1.171 nicm 273: .It o
274: Select the next pane in the current window.
1.64 nicm 275: .It p
1.65 nicm 276: Change to the previous window.
1.171 nicm 277: .It q
278: Briefly display pane indexes.
279: .It r
280: Force redraw of the attached client.
281: .It s
282: Select a new session for the attached client interactively.
283: .It t
284: Show the time.
285: .It w
286: Choose the current window interactively.
287: .It x
288: Kill the current pane.
289: .It {
290: Swap the current pane with the previous pane.
291: .It }
292: Swap the current pane with the next pane.
293: .It ~
294: Show previous messages from
295: .Nm ,
296: if any.
297: .It Page Up
298: Enter copy mode and scroll one page up.
299: .It Up, Down
300: .It Left, Right
301: Change to the pane above, below, to the left, or to the right of the current
302: pane.
303: .It M-1 to M-5
304: Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts: even-horizontal,
305: even-vertical, main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.
306: .It M-n
307: Move to the next window with a bell or activity marker.
308: .It M-o
309: Rotate the panes in the current window backwards.
310: .It M-p
311: Move to the previous window with a bell or activity marker.
312: .It C-Up, C-Down
313: .It C-Left, C-Right
314: Resize the current pane in steps of one cell.
315: .It M-Up, M-Down
316: .It M-Left, M-Right
317: Resize the current pane in steps of five cells.
1.64 nicm 318: .El
319: .Pp
320: Key bindings may be changed with the
321: .Ic bind-key
322: and
323: .Ic unbind-key
324: commands.
1.57 jmc 325: .Sh COMMANDS
326: This section contains a list of the commands supported by
327: .Nm .
328: Most commands accept the optional
329: .Fl t
330: argument with one of
331: .Ar target-client ,
332: .Ar target-session
333: .Ar target-window ,
334: or
335: .Ar target-pane .
336: These specify the client, session, window or pane which a command should affect.
337: .Ar target-client
338: is the name of the
339: .Xr pty 4
340: file to which the client is connected, for example either of
341: .Pa /dev/ttyp1
342: or
343: .Pa ttyp1
344: for the client attached to
345: .Pa /dev/ttyp1 .
346: If no client is specified, the current client is chosen, if possible, or an
347: error is reported.
348: Clients may be listed with the
349: .Ic list-clients
350: command.
1.1 nicm 351: .Pp
1.57 jmc 352: .Ar target-session
353: is either the name of a session (as listed by the
354: .Ic list-sessions
355: command) or the name of a client with the same syntax as
356: .Ar target-client ,
357: in which case the session attached to the client is used.
358: When looking for the session name,
359: .Nm
360: initially searches for an exact match; if none is found, the session names
361: are checked for any for which
362: .Ar target-session
363: is a prefix or for which it matches as an
364: .Xr fnmatch 3
365: pattern.
366: If a single match is found, it is used as the target session; multiple matches
367: produce an error.
368: If a session is omitted, the current session is used if available; if no
1.117 nicm 369: current session is available, the most recently used is chosen.
1.1 nicm 370: .Pp
1.57 jmc 371: .Ar target-window
372: specifies a window in the form
373: .Em session Ns \&: Ns Em window .
374: .Em session
375: follows the same rules as for
376: .Ar target-session ,
377: and
378: .Em window
379: is looked for in order: as a window index, for example mysession:1; as an exact
380: window name, such as mysession:mywindow; then as an
381: .Xr fnmatch 3
382: pattern or the start of a window name, such as mysession:mywin* or
383: mysession:mywin.
384: An empty window name specifies the next unused index if appropriate (for
385: example the
386: .Ic new-window
387: and
388: .Ic link-window
389: commands)
390: otherwise the current window in
391: .Em session
392: is chosen.
1.140 nicm 393: The special character
394: .Ql \&!
395: uses the last (previously current) window, or
396: .Ql +
397: and
398: .Ql -
399: are the next window or the previous window by number.
1.57 jmc 400: When the argument does not contain a colon,
401: .Nm
402: first attempts to parse it as window; if that fails, an attempt is made to
403: match a session.
1.1 nicm 404: .Pp
1.57 jmc 405: .Ar target-pane
406: takes a similar form to
407: .Ar target-window
408: but with the optional addition of a period followed by a pane index, for
409: example: mysession:mywindow.1.
410: If the pane index is omitted, the currently active pane in the specified
411: window is used.
412: If neither a colon nor period appears,
1.13 nicm 413: .Nm
1.57 jmc 414: first attempts to use the argument as a pane index; if that fails, it is looked
415: up as for
416: .Ar target-window .
1.156 nicm 417: A
418: .Ql +
419: or
420: .Ql -
421: indicate the next or previous pane index, respectively.
1.132 nicm 422: One of the strings
423: .Em top ,
424: .Em bottom ,
425: .Em left ,
426: .Em right ,
427: .Em top-left ,
428: .Em top-right ,
429: .Em bottom-left or
430: .Em bottom-right
431: may be used instead of a pane index.
1.177 nicm 432: .Pp
433: The special characters
434: .Ql +
435: and
436: .Ql -
437: may be followed by an offset, for example:
438: .Bd -literal -offset indent
439: select-window -t:+2
440: .Ed
441: .Pp
442: When dealing with a session that doesn't contain sequential window indexes,
443: they will be correctly skipped.
1.15 jmc 444: .Pp
1.153 nicm 445: .Ar shell-command
446: arguments are
447: .Xr sh 1
448: commands.
449: These must be passed as a single item, which typically means quoting them, for
450: example:
451: .Bd -literal -offset indent
452: new-window 'vi /etc/passwd'
453: .Ed
454: .Pp
455: .Ar command
456: .Op Ar arguments
457: refers to a
458: .Nm
459: command, passed with the command and arguments separately, for example:
460: .Bd -literal -offset indent
461: bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81
462: .Ed
463: .Pp
464: Or if using
465: .Xr sh 1 :
466: .Bd -literal -offset indent
467: $ tmux bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81
468: .Ed
469: .Pp
1.57 jmc 470: Multiple commands may be specified together as part of a
471: .Em command sequence .
472: Each command should be separated by spaces and a semicolon;
473: commands are executed sequentially from left to right.
474: A literal semicolon may be included by escaping it with a backslash (for
475: example, when specifying a command sequence to
476: .Ic bind-key ) .
1.13 nicm 477: .Pp
1.153 nicm 478: Example
479: .Nm
480: commands include:
1.13 nicm 481: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.57 jmc 482: refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2
483:
484: rename-session -tfirst newname
485:
486: set-window-option -t:0 monitor-activity on
487:
488: new-window ; split-window -d
1.13 nicm 489: .Ed
1.153 nicm 490: .Pp
491: Or from
492: .Xr sh 1 :
493: .Bd -literal -offset indent
494: $ tmux kill-window -t :1
495:
1.159 jmc 496: $ tmux new-window \e; split-window -d
1.153 nicm 497:
1.159 jmc 498: $ tmux new-session -d 'vi /etc/passwd' \e; split-window -d \e; attach
1.153 nicm 499: .Ed
1.57 jmc 500: .Sh CLIENTS AND SESSIONS
1.153 nicm 501: The
502: .Nm
503: server manages clients, sessions, windows and panes.
504: Clients are attached to sessions to interact with them, either
505: when they are created with the
506: .Ic new-session
507: command, or later with the
508: .Ic attach-session
509: command.
510: Each session has one of more windows
511: .Em linked
512: into it.
513: Windows may be linked to multiple sessions and are made up of one or
514: more panes,
515: each of which contains a pseudo terminal.
516: Commands for creating, linking and otherwise manipulating windows
517: are covered
518: in the
519: .Sx WINDOWS AND PANES
520: section.
521: .Pp
522: The following commands are available to manage clients and sessions:
1.57 jmc 523: .Bl -tag -width Ds
524: .It Xo Ic attach-session
1.148 nicm 525: .Op Fl dr
1.57 jmc 526: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
527: .Xc
528: .D1 (alias: Ic attach )
529: If run from outside
530: .Nm ,
531: create a new client in the current terminal and attach it to
532: .Ar target-session .
533: If used from inside, switch the current client.
534: If
535: .Fl d
536: is specified, any other clients attached to the session are detached.
1.148 nicm 537: .Fl r
538: signifies the client is read-only (only keys bound to the
539: .Ic detach-client
540: command have any effect)
1.13 nicm 541: .Pp
1.57 jmc 542: If no server is started,
543: .Ic attach-session
544: will attempt to start it; this will fail unless sessions are created in the
545: configuration file.
546: .It Ic detach-client Op Fl t Ar target-client
547: .D1 (alias: Ic detach )
548: Detach the current client if bound to a key, or the specified client with
549: .Fl t .
550: .It Ic has-session Op Fl t Ar target-session
551: .D1 (alias: Ic has )
552: Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session does not exist.
553: If it does exist, exit with 0.
554: .It Ic kill-server
555: Kill the
1.1 nicm 556: .Nm
1.57 jmc 557: server and clients and destroy all sessions.
558: .It Ic kill-session Op Fl t Ar target-session
559: Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it and no other
560: sessions, and detaching all clients attached to it.
561: .It Ic list-clients
562: .D1 (alias: Ic lsc )
563: List all clients attached to the server.
564: .It Ic list-commands
565: .D1 (alias: Ic lscm )
566: List the syntax of all commands supported by
567: .Nm .
568: .It Ic list-sessions
569: .D1 (alias: Ic ls )
570: List all sessions managed by the server.
1.175 nicm 571: .It Ic lock-client Op Fl t Ar target-client
572: .D1 (alias: Ic lockc )
1.92 nicm 573: Lock
574: .Ar target-client ,
575: see the
576: .Ic lock-server
577: command.
1.175 nicm 578: .It Ic lock-session Op Fl t Ar target-session
579: .D1 (alias: Ic locks )
1.92 nicm 580: Lock all clients attached to
581: .Ar target-session .
1.57 jmc 582: .It Xo Ic new-session
583: .Op Fl d
584: .Op Fl n Ar window-name
585: .Op Fl s Ar session-name
1.101 nicm 586: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1.153 nicm 587: .Op Ar shell-command
1.57 jmc 588: .Xc
589: .D1 (alias: Ic new )
590: Create a new session with name
591: .Ar session-name .
1.153 nicm 592: .Pp
1.57 jmc 593: The new session is attached to the current terminal unless
594: .Fl d
595: is given.
596: .Ar window-name
1.1 nicm 597: and
1.153 nicm 598: .Ar shell-command
599: are the name of and shell command to execute in the initial window.
1.68 nicm 600: .Pp
601: If run from a terminal, any
602: .Xr termios 4
603: special characters are saved and used for new windows in the new session.
1.101 nicm 604: .Pp
605: If
606: .Fl t
607: is given, the new session is
608: .Em grouped
609: with
610: .Ar target-session .
611: This means they share the same set of windows - all windows from
612: .Ar target-session
613: are linked to the new session and any subsequent new windows or windows being
614: closed are applied to both sessions.
615: The current and previous window and any session options remain independent and
616: either session may be killed without affecting the other.
617: Giving
618: .Fl n
619: or
1.153 nicm 620: .Ar shell-command
1.101 nicm 621: are invalid if
622: .Fl t
623: is used.
1.57 jmc 624: .It Ic refresh-client Op Fl t Ar target-client
625: .D1 (alias: Ic refresh )
626: Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single client if one is given
627: with
628: .Fl t .
629: .It Xo Ic rename-session
630: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
631: .Ar new-name
632: .Xc
633: .D1 (alias: Ic rename )
634: Rename the session to
635: .Ar new-name .
1.121 nicm 636: .It Xo Ic show-messages
1.120 nicm 637: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
638: .Xc
639: .D1 (alias: Ic showmsgs )
640: Any messages displayed on the status line are saved in a per-client message
641: log, up to a maximum of the limit set by the
642: .Ar message-limit
643: session option for the session attached to that client.
644: This command displays the log for
645: .Ar target-client .
1.57 jmc 646: .It Ic source-file Ar path
647: .D1 (alias: Ic source )
648: Execute commands from
649: .Ar path .
650: .It Ic start-server
651: .D1 (alias: Ic start )
652: Start the
1.1 nicm 653: .Nm
1.57 jmc 654: server, if not already running, without creating any sessions.
655: .It Xo Ic suspend-client
656: .Op Fl c Ar target-client
657: .Xc
658: .D1 (alias: Ic suspendc )
659: Suspend a client by sending
660: .Dv SIGTSTP
661: (tty stop).
662: .It Xo Ic switch-client
663: .Op Fl c Ar target-client
664: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
665: .Xc
666: .D1 (alias: Ic switchc )
667: Switch the current session for client
668: .Ar target-client
669: to
670: .Ar target-session .
671: .El
672: .Sh WINDOWS AND PANES
1.1 nicm 673: A
674: .Nm
675: window may be in one of several modes.
676: The default permits direct access to the terminal attached to the window.
1.164 nicm 677: The other is copy mode, which permits a section of a window or its
678: history to be copied to a
1.1 nicm 679: .Em paste buffer
680: for later insertion into another window.
681: This mode is entered with the
682: .Ic copy-mode
683: command, bound to
1.113 nicm 684: .Ql \&[
1.1 nicm 685: by default.
1.164 nicm 686: It is also entered when a command that produces output, such as
687: .Ic list-keys ,
688: is executed from a key binding.
1.1 nicm 689: .Pp
1.6 jmc 690: The keys available depend on whether emacs or vi mode is selected
691: (see the
1.1 nicm 692: .Ic mode-keys
693: option).
694: The following keys are supported as appropriate for the mode:
1.157 nicm 695: .Bl -column "FunctionXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "viXXXXXXXXXX" "emacs" -offset indent
1.1 nicm 696: .It Sy "Function" Ta Sy "vi" Ta Sy "emacs"
1.27 nicm 697: .It Li "Back to indentation" Ta "^" Ta "M-m"
1.142 nicm 698: .It Li "Bottom of history" Ta "G" Ta "M-<"
1.1 nicm 699: .It Li "Clear selection" Ta "Escape" Ta "C-g"
700: .It Li "Copy selection" Ta "Enter" Ta "M-w"
701: .It Li "Cursor down" Ta "j" Ta "Down"
1.70 nicm 702: .It Li "Cursor left" Ta "h" Ta "Left"
703: .It Li "Cursor right" Ta "l" Ta "Right"
1.116 nicm 704: .It Li "Cursor to bottom line" Ta "L" Ta ""
705: .It Li "Cursor to middle line" Ta "M" Ta "M-r"
706: .It Li "Cursor to top line" Ta "H" Ta "M-R"
1.70 nicm 707: .It Li "Cursor up" Ta "k" Ta "Up"
1.71 nicm 708: .It Li "Delete entire line" Ta "d" Ta "C-u"
1.70 nicm 709: .It Li "Delete to end of line" Ta "D" Ta "C-k"
1.1 nicm 710: .It Li "End of line" Ta "$" Ta "C-e"
1.142 nicm 711: .It Li "Go to line" Ta ":" Ta "g"
1.116 nicm 712: .It Li "Half page down" Ta "C-d" Ta "M-Down"
713: .It Li "Half page up" Ta "C-u" Ta "M-Up"
1.157 nicm 714: .It Li "Jump forward" Ta "f" Ta "f"
715: .It Li "Jump backward" Ta "F" Ta "F"
716: .It Li "Jump again" Ta ";" Ta ";"
717: .It Li "Jump again in reverse" Ta "," Ta ","
1.1 nicm 718: .It Li "Next page" Ta "C-f" Ta "Page down"
1.146 nicm 719: .It Li "Next space" Ta "W" Ta ""
720: .It Li "Next space, end of word" Ta "E" Ta ""
1.143 nicm 721: .It Li "Next word" Ta "w" Ta ""
722: .It Li "Next word end" Ta "e" Ta "M-f"
1.70 nicm 723: .It Li "Paste buffer" Ta "p" Ta "C-y"
1.116 nicm 724: .It Li "Previous page" Ta "C-b" Ta "Page up"
1.1 nicm 725: .It Li "Previous word" Ta "b" Ta "M-b"
1.146 nicm 726: .It Li "Previous space" Ta "B" Ta ""
1.1 nicm 727: .It Li "Quit mode" Ta "q" Ta "Escape"
1.147 nicm 728: .It Li "Rectangle toggle" Ta "v" Ta "R"
1.141 nicm 729: .It Li "Scroll down" Ta "C-Down or C-e" Ta "C-Down"
730: .It Li "Scroll up" Ta "C-Up or C-y" Ta "C-Up"
1.70 nicm 731: .It Li "Search again" Ta "n" Ta "n"
1.152 nicm 732: .It Li "Search again in reverse" Ta "N" Ta "N"
1.70 nicm 733: .It Li "Search backward" Ta "?" Ta "C-r"
734: .It Li "Search forward" Ta "/" Ta "C-s"
735: .It Li "Start of line" Ta "0" Ta "C-a"
1.1 nicm 736: .It Li "Start selection" Ta "Space" Ta "C-Space"
1.142 nicm 737: .It Li "Top of history" Ta "g" Ta "M->"
1.80 nicm 738: .It Li "Transpose chars" Ta "" Ta "C-t"
1.1 nicm 739: .El
1.146 nicm 740: .Pp
741: The next and previous word keys use space and the
742: .Ql - ,
1.154 nicm 743: .Ql _
1.146 nicm 744: and
745: .Ql @
1.154 nicm 746: characters as word delimiters by default, but this can be adjusted by
747: setting the
748: .Em word-separators
749: window option.
1.146 nicm 750: Next word moves to the start of the next word, next word end to the end of the
751: next word and previous word to the start of the previous word.
752: The three next and previous space keys work similarly but use a space alone as
753: the word separator.
1.157 nicm 754: .Pp
755: The jump commands enable quick movement within a line.
756: For instance, typing
757: .Ql f
758: followed by
759: .Ql /
760: will move the cursor to the next
761: .Ql /
762: character on the current line.
763: A
764: .Ql \&;
765: will then jump to the next occurrence.
1.1 nicm 766: .Pp
1.155 nicm 767: Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count.
768: With vi key bindings, a prefix is entered using the number keys; with
769: emacs, the Alt (meta) key and a number begins prefix entry.
770: For example, to move the cursor forward by ten words, use
771: .Ql M-1 0 M-f
772: in emacs mode, and
773: .Ql 10w
774: in vi.
775: .Pp
776: Mode key bindings are defined in a set of named tables:
1.48 nicm 777: .Em vi-edit
778: and
779: .Em emacs-edit
780: for keys used when line editing at the command prompt;
781: .Em vi-choice
782: and
783: .Em emacs-choice
784: for keys used when choosing from lists (such as produced by the
1.144 nicm 785: .Ic choose-window
1.164 nicm 786: command); and
1.48 nicm 787: .Em vi-copy
788: and
789: .Em emacs-copy
1.97 nicm 790: used in copy mode.
1.48 nicm 791: The tables may be viewed with the
792: .Ic list-keys
1.49 nicm 793: command and keys modified or removed with
794: .Ic bind-key
795: and
796: .Ic unbind-key .
1.48 nicm 797: .Pp
1.2 nicm 798: The paste buffer key pastes the first line from the top paste buffer on the
799: stack.
1.57 jmc 800: .Pp
1.164 nicm 801: The synopsis for the
802: .Ic copy-mode
803: command is:
1.57 jmc 804: .Bl -tag -width Ds
805: .It Xo Ic copy-mode
806: .Op Fl u
1.72 nicm 807: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1.57 jmc 808: .Xc
809: Enter copy mode.
810: The
811: .Fl u
812: option scrolls one page up.
813: .El
1.18 nicm 814: .Pp
1.1 nicm 815: Each window displayed by
816: .Nm
817: may be split into one or more
818: .Em panes ;
819: each pane takes up a certain area of the display and is a separate terminal.
820: A window may be split into panes using the
821: .Ic split-window
822: command.
1.38 nicm 823: Windows may be split horizontally (with the
824: .Fl h
825: flag) or vertically.
826: Panes may be resized with the
827: .Ic resize-pane
1.1 nicm 828: command (bound to
1.38 nicm 829: .Ql C-up ,
830: .Ql C-down
831: .Ql C-left
832: and
833: .Ql C-right
1.1 nicm 834: by default), the current pane may be changed with the
1.156 nicm 835: .Ic select-pane
836: command and the
1.1 nicm 837: .Ic rotate-window
838: and
839: .Ic swap-pane
1.38 nicm 840: commands may be used to swap panes without changing their position.
841: Panes are numbered beginning from zero in the order they are created.
842: .Pp
843: A number of preset
844: .Em layouts
845: are available.
846: These may be selected with the
847: .Ic select-layout
848: command or cycled with
849: .Ic next-layout
850: (bound to
1.149 nicm 851: .Ql Space
1.131 nicm 852: by default); once a layout is chosen, panes within it may be moved and resized
853: as normal.
1.1 nicm 854: .Pp
855: The following layouts are supported:
856: .Bl -tag -width Ds
857: .It Ic even-horizontal
858: Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the window.
859: .It Ic even-vertical
860: Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.
1.2 nicm 861: .It Ic main-horizontal
1.131 nicm 862: A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and the remaining panes
863: are spread from left to right in the leftover space at the bottom.
1.2 nicm 864: Use the
865: .Em main-pane-height
866: window option to specify the height of the top pane.
1.1 nicm 867: .It Ic main-vertical
1.2 nicm 868: Similar to
869: .Ic main-horizontal
870: but the large pane is placed on the left and the others spread from top to
871: bottom along the right.
872: See the
873: .Em main-pane-width
874: window option.
1.165 nicm 875: .It Ic tiled
876: Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over the window in both rows and
877: columns.
1.1 nicm 878: .El
1.8 nicm 879: .Pp
1.181 nicm 880: In addition,
881: .Ic select-layout
882: may be used to apply a previously used layout - the
883: .Ic list-windows
884: command displays the layout of each window in a form suitable for use with
885: .Ic select-layout .
886: For example:
887: .Bd -literal -offset indent
888: $ tmux list-windows
889: 0: ksh [159x48]
890: layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
891: $ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
892: .Ed
893: .Nm
894: automatically adjusts the size of the layout for the current window size.
895: Note that a layout cannot be applied to a window with more panes than that
896: from which the layout was originally defined.
897: .Pp
1.57 jmc 898: Commands related to windows and panes are as follows:
899: .Bl -tag -width Ds
900: .It Xo Ic break-pane
901: .Op Fl d
902: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
903: .Xc
904: .D1 (alias: Ic breakp )
905: Break
906: .Ar target-pane
907: off from its containing window to make it the only pane in a new window.
908: If
909: .Fl d
910: is given, the new window does not become the current window.
1.128 nicm 911: .It Xo Ic capture-pane
912: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
913: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
914: .Xc
915: .D1 (alias: Ic capturep )
916: Capture the contents of a pane to the specified buffer, or a new buffer if none
917: is specified.
1.76 nicm 918: .It Xo
919: .Ic choose-client
920: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
921: .Op Ar template
922: .Xc
923: Put a window into client choice mode, allowing a client to be selected
924: interactively from a list.
925: After a client is chosen,
926: .Ql %%
927: is replaced by the client
928: .Xr pty 4
929: path in
930: .Ar template
931: and the result executed as a command.
932: If
933: .Ar template
934: is not given, "detach-client -t '%%'" is used.
1.57 jmc 935: This command works only from inside
936: .Nm .
1.76 nicm 937: .It Xo
938: .Ic choose-session
939: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
940: .Op Ar template
941: .Xc
942: Put a window into session choice mode, where a session may be selected
943: interactively from a list.
944: When one is chosen,
945: .Ql %%
946: is replaced by the session name in
947: .Ar template
948: and the result executed as a command.
949: If
950: .Ar template
951: is not given, "switch-client -t '%%'" is used.
952: This command works only from inside
953: .Nm .
954: .It Xo
955: .Ic choose-window
956: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
957: .Op Ar template
958: .Xc
959: Put a window into window choice mode, where a window may be chosen
960: interactively from a list.
961: After a window is selected,
962: .Ql %%
963: is replaced by the session name and window index in
964: .Ar template
965: and the result executed as a command.
966: If
967: .Ar template
968: is not given, "select-window -t '%%'" is used.
1.57 jmc 969: This command works only from inside
970: .Nm .
1.78 nicm 971: .It Ic display-panes Op Fl t Ar target-client
972: .D1 (alias: Ic displayp)
973: Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by
974: .Ar target-client .
975: See the
1.145 nicm 976: .Ic display-panes-time ,
977: .Ic display-panes-colour ,
1.78 nicm 978: and
1.145 nicm 979: .Ic display-panes-active-colour
1.78 nicm 980: session options.
1.84 nicm 981: While the indicator is on screen, a pane may be selected with the
982: .Ql 0
983: to
984: .Ql 9
985: keys.
1.57 jmc 986: .It Xo Ic find-window
987: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
988: .Ar match-string
989: .Xc
990: .D1 (alias: Ic findw )
991: Search for the
992: .Xr fnmatch 3
993: pattern
994: .Ar match-string
995: in window names, titles, and visible content (but not history).
996: If only one window is matched, it'll be automatically selected, otherwise a
997: choice list is shown.
998: This command only works from inside
1.1 nicm 999: .Nm .
1.137 nicm 1000: .It Xo Ic join-pane
1001: .Op Fl dhv
1002: .Oo Fl l
1003: .Ar size |
1004: .Fl p Ar percentage Oc
1005: .Op Fl s Ar src-pane
1006: .Op Fl t Ar dst-pane
1007: .Xc
1008: .D1 (alias: Ic joinp )
1009: Like
1010: .Ic split-window ,
1011: but instead of splitting
1012: .Ar dst-pane
1013: and creating a new pane, split it and move
1014: .Ar src-pane
1015: into the space.
1016: This can be used to reverse
1017: .Ic break-pane .
1.112 nicm 1018: .It Xo Ic kill-pane
1019: .Op Fl a
1020: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1021: .Xc
1.57 jmc 1022: .D1 (alias: Ic killp )
1023: Destroy the given pane.
1024: If no panes remain in the containing window, it is also destroyed.
1.112 nicm 1025: The
1026: .Fl a
1027: option kills all but the pane given with
1028: .Fl t .
1.57 jmc 1029: .It Ic kill-window Op Fl t Ar target-window
1030: .D1 (alias: Ic killw )
1031: Kill the current window or the window at
1032: .Ar target-window ,
1.1 nicm 1033: removing it from any sessions to which it is linked.
1.56 jmc 1034: .It Ic last-window Op Fl t Ar target-session
1.1 nicm 1035: .D1 (alias: Ic last )
1036: Select the last (previously selected) window.
1037: If no
1038: .Ar target-session
1039: is specified, select the last window of the current session.
1040: .It Xo Ic link-window
1041: .Op Fl dk
1042: .Op Fl s Ar src-window
1043: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
1044: .Xc
1045: .D1 (alias: Ic linkw )
1046: Link the window at
1047: .Ar src-window
1048: to the specified
1049: .Ar dst-window .
1050: If
1051: .Ar dst-window
1052: is specified and no such window exists, the
1053: .Ar src-window
1054: is linked there.
1055: If
1056: .Fl k
1057: is given and
1058: .Ar dst-window
1059: exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is generated.
1060: If
1061: .Fl d
1062: is given, the newly linked window is not selected.
1.104 nicm 1063: .It Ic list-panes Op Fl t Ar target-window
1064: .D1 (alias: Ic lsp )
1065: List the panes in the current window or in
1066: .Ar target-window .
1.56 jmc 1067: .It Ic list-windows Op Fl t Ar target-session
1.1 nicm 1068: .D1 (alias: Ic lsw )
1069: List windows in the current session or in
1070: .Ar target-session .
1071: .It Xo Ic move-window
1.175 nicm 1072: .Op Fl dk
1.1 nicm 1073: .Op Fl s Ar src-window
1074: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
1075: .Xc
1076: .D1 (alias: Ic movew )
1077: This is similar to
1078: .Ic link-window ,
1079: except the window at
1080: .Ar src-window
1081: is moved to
1082: .Ar dst-window .
1083: .It Xo Ic new-window
1.160 nicm 1084: .Op Fl adk
1.1 nicm 1085: .Op Fl n Ar window-name
1086: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1.153 nicm 1087: .Op Ar shell-command
1.1 nicm 1088: .Xc
1089: .D1 (alias: Ic neww )
1090: Create a new window.
1.160 nicm 1091: With
1092: .Fl a ,
1093: the new window is inserted at the next index up from the specified
1094: .Ar target-window ,
1095: moving windows up if necessary,
1096: otherwise
1097: .Ar target-window
1098: is the new window location.
1099: .Pp
1.1 nicm 1100: If
1101: .Fl d
1102: is given, the session does not make the new window the current window.
1103: .Ar target-window
1.28 nicm 1104: represents the window to be created; if the target already exists an error is
1105: shown, unless the
1106: .Fl k
1107: flag is used, in which case it is destroyed.
1.153 nicm 1108: .Ar shell-command
1.1 nicm 1109: is the command to execute.
1110: If
1.153 nicm 1111: .Ar shell-command
1112: is not specified, the value of the
1113: .Ic default-command
1114: option is used.
1115: .Pp
1116: When the shell command completes, the window closes.
1117: See the
1118: .Ic remain-on-exit
1119: option to change this behaviour.
1.1 nicm 1120: .Pp
1121: The
1122: .Ev TERM
1123: environment variable must be set to
1124: .Dq screen
1125: for all programs running
1126: .Em inside
1127: .Nm .
1128: New windows will automatically have
1129: .Dq TERM=screen
1130: added to their environment, but care must be taken not to reset this in shell
1131: start-up files.
1.56 jmc 1132: .It Ic next-layout Op Fl t Ar target-window
1.1 nicm 1133: .D1 (alias: Ic nextl )
1134: Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to fit.
1135: .It Xo Ic next-window
1.9 nicm 1136: .Op Fl a
1.1 nicm 1137: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1138: .Xc
1139: .D1 (alias: Ic next )
1140: Move to the next window in the session.
1.9 nicm 1141: If
1.12 jmc 1142: .Fl a
1.9 nicm 1143: is used, move to the next window with a bell, activity or content alert.
1.107 nicm 1144: .It Xo Ic pipe-pane
1145: .Op Fl o
1146: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1.153 nicm 1147: .Op Ar shell-command
1.107 nicm 1148: .Xc
1149: .D1 (alias: Ic pipep )
1150: Pipe any output sent by the program in
1151: .Ar target-pane
1152: to a shell command.
1153: A pane may only be piped to one command at a time, any existing pipe is
1154: closed before
1.153 nicm 1155: .Ar shell-command
1.107 nicm 1156: is executed.
1.174 nicm 1157: The
1158: .Ar shell-command
1159: string may contain the special character sequences supported by the
1160: .Ic status-left
1161: command.
1.107 nicm 1162: If no
1.153 nicm 1163: .Ar shell-command
1.107 nicm 1164: is given, the current pipe (if any) is closed.
1165: .Pp
1166: The
1167: .Fl o
1168: option only opens a new pipe if no previous pipe exists, allowing a pipe to
1169: be toggled with a single key, for example:
1170: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.174 nicm 1171: bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P'
1.107 nicm 1172: .Ed
1.176 nicm 1173: .It Xo Ic previous-layout
1174: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1175: .Xc
1176: .D1 (alias: Ic prevl )
1177: Move to the previous layout in the session.
1.1 nicm 1178: .It Xo Ic previous-window
1.9 nicm 1179: .Op Fl a
1.1 nicm 1180: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1181: .Xc
1182: .D1 (alias: Ic prev )
1183: Move to the previous window in the session.
1.9 nicm 1184: With
1185: .Fl a ,
1186: move to the previous window with a bell, activity or content alert.
1.1 nicm 1187: .It Xo Ic rename-window
1188: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1189: .Ar new-name
1190: .Xc
1191: .D1 (alias: Ic renamew )
1192: Rename the current window, or the window at
1193: .Ar target-window
1194: if specified, to
1195: .Ar new-name .
1196: .It Xo Ic resize-pane
1.39 jmc 1197: .Op Fl DLRU
1.52 nicm 1198: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1.1 nicm 1199: .Op Ar adjustment
1200: .Xc
1201: .D1 (alias: Ic resizep )
1.57 jmc 1202: Resize a pane, upward with
1203: .Fl U
1204: (the default), downward with
1205: .Fl D ,
1206: to the left with
1207: .Fl L
1208: and to the right with
1209: .Fl R .
1210: The
1211: .Ar adjustment
1212: is given in lines or cells (the default is 1).
1213: .It Xo Ic respawn-window
1214: .Op Fl k
1215: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1.153 nicm 1216: .Op Ar shell-command
1.57 jmc 1217: .Xc
1218: .D1 (alias: Ic respawnw )
1.153 nicm 1219: Reactivate a window in which the command has exited (see the
1.57 jmc 1220: .Ic remain-on-exit
1221: window option).
1222: If
1.153 nicm 1223: .Ar shell-command
1.57 jmc 1224: is not given, the command used when the window was created is executed.
1225: The window must be already inactive, unless
1226: .Fl k
1227: is given, in which case any existing command is killed.
1228: .It Xo Ic rotate-window
1229: .Op Fl DU
1230: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1231: .Xc
1232: .D1 (alias: Ic rotatew )
1233: Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either upward (numerically
1234: lower) with
1235: .Fl U
1236: or downward (numerically higher).
1237: .It Xo Ic select-layout
1238: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1239: .Op Ar layout-name
1240: .Xc
1.176 nicm 1241: .D1 (alias: Ic selectl )
1.57 jmc 1242: Choose a specific layout for a window.
1243: If
1244: .Ar layout-name
1.181 nicm 1245: is not given, the last preset layout used (if any) is reapplied.
1.156 nicm 1246: .It Xo Ic select-pane
1247: .Op Fl DLRU
1248: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1249: .Xc
1.57 jmc 1250: .D1 (alias: Ic selectp )
1251: Make pane
1252: .Ar target-pane
1253: the active pane in window
1254: .Ar target-window .
1.156 nicm 1255: If one of
1256: .Fl D ,
1257: .Fl L ,
1258: .Fl R ,
1259: or
1260: .Fl U
1261: is used, respectively the pane below, to the left, to the right, or above the
1262: target pane is used.
1.57 jmc 1263: .It Ic select-window Op Fl t Ar target-window
1264: .D1 (alias: Ic selectw )
1265: Select the window at
1266: .Ar target-window .
1267: .It Xo Ic split-window
1268: .Op Fl dhv
1269: .Oo Fl l
1270: .Ar size |
1271: .Fl p Ar percentage Oc
1.136 nicm 1272: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1.153 nicm 1273: .Op Ar shell-command
1.57 jmc 1274: .Xc
1.176 nicm 1275: .D1 (alias: Ic splitw )
1.136 nicm 1276: Create a new pane by splitting
1277: .Ar target-pane :
1.57 jmc 1278: .Fl h
1279: does a horizontal split and
1280: .Fl v
1281: a vertical split; if neither is specified,
1282: .Fl v
1283: is assumed.
1284: The
1285: .Fl l
1286: and
1287: .Fl p
1.136 nicm 1288: options specify the size of the new pane in lines (for vertical split) or in
1.57 jmc 1289: cells (for horizontal split), or as a percentage, respectively.
1.136 nicm 1290: All other options have the same meaning as for the
1.57 jmc 1291: .Ic new-window
1292: command.
1293: .It Xo Ic swap-pane
1294: .Op Fl dDU
1295: .Op Fl s Ar src-pane
1296: .Op Fl t Ar dst-pane
1297: .Xc
1298: .D1 (alias: Ic swapp )
1299: Swap two panes.
1300: If
1301: .Fl U
1302: is used and no source pane is specified with
1303: .Fl s ,
1304: .Ar dst-pane
1305: is swapped with the previous pane (before it numerically);
1306: .Fl D
1307: swaps with the next pane (after it numerically).
1.138 nicm 1308: .Fl d
1309: instructs
1310: .Nm
1311: not to change the active pane.
1.57 jmc 1312: .It Xo Ic swap-window
1313: .Op Fl d
1314: .Op Fl s Ar src-window
1315: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
1316: .Xc
1317: .D1 (alias: Ic swapw )
1318: This is similar to
1319: .Ic link-window ,
1320: except the source and destination windows are swapped.
1321: It is an error if no window exists at
1322: .Ar src-window .
1323: .It Xo Ic unlink-window
1.1 nicm 1324: .Op Fl k
1325: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1326: .Xc
1.57 jmc 1327: .D1 (alias: Ic unlinkw )
1328: Unlink
1329: .Ar target-window .
1330: Unless
1331: .Fl k
1332: is given, a window may be unlinked only if it is linked to multiple sessions -
1333: windows may not be linked to no sessions;
1334: if
1.1 nicm 1335: .Fl k
1.57 jmc 1336: is specified and the window is linked to only one session, it is unlinked and
1337: destroyed.
1338: .El
1339: .Sh KEY BINDINGS
1.93 nicm 1340: .Nm
1341: allows a command to be bound to most keys, with or without a prefix key.
1342: When specifying keys, most represent themselves (for example
1343: .Ql A
1344: to
1.95 jmc 1345: .Ql Z ) .
1.93 nicm 1346: Ctrl keys may be prefixed with
1347: .Ql C-
1348: or
1.95 jmc 1349: .Ql ^ ,
1350: and Alt (meta) with
1.93 nicm 1351: .Ql M- .
1352: In addition, the following special key names are accepted:
1.126 nicm 1353: .Em Up ,
1354: .Em Down ,
1355: .Em Left ,
1356: .Em Right ,
1.93 nicm 1357: .Em BSpace ,
1358: .Em BTab ,
1359: .Em DC
1360: (Delete),
1361: .Em End ,
1362: .Em Enter ,
1363: .Em Escape ,
1364: .Em F1
1365: to
1366: .Em F20 ,
1367: .Em Home ,
1368: .Em IC
1369: (Insert),
1370: .Em NPage
1371: (Page Up),
1372: .Em PPage
1373: (Page Down),
1374: .Em Space ,
1375: and
1376: .Em Tab .
1377: Note that to bind the
1378: .Ql \&"
1379: or
1380: .Ql '
1381: keys, quotation marks are necessary, for example:
1382: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1383: bind-key '"' split-window
1.167 nicm 1384: bind-key "'" new-window
1.93 nicm 1385: .Ed
1386: .Pp
1.57 jmc 1387: Commands related to key bindings are as follows:
1388: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1389: .It Xo Ic bind-key
1390: .Op Fl cnr
1391: .Op Fl t Ar key-table
1392: .Ar key Ar command Op Ar arguments
1.1 nicm 1393: .Xc
1.57 jmc 1394: .D1 (alias: Ic bind )
1395: Bind key
1396: .Ar key
1397: to
1398: .Ar command .
1399: By default (without
1400: .Fl t )
1401: the primary key bindings are modified (those normally activated with the prefix
1402: key); in this case, if
1403: .Fl n
1404: is specified, it is not necessary to use the prefix key,
1405: .Ar command
1406: is bound to
1407: .Ar key
1408: alone.
1.1 nicm 1409: The
1.57 jmc 1410: .Fl r
1411: flag indicates this key may repeat, see the
1412: .Ic repeat-time
1413: option.
1414: .Pp
1415: If
1416: .Fl t
1417: is present,
1418: .Ar key
1419: is bound in
1420: .Ar key-table :
1421: the binding for command mode with
1422: .Fl c
1423: or for normal mode without.
1424: To view the default bindings and possible commands, see the
1425: .Ic list-keys
1426: command.
1427: .It Ic list-keys Op Fl t Ar key-table
1428: .D1 (alias: Ic lsk )
1429: List all key bindings.
1430: Without
1431: .Fl t
1432: the primary key bindings - those executed when preceded by the prefix key -
1433: are printed.
1434: Keys bound without the prefix key (see
1435: .Ic bind-key
1436: .Fl n )
1.119 nicm 1437: are marked with
1438: .Ql (no prefix) .
1.57 jmc 1439: .Pp
1440: With
1441: .Fl t ,
1442: the key bindings in
1443: .Ar key-table
1444: are listed; this may be one of:
1445: .Em vi-edit ,
1446: .Em emacs-edit ,
1447: .Em vi-choice ,
1448: .Em emacs-choice ,
1449: .Em vi-copy
1450: or
1451: .Em emacs-copy .
1452: .It Xo Ic send-keys
1.72 nicm 1453: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1.57 jmc 1454: .Ar key Ar ...
1.1 nicm 1455: .Xc
1.57 jmc 1456: .D1 (alias: Ic send )
1457: Send a key or keys to a window.
1458: Each argument
1459: .Ar key
1460: is the name of the key (such as
1461: .Ql C-a
1462: or
1463: .Ql npage
1464: ) to send; if the string is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of
1465: characters.
1466: All arguments are sent sequentially from first to last.
1.72 nicm 1467: .It Ic send-prefix Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1.57 jmc 1468: Send the prefix key to a window as if it was pressed.
1.89 nicm 1469: If multiple prefix keys are configured, only the first is sent.
1.57 jmc 1470: .It Xo Ic unbind-key
1471: .Op Fl cn
1472: .Op Fl t Ar key-table
1473: .Ar key
1.2 nicm 1474: .Xc
1.57 jmc 1475: .D1 (alias: Ic unbind )
1476: Unbind the command bound to
1477: .Ar key .
1478: Without
1479: .Fl t
1480: the primary key bindings are modified; in this case, if
1481: .Fl n
1482: is specified, the command bound to
1483: .Ar key
1484: without a prefix (if any) is removed.
1485: .Pp
1.47 nicm 1486: If
1.57 jmc 1487: .Fl t
1488: is present,
1489: .Ar key
1490: in
1491: .Ar key-table
1492: is unbound: the binding for command mode with
1493: .Fl c
1494: or for normal mode without.
1495: .El
1496: .Sh OPTIONS
1497: The appearance and behaviour of
1498: .Nm
1499: may be modified by changing the value of various options.
1.133 nicm 1500: There are three types of option:
1501: .Em server options ,
1.57 jmc 1502: .Em session options
1503: and
1504: .Em window options .
1505: .Pp
1.133 nicm 1506: The
1507: .Nm
1508: server has a set of global options which do not apply to any particular
1509: window or session.
1510: These are altered with the
1511: .Ic set-option
1512: .Fl s
1513: command, or displayed with the
1514: .Ic show-options
1515: .Fl s
1516: command.
1517: .Pp
1518: In addition, each individual session may have a set of session options, and
1519: there is a separate set of global session options.
1.57 jmc 1520: Sessions which do not have a particular option configured inherit the value
1521: from the global session options.
1522: Session options are set or unset with the
1523: .Ic set-option
1524: command and may be listed with the
1525: .Ic show-options
1526: command.
1.133 nicm 1527: The available server and session options are listed under the
1.57 jmc 1528: .Ic set-option
1529: command.
1530: .Pp
1531: Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window, and there is
1532: a set of global window options from which any unset options are inherited.
1533: Window options are altered with the
1534: .Ic set-window-option
1535: command and can be listed with the
1536: .Ic show-window-options
1537: command.
1538: All window options are documented with the
1539: .Ic set-window-option
1540: command.
1541: .Pp
1542: Commands which set options are as follows:
1543: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.1 nicm 1544: .It Xo Ic set-option
1.133 nicm 1545: .Op Fl agsuw
1.129 nicm 1546: .Op Fl t Ar target-session | Ar target-window
1.1 nicm 1547: .Ar option Ar value
1548: .Xc
1549: .D1 (alias: Ic set )
1.133 nicm 1550: Set a window option with
1551: .Fl w
1552: (equivalent to the
1553: .Ic set-window-option
1554: command),
1555: a server option with
1556: .Fl s ,
1557: otherwise a session option.
1558: .Pp
1559: If
1560: .Fl g
1561: is specified, the global session or window option is set.
1.58 nicm 1562: With
1563: .Fl a ,
1564: and if the option expects a string,
1565: .Ar value
1566: is appended to the existing setting.
1.1 nicm 1567: The
1568: .Fl u
1569: flag unsets an option, so a session inherits the option from the global
1.133 nicm 1570: options.
1571: It is not possible to unset a global option.
1.1 nicm 1572: .Pp
1.133 nicm 1573: Available window options are listed under
1574: .Ic set-window-option .
1575: .Pp
1576: Available server options are:
1577: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.179 nicm 1578: .It Ic detach-on-destroy
1579: If on (the default), the client is detached when the session it is attached to
1580: is destroyed.
1581: If off, the client is switched to the most recently active of the remaining
1582: sessions.
1.134 nicm 1583: .It Ic escape-time
1584: Set the time in milliseconds for which
1585: .Nm
1586: waits after an escape is input to determine if it is part of a function or meta
1587: key sequences.
1588: The default is 500 milliseconds.
1.133 nicm 1589: .It Ic quiet
1.134 nicm 1590: Enable or disable the display of various informational messages (see also the
1.133 nicm 1591: .Fl q
1592: command line flag).
1593: .El
1.129 nicm 1594: .Pp
1.18 nicm 1595: Available session options are:
1.1 nicm 1596: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.69 nicm 1597: .It Ic base-index Ar index
1598: Set the base index from which an unused index should be searched when a new
1599: window is created.
1600: The default is zero.
1.1 nicm 1601: .It Xo Ic bell-action
1.56 jmc 1602: .Op Ic any | none | current
1.1 nicm 1603: .Xc
1604: Set action on window bell.
1605: .Ic any
1606: means a bell in any window linked to a session causes a bell in the current
1607: window of that session,
1608: .Ic none
1609: means all bells are ignored and
1610: .Ic current
1611: means only bell in windows other than the current window are ignored.
1612: .It Ic buffer-limit Ar number
1613: Set the number of buffers kept for each session; as new buffers are added to
1614: the top of the stack, old ones are removed from the bottom if necessary to
1615: maintain this maximum length.
1.153 nicm 1616: .It Ic default-command Ar shell-command
1.1 nicm 1617: Set the command used for new windows (if not specified when the window is
1618: created) to
1.153 nicm 1619: .Ar shell-command ,
1.79 nicm 1620: which may be any
1621: .Xr sh 1
1622: command.
1.19 nicm 1623: The default is an empty string, which instructs
1624: .Nm
1.79 nicm 1625: to create a login shell using the value of the
1626: .Ic default-shell
1627: option.
1628: .It Ic default-shell Ar path
1629: Specify the default shell.
1630: This is used as the login shell for new windows when the
1631: .Ic default-command
1632: option is set to empty, and must be the full path of the executable.
1633: When started
1634: .Nm
1635: tries to set a default value from the first suitable of the
1.19 nicm 1636: .Ev SHELL
1.79 nicm 1637: environment variable, the shell returned by
1638: .Xr getpwuid 3 ,
1639: or
1640: .Pa /bin/sh .
1641: This option should be configured when
1642: .Nm
1643: is used as a login shell.
1.1 nicm 1644: .It Ic default-path Ar path
1645: Set the default working directory for processes created from keys, or
1646: interactively from the prompt.
1.180 nicm 1647: The default is empty, which means to use the working directory of the shell
1648: from which the server was started if it is available or the user's home if not.
1.22 nicm 1649: .It Ic default-terminal Ar terminal
1650: Set the default terminal for new windows created in this session - the
1651: default value of the
1652: .Ev TERM
1653: environment variable.
1654: For
1655: .Nm
1656: to work correctly, this
1657: .Em must
1658: be set to
1659: .Ql screen
1660: or a derivative of it.
1.145 nicm 1661: .It Ic display-panes-active-colour Ar colour
1662: Set the colour used by the
1663: .Ic display-panes
1664: command to show the indicator for the active pane.
1.78 nicm 1665: .It Ic display-panes-colour Ar colour
1.145 nicm 1666: Set the colour used by the
1.78 nicm 1667: .Ic display-panes
1.145 nicm 1668: command to show the indicators for inactive panes.
1.78 nicm 1669: .It Ic display-panes-time Ar time
1670: Set the time in milliseconds for which the indicators shown by the
1671: .Ic display-panes
1672: command appear.
1.21 nicm 1673: .It Ic display-time Ar time
1.78 nicm 1674: Set the amount of time for which status line messages and other on-screen
1675: indicators are displayed.
1.21 nicm 1676: .Ar time
1677: is in milliseconds.
1.1 nicm 1678: .It Ic history-limit Ar lines
1679: Set the maximum number of lines held in window history.
1680: This setting applies only to new windows - existing window histories are not
1681: resized and retain the limit at the point they were created.
1682: .It Ic lock-after-time Ar number
1.100 nicm 1683: Lock the session (like the
1684: .Ic lock-session
1.90 nicm 1685: command) after
1.1 nicm 1686: .Ar number
1.100 nicm 1687: seconds of inactivity, or the entire server (all sessions) if the
1688: .Ic lock-server
1689: option is set.
1690: The default is not to lock (set to 0).
1.153 nicm 1691: .It Ic lock-command Ar shell-command
1.90 nicm 1692: Command to run when locking each client.
1693: The default is to run
1694: .Xr lock 1
1695: with
1696: .Fl np .
1.100 nicm 1697: .It Xo Ic lock-server
1698: .Op Ic on | off
1699: .Xc
1700: If this option is
1.102 nicm 1701: .Ic on
1.100 nicm 1702: (the default),
1703: instead of each session locking individually as each has been
1704: idle for
1.108 jmc 1705: .Ic lock-after-time ,
1706: the entire server will lock after
1.100 nicm 1707: .Em all
1708: sessions would have locked.
1709: This has no effect as a session option; it must be set as a global option.
1.1 nicm 1710: .It Ic message-attr Ar attributes
1711: Set status line message attributes, where
1712: .Ar attributes
1713: is either
1.168 nicm 1714: .Ic none
1.1 nicm 1715: or a comma-delimited list of one or more of:
1716: .Ic bright
1717: (or
1718: .Ic bold ) ,
1719: .Ic dim ,
1720: .Ic underscore ,
1721: .Ic blink ,
1722: .Ic reverse ,
1723: .Ic hidden ,
1724: or
1725: .Ic italics .
1726: .It Ic message-bg Ar colour
1727: Set status line message background colour, where
1728: .Ar colour
1729: is one of:
1730: .Ic black ,
1731: .Ic red ,
1732: .Ic green ,
1733: .Ic yellow ,
1734: .Ic blue ,
1735: .Ic magenta ,
1736: .Ic cyan ,
1.85 nicm 1737: .Ic white ,
1738: .Ic colour0
1739: to
1740: .Ic colour255
1741: from the 256-colour palette, or
1.1 nicm 1742: .Ic default .
1743: .It Ic message-fg Ar colour
1744: Set status line message foreground colour.
1.120 nicm 1745: .It Ic message-limit Ar number
1746: Set the number of error or information messages to save in the message log for
1747: each client.
1748: The default is 20.
1.102 nicm 1749: .It Xo Ic mouse-select-pane
1750: .Op Ic on | off
1751: .Xc
1752: If on,
1753: .Nm
1754: captures the mouse and when a window is split into multiple panes the mouse may
1755: be used to select the current pane.
1756: The mouse click is also passed through to the application as normal.
1.135 nicm 1757: .It Ic pane-border-fg Ar colour
1758: .It Ic pane-border-bg Ar colour
1759: Set the pane border colour for panes aside from the active pane.
1760: .It Ic pane-active-border-fg Ar colour
1761: .It Ic pane-active-border-bg Ar colour
1762: Set the pane border colour for the currently active pane.
1.89 nicm 1763: .It Ic prefix Ar keys
1764: Set the keys accepted as a prefix key.
1765: .Ar keys
1766: is a comma-separated list of key names, each of which individually behave as
1767: the prefix key.
1.21 nicm 1768: .It Ic repeat-time Ar time
1.1 nicm 1769: Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing the prefix-key again
1770: in the specified
1.21 nicm 1771: .Ar time
1.1 nicm 1772: milliseconds (the default is 500).
1773: Whether a key repeats may be set when it is bound using the
1774: .Fl r
1775: flag to
1776: .Ic bind-key .
1.52 nicm 1777: Repeat is enabled for the default keys bound to the
1778: .Ic resize-pane
1779: command.
1.1 nicm 1780: .It Xo Ic set-remain-on-exit
1.56 jmc 1781: .Op Ic on | off
1.1 nicm 1782: .Xc
1783: Set the
1784: .Ic remain-on-exit
1785: window option for any windows first created in this session.
1.153 nicm 1786: When this option is true, windows in which the running program has
1787: exited do not close, instead remaining open but inactivate.
1788: Use the
1789: .Ic respawn-window
1790: command to reactivate such a window, or the
1791: .Ic kill-window
1792: command to destroy it.
1.1 nicm 1793: .It Xo Ic set-titles
1.56 jmc 1794: .Op Ic on | off
1.1 nicm 1795: .Xc
1.77 stsp 1796: Attempt to set the window title using the \ee]2;...\e007 xterm code if
1.1 nicm 1797: the terminal appears to be an xterm.
1.11 nicm 1798: This option is off by default.
1.6 jmc 1799: Note that elinks
1.1 nicm 1800: will only attempt to set the window title if the STY environment
1801: variable is set.
1.86 nicm 1802: .It Ic set-titles-string Ar string
1803: String used to set the window title if
1804: .Ic set-titles
1805: is on.
1806: Character sequences are replaced as for the
1807: .Ic status-left
1808: option.
1.1 nicm 1809: .It Xo Ic status
1.56 jmc 1810: .Op Ic on | off
1.1 nicm 1811: .Xc
1812: Show or hide the status line.
1813: .It Ic status-attr Ar attributes
1814: Set status line attributes.
1815: .It Ic status-bg Ar colour
1816: Set status line background colour.
1817: .It Ic status-fg Ar colour
1818: Set status line foreground colour.
1819: .It Ic status-interval Ar interval
1820: Update the status bar every
1821: .Ar interval
1822: seconds.
1823: By default, updates will occur every 15 seconds.
1824: A setting of zero disables redrawing at interval.
1.41 nicm 1825: .It Xo Ic status-justify
1.56 jmc 1826: .Op Ic left | centre | right
1.41 nicm 1827: .Xc
1828: Set the position of the window list component of the status line: left, centre
1829: or right justified.
1.1 nicm 1830: .It Xo Ic status-keys
1.56 jmc 1831: .Op Ic vi | emacs
1.1 nicm 1832: .Xc
1.6 jmc 1833: Use vi or emacs-style
1.1 nicm 1834: key bindings in the status line, for example at the command prompt.
1835: Defaults to emacs.
1836: .It Ic status-left Ar string
1837: Display
1838: .Ar string
1839: to the left of the status bar.
1840: .Ar string
1841: will be passed through
1842: .Xr strftime 3
1843: before being used.
1844: By default, the session name is shown.
1845: .Ar string
1.83 nicm 1846: may contain any of the following special character sequences:
1.1 nicm 1847: .Bl -column "Character pair" "Replaced with" -offset indent
1848: .It Sy "Character pair" Ta Sy "Replaced with"
1.153 nicm 1849: .It Li "#(shell-command)" Ta "First line of the command's output"
1.83 nicm 1850: .It Li "#[attributes]" Ta "Colour or attribute change"
1.1 nicm 1851: .It Li "#H" Ta "Hostname of local host"
1.125 nicm 1852: .It Li "#F" Ta "Current window flag"
1.35 nicm 1853: .It Li "#I" Ta "Current window index"
1854: .It Li "#P" Ta "Current pane index"
1.1 nicm 1855: .It Li "#S" Ta "Session name"
1856: .It Li "#T" Ta "Current window title"
1.35 nicm 1857: .It Li "#W" Ta "Current window name"
1.1 nicm 1858: .It Li "##" Ta "A literal" Ql #
1859: .El
1.83 nicm 1860: .Pp
1.153 nicm 1861: The #(shell-command) form executes
1862: .Ql shell-command
1863: and inserts the first line of its output.
1.103 nicm 1864: Note that shell commands are only executed once at the interval specified by
1865: the
1866: .Ic status-interval
1867: option: if the status line is redrawn in the meantime, the previous result is
1868: used.
1.161 nicm 1869: Shell commands are executed with the
1870: .Nm
1871: global environment set (see the
1.162 jmc 1872: .Sx ENVIRONMENT
1873: section).
1.163 nicm 1874: .Pp
1875: The window title (#T) is the title set by the program running within the window
1876: using the OSC title setting sequence, for example:
1877: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1878: $ printf '\e033]2;My Title\e033\e\e'
1879: .Ed
1880: .Pp
1881: When a window is first created, its title is the hostname.
1.109 nicm 1882: .Pp
1.83 nicm 1883: #[attributes] allows a comma-separated list of attributes to be specified,
1884: these may be
1885: .Ql fg=colour
1886: to set the foreground colour,
1887: .Ql bg=colour
1.131 nicm 1888: to set the background colour, the name of one of the attributes (listed under
1889: the
1.83 nicm 1890: .Ic message-attr
1.109 nicm 1891: option) to turn an attribute on, or an attribute prefixed with
1892: .Ql no
1893: to turn one off, for example
1894: .Ic nobright .
1.83 nicm 1895: Examples are:
1896: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1897: #(sysctl vm.loadavg)
1898: #[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S]
1899: .Ed
1.1 nicm 1900: .Pp
1.109 nicm 1901: Where appropriate, special character sequences may be prefixed with a number to
1902: specify the maximum length, for example
1.1 nicm 1903: .Ql #24T .
1.10 nicm 1904: .Pp
1.12 jmc 1905: By default, UTF-8 in
1.10 nicm 1906: .Ar string
1907: is not interpreted, to enable UTF-8, use the
1908: .Ic status-utf8
1909: option.
1.62 nicm 1910: .It Ic status-left-attr Ar attributes
1.66 jmc 1911: Set the attribute of the left part of the status line.
1.62 nicm 1912: .It Ic status-left-fg Ar colour
1913: Set the foreground colour of the left part of the status line.
1914: .It Ic status-left-bg Ar colour
1915: Set the background colour of the left part of the status line.
1.1 nicm 1916: .It Ic status-left-length Ar length
1917: Set the maximum
1918: .Ar length
1919: of the left component of the status bar.
1920: The default is 10.
1921: .It Ic status-right Ar string
1922: Display
1923: .Ar string
1924: to the right of the status bar.
1.151 nicm 1925: By default, the current window title in double quotes, the date and the time
1926: are shown.
1.1 nicm 1927: As with
1928: .Ic status-left ,
1929: .Ar string
1930: will be passed to
1.10 nicm 1931: .Xr strftime 3 ,
1932: character pairs are replaced, and UTF-8 is dependent on the
1933: .Ic status-utf8
1934: option.
1.62 nicm 1935: .It Ic status-right-attr Ar attributes
1.66 jmc 1936: Set the attribute of the right part of the status line.
1.62 nicm 1937: .It Ic status-right-fg Ar colour
1938: Set the foreground colour of the right part of the status line.
1939: .It Ic status-right-bg Ar colour
1940: Set the background colour of the right part of the status line.
1.1 nicm 1941: .It Ic status-right-length Ar length
1942: Set the maximum
1943: .Ar length
1944: of the right component of the status bar.
1945: The default is 40.
1.10 nicm 1946: .Pp
1947: .It Xo Ic status-utf8
1.56 jmc 1948: .Op Ic on | off
1.10 nicm 1949: .Xc
1950: Instruct
1951: .Nm
1952: to treat top-bit-set characters in the
1953: .Ic status-left
1954: and
1955: .Ic status-right
1956: strings as UTF-8; notably, this is important for wide characters.
1957: This option defaults to off.
1.55 jmc 1958: .It Ic terminal-overrides Ar string
1.54 nicm 1959: Contains a list of entries which override terminal descriptions read using
1960: .Xr terminfo 5 .
1961: .Ar string
1962: is a comma-separated list of items each a colon-separated string made up of a
1963: terminal type pattern (matched using
1964: .Xr fnmatch 3 )
1965: and a set of
1966: .Em name=value
1967: entries.
1968: .Pp
1969: For example, to set the
1970: .Ql clear
1971: .Xr terminfo 5
1972: entry to
1973: .Ql \ee[H\ee[2J
1974: for all terminal types and the
1975: .Ql dch1
1976: entry to
1977: .Ql \ee[P
1.55 jmc 1978: for the
1.54 nicm 1979: .Ql rxvt
1980: terminal type, the option could be set to the string:
1981: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1982: "*:clear=\ee[H\ee[2J,rxvt:dch1=\ee[P"
1983: .Ed
1984: .Pp
1985: The terminal entry value is passed through
1986: .Xr strunvis 3
1987: before interpretation.
1988: The default value forcibly corrects the
1989: .Ql colors
1990: entry for terminals which support 88 or 256 colours:
1991: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1992: "*88col*:colors=88,*256col*:colors=256"
1993: .Ed
1.63 nicm 1994: .It Ic update-environment Ar variables
1995: Set a space-separated string containing a list of environment variables to be
1996: copied into the session environment when a new session is created or an
1997: existing session is attached.
1998: Any variables that do not exist in the source environment are set to be
1999: removed from the session environment (as if
2000: .Fl r
2001: was given to the
2002: .Ic set-environment
2003: command).
2004: The default is
1.75 nicm 2005: "DISPLAY WINDOWID SSH_ASKPASS SSH_AUTH_SOCK SSH_AGENT_PID SSH_CONNECTION".
1.37 nicm 2006: .It Xo Ic visual-activity
1.56 jmc 2007: .Op Ic on | off
1.37 nicm 2008: .Xc
2009: If on, display a status line message when activity occurs in a window
1.39 jmc 2010: for which the
1.37 nicm 2011: .Ic monitor-activity
2012: window option is enabled.
2013: .It Xo Ic visual-bell
1.56 jmc 2014: .Op Ic on | off
1.37 nicm 2015: .Xc
2016: If this option is on, a message is shown on a bell instead of it being passed
2017: through to the terminal (which normally makes a sound).
2018: Also see the
2019: .Ic bell-action
2020: option.
2021: .It Xo Ic visual-content
1.56 jmc 2022: .Op Ic on | off
1.37 nicm 2023: .Xc
2024: Like
2025: .Ic visual-activity ,
2026: display a message when content is present in a window
1.39 jmc 2027: for which the
1.37 nicm 2028: .Ic monitor-content
2029: window option is enabled.
1.1 nicm 2030: .El
2031: .It Xo Ic set-window-option
1.58 nicm 2032: .Op Fl agu
1.1 nicm 2033: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
2034: .Ar option Ar value
2035: .Xc
2036: .D1 (alias: Ic setw )
1.18 nicm 2037: Set a window option.
1.1 nicm 2038: The
1.58 nicm 2039: .Fl a ,
1.1 nicm 2040: .Fl g
2041: and
2042: .Fl u
2043: flags work similarly to the
2044: .Ic set-option
2045: command.
2046: .Pp
1.18 nicm 2047: Supported window options are:
1.56 jmc 2048: .Pp
2049: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
1.1 nicm 2050: .It Xo Ic aggressive-resize
1.56 jmc 2051: .Op Ic on | off
1.1 nicm 2052: .Xc
2053: Aggressively resize the chosen window.
2054: This means that
2055: .Nm
2056: will resize the window to the size of the smallest session for which it is the
2057: current window, rather than the smallest session to which it is attached.
2058: The window may resize when the current window is changed on another sessions;
1.6 jmc 2059: this option is good for full-screen programs which support
2060: .Dv SIGWINCH
2061: and poor for interactive programs such as shells.
1.56 jmc 2062: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2063: .It Xo Ic automatic-rename
1.56 jmc 2064: .Op Ic on | off
1.1 nicm 2065: .Xc
2066: Control automatic window renaming.
2067: When this setting is enabled,
2068: .Nm
2069: will attempt - on supported platforms - to rename the window to reflect the
2070: command currently running in it.
2071: This flag is automatically disabled for an individual window when a name
2072: is specified at creation with
2073: .Ic new-window or
2074: .Ic new-session ,
2075: or later with
2076: .Ic rename-window .
2077: It may be switched off globally with:
2078: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2079: set-window-option -g automatic-rename off
2080: .Ed
1.56 jmc 2081: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2082: .It Ic clock-mode-colour Ar colour
2083: Set clock colour.
1.56 jmc 2084: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2085: .It Xo Ic clock-mode-style
1.56 jmc 2086: .Op Ic 12 | 24
1.1 nicm 2087: .Xc
2088: Set clock hour format.
1.56 jmc 2089: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2090: .It Ic force-height Ar height
2091: .It Ic force-width Ar width
2092: Prevent
2093: .Nm
2094: from resizing a window to greater than
2095: .Ar width
2096: or
2097: .Ar height .
2098: A value of zero restores the default unlimited setting.
1.56 jmc 2099: .Pp
1.2 nicm 2100: .It Ic main-pane-width Ar width
2101: .It Ic main-pane-height Ar height
2102: Set the width or height of the main (left or top) pane in the
2103: .Ic main-horizontal
2104: or
2105: .Ic main-vertical
2106: layouts.
1.56 jmc 2107: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2108: .It Ic mode-attr Ar attributes
2109: Set window modes attributes.
1.56 jmc 2110: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2111: .It Ic mode-bg Ar colour
2112: Set window modes background colour.
1.56 jmc 2113: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2114: .It Ic mode-fg Ar colour
2115: Set window modes foreground colour.
1.56 jmc 2116: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2117: .It Xo Ic mode-keys
1.56 jmc 2118: .Op Ic vi | emacs
1.1 nicm 2119: .Xc
1.105 nicm 2120: Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in copy and choice modes.
1.1 nicm 2121: Key bindings default to emacs.
1.56 jmc 2122: .Pp
1.50 nicm 2123: .It Xo Ic mode-mouse
1.56 jmc 2124: .Op Ic on | off
1.50 nicm 2125: .Xc
1.51 jmc 2126: Mouse state in modes.
1.173 nicm 2127: If on, the mouse may be used to copy a selection by dragging in copy mode, or
2128: to select an option in choice mode.
1.56 jmc 2129: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2130: .It Xo Ic monitor-activity
1.56 jmc 2131: .Op Ic on | off
1.1 nicm 2132: .Xc
2133: Monitor for activity in the window.
2134: Windows with activity are highlighted in the status line.
1.56 jmc 2135: .Pp
2136: .It Ic monitor-content Ar match-string
1.6 jmc 2137: Monitor content in the window.
2138: When
1.16 nicm 2139: .Xr fnmatch 3
2140: pattern
1.1 nicm 2141: .Ar match-string
2142: appears in the window, it is highlighted in the status line.
1.56 jmc 2143: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2144: .It Xo Ic remain-on-exit
1.56 jmc 2145: .Op Ic on | off
1.1 nicm 2146: .Xc
2147: A window with this flag set is not destroyed when the program running in it
2148: exits.
2149: The window may be reactivated with the
2150: .Ic respawn-window
2151: command.
1.56 jmc 2152: .Pp
1.99 nicm 2153: .It Xo Ic synchronize-panes
2154: .Op Ic on | off
2155: .Xc
1.164 nicm 2156: Duplicate input to any pane to all other panes in the same window (only
2157: for panes that are not in any special mode).
1.150 nicm 2158: .Pp
2159: .It Xo Ic alternate-screen
2160: .Op Ic on | off
2161: .Xc
2162: This option configures whether programs running inside
2163: .Nm
2164: may use the terminal alternate screen feature, which allows the
2165: .Em smcup
2166: and
2167: .Em rmcup
2168: .Xr terminfo 5
2169: capabilities to be issued to preserve the existing window content on start and
2170: restore it on exit.
1.139 nicm 2171: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2172: .It Xo Ic utf8
1.56 jmc 2173: .Op Ic on | off
1.1 nicm 2174: .Xc
2175: Instructs
2176: .Nm
2177: to expect UTF-8 sequences to appear in this window.
1.56 jmc 2178: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2179: .It Ic window-status-attr Ar attributes
2180: Set status line attributes for a single window.
1.56 jmc 2181: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2182: .It Ic window-status-bg Ar colour
2183: Set status line background colour for a single window.
1.56 jmc 2184: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2185: .It Ic window-status-fg Ar colour
2186: Set status line foreground colour for a single window.
1.56 jmc 2187: .Pp
1.125 nicm 2188: .It Ic window-status-format Ar string
2189: Set the format in which the window is displayed in the status line window list.
2190: See the
2191: .Ar status-left
2192: option for details of special character sequences available.
2193: The default is
2194: .Ql #I:#W#F .
1.169 nicm 2195: .Pp
2196: .It Ic window-status-alert-attr Ar attributes
2197: Set status line attributes for windows which have an alert (bell, activity
2198: or content).
2199: .Pp
2200: .It Ic window-status-alert-bg Ar colour
2201: Set status line background colour for windows with an alert.
2202: .Pp
2203: .It Ic window-status-alert-fg Ar colour
2204: Set status line foreground colour for windows with an alert.
1.125 nicm 2205: .Pp
1.40 nicm 2206: .It Ic window-status-current-attr Ar attributes
2207: Set status line attributes for the currently active window.
1.56 jmc 2208: .Pp
1.40 nicm 2209: .It Ic window-status-current-bg Ar colour
2210: Set status line background colour for the currently active window.
1.56 jmc 2211: .Pp
1.40 nicm 2212: .It Ic window-status-current-fg Ar colour
2213: Set status line foreground colour for the currently active window.
1.56 jmc 2214: .Pp
1.125 nicm 2215: .It Ic window-status-current-format Ar string
2216: Like
2217: .Ar window-status-format ,
2218: but is the format used when the window is the current window.
1.154 nicm 2219: .Pp
2220: .It Ic word-separators Ar string
2221: Sets the window's conception of what characters are considered word
2222: separators, for the purposes of the next and previous word commands in
2223: copy mode.
2224: The default is
2225: .Ql \ -_@ .
1.125 nicm 2226: .Pp
1.1 nicm 2227: .It Xo Ic xterm-keys
1.56 jmc 2228: .Op Ic on | off
1.1 nicm 2229: .Xc
2230: If this option is set,
2231: .Nm
2232: will generate
1.57 jmc 2233: .Xr xterm 1 -style
2234: function key sequences; these have a number included to indicate modifiers such
2235: as Shift, Alt or Ctrl.
1.123 nicm 2236: The default is off.
1.57 jmc 2237: .El
2238: .It Xo Ic show-options
1.133 nicm 2239: .Op Fl gsw
1.129 nicm 2240: .Op Fl t Ar target-session | Ar target-window
1.57 jmc 2241: .Xc
2242: .D1 (alias: Ic show )
1.133 nicm 2243: Show the window options with
1.129 nicm 2244: .Fl w
1.133 nicm 2245: (equivalent to
1.134 nicm 2246: .Ic show-window-options ) ,
1.133 nicm 2247: the server options with
2248: .Fl s ,
2249: otherwise the session options for
2250: .Ar target session .
2251: Global session or window options are listed if
2252: .Fl g
2253: is used.
1.57 jmc 2254: .It Xo Ic show-window-options
2255: .Op Fl g
2256: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
2257: .Xc
2258: .D1 (alias: Ic showw )
2259: List the window options for
2260: .Ar target-window ,
2261: or the global window options if
2262: .Fl g
2263: is used.
1.63 nicm 2264: .El
2265: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
2266: When the server is started,
2267: .Nm
2268: copies the environment into the
2269: .Em global environment ;
2270: in addition, each session has a
2271: .Em session environment .
2272: When a window is created, the session and global environments are merged with
2273: the session environment overriding any variable present in both.
2274: This is the initial environment passed to the new process.
2275: .Pp
2276: The
2277: .Ic update-environment
2278: session option may be used to update the session environment from the client
2279: when a new session is created or an old reattached.
2280: .Nm
2281: also initialises the
2282: .Ev TMUX
2283: variable with some internal information to allow commands to be executed
2284: from inside, and the
2285: .Ev TERM
2286: variable with the correct terminal setting of
2287: .Ql screen .
2288: .Pp
2289: Commands to alter and view the environment are:
2290: .Bl -tag -width Ds
2291: .It Xo Ic set-environment
2292: .Op Fl gru
2293: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
2294: .Ar name Op Ar value
2295: .Xc
1.115 nicm 2296: .D1 (alias: Ic setenv )
1.63 nicm 2297: Set or unset an environment variable.
2298: If
2299: .Fl g
2300: is used, the change is made in the global environment; otherwise, it is applied
2301: to the session environment for
2302: .Ar target-session .
2303: The
2304: .Fl u
2305: flag unsets a variable.
2306: .Fl r
2307: indicates the variable is to be removed from the environment before starting a
2308: new process.
2309: .It Xo Ic show-environment
2310: .Op Fl g
2311: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
2312: .Xc
1.115 nicm 2313: .D1 (alias: Ic showenv )
1.63 nicm 2314: Display the environment for
2315: .Ar target-session
2316: or the global environment with
2317: .Fl g .
2318: Variables removed from the environment are prefixed with
2319: .Ql - .
1.57 jmc 2320: .El
2321: .Sh STATUS LINE
2322: .Nm
2323: includes an optional status line which is displayed in the bottom line of each
2324: terminal.
2325: By default, the status line is enabled (it may be disabled with the
2326: .Ic status
2327: session option) and contains, from left-to-right: the name of the current
2328: session in square brackets; the window list; the current window title in double
2329: quotes; and the time and date.
2330: .Pp
2331: The status line is made of three parts: configurable left and right sections
2332: (which may contain dynamic content such as the time or output from a shell
2333: command, see the
2334: .Ic status-left ,
2335: .Ic status-left-length ,
2336: .Ic status-right ,
2337: and
2338: .Ic status-right-length
2339: options below), and a central window list.
1.125 nicm 2340: By default, the window list shows the index, name and (if any) flag of the
2341: windows present in the current session in ascending numerical order.
2342: It may be customised with the
2343: .Ar window-status-format
2344: and
2345: .Ar window-status-current-format
2346: options.
1.57 jmc 2347: The flag is one of the following symbols appended to the window name:
2348: .Bl -column "Symbol" "Meaning" -offset indent
2349: .It Sy "Symbol" Ta Sy "Meaning"
2350: .It Li "*" Ta "Denotes the current window."
2351: .It Li "-" Ta "Marks the last window (previously selected)."
2352: .It Li "#" Ta "Window is monitored and activity has been detected."
2353: .It Li "!" Ta "A bell has occurred in the window."
2354: .It Li "+" Ta "Window is monitored for content and it has appeared."
2355: .El
2356: .Pp
2357: The # symbol relates to the
2358: .Ic monitor-activity
2359: and + to the
2360: .Ic monitor-content
2361: window options.
2362: The window name is printed in inverted colours if an alert (bell, activity or
2363: content) is present.
2364: .Pp
1.131 nicm 2365: The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured, the entire
2366: status line using the
1.57 jmc 2367: .Ic status-attr ,
2368: .Ic status-fg
2369: and
2370: .Ic status-bg
2371: session options and individual windows using the
2372: .Ic window-status-attr ,
2373: .Ic window-status-fg
2374: and
2375: .Ic window-status-bg
2376: window options.
2377: .Pp
1.131 nicm 2378: The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has changed, the
2379: interval may be controlled with the
1.57 jmc 2380: .Ic status-interval
2381: session option.
2382: .Pp
2383: Commands related to the status line are as follows:
2384: .Bl -tag -width Ds
2385: .It Xo Ic command-prompt
1.73 nicm 2386: .Op Fl p Ar prompts
1.57 jmc 2387: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
2388: .Op Ar template
2389: .Xc
2390: Open the command prompt in a client.
2391: This may be used from inside
2392: .Nm
2393: to execute commands interactively.
2394: If
2395: .Ar template
1.73 nicm 2396: is specified, it is used as the command.
2397: If
2398: .Fl p
2399: is given,
2400: .Ar prompts
2401: is a comma-separated list of prompts which are displayed in order; otherwise
2402: a single prompt is displayed, constructed from
2403: .Ar template
2404: if it is present, or
2405: .Ql \&:
2406: if not.
2407: Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the string
2408: .Ql %%
1.74 jmc 2409: and all occurrences of
1.73 nicm 2410: .Ql %1
2411: are replaced by the response to the first prompt, the second
2412: .Ql %%
2413: and all
2414: .Ql %2
2415: are replaced with the response to the second prompt, and so on for further
1.74 jmc 2416: prompts.
2417: Up to nine prompt responses may be replaced
2418: .Po
2419: .Ql %1
1.73 nicm 2420: to
1.74 jmc 2421: .Ql %9
2422: .Pc .
1.57 jmc 2423: .It Xo Ic confirm-before
2424: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
2425: .Ar command
2426: .Xc
2427: .D1 (alias: Ic confirm )
2428: Ask for confirmation before executing
2429: .Ar command .
2430: This command works only from inside
2431: .Nm .
2432: .It Xo Ic display-message
1.127 nicm 2433: .Op Fl p
1.57 jmc 2434: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
2435: .Op Ar message
2436: .Xc
2437: .D1 (alias: Ic display )
1.127 nicm 2438: Display a message.
2439: If
2440: .Fl p
2441: is given, the output is printed to stdout, otherwise it is displayed in the
2442: .Ar target-client
2443: status line.
1.122 nicm 2444: The format of
1.124 jmc 2445: .Ar message
2446: is as for
1.122 nicm 2447: .Ic status-left ,
2448: with the exception that #() are not handled.
1.57 jmc 2449: .El
2450: .Sh BUFFERS
2451: .Nm
2452: maintains a stack of
2453: .Em paste buffers
2454: for each session.
2455: Up to the value of the
2456: .Ic buffer-limit
2457: option are kept; when a new buffer is added, the buffer at the bottom of the
2458: stack is removed.
2459: Buffers may be added using
2460: .Ic copy-mode
2461: or the
2462: .Ic set-buffer
2463: command, and pasted into a window using the
2464: .Ic paste-buffer
2465: command.
2466: .Pp
2467: A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window.
2468: By default, up to 2000 lines are kept; this can be altered with the
2469: .Ic history-limit
2470: option (see the
2471: .Ic set-option
2472: command above).
2473: .Pp
2474: The buffer commands are as follows:
2475: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.178 nicm 2476: .It Xo
2477: .Ic choose-buffer
2478: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
2479: .Op Ar template
2480: .Xc
2481: Put a window into buffer choice mode, where a buffer may be chosen
2482: interactively from a list.
2483: After a buffer is selected,
2484: .Ql %%
2485: is replaced by the buffer index in
2486: .Ar template
2487: and the result executed as a command.
2488: If
2489: .Ar template
2490: is not given, "paste-buffer -b '%%'" is used.
2491: This command works only from inside
2492: .Nm .
1.57 jmc 2493: .It Ic clear-history Op Fl t Ar target-pane
2494: .D1 (alias: Ic clearhist )
2495: Remove and free the history for the specified pane.
2496: .It Xo Ic copy-buffer
2497: .Op Fl a Ar src-index
2498: .Op Fl b Ar dst-index
2499: .Op Fl s Ar src-session
2500: .Op Fl t Ar dst-session
2501: .Xc
2502: .D1 (alias: Ic copyb )
2503: Copy a session paste buffer to another session.
2504: If no sessions are specified, the current one is used instead.
2505: .It Xo Ic delete-buffer
2506: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
2507: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
2508: .Xc
2509: .D1 (alias: Ic deleteb )
2510: Delete the buffer at
2511: .Ar buffer-index ,
2512: or the top buffer if not specified.
2513: .It Ic list-buffers Op Fl t Ar target-session
2514: .D1 (alias: Ic lsb )
2515: List the buffers in the given session.
2516: .It Xo Ic load-buffer
2517: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
2518: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
2519: .Ar path
2520: .Xc
2521: .D1 (alias: Ic loadb )
2522: Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from
2523: .Ar path .
2524: .It Xo Ic paste-buffer
2525: .Op Fl dr
2526: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
1.170 nicm 2527: .Op Fl s Ar separator
1.158 nicm 2528: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1.57 jmc 2529: .Xc
2530: .D1 (alias: Ic pasteb )
1.158 nicm 2531: Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the specified pane.
2532: If not specified, paste into the current one.
1.57 jmc 2533: With
2534: .Fl d ,
2535: also delete the paste buffer from the stack.
2536: When output, any linefeed (LF) characters in the paste buffer are replaced with
1.170 nicm 2537: a separator, by default carriage return (CR).
2538: A custom separator may be specified using the
2539: .Fl s
2540: flag.
2541: The
1.57 jmc 2542: .Fl r
1.170 nicm 2543: flag means to do no replacement (equivalent to a separator of LF).
1.57 jmc 2544: .It Xo Ic save-buffer
2545: .Op Fl a
2546: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
2547: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
2548: .Ar path
2549: .Xc
2550: .D1 (alias: Ic saveb )
2551: Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to
2552: .Ar path .
2553: The
2554: .Fl a
2555: option appends to rather than overwriting the file.
2556: .It Xo Ic set-buffer
2557: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
2558: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
2559: .Ar data
2560: .Xc
2561: .D1 (alias: Ic setb )
2562: Set the contents of the specified buffer to
2563: .Ar data .
1.1 nicm 2564: .It Xo Ic show-buffer
2565: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-index
2566: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
2567: .Xc
2568: .D1 (alias: Ic showb )
2569: Display the contents of the specified buffer.
1.57 jmc 2570: .El
2571: .Sh MISCELLANEOUS
2572: .Pp
2573: Miscellaneous commands are as follows:
2574: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.72 nicm 2575: .It Ic clock-mode Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1.57 jmc 2576: Display a large clock.
2577: .It Ic if-shell Ar shell-command command
2578: .D1 (alias: Ic if )
2579: Execute
2580: .Ar command
2581: if
2582: .Ar shell-command
2583: returns success.
2584: .It Ic lock-server
2585: .D1 (alias: Ic lock )
1.90 nicm 2586: Lock each client individually by running the command specified by the
2587: .Ic lock-command
2588: option.
1.153 nicm 2589: .It Ic run-shell Ar shell-command
1.87 nicm 2590: .D1 (alias: Ic run )
2591: Execute
1.153 nicm 2592: .Ar shell-command
1.106 nicm 2593: in the background without creating a window.
1.164 nicm 2594: After it finishes, any output to stdout is displayed in copy mode.
1.153 nicm 2595: If the command doesn't return success, the exit status is also displayed.
1.57 jmc 2596: .It Ic server-info
2597: .D1 (alias: Ic info )
2598: Show server information and terminal details.
1.1 nicm 2599: .El
2600: .Sh FILES
1.26 nicm 2601: .Bl -tag -width "/etc/tmux.confXXX" -compact
1.1 nicm 2602: .It Pa ~/.tmux.conf
1.6 jmc 2603: Default
1.1 nicm 2604: .Nm
1.6 jmc 2605: configuration file.
1.26 nicm 2606: .It Pa /etc/tmux.conf
2607: System-wide configuration file.
1.1 nicm 2608: .El
1.57 jmc 2609: .Sh EXAMPLES
2610: To create a new
2611: .Nm
2612: session running
2613: .Xr vi 1 :
2614: .Pp
2615: .Dl $ tmux new-session vi
2616: .Pp
2617: Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias.
2618: For new-session, this is
2619: .Ic new :
2620: .Pp
2621: .Dl $ tmux new vi
2622: .Pp
2623: Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted.
2624: If there are several options, they are listed:
2625: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2626: $ tmux n
2627: ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window
2628: .Ed
2629: .Pp
2630: Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing
2631: .Ql C-b c
2632: (Ctrl
2633: followed by the
2634: .Ql b
2635: key
2636: followed by the
2637: .Ql c
2638: key).
2639: .Pp
2640: Windows may be navigated with:
2641: .Ql C-b 0
2642: (to select window 0),
2643: .Ql C-b 1
2644: (to select window 1), and so on;
2645: .Ql C-b n
2646: to select the next window; and
2647: .Ql C-b p
2648: to select the previous window.
2649: .Pp
2650: A session may be detached using
2651: .Ql C-b d
1.64 nicm 2652: (or by an external event such as
2653: .Xr ssh 1
2654: disconnection) and reattached with:
1.57 jmc 2655: .Pp
2656: .Dl $ tmux attach-session
2657: .Pp
2658: Typing
2659: .Ql C-b \&?
2660: lists the current key bindings in the current window; up and down may be used
2661: to navigate the list or
2662: .Ql q
2663: to exit from it.
2664: .Pp
2665: Commands to be run when the
2666: .Nm
2667: server is started may be placed in the
2668: .Pa ~/.tmux.conf
2669: configuration file.
2670: Common examples include:
2671: .Pp
2672: Changing the default prefix key:
2673: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2674: set-option -g prefix C-a
2675: unbind-key C-b
2676: bind-key C-a send-prefix
2677: .Ed
2678: .Pp
2679: Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:
2680: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2681: set-option -g status off
2682: set-option -g status-bg blue
2683: .Ed
2684: .Pp
2685: Setting other options, such as the default command,
2686: or locking after 30 minutes of inactivity:
2687: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2688: set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh"
2689: set-option -g lock-after-time 1800
2690: .Ed
2691: .Pp
2692: Creating new key bindings:
2693: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2694: bind-key b set-option status
2695: bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'"
1.73 nicm 2696: bind-key S command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"
1.57 jmc 2697: .Ed
1.1 nicm 2698: .Sh SEE ALSO
2699: .Xr pty 4
2700: .Sh AUTHORS
2701: .An Nicholas Marriott Aq nicm@users.sourceforge.net
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