Annotation of www/49.html, Revision 1.15
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4: <title>OpenBSD 4.9 Release</title>
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17: <img alt="[OpenBSD]" height="30" width="141" hspace="24" src="images/smalltitle.gif" border="0"></a>
18: <hr>
19:
20: <p>
21: <a href="images/Hitchhiker.jpg">
22: <img align="left" width="227" height="343" hspace="24" vspace="30"
23: src="images/Hitchhiker.jpg" alt="OpenBSD 4.9 logo"></a>
24: <h2><font color="#0000e0">The OpenBSD 4.9 Release:</font></h2>
25: <p>
26: Released May 1, 2011<br>
27: Copyright 1997-2011, Theo de Raadt.<br>
28: <font color="#e00000">ISBN 978-0-9784475-7-1</font>
29: <br>
30: <a href="lyrics.html#49">4.9 Song: "The Answer"</a>
31: <p>
32:
33: <a href="#new">What's New</a><br>
34: <a href="#install">How to install</a><br>
35: <a href="#upgrade">How to upgrade</a><br>
36: <a href="#ports">How to use the ports tree</a><br>
37: <a href="orders.html">Ordering a CD set</a><br>
38:
39: <p>
40: <h3><font color="#0000e0">
41: To get the files for this release:
42: <ul>
43: <li>Pre-order a CDROM from our <a href="orders.html">ordering system</a>.
44: <li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">The FTP page</a> for
45: a list of mirror machines.
46: <li>Go to the <font color="#e00000">pub/OpenBSD/4.9/</font> directory on
47: one of the mirror sites.
48: <li>Briefly read the rest of this document.
49: <li>Have a look at <a href="errata49.html">The 4.9 Errata page</a> for a list
50: of bugs and workarounds.
51: <li>See a <a href="plus49.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
52: 4.8 and 4.9 releases.
53: </ul>
54: </font></h3>
55: <br clear=all>
56:
57: <strong>Note:</strong> All applicable copyrights and credits can be found
58: in the applicable file sources found in the files src.tar.gz, sys.tar.gz,
59: xenocara.tar.gz, or in the files fetched via ports.tar.gz. The distribution
60: files used to build packages from the ports.tar.gz file are not included on
61: the CDROM because of lack of space.
62: <p>
63:
64: <a name="new"></a>
65: <hr>
66: <p>
67: <h3><font color="#0000e0">What's New</font></h3>
68: <p>
69: This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 4.9.
70: For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus49.html">changelog</a> leading
71: to 4.9.
72: <p>
73:
74: <ul>
75:
1.3 deraadt 76: <li>New/extended platforms:
77: <ul>
78: <li>i386 and amd64:
79: <ul>
1.11 jj 80: <li>Enabled the NTFS by default on GENERIC kernels.
81: <li>Added a <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vmt&sektion=4&format=html">vmt(4)</a> driver for VMWare tools support as a guest.
82: <li>SMP kernels can now boot on machines with up to 64 cores.
83: <li>Maximum allocation size for i386 bumped to 2G.
1.3 deraadt 84: </ul>
85: <li>sparc64:
86: <ul>
87: <li>Support the virtual disk procotol on sun4v machines well enough
88: to install them from from virtual cdroms.
1.11 jj 89: <li>Added support for the XVR-300 graphics card.
1.3 deraadt 90: </ul>
91: <li>hppa:
92: <ul>
93: <li>Multiprocessor support.
94: </ul>
95: <li>...
96: <ul>
97: <li>...
98: </ul>
99: <li>...
100: <ul>
101: <li>...
102: </ul>
103: </ul>
104: <p>
105:
106: <li>Improved hardware support, including:
107: <ul>
1.9 kevlo 108: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vte&sektion=4&format=html">vte(4)</a>
109: driver for RDC R6040 10/100 Ethernet devices.</li>
1.10 jsg 110: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rdcphy&sektion=4&format=html">rdcphy(4)</a>
111: driver for RDC Semiconductor R6040 10/100 Ethernet PHY.
112: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rsu&sektion=4&format=html">rsu(4)</a>
113: driver for Realtek RTL8188SU/RTL8192SU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n.
114: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=urtwn&sektion=4&format=html">urtwn(4)</a>
115: driver for Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n.
116: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=utwitch&sektion=4&format=html">utwitch(4)</a>
117: driver for YUREX USB twitch/jiggle of knee sensor.
118: <li>Support for AR9271, AR9280+AR7010 and AR9287+AR7010 USB IEEE 802.11a/g/n
119: adapters has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=athn&sektion=4&format=html">athn(4)</a>.
120: <li>Support for 82583V
121: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4">em(4)</a>.
122: <li>Support for Yukon 88E8059
123: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=msk&sektion=4">msk(4)</a>.
124: <li>Support for SiS191
125: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=se&sektion=4">se(4)</a>.
126: <li>Support for SAS2004
127: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpii&sektion=4">mpii(4)</a>.
128: <li>Support for NVIDIA MCP89 SATA
129: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pciide&sektion=4">pciide(4)</a>.
130: <li>Suppport for Mobility Radeon HD 4200
131: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=radeondrm&sektion=4">radeondrm(4)</a>.
1.3 deraadt 132: </ul>
133: <p>
134:
135: <li>Generic network stack improvements:
136: <ul>
1.7 dlg 137: <li>Reworking of the MCLGETI livelock algorithm to improve
138: forwarding and host performance under high network load.</li>
1.11 jj 139: <li>Added support for socket splicing.
140: <li>Added AES-GMAC support for IPSec.
1.3 deraadt 141: </ul>
142: <p>
143:
144: <li>SCSI improvements:
145: <ul>
1.6 dlg 146: <li>Improved safety when detaching SCSI devices by waiting for
147: the completion of pending commands.</li>
148: <li>Improved hotplug support on mpi(4), mpii(4).</li>
149: <li>Continued iopoolification of SCSI drivers, notably on
150: umass(4) which improves the reliability and performance of
151: multi-LUN devices.</li>
1.11 jj 152: <li>Added vscsi(4), a driver for userland handling of scsi device commands.
153: <li>Added iscsid(8), an iSCSI initiator.
1.3 deraadt 154: </ul>
155: <p>
156:
157: <li>Assorted improvements:
158: <ul>
1.11 jj 159: <li>Enabled wide character support in ncurses(3).
160: <li>Added nsd(8), an authoritative name server implementation.
1.3 deraadt 161: </ul>
162: <p>
163:
164: <li>Install/Upgrade process changes:
165: <ul>
1.8 deraadt 166: <li>Fixed the hppa CD installation process.
167: <li>Added some more free firmwares to the CD media that could fit them.
168: <li>Make the macppc upgrade script update the boot blocks (oddly, this
169: had been broken a very long time and noone noticed).
170: <li>Teach the install script about the configuration of 802.11 interfaces.
171: Visible networks can be listed, and even configured for WPA.
172: <li>The install script now passes collected entropy better to the
173: system which is booted next.
1.15 ! krw 174: <li>Upgrade now defaults to checking only the root filesystem.
! 175: <li>Upgrade no longer checks filesystems with a fs_passno of 0.
! 176: <li>Upgrade now asks if it should proceed even if one or more filesystem mounts fail.
! 177: <li>Installer now configures <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ntpd&sektion=8">ntpd(8)</a> to use all provided time source IPs.
1.3 deraadt 178: </ul>
179: <p>
180:
1.12 ajacouto 181: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rc.d&sektion=8">rc.d(8)</a>
182: for starting, stopping and reconfiguring package daemons:
183: <ul>
184: <li>The <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rc.subr&sektion=8">rc.subr(8)</a>
185: framework allows for easy creation of rc scripts.
186: This framework is still evolving.
187: <li>Only a handful of packages have migrated for now.
188: <li>rc.local can still be used instead of or in addition to
189: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rc.d&sektion=8">rc.d(8)</a>.
190: </ul>
191: <p>
192:
1.4 sobrado 193: <li>OpenSSH 5.8:
1.3 deraadt 194: <ul>
195: <li>New features:
1.4 sobrado 196: <ul>
197: <li>Implement Elliptic Curve Cryptography modes for key exchange (ECDH)
198: and host/user keys (ECDSA) as specified by RFC5656. ECDH and ECDSA
199: offer better performance than plain DH and DSA at the same
200: equivalent symmetric key length, as well as much shorter keys.</li>
201: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>
202: and
203: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp-server&sektion=8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
204: add a protocol extension to support a hard link operation. It is
205: available through the "ln" command in the client. The old "ln"
206: behaviour of creating a symlink is available using its "-s" option
207: or through the preexisting "symlink" command.</li>
208: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>:
209: Add a new -3 option to scp: Copies between two remote hosts are
210: transferred through the local host. Without this option the data is
211: copied directly between the two remote hosts.</li>
212: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
213: automatically order the hostkeys requested by the client based on
214: which hostkeys are already recorded in known_hosts. This avoids
215: hostkey warnings when connecting to servers with new ECDSA keys,
216: since these are now preferred when learning hostkeys for the first
217: time.</li>
218: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
219: and
220: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
221: add a new IPQoS option to specify arbitrary TOS/DSCP/QoS values
222: instead of hardcoding lowdelay/throughput. (bz#1733)</li>
223: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:
224: the sftp client is now significantly faster at performing directory
225: listings, using OpenBSD glob(3) extensions to preserve the results
226: of stat(3) operations performed in the course of its execution
227: rather than performing expensive round trips to fetch them again
228: afterwards.</li>
229: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
230: "atomically" create the listening mux socket by binding it on a
231: temporary name and then linking it into position after listen() has
232: succeeded. This allows the mux clients to determine that the server
233: socket is either ready or stale without races. Stale server sockets
234: are now automatically removed. (also fixes bz#1711)</li>
235: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
236: and
237: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
238: add a <em>KexAlgorithms</em> knob to the client and server
239: configuration to allow selection of which key exchange methods are
240: used by
241: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
242: and
243: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>
244: and their order of preference.</li>
245: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>
246: and
247: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>:
248: factor out bandwidth limiting code from
249: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>
250: into a generic bandwidth limiter that can be attached using the
251: <em>atomicio</em> callback mechanism and use it to add a bandwidth
252: limit option to
253: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>.
254: (bz#1147)</li>
1.3 deraadt 255: </ul>
256: <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
257: <ul>
1.4 sobrado 258: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
259: and
260: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1">ssh-agent(1)</a>:
261: honour <em>$TMPDIR</em> for client xauth and ssh-agent temporary
262: directories. (bz#1809)</li>
263: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
264: avoid <em>NULL</em> deref on receiving a channel request on an
265: unknown or invalid channel. (bz#1842)</li>
266: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
267: remove a <em>debug()</em> that pollutes stderr on client connecting
268: to a server in debug mode. (bz#1719)</li>
269: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>:
270: pass through ssh command-line flags and options when doing
271: remote-remote transfers, e.g. to enable agent forwarding which is
272: particularly useful in this case. (bz#1837)</li>
273: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp-server&sektion=8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
274: <em>umask</em> should be parsed as octal.</li>
275: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:
1.5 sobrado 276: escape '[' in filename tab-completion.</li>
1.4 sobrado 277: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
278: Typo in confirmation message. (bz#1827)</li>
279: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
280: prevent <em>free()</em> of string in <em>.rodata</em> when
281: overriding <em>AuthorizedKeys</em> in a <em>Match</em> block.</li>
282: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
1.5 sobrado 283: Use default shell <em>/bin/sh</em> if <em>$SHELL</em> is "".</li>
1.4 sobrado 284: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
285: kill proxy command on <em>fatal()</em> (we already killed it on
286: clean exit).</li>
287: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
1.5 sobrado 288: install a <em>SIGCHLD</em> handler to reap expired child process.
1.4 sobrado 289: (bz#1812)</li>
290: <li>Support building against openssl-1.0.0a</li>
291: <li>Fix vulnerability in legacy certificate signing introduced in
292: OpenSSH-5.6 and found by Mateusz Kocielski.</li>
1.3 deraadt 293: </ul>
294: </ul>
295: <p>
296:
297: <li>Mandoc 1.10.9:
298: <ul>
299: <li>New integrated <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tbl&sektion=7">tbl(7)</a> parser and renderer.
300: <li>Support the <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=roff&sektion=7">roff(7)</a> .de, .rm, and .so requests.
301: <li>Support all roff code used in the standard <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pod2man&sektion=1">pod2man(1)</a> preamble.
302: <li>Fully support roff quoting in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=7">man(7)</a> documents.
303: <li>Mandoc now copes with most formatting errors that used to be fatal.
304: <li>Much simplified and improved reporting of errors and warnings.
305: <li>Significantly improved -Thtml output quality.
306: <li>The ports tree now allows ports to use either mandoc or groff
307: to render manuals.
308: </ul>
309: <p>
310:
1.14 deraadt 311: <li>Over 6,800 ports, major robustness and speed improvements in package tools.
1.3 deraadt 312: <li>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
313: <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="95%">
314: <tr>
315: <td valign="top" width="25%">
316: <ul>
317: <li>i386: 6620
318: <li>sparc64: 6225
319: <li>alpha: 6000
320: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
321: <li>sh: XXXX
322: <li>amd64: 6570
323: <li>powerpc: 6272
324: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
325: <li>sparc: 4184
1.8 deraadt 326: <li>arm: 5673
327: <li>hppa: 5838
1.3 deraadt 328: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
329: <li>vax: 1068
330: <li>mips64: 5492
331: <li>mips64el: 5499
332: </ul></td></tr></table>
333: Some highlights:
334: <ul>
335: <li>Gnome 2.32.1.
336: <li>KDE 3.5.10.
337: <li>Xfce 4.8.0.
338: <li>MySQL 5.1.54.
339: <li>PostgreSQL 9.0.3.
340: <li>Postfix 2.7.2.
341: <li>OpenLDAP 2.3.43 and 2.4.23.
342: <li>Mozilla Firefox 3.5.16 and 3.6.13.
343: <li>Mozilla Thunderbird 3.1.7.
344: <li>OpenOffice.org 3.3.0rc9.
345: <li>LibreOffice 3.3.0.4
346: <li>Emacs 21.4 and 22.3.
347: <li>Vim 7.3.3.
348: <li>PHP 5.2.16.
349: <li>Python 2.4.6, 2.5.4 and 2.6.6.
350: <li>Ruby 1.8.7.330 and 1.9.2.136.
351: <li>Mono 2.8.2.
352: </ul>
353: <p>
354:
355: <li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
356: <p>
357:
358: <li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
359: <ul>
1.13 matthieu 360: <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.6 with xserver 1.9 + patches,
361: freetype 2.4.4,
362: fontconfig 2.8.0, Mesa 7.8.2, xterm 257 and more)
1.3 deraadt 363: <li>Gcc 2.95.3 (+ patches), 3.3.5 (+ patches) and 4.2.1 (+patches) XXXX
1.11 jj 364: <li>Perl 5.12.2 (+ patches) XXXX
1.3 deraadt 365: <li>Our improved and secured version of Apache 1.3, with SSL/TLS
366: and DSO support XXXX
1.11 jj 367: <li>OpenSSL 1.0.0a (+ patches) XXXX
1.3 deraadt 368: <li>Sendmail 8.14.3, with libmilter XXXX
369: <li>Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches) XXXX
370: <li>Lynx 2.8.6rel.5 with HTTPS and IPv6 support (+ patches) XXXX
371: <li>Sudo 1.7.2 XXXX
372: <li>Ncurses 5.7 XXXX
373: <li>Heimdal 0.7.2 (+ patches) XXXX
374: <li>Arla 0.35.7 XXXX
375: <li>Binutils 2.15 (+ patches) XXXX
376: <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches) XXXX
377: </ul>
1.1 deraadt 378: <p>
379:
380: </ul>
381:
382: <a name="install"></a>
383: <hr>
384: <p>
385: <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to install</font></h3>
386: <p>
387: Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
388: paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
389: form of install. The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style
390: of) install are very similar; the CDROM instructions are left intact
391: so that you can see how much easier it would have been if you had
392: purchased a CDROM instead.
393: <p>
394:
395: <hr>
396: Please refer to the following files on the three CDROMs or FTP mirror for
397: extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 4.9 on your machine:
398: <p>
399: <ul>
400: <li>CD1:4.9/i386/INSTALL.i386
401: <p>
402: <li>CD2:4.9/amd64/INSTALL.amd64
403: <li>CD2:4.9/macppc/INSTALL.macppc
404: <p>
405: <li>CD3:4.9/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64
406: <p>
407: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/alpha/INSTALL.alpha
408: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/armish/INSTALL.armish
409: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/hp300/INSTALL.hp300
410: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/hppa/INSTALL.hppa
411: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/landisk/INSTALL.landisk
412: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/loongson/INSTALL.loongson
413: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k
414: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k
415: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/sgi/INSTALL.sgi
416: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/socppc/INSTALL.socppc
417: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/sparc/INSTALL.sparc
418: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/vax/INSTALL.vax
419: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus
420: </ul>
421: <hr>
422:
423: <p>
424: Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
425: use of the "disklabel -E" command. If you are at all confused when
426: installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!
427: <p>
428:
429: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/i386:</font></h3>
430: <ul>
431: Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
432: release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
433: to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
434: <i>CD1:4.9/i386/floppy49.fs</i> to a floppy and boot via the floppy drive.
435:
436: <p>
437: Use <i>CD1:4.9/i386/floppyB49.fs</i> instead for greater SCSI controller
438: support, or <i>CD1:4.9/i386/floppyC49.fs</i> for better laptop support.
439:
440: <p>
441: If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
442: you can install across the network using PXE as described in
443: the included INSTALL.i386 document.
444:
445: <p>
446: If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
447: read INSTALL.i386.
448:
449: <p>
450: To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the "rawrite" utility located
451: at <i>CD1:4.9/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
452: use the
453: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1">dd(1)</a>
454: utility. The following is an example usage of
455: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1">dd(1)</a>,
456: where the device could be "floppy", "rfd0c", or
457: "rfd0a".
458:
459: <ul><pre>
460: # <strong>dd if=<file> of=/dev/<device> bs=32k</strong>
461: </pre></ul>
462:
463: <p>
464: Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
465: your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
466: floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
467: <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">FAQ 4.3.2</a>.
468: </ul>
469:
470: <p>
471: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/amd64:</font></h3>
472: <ul>
473: The 4.9 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
474: Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
475: your BIOS options first.
476: If you can't boot from the CD, you can create a boot floppy to install from.
477: To do this, write <i>CD2:4.9/amd64/floppy49.fs</i> to a floppy, then
478: boot from the floppy drive.
479:
480: <p>
481: If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
482: you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
483: INSTALL.amd64 document.
484:
485: <p>
486: If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
487: read INSTALL.amd64.
488: </ul>
489:
490: <p>
491: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/macppc:</font></h3>
492: <ul>
493: Put CD2 in your CDROM drive and poweron your machine while holding down the
494: <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
495:
496: <p>
497: Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
498: /4.9/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
499: </ul>
500:
501: <p>
502: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc64:</font></h3>
503: <ul>
504: Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.
505:
506: <p>
507: If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
508: <i>CD3:4.9/sparc64/floppy49.fs</i> or <i>CD3:4.9/sparc64/floppyB49.fs</i>
509: (depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
510: floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
511:
512: <p>
513: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
514: will most likely fail.
515:
516: <p>
517: You can also write <i>CD3:4.9/sparc64/miniroot49.fs</i> to the swap partition on
518: the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
519:
520: <p>
521: If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
522: </ul>
523:
524: <p>
525: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/alpha:</font></h3>
526: <ul>
527: <p>Write <i>FTP:4.9/alpha/floppy49.fs</i> or
528: <i>FTP:4.9/alpha/floppyB49.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
529: enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
530:
531: <p>
532: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
533: will most likely fail.
534:
535: </ul>
536:
537: <p>
538: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/armish:</font></h3>
539: <ul>
540: <p>
541: After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network
542: either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,
543: then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.
544: IOData HDL-G can only boot from an EXT-2 partition. Boot into linux
545: and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)
546: then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.
547: More details are available in INSTALL.armish.
548: </ul>
549:
550: <p>
551: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hp300:</font></h3>
552: <ul>
553: <p>
554: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.
555: </ul>
556:
557: <p>
558: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hppa:</font></h3>
559: <ul>
560: <p>
561: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
562: <a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
563: </ul>
564:
565: <p>
566: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/landisk:</font></h3>
567: <ul>
568: <p>
569: Write <i>miniroot49.fs</i> to the start of the CF
570: or disk, and boot normally.
571: </ul>
572:
573: <p>
574: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/loongson:</font></h3>
575: <ul>
576: <p>
577: Write <i>miniroot49.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
578: or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
579: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
580: </ul>
581: <p>
582:
583: <p>
584: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme68k:</font></h3>
585: <ul>
586: <p>
587: You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
588: The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
589: and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k
590: for more details.
591: </ul>
592:
593: <p>
594: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme88k:</font></h3>
595: <ul>
596: <p>
597: You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
598: The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
599: and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k
600: for more details.
601: </ul>
602:
603: <p>
604: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sgi:</font></h3>
605: <ul>
606: <p>
607: To install on an O2, burn cd49.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
608: machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
609: menu.
610:
611: <p>
612: On other systems, or if your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can
613: setup a DHCP/tftp network server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using
614: the kernel matching your system type.
615: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
616: </ul>
617:
618: <p>
619: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/socppc:</font></h3>
620: <ul>
621: <p>
622: After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.
623: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.
624: </ul>
625:
626: <p>
627: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc:</font></h3>
628: <ul>
629: Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two
630: commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.
631:
632: <ul><pre>
633: ok <strong>boot cdrom 4.9/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>
634: or
635: > <strong>b sd(0,6,0)4.9/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>
636: </pre></ul>
637:
638: <p>
639: If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
640: To do so you need to write <i>floppy49.fs</i> to a floppy.
641: For more information see <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">FAQ 4.3.2</a>.
642: To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,
643: depending on the version of your ROM.
644:
645: <ul><pre>
646: ok <strong>boot floppy</strong>
647: or
648: > <strong>b fd()</strong>
649: </pre></ul>
650:
651: <p>
652: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
653: will most likely fail.
654:
655: <p>
656: If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
657: setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
658: INSTALL.sparc file.
659: </ul>
660:
661: <p>
662: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/vax:</font></h3>
663: <ul>
664: Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.
665: </ul>
666:
667: <p>
668: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/zaurus:</font></h3>
669: <ul>
670: <p>
671: Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the
672: openbsd49_arm.ipk package. Reboot, then run it. Read INSTALL.zaurus
673: for a few important details.
674: </ul>
675:
676: <p>
677: <h3><font color="#e00000">Notes about the source code:</font></h3>
678: <ul>
679: src.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src. This file
680: contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
681: in a separate archive. To extract:
682: <p>
683: <ul><pre>
684: # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src</strong>
685: # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>
686: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</strong>
687: </pre></ul>
688: <p>
689: sys.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src/sys.
690: This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
691: To extract:
692: <p>
693: <ul><pre>
694: # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</strong>
695: # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>
696: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</strong>
697: </pre></ul>
698: <p>
699: Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout. Using these trees it
700: is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
701: described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
702: Using these files
703: results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
704: a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
705: <p>
706: </ul>
707:
708: <a name="upgrade"></a>
709: <hr>
710: <p>
711: <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to upgrade</font></h3>
712: <p>
1.2 deraadt 713: If you already have an OpenBSD 4.8 system, and do not want to reinstall,
1.1 deraadt 714: upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
715: <a href="faq/upgrade49.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
716:
717: <a name="ports"></a>
718: <hr>
719: <p>
720: <h3><font color="#0000e0">Ports Tree</font></h3>
721: <p>
722: A ports tree archive is also provided. To extract:
723: <p>
724: <ul><pre>
725: # <strong>cd /usr</strong>
726: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</strong>
727: # <strong>cd ports</strong>
728: </pre></ul>
729: <p>
730: The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree. Go
731: read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
732: if you know nothing about ports
733: at this point. This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
734: Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
735: OpenBSD ports system.
736: <p>
737: The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
738: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=cvs&apropos=0&sektion=1&manpath=OpenBSD+Current&arch=i386">
739: cvs(1)</a> if
740: you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports. As with our complete
741: source tree, our ports tree is available via anoncvs. So, in
742: order to keep current with it, you must make the <i>ports/</i> tree
743: available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
744: like:
745: <p>
746: <ul><pre>
747: # <strong>cd [portsdir]/; cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_4_9</strong>
748: </pre></ul>
749: <p>
750: [Of course, you must replace the local directory and server name here
751: with the location of your ports collection and a nearby anoncvs
752: server.]
753: <p>
754: Note that most ports are available as packages through FTP. Updated
755: packages for the 4.9 release will be made available if problems arise.
756: <p>
757: If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
758: would like to know more, the mailing list ports@openbsd.org is a good
759: place to know.
760: <p>
761:
762: <hr>
763: <a href="index.html"><img height="24" width="24" src="back.gif" border="0"
764: alt="OpenBSD"></a>
765: <a href="mailto:www@openbsd.org">www@openbsd.org</a>
766: <br><small>
1.15 ! krw 767: $OpenBSD: 49.html,v 1.14 2011/04/24 15:13:34 deraadt Exp $
1.1 deraadt 768: </small>
769:
770: </body>
771: </html>