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For open/openat, if the flags parameter does not contain O_CREAT, the
3rd (variadic) mode_t parameter is irrelevant.  Many developers in the past
have passed mode_t (0, 044, 0644, or such), which might lead future people
to copy this broken idiom, and perhaps even believe this parameter has some
meaning or implication or application. Delete them all.
This comes out of a conversation where tb@ noticed that a strange (but
intentional) pledge behaviour is to always knock-out high-bits from
mode_t on a number of system calls as a safety factor, and his bewilderment
that this appeared to be happening against valid modes (at least visually),
but no sorry, they are all irrelevant junk.  They could all be 0xdeafbeef.
ok millert

/*	$OpenBSD: main.c,v 1.43 2021/10/24 21:24:17 deraadt Exp $	*/

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996
 *	Keith Bostic.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * See the LICENSE file for redistribution information.
 */

#include "config.h"

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include <bitstring.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "common.h"
#include "../vi/vi.h"

#ifdef DEBUG
static void	 attach(GS *);
#endif
static int	 v_obsolete(char *[]);

enum pmode pmode;

/*
 * editor --
 *	Main editor routine.
 *
 * PUBLIC: int editor(GS *, int, char *[]);
 */
int
editor(GS *gp, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	extern int optind;
	extern char *optarg;
	const char *p;
	EVENT ev;
	FREF *frp;
	SCR *sp;
	size_t len;
	u_int flags;
	int ch, flagchk, secure, startup, readonly, rval, silent;
	char *tag_f, *wsizearg, path[256];

	static const char *optstr[3] = {
#ifdef DEBUG
		"c:D:FlRrSsT:t:vw:",
		"c:D:eFlRrST:t:w:",
		"c:D:eFlrST:t:w:"
#else
		"c:FlRrSst:vw:",
		"c:eFlRrSt:w:",
		"c:eFlrSt:w:"
#endif
	};

	if (pledge("stdio rpath wpath cpath fattr flock getpw tty proc exec",
	    NULL) == -1) {
		perror("pledge");
		goto err;
	}

	/* Initialize the busy routine, if not defined by the screen. */
	if (gp->scr_busy == NULL)
		gp->scr_busy = vs_busy;
	/* Initialize the message routine, if not defined by the screen. */
	if (gp->scr_msg == NULL)
		gp->scr_msg = vs_msg;

	/* Common global structure initialization. */
	TAILQ_INIT(&gp->dq);
	TAILQ_INIT(&gp->hq);
	LIST_INIT(&gp->ecq);
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&gp->ecq, &gp->excmd, q);
	gp->noprint = DEFAULT_NOPRINT;

	/* Structures shared by screens so stored in the GS structure. */
	TAILQ_INIT(&gp->frefq);
	TAILQ_INIT(&gp->dcb_store.textq);
	LIST_INIT(&gp->cutq);
	LIST_INIT(&gp->seqq);

	/* Set initial screen type and mode based on the program name. */
	readonly = 0;
	if (!strcmp(getprogname(), "ex") || !strcmp(getprogname(), "nex"))
		LF_INIT(SC_EX);
	else {
		/* Nview, view are readonly. */
		if (!strcmp(getprogname(), "nview") ||
		    !strcmp(getprogname(), "view"))
			readonly = 1;
		
		/* Vi is the default. */
		LF_INIT(SC_VI);
	}

	/* Convert old-style arguments into new-style ones. */
	if (v_obsolete(argv))
		return (1);

	/* Parse the arguments. */
	flagchk = '\0';
	tag_f = wsizearg = NULL;
	secure = silent = 0;
	startup = 1;

	/* Set the file snapshot flag. */
	F_SET(gp, G_SNAPSHOT);

	pmode = MODE_EX;
	if (!strcmp(getprogname(), "ex"))
		pmode = MODE_EX;
	else if (!strcmp(getprogname(), "vi"))
		pmode = MODE_VI;
	else if (!strcmp(getprogname(), "view"))
		pmode = MODE_VIEW;

	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, optstr[pmode])) != -1)
		switch (ch) {
		case 'c':		/* Run the command. */
			/*
			 * XXX
			 * We should support multiple -c options.
			 */
			if (gp->c_option != NULL) {
				warnx("only one -c command may be specified.");
				return (1);
			}
			gp->c_option = optarg;
			break;
#ifdef DEBUG
		case 'D':
			switch (optarg[0]) {
			case 's':
				startup = 0;
				break;
			case 'w':
				attach(gp);
				break;
			default:
				warnx("-D requires s or w argument.");
				return (1);
			}
			break;
#endif
		case 'e':		/* Ex mode. */
			LF_CLR(SC_VI);
			LF_SET(SC_EX);
			break;
		case 'F':		/* No snapshot. */
			F_CLR(gp, G_SNAPSHOT);
			break;
		case 'R':		/* Readonly. */
			readonly = 1;
			break;
		case 'r':		/* Recover. */
			if (flagchk == 't') {
				warnx(
				    "only one of -r and -t may be specified.");
				return (1);
			}
			flagchk = 'r';
			break;
		case 'S':
			secure = 1;
			break;
		case 's':
			silent = 1;
			break;
#ifdef DEBUG
		case 'T':		/* Trace. */
			if ((gp->tracefp = fopen(optarg, "w")) == NULL) {
				warn("%s", optarg);
				goto err;
			}
			(void)fprintf(gp->tracefp,
			    "\n===\ntrace: open %s\n", optarg);
			fflush(gp->tracefp);
			break;
#endif
		case 't':		/* Tag. */
			if (flagchk == 'r') {
				warnx(
				    "only one of -r and -t may be specified.");
				return (1);
			}
			if (flagchk == 't') {
				warnx("only one tag file may be specified.");
				return (1);
			}
			flagchk = 't';
			tag_f = optarg;
			break;
		case 'v':		/* Vi mode. */
			LF_CLR(SC_EX);
			LF_SET(SC_VI);
			break;
		case 'w':
			wsizearg = optarg;
			break;
		case '?':
		default:
			(void)gp->scr_usage();
			return (1);
		}
	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;

	if (secure)
		if (pledge("stdio rpath wpath cpath fattr flock getpw tty", NULL) == -1) {
			perror("pledge");
			goto err;
		}

	/*
	 * -s option is only meaningful to ex.
	 *
	 * If not reading from a terminal, it's like -s was specified.
	 */
	if (silent && !LF_ISSET(SC_EX)) {
		warnx("-s option is only applicable to ex.");
		goto err;
	}
	if (LF_ISSET(SC_EX) && F_ISSET(gp, G_SCRIPTED))
		silent = 1;

	/*
	 * Build and initialize the first/current screen.  This is a bit
	 * tricky.  If an error is returned, we may or may not have a
	 * screen structure.  If we have a screen structure, put it on a
	 * display queue so that the error messages get displayed.
	 *
	 * !!!
	 * Everything we do until we go interactive is done in ex mode.
	 */
	if (screen_init(gp, NULL, &sp)) {
		if (sp != NULL)
			TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&gp->dq, sp, q);
		goto err;
	}
	F_SET(sp, SC_EX);
	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&gp->dq, sp, q);

	if (v_key_init(sp))		/* Special key initialization. */
		goto err;

	{ int oargs[5], *oargp = oargs;
	if (readonly)			/* Command-line options. */
		*oargp++ = O_READONLY;
	if (secure)
		*oargp++ = O_SECURE;
	*oargp = -1;			/* Options initialization. */
	if (opts_init(sp, oargs))
		goto err;
	}
	if (wsizearg != NULL) {
		ARGS *av[2], a, b;
		(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "window=%s", wsizearg);
		a.bp = (CHAR_T *)path;
		a.len = strlen(path);
		b.bp = NULL;
		b.len = 0;
		av[0] = &a;
		av[1] = &b;
		(void)opts_set(sp, av, NULL);
	}
	if (silent) {			/* Ex batch mode option values. */
		O_CLR(sp, O_AUTOPRINT);
		O_CLR(sp, O_PROMPT);
		O_CLR(sp, O_VERBOSE);
		O_CLR(sp, O_WARN);
		F_SET(sp, SC_EX_SILENT);
	}

	sp->rows = O_VAL(sp, O_LINES);	/* Make ex formatting work. */
	sp->cols = O_VAL(sp, O_COLUMNS);

	if (!silent && startup) {	/* Read EXINIT, exrc files. */
		if (ex_exrc(sp))
			goto err;
		if (F_ISSET(sp, SC_EXIT | SC_EXIT_FORCE)) {
			if (screen_end(sp))
				goto err;
			goto done;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * List recovery files if -r specified without file arguments.
	 * Note, options must be initialized and startup information
	 * read before doing this.
	 */
	if (flagchk == 'r' && argv[0] == NULL) {
		if (rcv_list(sp))
			goto err;
		if (screen_end(sp))
			goto err;
		goto done;
	}

	/*
	 * !!!
	 * Initialize the default ^D, ^U scrolling value here, after the
	 * user has had every opportunity to set the window option.
	 *
	 * It's historic practice that changing the value of the window
	 * option did not alter the default scrolling value, only giving
	 * a count to ^D/^U did that.
	 */
	sp->defscroll = (O_VAL(sp, O_WINDOW) + 1) / 2;

	/*
	 * If we don't have a command-line option, switch into the right
	 * editor now, so that we position default files correctly, and
	 * so that any tags file file-already-locked messages are in the
	 * vi screen, not the ex screen.
	 *
	 * XXX
	 * If we have a command-line option, the error message can end
	 * up in the wrong place, but I think that the combination is
	 * unlikely.
	 */
	if (gp->c_option == NULL) {
		F_CLR(sp, SC_EX | SC_VI);
		F_SET(sp, LF_ISSET(SC_EX | SC_VI));
	}

	/* Open a tag file if specified. */
	if (tag_f != NULL && ex_tag_first(sp, tag_f))
		goto err;

	/*
	 * Append any remaining arguments as file names.  Files are recovery
	 * files if -r specified.  If the tag option or ex startup commands
	 * loaded a file, then any file arguments are going to come after it.
	 */
	if (*argv != NULL) {
		if (sp->frp != NULL) {
			size_t l;
			/* Cheat -- we know we have an extra argv slot. */
			l = strlen(sp->frp->name) + 1;
			if ((*--argv = malloc(l)) == NULL) {
				warn(NULL);
				goto err;
			}
			(void)strlcpy(*argv, sp->frp->name, l);
		}
		sp->argv = sp->cargv = argv;
		F_SET(sp, SC_ARGNOFREE);
		if (flagchk == 'r')
			F_SET(sp, SC_ARGRECOVER);
	}

	/*
	 * If the ex startup commands and or/the tag option haven't already
	 * created a file, create one.  If no command-line files were given,
	 * use a temporary file.
	 */
	if (sp->frp == NULL) {
		if (sp->argv == NULL) {
			if ((frp = file_add(sp, NULL)) == NULL)
				goto err;
		} else  {
			if ((frp = file_add(sp, (CHAR_T *)sp->argv[0])) == NULL)
				goto err;
			if (F_ISSET(sp, SC_ARGRECOVER))
				F_SET(frp, FR_RECOVER);
		}

		if (file_init(sp, frp, NULL, 0))
			goto err;
		if (EXCMD_RUNNING(gp)) {
			(void)ex_cmd(sp);
			if (F_ISSET(sp, SC_EXIT | SC_EXIT_FORCE)) {
				if (screen_end(sp))
					goto err;
				goto done;
			}
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Check to see if we need to wait for ex.  If SC_SCR_EX is set, ex
	 * was forced to initialize the screen during startup.  We'd like to
	 * wait for a single character from the user, but we can't because
	 * we're not in raw mode.  We can't switch to raw mode because the
	 * vi initialization will switch to xterm's alternate screen, causing
	 * us to lose the messages we're pausing to make sure the user read.
	 * So, wait for a complete line.  
	 */
	if (F_ISSET(sp, SC_SCR_EX)) {
		p = msg_cmsg(sp, CMSG_CONT_R, &len);
		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, p, len);
		for (;;) {
			if (v_event_get(sp, &ev, 0, 0))
				goto err;
			if (ev.e_event == E_INTERRUPT ||
			    (ev.e_event == E_CHARACTER &&
			    (ev.e_value == K_CR || ev.e_value == K_NL)))
				break;
			(void)gp->scr_bell(sp);
		}
	}

	/* Switch into the right editor, regardless. */
	F_CLR(sp, SC_EX | SC_VI);
	F_SET(sp, LF_ISSET(SC_EX | SC_VI) | SC_STATUS_CNT);

	/*
	 * Main edit loop.  Vi handles split screens itself, we only return
	 * here when switching editor modes or restarting the screen.
	 */
	while (sp != NULL)
		if (F_ISSET(sp, SC_EX) ? ex(&sp) : vi(&sp))
			goto err;

done:	rval = 0;
	if (0)
err:		rval = 1;

	/* Clean out the global structure. */
	v_end(gp);

	return (rval);
}

/*
 * v_end --
 *	End the program, discarding screens and most of the global area.
 *
 * PUBLIC: void v_end(GS *);
 */
void
v_end(GS *gp)
{
	MSGS *mp;
	SCR *sp;

	/* If there are any remaining screens, kill them off. */
	if (gp->ccl_sp != NULL) {
		(void)file_end(gp->ccl_sp, NULL, 1);
		(void)screen_end(gp->ccl_sp);
	}
	while ((sp = TAILQ_FIRST(&gp->dq)))
		(void)screen_end(sp);	/* Removes sp from the queue. */
	while ((sp = TAILQ_FIRST(&gp->hq)))
		(void)screen_end(sp);	/* Removes sp from the queue. */

#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(PURIFY)
	{ FREF *frp;
		/* Free FREF's. */
		while ((frp = TAILQ_FIRST(&gp->frefq))) {
			TAILQ_REMOVE(&gp->frefq, frp, q);
			free(frp->name);
			free(frp->tname);
			free(frp);
		}
	}

	/* Free key input queue. */
	free(gp->i_event);

	/* Free cut buffers. */
	cut_close(gp);

	/* Free map sequences. */
	seq_close(gp);

	/* Free default buffer storage. */
	(void)text_lfree(&gp->dcb_store.textq);
#endif

	/* Ring the bell if scheduled. */
	if (F_ISSET(gp, G_BELLSCHED))
		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\07");		/* \a */

	/*
	 * Flush any remaining messages.  If a message is here, it's almost
	 * certainly the message about the event that killed us (although
	 * it's possible that the user is sourcing a file that exits from the
	 * editor).
	 */
	while ((mp = LIST_FIRST(&gp->msgq)) != NULL) {
		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%.*s",
		    mp->mtype == M_ERR ? "ex/vi: " : "", (int)mp->len, mp->buf);
		LIST_REMOVE(mp, q);
#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(PURIFY)
		free(mp->buf);
		free(mp);
#endif
	}

#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(PURIFY)
	/* Free any temporary space. */
	free(gp->tmp_bp);

#if defined(DEBUG)
	/* Close debugging file descriptor. */
	if (gp->tracefp != NULL)
		(void)fclose(gp->tracefp);
#endif
#endif
}

/*
 * v_obsolete --
 *	Convert historic arguments into something getopt(3) will like.
 */
static int
v_obsolete(char *argv[])
{
	size_t len;
	char *p;

	/*
	 * Translate old style arguments into something getopt will like.
	 * Make sure it's not text space memory, because ex modifies the
	 * strings.
	 *	Change "+" into "-c$".
	 *	Change "+<anything else>" into "-c<anything else>".
	 *	Change "-" into "-s"
	 *	The c, T, t and w options take arguments so they can't be
	 *	    special arguments.
	 *
	 * Stop if we find "--" as an argument, the user may want to edit
	 * a file named "+foo".
	 */
	while (*++argv && strcmp(argv[0], "--"))
		if (argv[0][0] == '+') {
			if (argv[0][1] == '\0') {
				argv[0] = strdup("-c$");
				if (argv[0] == NULL)
					goto nomem;
			} else  {
				p = argv[0];
				len = strlen(argv[0]);
				if ((argv[0] = malloc(len + 2)) == NULL)
					goto nomem;
				argv[0][0] = '-';
				argv[0][1] = 'c';
				(void)strlcpy(argv[0] + 2, p + 1, len);
			}
		} else if (argv[0][0] == '-') {
			if (argv[0][1] == '\0') {
				argv[0] = strdup("-s");
				if (argv[0] == NULL) {
nomem:					warn(NULL);
					return (1);
				}
			} else
				if ((argv[0][1] == 'c' || argv[0][1] == 'T' ||
				    argv[0][1] == 't' || argv[0][1] == 'w') &&
				    argv[0][2] == '\0')
					++argv;
		}
	return (0);
}

#ifdef DEBUG
static void
attach(GS *gp)
{
	int fd;
	char ch;

	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
		warn("%s", _PATH_TTY);
		return;
	}

	(void)printf("process %ld waiting, enter <CR> to continue: ",
	    (long)getpid());
	(void)fflush(stdout);

	do {
		if (read(fd, &ch, 1) != 1) {
			(void)close(fd);
			return;
		}
	} while (ch != '\n' && ch != '\r');
	(void)close(fd);
}
#endif