Annotation of www/48.html, Revision 1.45
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1.38 deraadt 4: <title>OpenBSD 4.8</title>
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1.40 deraadt 15: <p>
1.1 deraadt 16:
1.2 deraadt 17: <a href="images/ElPuffiachi.jpg">
1.38 deraadt 18: <img align="left" width="227" height="343" hspace="24" src="images/ElPuffiachi.jpg"></a>
19: <h2><font color="#0000e0">OpenBSD 4.8</font></h2>
1.1 deraadt 20: <p>
1.33 deraadt 21: Released Nov 1, 2010<br>
1.1 deraadt 22: Copyright 1997-2010, Theo de Raadt.<br>
23: <font color="#e00000">ISBN 978-0-9784475-6-4</font>
24: <br>
1.45 ! deraadt 25: 4.8 Song: <a href="lyrics.html#48">"El Puffiachi"</a>
1.1 deraadt 26: <p>
27: <ul>
1.42 deraadt 28: <li>Order a CDROM from our <a href="https://openbsdstore.com">ordering system</a>.
1.1 deraadt 29: <li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">The FTP page</a> for
30: a list of mirror machines.
31: <li>Go to the <font color="#e00000">pub/OpenBSD/4.8/</font> directory on
32: one of the mirror sites.
33: <li>Have a look at <a href="errata48.html">The 4.8 Errata page</a> for a list
34: of bugs and workarounds.
35: <li>See a <a href="plus48.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
36: 4.7 and 4.8 releases.
37: </ul>
38: <br clear=all>
1.39 deraadt 39: <p>
1.38 deraadt 40: All applicable copyrights and credits can be found in the applicable
41: file sources found in the files src.tar.gz, sys.tar.gz,
42: xenocara.tar.gz, or in the files fetched via ports.tar.gz. The
43: distribution files used to build packages from the ports.tar.gz file
44: are not included on the CDROM because of lack of space.
1.1 deraadt 45: <p>
46:
47: <a name="new"></a>
48: <hr>
49: <p>
50: <h3><font color="#0000e0">What's New</font></h3>
51: <p>
52: This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 4.8.
53: For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus48.html">changelog</a> leading
54: to 4.8.
55: <p>
56:
57: <ul>
58:
59: <li>New/extended platforms:
60: <ul>
1.21 deraadt 61: <li>i386 and amd64:
62: <ul>
63: <li>ACPI-based suspend/resume works on most machines with Intel/ATI video.
1.28 stsp 64: Machines using NVidia graphics will not resume the graphics. cardbus(4) and
1.21 deraadt 65: pcmcia(4) will still have some problems, too.
66: </ul>
1.1 deraadt 67: </ul>
68: <p>
69:
70: <li>Improved hardware support, including:
71: <ul>
1.6 jsg 72: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=acpisony&sektion=4&format=html">acpisony(4)</a>
73: driver for Sony ACPI control.
74: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=itherm&sektion=4&format=html">itherm(4)</a>
75: driver for Intel 3400 temperature sensor.
76: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=se&sektion=4&format=html">se(4)</a>
77: driver for SiS 190 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet devices.
78: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=uguru&sektion=4&format=html">uguru(4)</a>
79: driver for ABIT temperature, voltage and fan sensors.
80: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=owctr&sektion=4&format=html">owctr(4)</a>
81: driver for 1-Wire counter devices.
1.14 jasper 82: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pgs&arch=macppc&secktion=4">pgs(4)</a>
83: driver for Programmers Switch found on some macppc machines.
1.7 jsg 84: <li>Support for 82576 fiber and 82577/82578 (PCH) based devices
85: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4">em(4)</a>.
86: <li>Support for 24-bit encodings and USB 2.0 playback
87: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4">uaudio(4)</a>.
88: <li>Support for Winbond/Nuvoton W83627DHG-P
89: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=wbsio&sektion=4">wbsio(4)</a>.
90: <li>Support for RTL8168E
91: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4">re(4)</a>.
92: <li>Support for 800x480
93: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=udl&sektion=4">udl(4)</a>.
94: <li>Support for M-audio Audiophile 192k
95: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=envy&sektion=4">envy(4)</a>.
96: <li>Support for Intel Core i3/i5 internal graphics (Ironlake)
97: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=inteldrm&sektion=4">inteldrm(4)</a>
98: and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=agp&sektion=4">agp(4)</a>.
1.34 damien 99: <li>The <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ss&sektion=4&manpath=OpenBSD+4.7&format=html">ss(4)</a> and
100: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=usscanner&sektion=4&manpath=OpenBSD+4.7&format=html">usscanner(4)</a>
1.14 jasper 101: drivers have been removed.
1.22 mikeb 102: <li>Improved robustness of several SCSI/SAS/RAID HBA drivers, including
103: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpi&sektion=4&format=html">mpi(4)</a>,
104: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpii&sektion=4&format=html">mpii(4)</a> and
105: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&format=html">ciss(4)</a>.
1.1 deraadt 106: </ul>
107: <p>
108:
109: <li>New tools:
110: <ul>
1.11 jsg 111: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=iked&sektion=8">iked(8)</a>,
112: an Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) daemon.
113: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ldapd&sektion=8">ldapd(8)</a>,
114: a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) daemon.
1.1 deraadt 115: </ul>
116: <p>
117:
118: <li>Filesystem midlayer improvements:
119: <ul>
1.30 stsp 120: <li>fix internal locking in (still experimental!) NTFS.
1.1 deraadt 121: </ul>
122: <p>
123:
124: <li>OpenBGPD, OpenOSPFD and other routing daemon improvements:
125: <ul>
1.24 claudio 126: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgpd&sektion=8">bgpd(8)</a> control sockets are now specified in the config file. This removes the -s and -r arguments to bgpd.
127: <li>Extended the BGP MPLS VPN support to allow Layer-3 MPLS VPNs to be
128: terminated on OpenBSD with the help of
129: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpe&sektion=4">mpe(4)</a>,
130: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ldpd&sektion=8">ldpd(8)</a>, and
131: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgpd&sektion=8">bgpd(8)</a>.
132: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgpd&sektion=8">bgpd(8)</a>
133: supports multiple FIBs and it is possible to assign them to RIBs for
134: redistribution.
135: <li>bgpd now supports to use neighbor-as in AS filter statements and added
1.25 deraadt 136: two new filters -- max-as-seq and max-as-len -- to limit the length of
1.24 claudio 137: a sequence of a single AS or the total length of an AS path.
138: <li>Added softreconfig support in bgpd for peers changing the RIB.
139: <li>Fixed multiprotocol MRT dumps and added 4-byte AS-Number support in
140: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgpd&sektion=8">bgpd(8)</a>.
141: <li>Added support for ping6 and traceroute6 in
142: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgplg&sektion=8">bgplg(8)</a>
143: and
144: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgplgsh&sektion=8">bgplgsh(8)</a>
145: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ospfd&sektion=8">ospfd(8)</a>
146: has better LSA pruning and config reload support.
1.20 stsp 147: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ospf6d&sektion=8">ospf6d(8)</a>
1.26 stsp 148: now supports LSAs larger than the link MTU, has improved interoperability
1.20 stsp 149: with other OSPFv3 implementations, can redistribute the default route,
150: and will correctly handle IPv6 prefixes advertised by neighbours on
151: the same link but not configured on the router itself.
1.24 claudio 152: <li>Various improvements in
153: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ldpd&sektion=8">ldpd(8)</a>
154: including correct penultimate hop popping, better session handling,
1.32 jj 155: and a improved config file parser.
1.1 deraadt 156: </ul>
157: <p>
158:
159: <li>Generic network stack improvements:
160: <ul>
1.17 schwarze 161: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sekti
162: on=8">ifconfig(8)</a> and
1.24 claudio 163: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8">route(8)</a>
164: get better Multiprotocol Label Switching support.
165: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=traceroute&sektion=8">traceroute(8)</a>
166: now supports extended ICMP headers which allows printing of MPLS
167: labels.
1.8 stsp 168: <li>Support for RFC 4941 privacy extensions for stateless address
169: autoconfiguration has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=inet6&sektion=4">inet6(4)</a> and can be enabled via
170: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8">ifconfig(8)</a>.
1.16 schwarze 171: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8">ifconfig(8)</a>
172: now supports random selection of MAC addresses.
173: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=8">tcpdump(8)</a>
1.17 schwarze 174: now decodes Multicast Listener Discovery version 2 and
175: Internet Key Exchange version 2 traffic.
1.11 jsg 176: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=enc&sektion=4">enc(4)</a> and
177: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ipsec&sektion=4">ipsec(4)</a> are now
178: aware of routing domains.
1.24 claudio 179: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dhcpd&sektion=8">dhcpd(8)</a> and
180: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dhclient&sektion=8">dhclient(8)</a> and
181: are now capable of running in different routing domains.
182: <li>Added MPLS support and a simple keepalive mechanism to
183: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4">gre(4)</a>.
184: <li>Added MPLS support to
185: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4">gif(4)</a>.
186: <li>Support for 802.1ad-style QinQ nested VLANs with the addition of
187: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=svlan&sektion=4">svlan(4)</a> (service VLAN) interfaces.
188: <li>Added a RTM_DESYNC routing message as indicator that route messages
189: got dropped because of insufficent buffer space.
190: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ospfd&sektion=8">ospfd(8)</a>
191: uses this message to keep the internal view of the routing table in sync.
1.1 deraadt 192: </ul>
193: <p>
194:
1.29 krw 195: <li>SCSI improvements:
196: <ul>
197: <li>better <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4">cd(4)</a> detaching.
198: <li>better <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=st&sektion=4">st(4)</a> sense data and buf handling.
199: <li>eliminate excessive delays when starting DVD playing.
200: <li>ask only for minimal (i.e. 18 bytes) sense data, fixing usb devices.
201: <li>migrate to using bufq.
202: <li>always try READ CAPACITY 16 on devices claiming to be SCSI-3.
203: <li>many performance and reliability improvements as a result of new SCSI midlayer:
204: <ul>
1.31 dlg 205: <li>introduce round-robin scheduling of resources for outstanding device commands to prevent a single device from monopolising the bus.
206: <li>significant reduction in memory consumption used for tracking devices attached to buses.
1.29 krw 207: <li>eliminate many unnecessary splbio/splx calls in SCSI drivers.
208: <li>eliminate many use after free's exposed by new SCSI midlayer.
209: <li>eliminate scsi_scsi_cmd(), simplifying calling inside SCSI midlayer.
210: <li>eliminate struct scsi_device.
211: <li>eliminate many uninitialized data references and invalid scsi_done() calls exposed by new SCSI midlayer.
212: <li>eliminate use of EAGAIN.
213: <li>eliminate almost all uses of NO_CCB and XS_NO_CCB.
214: </ul>
215: </ul>
216: <p>
217:
1.1 deraadt 218: <li>Assorted improvements:
219: <ul>
1.17 schwarze 220: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mbtowc&sektion=3">mbtowc(3)</a> multi-byte/wide-character conversion functions
221: have been added to the C library, and
222: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=setlocale&sektion=3">setlocale(3)</a>
223: now supports the en_US.UTF-8 locale.
224: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=posix_madvise&sektion=2">posix_madvise(2)</a>,
225: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=posix_memalign&sektion=3">posix_memalign(3)</a>,
226: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=strndup&sektion=3">strndup(3)</a>, and
227: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=strnlen&sektion=3">strnlen(3)</a>
228: have been added to the C library.
1.16 schwarze 229: <li>The <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=event&sektion=3">event(3)</a> library
1.17 schwarze 230: was updated to version 1.4.14b.
1.16 schwarze 231: <li>The <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pthreads&sektion=3">pthreads(3)</a> library
232: now implements the <tt>pthread_rwlock_timed{rd,wr}lock</tt> interfaces.
1.17 schwarze 233: <li>AES-NI support has been integrated into the OpenSSL
234: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=3">crypto(3)</a> library.
1.12 ratchov 235: <li>MIDI control in non-server mode was added to
236: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=aucat&sektion=1">aucat(1)</a>,
237: including seeking within .wav files
238: <li>A new record-what-you-hear feature was added to
239: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=aucat&sektion=1">aucat(1)</a>.
240: <li>The minimum extra latency of the
241: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=aucat&sektion=1">aucat(1)</a>
242: server was lowered to a single block, improving
243: usability of low-latency programs without stability compromise.
1.16 schwarze 244: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a>
245: now supports unique disk identifiers.
1.17 schwarze 246: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ftp&sektion=1">ftp(1)</a>
247: now handles redirection to relative URLs in the Location: header
248: of HTTP responses.
249: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=lint&sektion=1">lint(1)</a>
250: now recognizes the C99 data types _Bool and _Complex
251: and some related gcc extensions.
252: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1">make(1)</a>
253: now allows variables in SysV modifiers,
254: and implements the :QL (quote list) modifier.
1.16 schwarze 255: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1">man(1)</a> now allows to combine the -s option with -m or -M.
1.17 schwarze 256: <li>Improved directory editing in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mg&sektion=1">mg(1)</a>.
1.16 schwarze 257: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8">newfs(8)</a> has been tweaked to better support large file systems.
258: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1">od(1)</a>
259: now supports the POSIX -A option to select an input address base.
260: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sendbug&sektion=1">sendbug(1)</a>
261: now includes the output of <tt>usbdevs -v</tt> into the template.
262: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=smtpd&sektion=8">smtpd(8)</a>
263: now supports the SIZE and ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES extensions
1.17 schwarze 264: and the "plain" backend for maps, and performance was improved when handling large amounts of mail.
1.24 claudio 265: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=snmpd&sektion=8">snmpd(8)</a>
266: now supports the IP-FORWARD-MIB.
1.17 schwarze 267: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=wsconsctl&sektion=8">wsconsctl(8)</a> now handles more than one keyboard, mouse and display.
1.14 jasper 268: <li>Many memory leaks have been fixed in various userland utilities.
1.23 mikeb 269: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/amd64.html">amd64</a>,
270: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/i386.html">i386</a>,
271: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/hppa.html">hppa</a>,
272: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html">sparc64</a>,
273: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/socppc.html">socppc</a> and
274: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/macppc.html">macppc</a>
275: platforms were switched over to gcc4.
1.29 krw 276: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8">newfs(8)</a> now makes FFS2 the default for partitions larger than INT_MAX blocks.
277: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dhcpd&sektion=8">dhcpd(8)</a> now includes the server id in NAK messages, as required by some
278: relays.
279: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a> now aligns the start and end of FFS partitions on bsize boundaries where it can, to improve performance on 4096-byte block devices.
280: <li>by default, read and write caching is now turned on for non-USB scsi disks.
281: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=getdirentries&sektion=2">getdirentries(2)</a> now checks to ensure that it doesn't wrap or truncate directory information on architectures where LONG is a different size from LONG LONG.
282: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a> now ensures correct physical bounds and disk size are used when building a disklabel from saved ascii disklabel.
283: <li>it is again possible to build a bsd.rd that has DDB.
284: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pms&sektion=4">pms(4)</a> now works much better with various trackpads and over suspend/resume cycles.
285: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=fdisk&sektion=8">fdisk(8)</a> now aligns the OpenBSD partition on a power of 2 block boundary to improve performance on 4096-byte block devices.
286: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=nfsd&sektion=8">nfsd(8)</a> now logs start up errors to the system log as well as the console.
287: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=nfsd&sektion=8">nfsd(8)</a> now errors out if given an invalid number of servers to run.
1.1 deraadt 288: </ul>
289: <p>
290:
291: <li>Install/Upgrade process changes:
292: <ul>
1.13 jasper 293: <li>If the system time is off by more than 120 seconds, ask if the user
294: wants to set it accordingly.
1.16 schwarze 295: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a>
296: now allows to customize auto allocated labels using the -R option.
1.13 jasper 297: <li>Default network install method changed from FTP to HTTP.
298: <li>Automatically set
299: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pkg.conf&sektion=5">/etc/pkg.conf</a>
300: `installfrom' entry to the public mirror used while installing or upgrading.
1.17 schwarze 301: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sysmerge&sektion=8">sysmerge(8)</a> now automatically installs missing users and groups.
1.29 krw 302: <li>Eliminate more excessively chatty remarks during install.
303: <li>Handle disk UID partitions better.
1.1 deraadt 304: </ul>
305: <p>
306:
1.7 jsg 307: <li>OpenSSH 5.6:
1.1 deraadt 308: <ul>
309: <li>New features:
1.14 jasper 310: <ul>
311: <li>Added a <em>ControlPersist</em> option to
312: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh_config&sektion=5">ssh_config(5)</a>.
313: <li>Hostbased authentication may now use certificate host keys.
314: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>
315: now supports signing certificate using a CA key that has been stored
316: in a PKCS#11 token.
317: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
318: will now log the hostname and address that we connected to at
319: LogLevel=verbose after authentication is successful to mitigate
320: "phishing" attacks.
321: <li>Expand %h to the hostname in ssh_config Hostname options.
322: <li>Allow <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>
323: to import and export of PEM and PKCS#8 keys.
324: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>
325: will now queue debug messages for bad ownership or permissions on
326: the user's keyfiles encountered during authentication.
327: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
328: connection multiplexing now supports remote forwarding with
329: dynamic port allocation and can report the allocated port back to
330: the user.
331: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>
332: now supports indirection in matching of principal names listed in
333: certificates.
334: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>
335: now has a new <em>AuthorizedPrincipalsFile</em> option.
336: <li>Additional <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd_config&sektion=5">sshd_config(5)</a>
337: options are now valid inside Match blocks:
338: <ul>
339: <li><em>AuthorizedKeysFile</em>
340: <li><em>AuthorizedPrincipalsFile</em>
341: <li><em>HostbasedUsesNameFromPacketOnly</em>
342: <li><em>PermitTunnel</em>
343: </ul>
1.1 deraadt 344: </ul>
345: <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
346: <ul>
1.14 jasper 347: <li>The PKCS#11 code now retries a lookup for a private key if there is
348: no matching key with <em>CKA_SIGN</em> attribute enabled (bz#1736).
349: <li>Unbreak strdelim() skipping past quoted strings.
350: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:
351: fix swapped args in upload_dir_internal() (bz#1797).
352: <li>Fix a longstanding problem where if you suspend
353: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>
354: at the password/passphrase prompt the terminal mode is not restored.
355: <li>Fix a PKCS#11 crash on some smartcards by validating the length
356: returned for C_GetAttributValue (bz#1773).
357: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:
358: fix ls in working directories that contain globbing
359: characters in their pathnames (bz#1655).
360: <li>Print warning for missing home directory when
361: <em>ChrootDirectory=none.</em> (bz#1564).
362: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:
363: fix a memory leak in do_realpath() error path (bz#1771).
364: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
365: Standardise error messages when attempting to open
366: private key files to include "progname: filename: error reason" (bz#1783).
367: <li>Replace verbose and overflow-prone Linebuf code with
368: read_keyfile_line() (bz#1565).
369: <li>Include the user name on "subsystem request for ..." log messages.
370: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
371: and
372: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
373: remove hardcoded limit of 100 permitopen clauses and port forwards
374: per direction (bz#1327).
375: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
376: ignore stderr output from subsystems to avoid hangs if a subsystem
377: or shell initialisation writes to stderr (bz#1750).
378: <li>Skip the initial check for access with an empty password when
379: <em>PermitEmptyPasswords=no</em> (bz#1638).
380: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
381: fix logspam when key options (from="..." especially) deny
382: non-matching keys (bz#1765).
383: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
384: display a more helpful error message when $HOME is
385: inaccessible while trying to create .ssh directory (bz#1740).
386: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
387: fix hang when terminating a mux slave using ~ (bz#1758).
388: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
389: refuse to generate keys longer than
390: <em>OPENSSL_[RD]SA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS</em> (bz#1516).
391: <li>Suppress spurious tty warning when using -O and stdin is not a tty
392: (bz#1746).
393: <li>Kill channel when pty allocation requests fail (bz#1698).
1.1 deraadt 394: </ul>
395: </ul>
396: <p>
397:
1.15 schwarze 398: <li>Mandoc 1.10.5:
399: <ul>
400: <li>The <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mandoc&sektion=1">mandoc(1)</a>
401: utility is now used to build all manuals in the base system
402: and in Xenocara from
403: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mdoc&sektion=7">mdoc(7)</a> and
404: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=7">man(7)</a>
405: sources.
406: <li>New integrated roff preprocessor with minimal support for conditional
407: requests, nested roff requests, string definitions, roff registers,
408: also parsing and ignoring macro definitions.
409: <li>Improved support for manual pages generated by
410: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pod2man&sektion=1">pod2man(1)</a>.
411: <li>Many parser improvements, in particular
412: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mdoc&sektion=7">mdoc(7)</a>
413: support for word keeps, synopsis mode in arbitrary sections,
414: graceful handling of badly nested blocks, and improved parsing
415: of column displays.
416: <li>New PostScript and PDF output frontends.
417: <li>Many ASCII and HTML output formatting improvements, for example
418: proper synopsis indentation and improved end-of-sentence detection.
419: <li>Considerably improved syntax checking and error reporting.
420: </ul>
1.1 deraadt 421: <p>
422:
423: <li>Over 6,400 ports, major robustness and speed improvements in package tools.
424: <li>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
425: <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="95%">
426: <tr>
427: <td valign="top" width="25%">
428: <ul>
429: <li>i386: 6218
430: <li>sparc64: 5950
431: <li>alpha: 5827
432: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
1.18 deraadt 433: <li>sh: 1100
1.1 deraadt 434: <li>amd64: 6166
435: <li>powerpc: 5996
436: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
437: <li>sparc: 4130
1.19 deraadt 438: <li>arm: 5628
1.1 deraadt 439: <li>hppa: 5632
440: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
441: <li>vax: 1528
442: <li>mips64: 3632
443: <li>mips64el: 4486
444: </ul></td></tr></table>
445: Some highlights:
446: <ul>
1.3 landry 447: <li>Gnome 2.30.2.
1.1 deraadt 448: <li>KDE 3.5.10.
1.3 landry 449: <li>Xfce 4.6.2.
1.5 jasper 450: <li>MySQL 5.1.48.
1.3 landry 451: <li>PostgreSQL 8.4.4.
452: <li>Postfix 2.7.1.
1.1 deraadt 453: <li>OpenLDAP 2.3.43.
1.3 landry 454: <li>Mozilla Firefox 3.6.8 and 3.5.11.
455: <li>Mozilla Thunderbird 3.1.1.
456: <li>OpenOffice.org 3.2.1.
1.1 deraadt 457: <li>Emacs 21.4 and 22.3
1.3 landry 458: <li>Vim 7.2.444.
459: <li>PHP 5.2.13.
460: <li>Python 2.4.6, 2.5.4 and 2.6.5.
1.1 deraadt 461: <li>Ruby 1.8.6.369.
1.13 jasper 462: <li>Mono 2.6.4.
1.1 deraadt 463: </ul>
464: <p>
465:
466: <li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
467: <p>
468:
469: <li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
470: <ul>
1.9 matthieu 471: <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.5 with xserver 1.8 + patches,
1.4 jasper 472: freetype 2.3.12,
473: fontconfig 2.8.0, Mesa 7.8.2, xterm 258 and more)
474: <li>Gcc 2.95.3 (+ patches), 3.3.5 (+ patches) and 4.2.1 (+patches)
1.1 deraadt 475: <li>Perl 5.10.1 (+ patches)
476: <li>Our improved and secured version of Apache 1.3, with SSL/TLS
477: and DSO support
478: <li>OpenSSL 0.9.8k (+ patches)
479: <li>Groff 1.15
480: <li>Sendmail 8.14.3, with libmilter
481: <li>Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches)
482: <li>Lynx 2.8.6rel.5 with HTTPS and IPv6 support (+ patches)
483: <li>Sudo 1.7.2
484: <li>Ncurses 5.7
485: <li>Latest KAME IPv6
486: <li>Heimdal 0.7.2 (+ patches)
487: <li>Arla 0.35.7
488: <li>Binutils 2.15 (+ patches)
489: <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
490: </ul>
491: <p>
492:
493: </ul>
494:
495: <a name="install"></a>
496: <hr>
497: <p>
498: <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to install</font></h3>
499: <p>
500: Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
501: paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
502: form of install. The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style
503: of) install are very similar; the CDROM instructions are left intact
504: so that you can see how much easier it would have been if you had
505: purchased a CDROM instead.
506: <p>
507:
508: <hr>
509: Please refer to the following files on the three CDROMs or FTP mirror for
510: extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 4.8 on your machine:
511: <p>
512: <ul>
513: <li>CD1:4.8/i386/INSTALL.i386
514: <p>
515: <li>CD2:4.8/amd64/INSTALL.amd64
516: <li>CD2:4.8/macppc/INSTALL.macppc
517: <p>
518: <li>CD3:4.8/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64
519: <p>
520: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/alpha/INSTALL.alpha
521: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/armish/INSTALL.armish
522: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/hp300/INSTALL.hp300
523: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/hppa/INSTALL.hppa
524: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/landisk/INSTALL.landisk
525: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/loongson/INSTALL.loongson
526: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k
527: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k
528: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/sgi/INSTALL.sgi
529: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/socppc/INSTALL.socppc
530: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/sparc/INSTALL.sparc
531: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/vax/INSTALL.vax
532: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.8/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus
533: </ul>
534: <hr>
535:
536: <p>
537: Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
538: use of the "disklabel -E" command. If you are at all confused when
539: installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!
540: <p>
541:
542: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/i386:</font></h3>
543: <ul>
544: Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
545: release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
546: to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
547: <i>CD1:4.8/i386/floppy48.fs</i> to a floppy and boot via the floppy drive.
548:
549: <p>
550: Use <i>CD1:4.8/i386/floppyB48.fs</i> instead for greater SCSI controller
551: support, or <i>CD1:4.8/i386/floppyC48.fs</i> for better laptop support.
552:
553: <p>
554: If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
555: you can install across the network using PXE as described in
556: the included INSTALL.i386 document.
557:
558: <p>
559: If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
560: read INSTALL.i386.
561:
562: <p>
563: To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the "rawrite" utility located
564: at <i>CD1:4.8/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
565: use the
566: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1">dd(1)</a>
567: utility. The following is an example usage of
568: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1">dd(1)</a>,
569: where the device could be "floppy", "rfd0c", or
570: "rfd0a".
571:
572: <ul><pre>
573: # <strong>dd if=<file> of=/dev/<device> bs=32k</strong>
574: </pre></ul>
575:
576: <p>
577: Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
578: your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
579: floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
1.10 lum 580: <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">FAQ 4.3.2</a>.
1.1 deraadt 581: </ul>
582:
583: <p>
584: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/amd64:</font></h3>
585: <ul>
586: The 4.8 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
587: Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
588: your BIOS options first.
589: If you can't boot from the CD, you can create a boot floppy to install from.
590: To do this, write <i>CD2:4.8/amd64/floppy48.fs</i> to a floppy, then
591: boot from the floppy drive.
592:
593: <p>
594: If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
595: you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
596: INSTALL.amd64 document.
597:
598: <p>
599: If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
600: read INSTALL.amd64.
601: </ul>
602:
603: <p>
604: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/macppc:</font></h3>
605: <ul>
606: Put CD2 in your CDROM drive and poweron your machine while holding down the
607: <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
608:
609: <p>
610: Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
611: /4.8/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
612: </ul>
613:
614: <p>
615: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc64:</font></h3>
616: <ul>
617: Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.
618:
619: <p>
620: If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
621: <i>CD3:4.8/sparc64/floppy48.fs</i> or <i>CD3:4.8/sparc64/floppyB48.fs</i>
622: (depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
623: floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
624:
625: <p>
626: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
627: will most likely fail.
628:
629: <p>
630: You can also write <i>CD3:4.8/sparc64/miniroot48.fs</i> to the swap partition on
631: the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
632:
633: <p>
634: If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
635: </ul>
636:
637: <p>
638: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/alpha:</font></h3>
639: <ul>
640: <p>Write <i>FTP:4.8/alpha/floppy48.fs</i> or
641: <i>FTP:4.8/alpha/floppyB48.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
642: enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
643:
644: <p>
645: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
646: will most likely fail.
647:
648: </ul>
649:
650: <p>
651: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/armish:</font></h3>
652: <ul>
653: <p>
654: After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network
655: either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,
656: then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.
657: IOData HDL-G can only boot from an EXT-2 partition. Boot into linux
658: and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)
659: then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.
660: More details are available in INSTALL.armish.
661: </ul>
662:
663: <p>
664: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hp300:</font></h3>
665: <ul>
666: <p>
667: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.
668: </ul>
669:
670: <p>
671: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hppa:</font></h3>
672: <ul>
673: <p>
674: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
675: <a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
676: </ul>
677:
678: <p>
679: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/landisk:</font></h3>
680: <ul>
681: <p>
682: Write <i>miniroot48.fs</i> to the start of the CF
683: or disk, and boot normally.
684: </ul>
685:
686: <p>
687: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/loongson:</font></h3>
688: <ul>
689: <p>
690: Write <i>miniroot48.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
691: or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
692: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
693: </ul>
694: <p>
695:
696: <p>
697: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme68k:</font></h3>
698: <ul>
699: <p>
700: You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
701: The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
702: and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k
703: for more details.
704: </ul>
705:
706: <p>
707: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme88k:</font></h3>
708: <ul>
709: <p>
710: You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
711: The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
712: and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k
713: for more details.
714: </ul>
715:
716: <p>
717: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sgi:</font></h3>
718: <ul>
719: <p>
720: To install on an O2, burn cd48.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
721: machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
722: menu.
723:
724: <p>
725: On other systems, or if your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can
726: setup a DHCP/tftp network server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using
727: the kernel matching your system type.
728: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
729: </ul>
730:
731: <p>
732: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/socppc:</font></h3>
733: <ul>
734: <p>
735: After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.
736: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.
737: </ul>
738:
739: <p>
740: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc:</font></h3>
741: <ul>
742: Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two
743: commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.
744:
745: <ul><pre>
746: ok <strong>boot cdrom 4.8/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>
747: or
748: > <strong>b sd(0,6,0)4.8/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>
749: </pre></ul>
750:
751: <p>
752: If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
753: To do so you need to write <i>floppy48.fs</i> to a floppy.
1.35 lum 754: For more information see <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">FAQ 4.3.2</a>.
1.1 deraadt 755: To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,
756: depending on the version of your ROM.
757:
758: <ul><pre>
759: ok <strong>boot floppy</strong>
760: or
761: > <strong>b fd()</strong>
762: </pre></ul>
763:
764: <p>
765: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
766: will most likely fail.
767:
768: <p>
769: If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
770: setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
771: INSTALL.sparc file.
772: </ul>
773:
774: <p>
775: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/vax:</font></h3>
776: <ul>
777: Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.
778: </ul>
779:
780: <p>
781: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/zaurus:</font></h3>
782: <ul>
783: <p>
784: Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the
785: openbsd48_arm.ipk package. Reboot, then run it. Read INSTALL.zaurus
786: for a few important details.
787: </ul>
788:
789: <p>
790: <h3><font color="#e00000">Notes about the source code:</font></h3>
791: <ul>
792: src.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src. This file
793: contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
794: in a separate archive. To extract:
795: <p>
796: <ul><pre>
797: # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src</strong>
798: # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>
799: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</strong>
800: </pre></ul>
801: <p>
802: sys.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src/sys.
803: This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
804: To extract:
805: <p>
806: <ul><pre>
807: # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</strong>
808: # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>
809: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</strong>
810: </pre></ul>
811: <p>
812: Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout. Using these trees it
813: is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
814: described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
815: Using these files
816: results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
817: a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
818: <p>
819: </ul>
820:
821: <a name="upgrade"></a>
822: <hr>
823: <p>
824: <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to upgrade</font></h3>
825: <p>
826: If you already have an OpenBSD 4.7 system, and do not want to reinstall,
827: upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
828: <a href="faq/upgrade48.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
829:
830: <a name="ports"></a>
831: <hr>
832: <p>
833: <h3><font color="#0000e0">Ports Tree</font></h3>
834: <p>
835: A ports tree archive is also provided. To extract:
836: <p>
837: <ul><pre>
838: # <strong>cd /usr</strong>
839: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</strong>
840: # <strong>cd ports</strong>
841: </pre></ul>
842: <p>
843: The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree. Go
844: read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
845: if you know nothing about ports
846: at this point. This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
847: Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
848: OpenBSD ports system.
849: <p>
850: The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
851: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=cvs&apropos=0&sektion=1&manpath=OpenBSD+Current&arch=i386">
852: cvs(1)</a> if
853: you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports. As with our complete
854: source tree, our ports tree is available via anoncvs. So, in
855: order to keep current with it, you must make the <i>ports/</i> tree
856: available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
857: like:
858: <p>
859: <ul><pre>
860: # <strong>cd [portsdir]/; cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_4_8</strong>
861: </pre></ul>
862: <p>
863: [Of course, you must replace the local directory and server name here
864: with the location of your ports collection and a nearby anoncvs
865: server.]
866: <p>
867: Note that most ports are available as packages through FTP. Updated
868: packages for the 4.8 release will be made available if problems arise.
869: <p>
870: If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
871: would like to know more, the mailing list ports@openbsd.org is a good
872: place to know.
873: <p>
874:
875: </body>
876: </html>
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