Annotation of www/49.html, Revision 1.48
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1.48 ! deraadt 4: <title>OpenBSD 4.9</title>
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1.48 ! deraadt 21: <img align="left" width="227" height="343" hspace="24" src="images/Hitchhiker.jpg"></a>
! 22: <h2><font color="#0000e0">OpenBSD 4.9</font></h2>
1.1 deraadt 23: <p>
24: Released May 1, 2011<br>
25: Copyright 1997-2011, Theo de Raadt.<br>
26: <font color="#e00000">ISBN 978-0-9784475-7-1</font>
27: <br>
28: <a href="lyrics.html#49">4.9 Song: "The Answer"</a>
29: <p>
30: <ul>
1.46 dcoppa 31: <li>Order a CDROM from our <a href="orders.html">ordering system</a>.
1.1 deraadt 32: <li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">The FTP page</a> for
33: a list of mirror machines.
34: <li>Go to the <font color="#e00000">pub/OpenBSD/4.9/</font> directory on
35: one of the mirror sites.
36: <li>Briefly read the rest of this document.
37: <li>Have a look at <a href="errata49.html">The 4.9 Errata page</a> for a list
38: of bugs and workarounds.
39: <li>See a <a href="plus49.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
40: 4.8 and 4.9 releases.
41: </ul>
42: <br clear=all>
1.48 ! deraadt 43: All applicable copyrights and credits can be found in the applicable
! 44: file sources found in the files src.tar.gz, sys.tar.gz,
! 45: xenocara.tar.gz, or in the files fetched via ports.tar.gz. The
! 46: distribution files used to build packages from the ports.tar.gz file
! 47: are not included on the CDROM because of lack of space.
1.1 deraadt 48: <p>
49:
50: <a name="new"></a>
51: <hr>
52: <p>
53: <h3><font color="#0000e0">What's New</font></h3>
54: <p>
55: This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 4.9.
56: For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus49.html">changelog</a> leading
57: to 4.9.
58: <p>
59:
60: <ul>
61:
1.3 deraadt 62: <li>New/extended platforms:
63: <ul>
1.25 jsing 64: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/amd64.html">OpenBSD/amd64</a>
65: and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/i386.html">OpenBSD/i386</a>:
1.3 deraadt 66: <ul>
1.36 sthen 67: <li>Enabled <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mount_ntfs&sektion=8&format=html">NTFS</a> by default (read-only) on GENERIC kernels.
1.33 jcs 68: <li>Enabled the <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vmt&sektion=4&format=html">vmt(4)</a> driver by default for VMWare tools support as a guest.
1.11 jj 69: <li>SMP kernels can now boot on machines with up to 64 cores.
70: <li>Maximum allocation size for i386 bumped to 2G.
1.19 stsp 71: <li>Handle >16 disks when searching for kernel boot device.
1.37 jsg 72: <li>Added support for AES-NI instructions found in recent Intel
73: processors.
1.31 deraadt 74: <li>Further improvements in suspend and resume.
75: <li>Processes are now switched to TSS per cpu on the
76: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/amd64.html">amd64</a> platform,
77: resulting in removal of the old limit of ~4000 processes.
1.3 deraadt 78: </ul>
1.25 jsing 79: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/hppa.html">OpenBSD/hppa</a>:
1.21 jsing 80: <ul>
81: <li>Multiprocessor support.
82: </ul>
1.25 jsing 83: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/loongson.html">OpenBSD/loongson</a>
84: and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>:
1.3 deraadt 85: <ul>
1.25 jsing 86: <li>All MIPS64 based platforms now use MI softfloat code, which
87: implements all MIPS IV specified floating point operations.
1.3 deraadt 88: </ul>
1.25 jsing 89: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html">OpenBSD/sparc64</a>:
1.3 deraadt 90: <ul>
1.25 jsing 91: <li>The <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vdsp&sektion=4&arch=sparc64">vdsp(4)</a> driver now supports the vDisk 1.1
92: protocol, allowing Solaris to run on top of an OpenBSD
93: control domain.
1.3 deraadt 94: </ul>
95: </ul>
96: <p>
97:
98: <li>Improved hardware support, including:
99: <ul>
1.25 jsing 100: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vte&sektion=4&format=html">vte(4)</a>
1.9 kevlo 101: driver for RDC R6040 10/100 Ethernet devices.</li>
1.25 jsing 102: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rdcphy&sektion=4&format=html">rdcphy(4)</a>
1.10 jsg 103: driver for RDC Semiconductor R6040 10/100 Ethernet PHY.
1.25 jsing 104: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rsu&sektion=4&format=html">rsu(4)</a>
1.33 jcs 105: driver for Realtek RTL8188SU/RTL8191SU/RTL8192SU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless devices.
1.25 jsing 106: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=urtwn&sektion=4&format=html">urtwn(4)</a>
1.33 jcs 107: driver for Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless devices.
1.25 jsing 108: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=utwitch&sektion=4&format=html">utwitch(4)</a>
1.10 jsg 109: driver for YUREX USB twitch/jiggle of knee sensor.
1.33 jcs 110: <li>Support for AR9271, AR9280+AR7010 and AR9287+AR7010 USB IEEE 802.11a/g/n wireless
1.25 jsing 111: adapters has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=athn&sektion=4&format=html">athn(4)</a>.
1.10 jsg 112: <li>Support for 82583V
113: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4">em(4)</a>.
114: <li>Support for Yukon 88E8059
115: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=msk&sektion=4">msk(4)</a>.
116: <li>Support for SiS191
117: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=se&sektion=4">se(4)</a>.
118: <li>Support for SAS2004
119: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpii&sektion=4">mpii(4)</a>.
120: <li>Support for NVIDIA MCP89 SATA
121: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pciide&sektion=4">pciide(4)</a>.
1.30 deraadt 122: <li>Support for Mobility Radeon HD 4200
1.10 jsg 123: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=radeondrm&sektion=4">radeondrm(4)</a>.
1.18 krw 124: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pms&sektion=4">pms(4)</a> support has been significantly reworked and expanded.
1.20 deraadt 125: <li>MCLGETI support has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4">xl(4)</a>.
1.24 jsing 126: <li>Support for low latency interrupt modulation has been added to
127: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ix&sektion=4">ix(4)</a>.
128: <li>Port multiplier support has been added to
129: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ahci&sektion=4">ahci(4)</a> and
130: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sili&sektion=4">sili(4)</a>.
131: <li>Support for Sun XVR-300 graphics has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=radeonfb&sektion=4&arch=sparc64">radeonfb(4)</a>.
132: <li>Added workaround for BCM5906 A0/1/2 controller silicon bug in
133: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4">bge(4)</a>.
1.34 jakemsr 134: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ugen&sektion=4">ugen(4)</a>
135: can now be attached along with other drivers to multifunction devices.
136: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4">umodem(4)</a>
137: now supports more devices.
1.40 sthen 138: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=umsm&sektion=4">umsm(4)</a>
139: now supports more mobile broadband devices.
1.34 jakemsr 140: <li>Support for more image processing controls was added to
141: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=uvideo&sektion=4">uvideo(4)</a>.
1.3 deraadt 142: </ul>
143: <p>
144:
145: <li>Generic network stack improvements:
146: <ul>
1.7 dlg 147: <li>Reworking of the MCLGETI livelock algorithm to improve
148: forwarding and host performance under high network load.</li>
1.31 deraadt 149: <li>Added support for socket splicing; sockets can be temporarily connected so that the kernel moves data without userland intervention. This will be used by <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=relayd&sektion=8">relayd(8)</a> in the next release.
1.29 mikeb 150: <li>Added AES-GCM support for IPsec.
1.22 jsing 151: <li>Added automatic send and receive buffer scaling for TCP.
1.20 deraadt 152: <li>Added wpakey option to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8">ifconfig(8)</a> replacing wpa-psk(8).
1.22 jsing 153: <li>TCP acknowledgments are no longer delayed on the loopback interface.
154: <li>Network livelock counters are now exported via <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=3">sysctl(3)</a>.
155: <li>A radix tree sorting bug was fixed, which results in significant
156: improvements to IPsec performance under certain conditions.
1.33 jcs 157: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=8">tcpdump(8)</a> now decodes Multicast DNS (mDNS) traffic.
1.42 jasper 158: <li>Wake on Lan support has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8">arp(8)</a>.
1.45 claudio 159: <li>Enabled MPLS and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpe&sektion=4">mpe(4)</a> by default on GENERIC kernels.</li>
160: <li>Added a mpls option to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8">ifconfig(8)</a> to enable MPLS on a per interface basis replacing the global sysctl knob.</li>
1.35 henning 161: </ul>
162: <p>
163:
1.45 claudio 164: <li>OpenBGPD, OpenOSPFD and other routing daemon improvements:
165: <ul>
166: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgpd&sektion=8">bgpd(8)</a> handles various message encoding errors more gracefully now.</li>
167: <li>Notification messages are now logged in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgpd&sektion=8">bgpd(8)</a>.</li>
168: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ospfd&sektion=8">ospfd(8)</a> will now correctly redistribute overlapping routes.</li>
169: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ospfctl&sektion=8">ospfctl(8)</a> now prints the LSDB checksum in the show summary output for quick verification that two LSDBs are in sync.</li>
170: <li>Fixed <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ldpd&sektion=8">ldpd(8)</a>'s message parser to work on all architectures and more LDP messages are now implemented.</li>
171: <li>Various improvements in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ospf6d&sektion=8">ospf6d(8)</a>.</li>
172: </ul>
173: <p>
1.35 henning 174: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4">pf(4)</a> improvements:
175: <ul>
1.43 deraadt 176: <li>The logging subsystem has been largely rewritten, now logging the
1.44 deraadt 177: translated addresses again instead of the original ones.
1.35 henning 178: <li>match log rules cause a log on the fly, showing the packet exactly
1.44 deraadt 179: as <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4">pf(4)</a> sees it at the moment of evaluating that rule. A packet can also
1.35 henning 180: be logged more than once now.
1.44 deraadt 181: <li>match log(matches) rules allow the further rule matching to be traced.
1.25 jsing 182: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pflog&sektion=4">pflog(4)</a>
183: now includes the original addresses and ports for packets that have been
184: rewritten. This is also displayed by
185: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=8">tcpdump(8)</a>.
1.3 deraadt 186: </ul>
187: <p>
188:
1.33 jcs 189: <li>IPsec stack audit was performed, resulting in:
1.29 mikeb 190: <ul>
191: <li>Several potential security problems have been identified and fixed.
192: <li>ARC4 based PRNG code was audited and revamped.
193: <li>New explicit_bzero kernel function was introduced to prevent a compiler
194: from optimizing
195: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bzero&sektion=3">bzero</a>
196: calls away.
197: </ul>
198: <p>
199:
1.3 deraadt 200: <li>SCSI improvements:
201: <ul>
1.6 dlg 202: <li>Improved safety when detaching SCSI devices by waiting for
1.20 deraadt 203: the completion of pending commands.</li>
204: <li>Improved hotplug support on <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpi&sektion=4">mpi(4)</a> and
205: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpii&sektion=4">mpii(4)</a>.</li>
1.6 dlg 206: <li>Continued iopoolification of SCSI drivers, notably on
1.20 deraadt 207: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4">umass(4)</a> which improves the
208: reliability and performance of multi-LUN devices.</li>
209: <li>Added <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vscsi&sektion=4">vscsi(4)</a>, a driver for
1.33 jcs 210: userland handling of SCSI device commands.
1.20 deraadt 211: <li>Added <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=iscsid&sektion=8">iscsid(8)</a>, an iSCSI initiator.
1.21 jsing 212: <li>Forcibly restrict devices incapable of tagged I/O to executing one command at a time.
1.17 krw 213: <li>Discover and honour read-only status of <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sd&sektion=4">sd(4)</a> devices.
1.21 jsing 214: <li>Improve <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=st&sektion=4">st(4)</a> handling of I/O residual information.
1.17 krw 215: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sd&sektion=4">sd(4)</a> devices that can only execute one command at a time (e.g. USB) will now be allowed to spin up if necessary.
216: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4">cd(4)</a> will now attach CDROM devices identified as non-removable.
1.3 deraadt 217: </ul>
218: <p>
219:
220: <li>Assorted improvements:
221: <ul>
1.16 krw 222: <li>Enabled wide character support in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ncurses&sektion=3">ncurses(3)</a>.
223: <li>Added <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=nsd&sektion=8">nsd(8)</a>, an authoritative name server implementation.
224: <li>Disklabel UID support improved and added to more utilities.
225: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8">rarpd(8)</a> now accepts a list of interfaces to listen on.
226: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dhclient&sektion=8">dhclient(8)</a> now accepts 'egress' as an interface name, meaning whichever interface is marked as being in the 'egress' group.
227: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dhcpd&sektion=8">dhcpd(8)</a> no longer listens on interfaces without a broadcast address (e.g. <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pflog&sektion=4">pflog(4)</a>).
228: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=who&sektion=1">who(1)</a> now displays as much of the hostname as fits on the line.
229: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=8">tcpdump(8)</a> now correctly handles 'net' primitives when processing <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pflog&sektion=4">pflog(4)</a> traffic.
1.17 krw 230: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=fdisk&sektion=8">fdisk(8)</a> now respects failure to read the MBR.
231: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=fdisk&sektion=8">fdisk(8)</a> will no longer infinitely loop when encountering an improperly constructed EBR.
1.31 deraadt 232: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a> no longer reuses information from a failed partition addition on the next addition of the same partition.
1.17 krw 233: <li>Many unused and obsolete <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disktab&sektion=5">disktab(5)</a> entries removed.
1.33 jcs 234: <li>Enabled X11 autoconfiguration on <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc.html">sparc</a> and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html">sparc64</a>.
1.20 deraadt 235: <li>Implement attribute syntax from RFC4517 and support bsdauth in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ldapd&sektion=8">ldapd(8)</a>.
236: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=video&sektion=1">video(1)</a> utility which can record or display images from <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=video&sektion=4">video(4)</a>.
1.23 jsing 237: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=httpd&sektion=8">httpd(8)</a> mod_headers now handles apache2 style RequestHeader directives.
1.32 jeremy 238: <li>UNIX-domain datagram socket support has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=nc&sektion=1">nc(1)</a> (-uU option).
1.23 jsing 239: <li>Added support for terabyte units in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a>.
240: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/loongson.html">loongson</a> and
241: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">sgi</a> platforms have been
242: switched over to gcc4.
243: <li><code>ddb cpu</code> support was added to the
244: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">sgi</a> platform.
245: <li>Fast path TLB miss handling was added to the
246: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/landisk.html">landisk</a> platform,
247: resulting in a 44-50% gain in performance.
248: <li>PCIe extended configuration space can now be viewed using
1.44 deraadt 249: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pcidump&sektion=8">pcidump(8)</a> (-xxx option).
1.23 jsing 250: <li>The number of spurious IPIs has been decreased on the
251: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/amd64.html">amd64</a> platform,
252: resulting in improved performance.
1.25 jsing 253: <li>Numerous improvements and bug fixes to
254: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tmux&sektion=1">tmux(1)</a>.
1.27 mikeb 255: <li>Considerable robustness and interoperability improvements in the IKEv2
256: daemon
257: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=iked&sektion=8">iked(8)</a>.
1.28 mikeb 258: <li>Skipjack and libdes were retired from the system.
1.31 deraadt 259: CAST-128 implementation was also removed from libc.
1.34 jakemsr 260: <li>Removed some races in the USB subsystem, substantially increasing
261: reliability.
1.41 pirofti 262: <li>Added a few more
263: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=compat_linux&sektion=8&format=html">compat_linux(8)</a>
264: system calls to make it possible for newer versions of applications,
265: such as Skype, to execute.
1.39 sthen 266: <li>OpenBSD-specific package documentation is now centralised in
267: /usr/local/share/doc/pkg-readmes.
1.3 deraadt 268: </ul>
269: <p>
270:
271: <li>Install/Upgrade process changes:
272: <ul>
1.8 deraadt 273: <li>Fixed the hppa CD installation process.
274: <li>Added some more free firmwares to the CD media that could fit them.
275: <li>Make the macppc upgrade script update the boot blocks (oddly, this
1.31 deraadt 276: had been broken a very long time and no one noticed).
1.8 deraadt 277: <li>Teach the install script about the configuration of 802.11 interfaces.
278: Visible networks can be listed, and even configured for WPA.
279: <li>The install script now passes collected entropy better to the
280: system which is booted next.
1.15 krw 281: <li>Upgrade now defaults to checking only the root filesystem.
282: <li>Upgrade no longer checks filesystems with a fs_passno of 0.
283: <li>Upgrade now asks if it should proceed even if one or more filesystem mounts fail.
284: <li>Installer now configures <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ntpd&sektion=8">ntpd(8)</a> to use all provided time source IPs.
1.3 deraadt 285: </ul>
286: <p>
287:
1.12 ajacouto 288: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rc.d&sektion=8">rc.d(8)</a>
289: for starting, stopping and reconfiguring package daemons:
290: <ul>
291: <li>The <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rc.subr&sektion=8">rc.subr(8)</a>
292: framework allows for easy creation of rc scripts.
293: This framework is still evolving.
294: <li>Only a handful of packages have migrated for now.
295: <li>rc.local can still be used instead of or in addition to
296: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rc.d&sektion=8">rc.d(8)</a>.
297: </ul>
298: <p>
299:
1.4 sobrado 300: <li>OpenSSH 5.8:
1.3 deraadt 301: <ul>
302: <li>New features:
1.4 sobrado 303: <ul>
304: <li>Implement Elliptic Curve Cryptography modes for key exchange (ECDH)
305: and host/user keys (ECDSA) as specified by RFC5656. ECDH and ECDSA
306: offer better performance than plain DH and DSA at the same
307: equivalent symmetric key length, as well as much shorter keys.</li>
308: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>
309: and
310: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp-server&sektion=8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
311: add a protocol extension to support a hard link operation. It is
312: available through the "ln" command in the client. The old "ln"
313: behaviour of creating a symlink is available using its "-s" option
314: or through the preexisting "symlink" command.</li>
315: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>:
316: Add a new -3 option to scp: Copies between two remote hosts are
317: transferred through the local host. Without this option the data is
318: copied directly between the two remote hosts.</li>
319: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
320: automatically order the hostkeys requested by the client based on
321: which hostkeys are already recorded in known_hosts. This avoids
322: hostkey warnings when connecting to servers with new ECDSA keys,
323: since these are now preferred when learning hostkeys for the first
324: time.</li>
325: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
326: and
327: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
328: add a new IPQoS option to specify arbitrary TOS/DSCP/QoS values
329: instead of hardcoding lowdelay/throughput. (bz#1733)</li>
330: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:
331: the sftp client is now significantly faster at performing directory
332: listings, using OpenBSD glob(3) extensions to preserve the results
333: of stat(3) operations performed in the course of its execution
334: rather than performing expensive round trips to fetch them again
335: afterwards.</li>
336: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
337: "atomically" create the listening mux socket by binding it on a
338: temporary name and then linking it into position after listen() has
339: succeeded. This allows the mux clients to determine that the server
340: socket is either ready or stale without races. Stale server sockets
341: are now automatically removed. (also fixes bz#1711)</li>
342: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
343: and
344: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
345: add a <em>KexAlgorithms</em> knob to the client and server
346: configuration to allow selection of which key exchange methods are
347: used by
348: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
349: and
350: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>
351: and their order of preference.</li>
352: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>
353: and
354: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>:
355: factor out bandwidth limiting code from
356: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>
357: into a generic bandwidth limiter that can be attached using the
358: <em>atomicio</em> callback mechanism and use it to add a bandwidth
359: limit option to
360: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>.
361: (bz#1147)</li>
1.3 deraadt 362: </ul>
363: <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
364: <ul>
1.4 sobrado 365: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
366: and
367: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1">ssh-agent(1)</a>:
368: honour <em>$TMPDIR</em> for client xauth and ssh-agent temporary
369: directories. (bz#1809)</li>
370: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
371: avoid <em>NULL</em> deref on receiving a channel request on an
372: unknown or invalid channel. (bz#1842)</li>
373: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
374: remove a <em>debug()</em> that pollutes stderr on client connecting
375: to a server in debug mode. (bz#1719)</li>
376: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>:
377: pass through ssh command-line flags and options when doing
378: remote-remote transfers, e.g. to enable agent forwarding which is
379: particularly useful in this case. (bz#1837)</li>
380: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp-server&sektion=8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
381: <em>umask</em> should be parsed as octal.</li>
382: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:
1.5 sobrado 383: escape '[' in filename tab-completion.</li>
1.4 sobrado 384: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
385: Typo in confirmation message. (bz#1827)</li>
386: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
387: prevent <em>free()</em> of string in <em>.rodata</em> when
388: overriding <em>AuthorizedKeys</em> in a <em>Match</em> block.</li>
389: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
1.5 sobrado 390: Use default shell <em>/bin/sh</em> if <em>$SHELL</em> is "".</li>
1.4 sobrado 391: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
392: kill proxy command on <em>fatal()</em> (we already killed it on
393: clean exit).</li>
394: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
1.5 sobrado 395: install a <em>SIGCHLD</em> handler to reap expired child process.
1.4 sobrado 396: (bz#1812)</li>
397: <li>Support building against openssl-1.0.0a</li>
398: <li>Fix vulnerability in legacy certificate signing introduced in
399: OpenSSH-5.6 and found by Mateusz Kocielski.</li>
1.3 deraadt 400: </ul>
401: </ul>
402: <p>
403:
404: <li>Mandoc 1.10.9:
405: <ul>
406: <li>New integrated <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tbl&sektion=7">tbl(7)</a> parser and renderer.
407: <li>Support the <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=roff&sektion=7">roff(7)</a> .de, .rm, and .so requests.
408: <li>Support all roff code used in the standard <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pod2man&sektion=1">pod2man(1)</a> preamble.
409: <li>Fully support roff quoting in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=7">man(7)</a> documents.
410: <li>Mandoc now copes with most formatting errors that used to be fatal.
411: <li>Much simplified and improved reporting of errors and warnings.
412: <li>Significantly improved -Thtml output quality.
413: <li>The ports tree now allows ports to use either mandoc or groff
414: to render manuals.
415: </ul>
416: <p>
417:
1.14 deraadt 418: <li>Over 6,800 ports, major robustness and speed improvements in package tools.
1.3 deraadt 419: <li>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
420: <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="95%">
421: <tr>
422: <td valign="top" width="25%">
423: <ul>
424: <li>i386: 6620
425: <li>sparc64: 6225
426: <li>alpha: 6000
427: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
1.20 deraadt 428: <li>sh: 3656
1.3 deraadt 429: <li>amd64: 6570
430: <li>powerpc: 6272
431: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
432: <li>sparc: 4184
1.20 deraadt 433: <li>arm: 5679
1.8 deraadt 434: <li>hppa: 5838
1.3 deraadt 435: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
436: <li>vax: 1068
437: <li>mips64: 5492
438: <li>mips64el: 5499
439: </ul></td></tr></table>
440: Some highlights:
441: <ul>
442: <li>Gnome 2.32.1.
443: <li>KDE 3.5.10.
444: <li>Xfce 4.8.0.
445: <li>MySQL 5.1.54.
446: <li>PostgreSQL 9.0.3.
447: <li>Postfix 2.7.2.
448: <li>OpenLDAP 2.3.43 and 2.4.23.
449: <li>Mozilla Firefox 3.5.16 and 3.6.13.
450: <li>Mozilla Thunderbird 3.1.7.
451: <li>OpenOffice.org 3.3.0rc9.
1.26 jasper 452: <li>LibreOffice 3.3.0.4.
1.3 deraadt 453: <li>Emacs 21.4 and 22.3.
454: <li>Vim 7.3.3.
455: <li>PHP 5.2.16.
456: <li>Python 2.4.6, 2.5.4 and 2.6.6.
457: <li>Ruby 1.8.7.330 and 1.9.2.136.
458: <li>Mono 2.8.2.
1.26 jasper 459: <li>Chromium 9.0.597.94.
1.3 deraadt 460: </ul>
461: <p>
462:
463: <li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
464: <p>
465:
466: <li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
467: <ul>
1.13 matthieu 468: <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.6 with xserver 1.9 + patches,
469: freetype 2.4.4,
1.19 stsp 470: fontconfig 2.8.0, Mesa 7.8.2, xterm 267 and more)
1.20 deraadt 471: <li>Gcc 2.95.3 (+ patches), 3.3.5 (+ patches) and 4.2.1 (+ patches)
472: <li>Perl 5.12.2 (+ patches)
1.3 deraadt 473: <li>Our improved and secured version of Apache 1.3, with SSL/TLS
1.20 deraadt 474: and DSO support
475: <li>OpenSSL 1.0.0a (+ patches)
476: <li>Sendmail 8.14.3, with libmilter
477: <li>Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches)
478: <li>Lynx 2.8.6rel.5 with HTTPS and IPv6 support (+ patches)
479: <li>Sudo 1.7.2p8
480: <li>Ncurses 5.7
481: <li>Heimdal 0.7.2 (+ patches)
482: <li>Arla 0.35.7
483: <li>Binutils 2.15 (+ patches)
484: <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
1.3 deraadt 485: </ul>
1.1 deraadt 486: <p>
487:
488: </ul>
489:
490: <a name="install"></a>
491: <hr>
492: <p>
493: <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to install</font></h3>
494: <p>
495: Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
496: paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
497: form of install. The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style
498: of) install are very similar; the CDROM instructions are left intact
499: so that you can see how much easier it would have been if you had
500: purchased a CDROM instead.
501: <p>
502:
503: <hr>
504: Please refer to the following files on the three CDROMs or FTP mirror for
505: extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 4.9 on your machine:
506: <p>
507: <ul>
508: <li>CD1:4.9/i386/INSTALL.i386
509: <p>
510: <li>CD2:4.9/amd64/INSTALL.amd64
511: <li>CD2:4.9/macppc/INSTALL.macppc
512: <p>
513: <li>CD3:4.9/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64
514: <p>
515: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/alpha/INSTALL.alpha
516: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/armish/INSTALL.armish
517: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/hp300/INSTALL.hp300
518: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/hppa/INSTALL.hppa
519: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/landisk/INSTALL.landisk
520: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/loongson/INSTALL.loongson
521: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k
522: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k
523: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/sgi/INSTALL.sgi
524: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/socppc/INSTALL.socppc
525: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/sparc/INSTALL.sparc
526: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/vax/INSTALL.vax
527: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus
528: </ul>
529: <hr>
530:
531: <p>
532: Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
533: use of the "disklabel -E" command. If you are at all confused when
534: installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!
535: <p>
536:
537: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/i386:</font></h3>
538: <ul>
539: Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
540: release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
541: to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
542: <i>CD1:4.9/i386/floppy49.fs</i> to a floppy and boot via the floppy drive.
543:
544: <p>
545: Use <i>CD1:4.9/i386/floppyB49.fs</i> instead for greater SCSI controller
546: support, or <i>CD1:4.9/i386/floppyC49.fs</i> for better laptop support.
547:
548: <p>
549: If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
550: you can install across the network using PXE as described in
551: the included INSTALL.i386 document.
552:
553: <p>
554: If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
555: read INSTALL.i386.
556:
557: <p>
558: To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the "rawrite" utility located
559: at <i>CD1:4.9/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
560: use the
561: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1">dd(1)</a>
562: utility. The following is an example usage of
563: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1">dd(1)</a>,
564: where the device could be "floppy", "rfd0c", or
565: "rfd0a".
566:
567: <ul><pre>
568: # <strong>dd if=<file> of=/dev/<device> bs=32k</strong>
569: </pre></ul>
570:
571: <p>
572: Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
573: your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
574: floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
575: <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">FAQ 4.3.2</a>.
576: </ul>
577:
578: <p>
579: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/amd64:</font></h3>
580: <ul>
581: The 4.9 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
582: Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
583: your BIOS options first.
584: If you can't boot from the CD, you can create a boot floppy to install from.
585: To do this, write <i>CD2:4.9/amd64/floppy49.fs</i> to a floppy, then
586: boot from the floppy drive.
587:
588: <p>
589: If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
590: you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
591: INSTALL.amd64 document.
592:
593: <p>
594: If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
595: read INSTALL.amd64.
596: </ul>
597:
598: <p>
599: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/macppc:</font></h3>
600: <ul>
601: Put CD2 in your CDROM drive and poweron your machine while holding down the
602: <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
603:
604: <p>
605: Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
606: /4.9/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
607: </ul>
608:
609: <p>
610: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc64:</font></h3>
611: <ul>
612: Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.
613:
614: <p>
615: If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
616: <i>CD3:4.9/sparc64/floppy49.fs</i> or <i>CD3:4.9/sparc64/floppyB49.fs</i>
617: (depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
618: floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
619:
620: <p>
621: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
622: will most likely fail.
623:
624: <p>
625: You can also write <i>CD3:4.9/sparc64/miniroot49.fs</i> to the swap partition on
626: the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
627:
628: <p>
629: If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
630: </ul>
631:
632: <p>
633: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/alpha:</font></h3>
634: <ul>
635: <p>Write <i>FTP:4.9/alpha/floppy49.fs</i> or
636: <i>FTP:4.9/alpha/floppyB49.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
637: enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
638:
639: <p>
640: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
641: will most likely fail.
642:
643: </ul>
644:
645: <p>
646: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/armish:</font></h3>
647: <ul>
648: <p>
649: After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network
650: either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,
651: then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.
652: IOData HDL-G can only boot from an EXT-2 partition. Boot into linux
653: and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)
654: then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.
655: More details are available in INSTALL.armish.
656: </ul>
657:
658: <p>
659: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hp300:</font></h3>
660: <ul>
661: <p>
662: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.
663: </ul>
664:
665: <p>
666: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hppa:</font></h3>
667: <ul>
668: <p>
669: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
670: <a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
671: </ul>
672:
673: <p>
674: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/landisk:</font></h3>
675: <ul>
676: <p>
677: Write <i>miniroot49.fs</i> to the start of the CF
678: or disk, and boot normally.
679: </ul>
680:
681: <p>
682: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/loongson:</font></h3>
683: <ul>
684: <p>
685: Write <i>miniroot49.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
686: or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
687: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
688: </ul>
689: <p>
690:
691: <p>
692: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme68k:</font></h3>
693: <ul>
694: <p>
695: You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
696: The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
697: and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k
698: for more details.
699: </ul>
700:
701: <p>
702: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme88k:</font></h3>
703: <ul>
704: <p>
705: You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
706: The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
707: and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k
708: for more details.
709: </ul>
710:
711: <p>
712: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sgi:</font></h3>
713: <ul>
714: <p>
715: To install on an O2, burn cd49.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
716: machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
717: menu.
718:
719: <p>
720: On other systems, or if your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can
721: setup a DHCP/tftp network server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using
722: the kernel matching your system type.
723: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
724: </ul>
725:
726: <p>
727: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/socppc:</font></h3>
728: <ul>
729: <p>
730: After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.
731: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.
732: </ul>
733:
734: <p>
735: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc:</font></h3>
736: <ul>
737: Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two
738: commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.
739:
740: <ul><pre>
741: ok <strong>boot cdrom 4.9/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>
742: or
743: > <strong>b sd(0,6,0)4.9/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>
744: </pre></ul>
745:
746: <p>
747: If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
748: To do so you need to write <i>floppy49.fs</i> to a floppy.
749: For more information see <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">FAQ 4.3.2</a>.
750: To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,
751: depending on the version of your ROM.
752:
753: <ul><pre>
754: ok <strong>boot floppy</strong>
755: or
756: > <strong>b fd()</strong>
757: </pre></ul>
758:
759: <p>
760: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
761: will most likely fail.
762:
763: <p>
764: If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
765: setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
766: INSTALL.sparc file.
767: </ul>
768:
769: <p>
770: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/vax:</font></h3>
771: <ul>
772: Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.
773: </ul>
774:
775: <p>
776: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/zaurus:</font></h3>
777: <ul>
778: <p>
779: Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the
780: openbsd49_arm.ipk package. Reboot, then run it. Read INSTALL.zaurus
781: for a few important details.
782: </ul>
783:
784: <p>
785: <h3><font color="#e00000">Notes about the source code:</font></h3>
786: <ul>
787: src.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src. This file
788: contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
789: in a separate archive. To extract:
790: <p>
791: <ul><pre>
792: # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src</strong>
793: # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>
794: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</strong>
795: </pre></ul>
796: <p>
797: sys.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src/sys.
798: This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
799: To extract:
800: <p>
801: <ul><pre>
802: # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</strong>
803: # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>
804: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</strong>
805: </pre></ul>
806: <p>
807: Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout. Using these trees it
808: is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
809: described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
810: Using these files
811: results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
812: a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
813: <p>
814: </ul>
815:
816: <a name="upgrade"></a>
817: <hr>
818: <p>
819: <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to upgrade</font></h3>
820: <p>
1.2 deraadt 821: If you already have an OpenBSD 4.8 system, and do not want to reinstall,
1.1 deraadt 822: upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
823: <a href="faq/upgrade49.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
824:
825: <a name="ports"></a>
826: <hr>
827: <p>
828: <h3><font color="#0000e0">Ports Tree</font></h3>
829: <p>
830: A ports tree archive is also provided. To extract:
831: <p>
832: <ul><pre>
833: # <strong>cd /usr</strong>
834: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</strong>
835: # <strong>cd ports</strong>
836: </pre></ul>
837: <p>
838: The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree. Go
839: read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
840: if you know nothing about ports
841: at this point. This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
842: Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
843: OpenBSD ports system.
844: <p>
845: The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
846: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=cvs&apropos=0&sektion=1&manpath=OpenBSD+Current&arch=i386">
847: cvs(1)</a> if
848: you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports. As with our complete
849: source tree, our ports tree is available via anoncvs. So, in
850: order to keep current with it, you must make the <i>ports/</i> tree
851: available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
852: like:
853: <p>
854: <ul><pre>
855: # <strong>cd [portsdir]/; cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_4_9</strong>
856: </pre></ul>
857: <p>
858: [Of course, you must replace the local directory and server name here
859: with the location of your ports collection and a nearby anoncvs
860: server.]
861: <p>
862: Note that most ports are available as packages through FTP. Updated
863: packages for the 4.9 release will be made available if problems arise.
864: <p>
865: If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
866: would like to know more, the mailing list ports@openbsd.org is a good
867: place to know.
868: <p>
869:
870: </body>
871: </html>
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