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<title>OpenBSD 3.6</title>
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<h2 id=OpenBSD>
<a href="index.html">
<i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
3.6
</h2>

<table>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="images/Ponderosa.jpg">
<img width="255" height="343" src="images/Ponderosa.jpg" alt="Ponderosa"></a>
<td>
Released November 1, 2004<br>
Copyright 1997-2004, Theo de Raadt.<br>
<cite class=isbn>ISBN 0-9731791-4-7</cite>
<br>
3.6 Song: <a href="lyrics.html#36">"Pond-erosa Puff (live)"</a>
<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
    a list of mirror machines.
<li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/3.6/</code> directory on
    one of the mirror sites.
<li>Have a look at <a href="errata36.html">The 3.6 Errata page</a> for a list
    of bugs and workarounds.
<li>See a <a href="plus36.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
    3.5 and 3.6 releases.
</ul>
<p>
All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
files fetched via <code>ports.tar.gz</code>.
</table>

<hr>

<section id=new>
<h3>What's New</h3>
<p>
This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 3.6.
For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus36.html">changelog</a> leading
to 3.6.
<p>

<ul>

<li>New platform:
<ul>
<li><a href="luna88k.html">OpenBSD/luna88k</a><br>
Expanding the mvme88k porting effort by supporting Omron's line of
88100-based workstations.
</ul>
<p>

<li>SMP support on <a href="i386.html">OpenBSD/i386</a> and <a
href="amd64.html">OpenBSD/amd64</a> platforms.
<p>

<li>New functionality:
<ul>
<li>A cleaned up DHCP
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">server</a>
and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">client</a>
implementation, now featuring privilege separation and safe defaults.
<li>A new
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpd.8">NTP
daemon</a> written from scratch, which ought to fit the needs of most NTP users.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a>
now provides a <i>rules optimizer</i> to help improve filtering speed.
<li>The packet filter,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a>,
now supports nested anchors.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpdrop.8">tcpdrop(8)</a>,
a command to drop TCP connections.
<li>The NMBCLUSTERS option has been eliminated, replaced by a sysctl
with higher default values on many platforms.
<li>Added support for cksum (three flavours), md4, sha256, sha384 and sha512 to
the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/md5.1">md5(1)</a>
command.
<li>Memory file systems created by the
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mount_mfs.8">mount_mfs(8)</a>
command now can be populated immediately after creation.
<li>New
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/i386/hotplugd.8">hotplugd(8)</a>
daemon and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hotplug.4">hotplug(4)</a>
device that watch for newly attached devices.
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/isakmpd.8">isakmpd(8)</a> now supports NAT-traversal and Dead Peer Detection (RFC 3706).
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strtonum.3">strtonum(3)</a>,
a simple, robust and therefore safe function to convert strings to numbers, has
been added.
<li>On the <a href="sparc.html">OpenBSD/sparc</a> platform, StackGhost buffer
overflow exploit protection has been added.
<li>A generic IEEE 802.11 framework has been added.
</ul>
<p>

<li>Improved hardware support, including:
<ul>
<li>Sangoma T1 and E1 cards
(<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/san.4">san(4)</a>).
<li>Jumbo frames are now working reliably on
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/em.4">em(4)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sk.4">sk(4)</a>,
and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ti.4">ti(4)</a>
adapters.
<li>USB 2.0
(<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ehci.4">ehci(4)</a>)
controllers.
<li>AIC79xx-based Ultra320 SCSI adapters, such as the Adaptec 29320 and
39320
(<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ahd.4">ahd(4)</a>).
<li>The i386 and amd64 CD bootloader code no longer emulates a floppy which improves the chances
of booting on newer machines.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/atw.4">atw(4)</a>
driver for ADMtek ADM8211 802.11b wireless adapters.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/axe.4">axe(4)</a>
driver for ASIX Electronics AX88172 USB Ethernet adapters.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cdce.4">cdce(4)</a>
driver for Ethernet over USB bridges.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/i386/ichpcib.4">ichpcib(4)</a>
driver for Intel ICHx/ICHx-M LPC PCI-ISA bridges.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/i386/gscpcib.4">gscpcib(4)</a>
driver for National Semiconductor Geode SC1100 PCI-ISA bridges.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iic.4">iic(4)</a>
driver for Inter IC (I2C) master/slave buses.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/lmtemp.4">lmtemp(4)</a>
driver for National Semiconductor LM75/LM77 temperature sensors.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gscsio.4">gscsio(4)</a>
driver for National Semiconductor Geode SC1100 Super I/O chips.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gpio.4">gpio(4)</a>
driver and accompanying
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/i386/gpioctl.8">gpioctl(8)</a>
utility for supporting General Purpose Input/Output.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/macppc/mediabay.4">mediabay(4)</a>
macppc driver for the ATA33 HD controller over removable CD.
<li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/i386/re.4">re(4)</a>
driver for Realtek 8169/8169S/8110S PCI Ethernet adapters.
<li>hw.setperf sysctl hooks for PowerNow in AMD K6 and K7 processors.
</ul>
<p>

<li>New functionality for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>,
the Border Gateway Protocol Daemon:
<ul>
<li>Kernel memory management improvements now allow the full global
routing table to be kept in memory without customizing or tuning.
<li>Support for adding received prefixes to a <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> table.
<li>Support for IPsec, both manually keyed and using IKE.
<li>Support for setting BGP communities (RFC1997) on incoming and outbound
UPDATES.
<li>Support for NOPEER community (RFC3765).
<li>Partial support for RFC2858 Multiprotocol Capabilities, currently only
IPv4-unicast is announced.
<li>Support for Route Reflection (RFC2796).
<li>Support for dynamic network announcements.
<li>Support for Route Refresh Capability (RFC2918).
</ul>
<p>

<li>Improved NFS performance and reliability.
<p>

<li>Shared libraries and gcc 3.3.2 on the <a href="hppa.html">OpenBSD/hppa</a>
port.
<p>

<li>Privilege separation or revocation for the following programs:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/afsd.8">afsd(8)</a>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mopd.8">mopd(8)</a>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pppoe.8">pppoe(8)</a>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rbootd.8">rbootd(8)</a>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcrelay.8">dhcrelay(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>,
and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a>
</ul>
<p>

<li>Over 2700 ports, 2500 pre-built packages.
<p>

<li>Many improvements for security and reliability (look for the red
print in the <a href="plus36.html">complete changelog</a>).
<p>

<li>As usual, many improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
<p>

<li>OpenSSH 3.9:
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
now re-executes itself on accepting a new connection. This security
measure ensures that all execute-time randomizations are reapplied for each
connection rather than once, for the master process' lifetime. This includes
mmap and malloc mappings, shared library addressing, shared library mapping
order, ProPolice and StackGhost cookies on architectures that support
such things.
<li>Selected environment variables can now be passed between the
client and the server.
<li>Session multiplexing: a single ssh connection can now carry
multiple login/command/file transfer sessions.
</ul>
<p>

<li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
<ul>
<li>XFree86 4.4.0 unencumbered (+ patches, and i386 contains 3.3.6 servers
(+ patches) for legacy chipsets not supported by 4.4)
<li>Gcc 2.95.3
(+ <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gcc-local.1">patches</a>)
and 3.3.2
(+ <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gcc-local.1">patches</a>)
<li>Perl 5.8.5 (+ patches)
<li>Apache 1.3.29, mod_ssl 2.8.16, DSO support (+ patches)
<li>OpenSSL 0.9.7d (+ patches)
<li>Groff 1.15
<li>Sendmail 8.13.0, with libmilter
<li>Bind 9.2.3 (+ patches)
<li>Lynx 2.8.5rel.2 with HTTPS and IPv6 support (+ patches)
<li>Sudo 1.6.7p5
<li>Ncurses 5.2
<li>Latest KAME IPv6
<li>Heimdal 0.6rc1 (+ patches)
<li>Arla 0.35.7
<li>Binutils 2.14
<li>Gdb 6.1
</ul>
<p>

</ul>
</section>

<hr>

<section id=install>
<h3>How to install</h3>
<p>
Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
form of install.  The instructions for doing an ftp (or other style
of) install are very similar; the CDROM instructions are left intact
so that you can see how much easier it would have been if you had
purchased a CDROM instead.
<p>

<hr>
Please refer to the following files on the three CDROMs or ftp mirror for
extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 3.6 on your machine:
<p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/i386/INSTALL.i386">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/i386/INSTALL.i386 (on CD1)</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/vax/INSTALL.vax">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/vax/INSTALL.vax (on CD1)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/amd64/INSTALL.amd64 (on CD2)</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/macppc/INSTALL.macppc (on CD2)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/sparc/INSTALL.sparc">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/sparc/INSTALL.sparc (on CD3)</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64 (on CD3)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/cats/INSTALL.cats">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/cats/INSTALL.cats</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/hp300/INSTALL.hp300">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/hp300/INSTALL.hp300</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/mac68k/INSTALL.mac68k">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/mac68k/INSTALL.mac68k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k">
	.../OpenBSD/3.6/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k</a>
</ul>
</section>

<hr>

<section id=quickinstall>

<p>
Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
use of the "disklabel -E" command.  If you are at all confused when
installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!

<h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>

<p>
Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
<i>CD1:3.6/i386/floppy36.fs</i> to a floppy and boot via the floppy drive.

<p>
Use <i>CD1:3.6/i386/floppyB36.fs</i> instead for greater scsi controller
support, or <i>CD1:3.6/i386/floppyC36.fs</i> for better laptop support.

<p>
If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in
the included INSTALL.i386 document.

<p>
If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.i386.

<p>
To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the &quot;rawrite&quot; utility located
at <i>CD1:3.6/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
use the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)</a>
utility. The following is an example usage of
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)
</a>, where the device could be &quot;floppy&quot;, &quot;rfd0c&quot;, or
&quot;rfd0a&quot;.

<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>dd if=&lt;file&gt; of=/dev/&lt;device&gt; bs=32k</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
<a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>.

<h3>OpenBSD/vax:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.

<h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>

<p>
The 3.6 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
your BIOS options first.
If you can't boot from the CD, you can create a boot floppy to install from.
To do this, write <i>CD2:3.6/amd64/floppy36.fs</i> to a floppy, then
boot from the floppy drive.

<p>
If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
INSTALL.amd64 document.

<p>
If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.amd64.

<h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>

<p>
Put the CD2 in your CDROM drive and poweron your machine while holding down the
<i>C</i> key until the display turns on and shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.

<p>
Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
/3.6/macppc/bsd.rd</i>

<h3>OpenBSD/sparc:</h3>

<p>
The 3.6 release of OpenBSD/sparc is located on CD3. To boot off of this CD you
can use one of the two commands listed below, depending on the version of your
ROM.

<blockquote><pre>
ok <kbd>boot cdrom 3.6/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
or
> <kbd>b sd(0,6,0)3.6/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
To do so you need to write <i>CD3:3.6/sparc/floppy36.fs</i> to a floppy.
For more information see <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>. To boot from
the floppy use one of the two commands listed below, depending on the version of
your ROM.

<blockquote><pre>
ok <kbd>boot floppy</kbd>
or
> <kbd>boot fd()</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<p>
If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
INSTALL.sparc file.

<h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>

<p>
Put the CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.

<p>
If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
<i>CD3:3.6/sparc64/floppy36.fs</i> to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
floppy</i>.<br>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<p>
You can also write <i>CD3:3.6/sparc64/miniroot36.fs</i> to the swap partition on
the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.

<p>
If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64

<h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>3.6/alpha/floppy36.fs</i> or
<i>3.6/alpha/floppyB36.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<h3>OpenBSD/cats:</h3>

<p>
After updating the firmware to at least ABLE 1.95 if necessary, boot
<i>3.6/cats/bsd.rd</i> from an ABLE-supported device (such as a CD-ROM
or an existing FFS or EXT2FS partition).

<h3>OpenBSD/hp300:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.

<h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
<a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.

<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k:</h3>

<p>
Copy bsd.rd to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot it from the PROM.
Alternatively, you can create a bootable tape and boot from it. Refer to
the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/mac68k:</h3>

<p>
Boot MacOS as normal and partition your disk with the appropriate A/UX
configurations.  Then, extract the Macside utilities from
<i>3.6/mac68k/utils</i> onto your hard disk.  Run Mkfs to create your
filesystems on the A/UX partitions you just made.  Then, use the
"BSD/Mac68k Installer" to copy all the sets in <i>3.6/mac68k/</i> onto your
partitions.  Finally, you will be ready to configure the "BSD/Mac68k
Booter" with the location of your kernel and boot the system.

<h3>OpenBSD/mvme68k:</h3>

<p>
You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k
for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/mvme88k:</h3>

<p>
You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k
for more details.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=sourcecode>
<h3>Notes about the source code</h3>
<p>
<code>src.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src</code>.
This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
in a separate archive.  To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
<code>sys.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src/sys</code>.
This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.  Using these trees it
is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
Using these files
results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=upgrade>
<h3>How to upgrade</h3>
<p>
If you already have an OpenBSD 3.5 system, and do not want to reinstall,
upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
<a href="faq/upgrade36.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=ports>
<h3>Ports Tree</h3>
<p>
A ports tree archive is also provided.  To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree.  Go
read the <a href="faq/faq15.html">ports</a> page
if you know nothing about ports
at this point.  This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
OpenBSD ports system.
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cvs.1">cvs(1)</a> if
you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports.  As with our complete
source tree, our ports tree is available via anoncvs.  So, in
order to keep current with it, you must make the <i>ports/</i> tree
available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
like:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd [portsdir]/; cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_3_6</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
[Of course, you must replace the local directory and server name here
with the location of your ports collection and a nearby anoncvs
server.]
<p>
Note that most ports are available as packages on our mirrors. Updated
packages for the 3.6 release will be made available if problems arise.
<p>
If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
would like to know more, the mailing list
<a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
</section>