Annotation of www/49.html, Revision 1.49
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1.48 deraadt 4: <title>OpenBSD 4.9</title>
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1.48 deraadt 21: <img align="left" width="227" height="343" hspace="24" src="images/Hitchhiker.jpg"></a>
22: <h2><font color="#0000e0">OpenBSD 4.9</font></h2>
1.1 deraadt 23: <p>
24: Released May 1, 2011<br>
25: Copyright 1997-2011, Theo de Raadt.<br>
26: <font color="#e00000">ISBN 978-0-9784475-7-1</font>
27: <br>
28: <a href="lyrics.html#49">4.9 Song: "The Answer"</a>
29: <p>
30: <ul>
1.46 dcoppa 31: <li>Order a CDROM from our <a href="orders.html">ordering system</a>.
1.1 deraadt 32: <li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">The FTP page</a> for
33: a list of mirror machines.
34: <li>Go to the <font color="#e00000">pub/OpenBSD/4.9/</font> directory on
35: one of the mirror sites.
36: <li>Briefly read the rest of this document.
37: <li>Have a look at <a href="errata49.html">The 4.9 Errata page</a> for a list
38: of bugs and workarounds.
39: <li>See a <a href="plus49.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
40: 4.8 and 4.9 releases.
41: </ul>
42: <br clear=all>
1.49 ! deraadt 43: <p>
1.48 deraadt 44: All applicable copyrights and credits can be found in the applicable
45: file sources found in the files src.tar.gz, sys.tar.gz,
46: xenocara.tar.gz, or in the files fetched via ports.tar.gz. The
47: distribution files used to build packages from the ports.tar.gz file
48: are not included on the CDROM because of lack of space.
1.1 deraadt 49: <p>
50:
51: <a name="new"></a>
52: <hr>
53: <p>
54: <h3><font color="#0000e0">What's New</font></h3>
55: <p>
56: This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 4.9.
57: For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus49.html">changelog</a> leading
58: to 4.9.
59: <p>
60:
61: <ul>
62:
1.3 deraadt 63: <li>New/extended platforms:
64: <ul>
1.25 jsing 65: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/amd64.html">OpenBSD/amd64</a>
66: and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/i386.html">OpenBSD/i386</a>:
1.3 deraadt 67: <ul>
1.36 sthen 68: <li>Enabled <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mount_ntfs&sektion=8&format=html">NTFS</a> by default (read-only) on GENERIC kernels.
1.33 jcs 69: <li>Enabled the <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vmt&sektion=4&format=html">vmt(4)</a> driver by default for VMWare tools support as a guest.
1.11 jj 70: <li>SMP kernels can now boot on machines with up to 64 cores.
71: <li>Maximum allocation size for i386 bumped to 2G.
1.19 stsp 72: <li>Handle >16 disks when searching for kernel boot device.
1.37 jsg 73: <li>Added support for AES-NI instructions found in recent Intel
74: processors.
1.31 deraadt 75: <li>Further improvements in suspend and resume.
76: <li>Processes are now switched to TSS per cpu on the
77: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/amd64.html">amd64</a> platform,
78: resulting in removal of the old limit of ~4000 processes.
1.3 deraadt 79: </ul>
1.25 jsing 80: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/hppa.html">OpenBSD/hppa</a>:
1.21 jsing 81: <ul>
82: <li>Multiprocessor support.
83: </ul>
1.25 jsing 84: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/loongson.html">OpenBSD/loongson</a>
85: and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>:
1.3 deraadt 86: <ul>
1.25 jsing 87: <li>All MIPS64 based platforms now use MI softfloat code, which
88: implements all MIPS IV specified floating point operations.
1.3 deraadt 89: </ul>
1.25 jsing 90: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html">OpenBSD/sparc64</a>:
1.3 deraadt 91: <ul>
1.25 jsing 92: <li>The <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vdsp&sektion=4&arch=sparc64">vdsp(4)</a> driver now supports the vDisk 1.1
93: protocol, allowing Solaris to run on top of an OpenBSD
94: control domain.
1.3 deraadt 95: </ul>
96: </ul>
97: <p>
98:
99: <li>Improved hardware support, including:
100: <ul>
1.25 jsing 101: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vte&sektion=4&format=html">vte(4)</a>
1.9 kevlo 102: driver for RDC R6040 10/100 Ethernet devices.</li>
1.25 jsing 103: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rdcphy&sektion=4&format=html">rdcphy(4)</a>
1.10 jsg 104: driver for RDC Semiconductor R6040 10/100 Ethernet PHY.
1.25 jsing 105: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rsu&sektion=4&format=html">rsu(4)</a>
1.33 jcs 106: driver for Realtek RTL8188SU/RTL8191SU/RTL8192SU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless devices.
1.25 jsing 107: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=urtwn&sektion=4&format=html">urtwn(4)</a>
1.33 jcs 108: driver for Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless devices.
1.25 jsing 109: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=utwitch&sektion=4&format=html">utwitch(4)</a>
1.10 jsg 110: driver for YUREX USB twitch/jiggle of knee sensor.
1.33 jcs 111: <li>Support for AR9271, AR9280+AR7010 and AR9287+AR7010 USB IEEE 802.11a/g/n wireless
1.25 jsing 112: adapters has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=athn&sektion=4&format=html">athn(4)</a>.
1.10 jsg 113: <li>Support for 82583V
114: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4">em(4)</a>.
115: <li>Support for Yukon 88E8059
116: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=msk&sektion=4">msk(4)</a>.
117: <li>Support for SiS191
118: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=se&sektion=4">se(4)</a>.
119: <li>Support for SAS2004
120: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpii&sektion=4">mpii(4)</a>.
121: <li>Support for NVIDIA MCP89 SATA
122: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pciide&sektion=4">pciide(4)</a>.
1.30 deraadt 123: <li>Support for Mobility Radeon HD 4200
1.10 jsg 124: has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=radeondrm&sektion=4">radeondrm(4)</a>.
1.18 krw 125: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pms&sektion=4">pms(4)</a> support has been significantly reworked and expanded.
1.20 deraadt 126: <li>MCLGETI support has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4">xl(4)</a>.
1.24 jsing 127: <li>Support for low latency interrupt modulation has been added to
128: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ix&sektion=4">ix(4)</a>.
129: <li>Port multiplier support has been added to
130: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ahci&sektion=4">ahci(4)</a> and
131: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sili&sektion=4">sili(4)</a>.
132: <li>Support for Sun XVR-300 graphics has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=radeonfb&sektion=4&arch=sparc64">radeonfb(4)</a>.
133: <li>Added workaround for BCM5906 A0/1/2 controller silicon bug in
134: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4">bge(4)</a>.
1.34 jakemsr 135: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ugen&sektion=4">ugen(4)</a>
136: can now be attached along with other drivers to multifunction devices.
137: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4">umodem(4)</a>
138: now supports more devices.
1.40 sthen 139: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=umsm&sektion=4">umsm(4)</a>
140: now supports more mobile broadband devices.
1.34 jakemsr 141: <li>Support for more image processing controls was added to
142: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=uvideo&sektion=4">uvideo(4)</a>.
1.3 deraadt 143: </ul>
144: <p>
145:
146: <li>Generic network stack improvements:
147: <ul>
1.7 dlg 148: <li>Reworking of the MCLGETI livelock algorithm to improve
149: forwarding and host performance under high network load.</li>
1.31 deraadt 150: <li>Added support for socket splicing; sockets can be temporarily connected so that the kernel moves data without userland intervention. This will be used by <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=relayd&sektion=8">relayd(8)</a> in the next release.
1.29 mikeb 151: <li>Added AES-GCM support for IPsec.
1.22 jsing 152: <li>Added automatic send and receive buffer scaling for TCP.
1.20 deraadt 153: <li>Added wpakey option to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8">ifconfig(8)</a> replacing wpa-psk(8).
1.22 jsing 154: <li>TCP acknowledgments are no longer delayed on the loopback interface.
155: <li>Network livelock counters are now exported via <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=3">sysctl(3)</a>.
156: <li>A radix tree sorting bug was fixed, which results in significant
157: improvements to IPsec performance under certain conditions.
1.33 jcs 158: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=8">tcpdump(8)</a> now decodes Multicast DNS (mDNS) traffic.
1.42 jasper 159: <li>Wake on Lan support has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8">arp(8)</a>.
1.45 claudio 160: <li>Enabled MPLS and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpe&sektion=4">mpe(4)</a> by default on GENERIC kernels.</li>
161: <li>Added a mpls option to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8">ifconfig(8)</a> to enable MPLS on a per interface basis replacing the global sysctl knob.</li>
1.35 henning 162: </ul>
163: <p>
164:
1.45 claudio 165: <li>OpenBGPD, OpenOSPFD and other routing daemon improvements:
166: <ul>
167: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgpd&sektion=8">bgpd(8)</a> handles various message encoding errors more gracefully now.</li>
168: <li>Notification messages are now logged in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bgpd&sektion=8">bgpd(8)</a>.</li>
169: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ospfd&sektion=8">ospfd(8)</a> will now correctly redistribute overlapping routes.</li>
170: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ospfctl&sektion=8">ospfctl(8)</a> now prints the LSDB checksum in the show summary output for quick verification that two LSDBs are in sync.</li>
171: <li>Fixed <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ldpd&sektion=8">ldpd(8)</a>'s message parser to work on all architectures and more LDP messages are now implemented.</li>
172: <li>Various improvements in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ospf6d&sektion=8">ospf6d(8)</a>.</li>
173: </ul>
174: <p>
1.35 henning 175: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4">pf(4)</a> improvements:
176: <ul>
1.43 deraadt 177: <li>The logging subsystem has been largely rewritten, now logging the
1.44 deraadt 178: translated addresses again instead of the original ones.
1.35 henning 179: <li>match log rules cause a log on the fly, showing the packet exactly
1.44 deraadt 180: as <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4">pf(4)</a> sees it at the moment of evaluating that rule. A packet can also
1.35 henning 181: be logged more than once now.
1.44 deraadt 182: <li>match log(matches) rules allow the further rule matching to be traced.
1.25 jsing 183: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pflog&sektion=4">pflog(4)</a>
184: now includes the original addresses and ports for packets that have been
185: rewritten. This is also displayed by
186: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=8">tcpdump(8)</a>.
1.3 deraadt 187: </ul>
188: <p>
189:
1.33 jcs 190: <li>IPsec stack audit was performed, resulting in:
1.29 mikeb 191: <ul>
192: <li>Several potential security problems have been identified and fixed.
193: <li>ARC4 based PRNG code was audited and revamped.
194: <li>New explicit_bzero kernel function was introduced to prevent a compiler
195: from optimizing
196: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=bzero&sektion=3">bzero</a>
197: calls away.
198: </ul>
199: <p>
200:
1.3 deraadt 201: <li>SCSI improvements:
202: <ul>
1.6 dlg 203: <li>Improved safety when detaching SCSI devices by waiting for
1.20 deraadt 204: the completion of pending commands.</li>
205: <li>Improved hotplug support on <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpi&sektion=4">mpi(4)</a> and
206: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mpii&sektion=4">mpii(4)</a>.</li>
1.6 dlg 207: <li>Continued iopoolification of SCSI drivers, notably on
1.20 deraadt 208: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4">umass(4)</a> which improves the
209: reliability and performance of multi-LUN devices.</li>
210: <li>Added <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=vscsi&sektion=4">vscsi(4)</a>, a driver for
1.33 jcs 211: userland handling of SCSI device commands.
1.20 deraadt 212: <li>Added <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=iscsid&sektion=8">iscsid(8)</a>, an iSCSI initiator.
1.21 jsing 213: <li>Forcibly restrict devices incapable of tagged I/O to executing one command at a time.
1.17 krw 214: <li>Discover and honour read-only status of <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sd&sektion=4">sd(4)</a> devices.
1.21 jsing 215: <li>Improve <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=st&sektion=4">st(4)</a> handling of I/O residual information.
1.17 krw 216: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sd&sektion=4">sd(4)</a> devices that can only execute one command at a time (e.g. USB) will now be allowed to spin up if necessary.
217: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4">cd(4)</a> will now attach CDROM devices identified as non-removable.
1.3 deraadt 218: </ul>
219: <p>
220:
221: <li>Assorted improvements:
222: <ul>
1.16 krw 223: <li>Enabled wide character support in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ncurses&sektion=3">ncurses(3)</a>.
224: <li>Added <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=nsd&sektion=8">nsd(8)</a>, an authoritative name server implementation.
225: <li>Disklabel UID support improved and added to more utilities.
226: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8">rarpd(8)</a> now accepts a list of interfaces to listen on.
227: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dhclient&sektion=8">dhclient(8)</a> now accepts 'egress' as an interface name, meaning whichever interface is marked as being in the 'egress' group.
228: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dhcpd&sektion=8">dhcpd(8)</a> no longer listens on interfaces without a broadcast address (e.g. <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pflog&sektion=4">pflog(4)</a>).
229: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=who&sektion=1">who(1)</a> now displays as much of the hostname as fits on the line.
230: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=8">tcpdump(8)</a> now correctly handles 'net' primitives when processing <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pflog&sektion=4">pflog(4)</a> traffic.
1.17 krw 231: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=fdisk&sektion=8">fdisk(8)</a> now respects failure to read the MBR.
232: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=fdisk&sektion=8">fdisk(8)</a> will no longer infinitely loop when encountering an improperly constructed EBR.
1.31 deraadt 233: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a> no longer reuses information from a failed partition addition on the next addition of the same partition.
1.17 krw 234: <li>Many unused and obsolete <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disktab&sektion=5">disktab(5)</a> entries removed.
1.33 jcs 235: <li>Enabled X11 autoconfiguration on <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc.html">sparc</a> and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html">sparc64</a>.
1.20 deraadt 236: <li>Implement attribute syntax from RFC4517 and support bsdauth in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ldapd&sektion=8">ldapd(8)</a>.
237: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=video&sektion=1">video(1)</a> utility which can record or display images from <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=video&sektion=4">video(4)</a>.
1.23 jsing 238: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=httpd&sektion=8">httpd(8)</a> mod_headers now handles apache2 style RequestHeader directives.
1.32 jeremy 239: <li>UNIX-domain datagram socket support has been added to <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=nc&sektion=1">nc(1)</a> (-uU option).
1.23 jsing 240: <li>Added support for terabyte units in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a>.
241: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/loongson.html">loongson</a> and
242: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">sgi</a> platforms have been
243: switched over to gcc4.
244: <li><code>ddb cpu</code> support was added to the
245: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">sgi</a> platform.
246: <li>Fast path TLB miss handling was added to the
247: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/landisk.html">landisk</a> platform,
248: resulting in a 44-50% gain in performance.
249: <li>PCIe extended configuration space can now be viewed using
1.44 deraadt 250: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pcidump&sektion=8">pcidump(8)</a> (-xxx option).
1.23 jsing 251: <li>The number of spurious IPIs has been decreased on the
252: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/amd64.html">amd64</a> platform,
253: resulting in improved performance.
1.25 jsing 254: <li>Numerous improvements and bug fixes to
255: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tmux&sektion=1">tmux(1)</a>.
1.27 mikeb 256: <li>Considerable robustness and interoperability improvements in the IKEv2
257: daemon
258: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=iked&sektion=8">iked(8)</a>.
1.28 mikeb 259: <li>Skipjack and libdes were retired from the system.
1.31 deraadt 260: CAST-128 implementation was also removed from libc.
1.34 jakemsr 261: <li>Removed some races in the USB subsystem, substantially increasing
262: reliability.
1.41 pirofti 263: <li>Added a few more
264: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=compat_linux&sektion=8&format=html">compat_linux(8)</a>
265: system calls to make it possible for newer versions of applications,
266: such as Skype, to execute.
1.39 sthen 267: <li>OpenBSD-specific package documentation is now centralised in
268: /usr/local/share/doc/pkg-readmes.
1.3 deraadt 269: </ul>
270: <p>
271:
272: <li>Install/Upgrade process changes:
273: <ul>
1.8 deraadt 274: <li>Fixed the hppa CD installation process.
275: <li>Added some more free firmwares to the CD media that could fit them.
276: <li>Make the macppc upgrade script update the boot blocks (oddly, this
1.31 deraadt 277: had been broken a very long time and no one noticed).
1.8 deraadt 278: <li>Teach the install script about the configuration of 802.11 interfaces.
279: Visible networks can be listed, and even configured for WPA.
280: <li>The install script now passes collected entropy better to the
281: system which is booted next.
1.15 krw 282: <li>Upgrade now defaults to checking only the root filesystem.
283: <li>Upgrade no longer checks filesystems with a fs_passno of 0.
284: <li>Upgrade now asks if it should proceed even if one or more filesystem mounts fail.
285: <li>Installer now configures <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ntpd&sektion=8">ntpd(8)</a> to use all provided time source IPs.
1.3 deraadt 286: </ul>
287: <p>
288:
1.12 ajacouto 289: <li>New <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rc.d&sektion=8">rc.d(8)</a>
290: for starting, stopping and reconfiguring package daemons:
291: <ul>
292: <li>The <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rc.subr&sektion=8">rc.subr(8)</a>
293: framework allows for easy creation of rc scripts.
294: This framework is still evolving.
295: <li>Only a handful of packages have migrated for now.
296: <li>rc.local can still be used instead of or in addition to
297: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=rc.d&sektion=8">rc.d(8)</a>.
298: </ul>
299: <p>
300:
1.4 sobrado 301: <li>OpenSSH 5.8:
1.3 deraadt 302: <ul>
303: <li>New features:
1.4 sobrado 304: <ul>
305: <li>Implement Elliptic Curve Cryptography modes for key exchange (ECDH)
306: and host/user keys (ECDSA) as specified by RFC5656. ECDH and ECDSA
307: offer better performance than plain DH and DSA at the same
308: equivalent symmetric key length, as well as much shorter keys.</li>
309: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>
310: and
311: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp-server&sektion=8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
312: add a protocol extension to support a hard link operation. It is
313: available through the "ln" command in the client. The old "ln"
314: behaviour of creating a symlink is available using its "-s" option
315: or through the preexisting "symlink" command.</li>
316: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>:
317: Add a new -3 option to scp: Copies between two remote hosts are
318: transferred through the local host. Without this option the data is
319: copied directly between the two remote hosts.</li>
320: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
321: automatically order the hostkeys requested by the client based on
322: which hostkeys are already recorded in known_hosts. This avoids
323: hostkey warnings when connecting to servers with new ECDSA keys,
324: since these are now preferred when learning hostkeys for the first
325: time.</li>
326: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
327: and
328: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
329: add a new IPQoS option to specify arbitrary TOS/DSCP/QoS values
330: instead of hardcoding lowdelay/throughput. (bz#1733)</li>
331: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:
332: the sftp client is now significantly faster at performing directory
333: listings, using OpenBSD glob(3) extensions to preserve the results
334: of stat(3) operations performed in the course of its execution
335: rather than performing expensive round trips to fetch them again
336: afterwards.</li>
337: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
338: "atomically" create the listening mux socket by binding it on a
339: temporary name and then linking it into position after listen() has
340: succeeded. This allows the mux clients to determine that the server
341: socket is either ready or stale without races. Stale server sockets
342: are now automatically removed. (also fixes bz#1711)</li>
343: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
344: and
345: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
346: add a <em>KexAlgorithms</em> knob to the client and server
347: configuration to allow selection of which key exchange methods are
348: used by
349: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
350: and
351: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>
352: and their order of preference.</li>
353: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>
354: and
355: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>:
356: factor out bandwidth limiting code from
357: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>
358: into a generic bandwidth limiter that can be attached using the
359: <em>atomicio</em> callback mechanism and use it to add a bandwidth
360: limit option to
361: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>.
362: (bz#1147)</li>
1.3 deraadt 363: </ul>
364: <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
365: <ul>
1.4 sobrado 366: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>
367: and
368: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1">ssh-agent(1)</a>:
369: honour <em>$TMPDIR</em> for client xauth and ssh-agent temporary
370: directories. (bz#1809)</li>
371: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
372: avoid <em>NULL</em> deref on receiving a channel request on an
373: unknown or invalid channel. (bz#1842)</li>
374: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
375: remove a <em>debug()</em> that pollutes stderr on client connecting
376: to a server in debug mode. (bz#1719)</li>
377: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1">scp(1)</a>:
378: pass through ssh command-line flags and options when doing
379: remote-remote transfers, e.g. to enable agent forwarding which is
380: particularly useful in this case. (bz#1837)</li>
381: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp-server&sektion=8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
382: <em>umask</em> should be parsed as octal.</li>
383: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:
1.5 sobrado 384: escape '[' in filename tab-completion.</li>
1.4 sobrado 385: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
386: Typo in confirmation message. (bz#1827)</li>
387: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
388: prevent <em>free()</em> of string in <em>.rodata</em> when
389: overriding <em>AuthorizedKeys</em> in a <em>Match</em> block.</li>
390: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:
1.5 sobrado 391: Use default shell <em>/bin/sh</em> if <em>$SHELL</em> is "".</li>
1.4 sobrado 392: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
393: kill proxy command on <em>fatal()</em> (we already killed it on
394: clean exit).</li>
395: <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:
1.5 sobrado 396: install a <em>SIGCHLD</em> handler to reap expired child process.
1.4 sobrado 397: (bz#1812)</li>
398: <li>Support building against openssl-1.0.0a</li>
399: <li>Fix vulnerability in legacy certificate signing introduced in
400: OpenSSH-5.6 and found by Mateusz Kocielski.</li>
1.3 deraadt 401: </ul>
402: </ul>
403: <p>
404:
405: <li>Mandoc 1.10.9:
406: <ul>
407: <li>New integrated <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tbl&sektion=7">tbl(7)</a> parser and renderer.
408: <li>Support the <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=roff&sektion=7">roff(7)</a> .de, .rm, and .so requests.
409: <li>Support all roff code used in the standard <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=pod2man&sektion=1">pod2man(1)</a> preamble.
410: <li>Fully support roff quoting in <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=7">man(7)</a> documents.
411: <li>Mandoc now copes with most formatting errors that used to be fatal.
412: <li>Much simplified and improved reporting of errors and warnings.
413: <li>Significantly improved -Thtml output quality.
414: <li>The ports tree now allows ports to use either mandoc or groff
415: to render manuals.
416: </ul>
417: <p>
418:
1.14 deraadt 419: <li>Over 6,800 ports, major robustness and speed improvements in package tools.
1.3 deraadt 420: <li>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
421: <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="95%">
422: <tr>
423: <td valign="top" width="25%">
424: <ul>
425: <li>i386: 6620
426: <li>sparc64: 6225
427: <li>alpha: 6000
428: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
1.20 deraadt 429: <li>sh: 3656
1.3 deraadt 430: <li>amd64: 6570
431: <li>powerpc: 6272
432: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
433: <li>sparc: 4184
1.20 deraadt 434: <li>arm: 5679
1.8 deraadt 435: <li>hppa: 5838
1.3 deraadt 436: </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
437: <li>vax: 1068
438: <li>mips64: 5492
439: <li>mips64el: 5499
440: </ul></td></tr></table>
441: Some highlights:
442: <ul>
443: <li>Gnome 2.32.1.
444: <li>KDE 3.5.10.
445: <li>Xfce 4.8.0.
446: <li>MySQL 5.1.54.
447: <li>PostgreSQL 9.0.3.
448: <li>Postfix 2.7.2.
449: <li>OpenLDAP 2.3.43 and 2.4.23.
450: <li>Mozilla Firefox 3.5.16 and 3.6.13.
451: <li>Mozilla Thunderbird 3.1.7.
452: <li>OpenOffice.org 3.3.0rc9.
1.26 jasper 453: <li>LibreOffice 3.3.0.4.
1.3 deraadt 454: <li>Emacs 21.4 and 22.3.
455: <li>Vim 7.3.3.
456: <li>PHP 5.2.16.
457: <li>Python 2.4.6, 2.5.4 and 2.6.6.
458: <li>Ruby 1.8.7.330 and 1.9.2.136.
459: <li>Mono 2.8.2.
1.26 jasper 460: <li>Chromium 9.0.597.94.
1.3 deraadt 461: </ul>
462: <p>
463:
464: <li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
465: <p>
466:
467: <li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
468: <ul>
1.13 matthieu 469: <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.6 with xserver 1.9 + patches,
470: freetype 2.4.4,
1.19 stsp 471: fontconfig 2.8.0, Mesa 7.8.2, xterm 267 and more)
1.20 deraadt 472: <li>Gcc 2.95.3 (+ patches), 3.3.5 (+ patches) and 4.2.1 (+ patches)
473: <li>Perl 5.12.2 (+ patches)
1.3 deraadt 474: <li>Our improved and secured version of Apache 1.3, with SSL/TLS
1.20 deraadt 475: and DSO support
476: <li>OpenSSL 1.0.0a (+ patches)
477: <li>Sendmail 8.14.3, with libmilter
478: <li>Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches)
479: <li>Lynx 2.8.6rel.5 with HTTPS and IPv6 support (+ patches)
480: <li>Sudo 1.7.2p8
481: <li>Ncurses 5.7
482: <li>Heimdal 0.7.2 (+ patches)
483: <li>Arla 0.35.7
484: <li>Binutils 2.15 (+ patches)
485: <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
1.3 deraadt 486: </ul>
1.1 deraadt 487: <p>
488:
489: </ul>
490:
491: <a name="install"></a>
492: <hr>
493: <p>
494: <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to install</font></h3>
495: <p>
496: Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
497: paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
498: form of install. The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style
499: of) install are very similar; the CDROM instructions are left intact
500: so that you can see how much easier it would have been if you had
501: purchased a CDROM instead.
502: <p>
503:
504: <hr>
505: Please refer to the following files on the three CDROMs or FTP mirror for
506: extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 4.9 on your machine:
507: <p>
508: <ul>
509: <li>CD1:4.9/i386/INSTALL.i386
510: <p>
511: <li>CD2:4.9/amd64/INSTALL.amd64
512: <li>CD2:4.9/macppc/INSTALL.macppc
513: <p>
514: <li>CD3:4.9/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64
515: <p>
516: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/alpha/INSTALL.alpha
517: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/armish/INSTALL.armish
518: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/hp300/INSTALL.hp300
519: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/hppa/INSTALL.hppa
520: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/landisk/INSTALL.landisk
521: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/loongson/INSTALL.loongson
522: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k
523: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k
524: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/sgi/INSTALL.sgi
525: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/socppc/INSTALL.socppc
526: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/sparc/INSTALL.sparc
527: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/vax/INSTALL.vax
528: <li>FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.9/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus
529: </ul>
530: <hr>
531:
532: <p>
533: Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
534: use of the "disklabel -E" command. If you are at all confused when
535: installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!
536: <p>
537:
538: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/i386:</font></h3>
539: <ul>
540: Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
541: release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
542: to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
543: <i>CD1:4.9/i386/floppy49.fs</i> to a floppy and boot via the floppy drive.
544:
545: <p>
546: Use <i>CD1:4.9/i386/floppyB49.fs</i> instead for greater SCSI controller
547: support, or <i>CD1:4.9/i386/floppyC49.fs</i> for better laptop support.
548:
549: <p>
550: If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
551: you can install across the network using PXE as described in
552: the included INSTALL.i386 document.
553:
554: <p>
555: If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
556: read INSTALL.i386.
557:
558: <p>
559: To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the "rawrite" utility located
560: at <i>CD1:4.9/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
561: use the
562: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1">dd(1)</a>
563: utility. The following is an example usage of
564: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1">dd(1)</a>,
565: where the device could be "floppy", "rfd0c", or
566: "rfd0a".
567:
568: <ul><pre>
569: # <strong>dd if=<file> of=/dev/<device> bs=32k</strong>
570: </pre></ul>
571:
572: <p>
573: Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
574: your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
575: floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
576: <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">FAQ 4.3.2</a>.
577: </ul>
578:
579: <p>
580: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/amd64:</font></h3>
581: <ul>
582: The 4.9 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
583: Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
584: your BIOS options first.
585: If you can't boot from the CD, you can create a boot floppy to install from.
586: To do this, write <i>CD2:4.9/amd64/floppy49.fs</i> to a floppy, then
587: boot from the floppy drive.
588:
589: <p>
590: If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
591: you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
592: INSTALL.amd64 document.
593:
594: <p>
595: If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
596: read INSTALL.amd64.
597: </ul>
598:
599: <p>
600: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/macppc:</font></h3>
601: <ul>
602: Put CD2 in your CDROM drive and poweron your machine while holding down the
603: <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
604:
605: <p>
606: Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
607: /4.9/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
608: </ul>
609:
610: <p>
611: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc64:</font></h3>
612: <ul>
613: Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.
614:
615: <p>
616: If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
617: <i>CD3:4.9/sparc64/floppy49.fs</i> or <i>CD3:4.9/sparc64/floppyB49.fs</i>
618: (depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
619: floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
620:
621: <p>
622: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
623: will most likely fail.
624:
625: <p>
626: You can also write <i>CD3:4.9/sparc64/miniroot49.fs</i> to the swap partition on
627: the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
628:
629: <p>
630: If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
631: </ul>
632:
633: <p>
634: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/alpha:</font></h3>
635: <ul>
636: <p>Write <i>FTP:4.9/alpha/floppy49.fs</i> or
637: <i>FTP:4.9/alpha/floppyB49.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
638: enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
639:
640: <p>
641: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
642: will most likely fail.
643:
644: </ul>
645:
646: <p>
647: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/armish:</font></h3>
648: <ul>
649: <p>
650: After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network
651: either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,
652: then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.
653: IOData HDL-G can only boot from an EXT-2 partition. Boot into linux
654: and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)
655: then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.
656: More details are available in INSTALL.armish.
657: </ul>
658:
659: <p>
660: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hp300:</font></h3>
661: <ul>
662: <p>
663: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.
664: </ul>
665:
666: <p>
667: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hppa:</font></h3>
668: <ul>
669: <p>
670: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
671: <a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
672: </ul>
673:
674: <p>
675: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/landisk:</font></h3>
676: <ul>
677: <p>
678: Write <i>miniroot49.fs</i> to the start of the CF
679: or disk, and boot normally.
680: </ul>
681:
682: <p>
683: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/loongson:</font></h3>
684: <ul>
685: <p>
686: Write <i>miniroot49.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
687: or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
688: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
689: </ul>
690: <p>
691:
692: <p>
693: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme68k:</font></h3>
694: <ul>
695: <p>
696: You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
697: The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
698: and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k
699: for more details.
700: </ul>
701:
702: <p>
703: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme88k:</font></h3>
704: <ul>
705: <p>
706: You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
707: The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
708: and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k
709: for more details.
710: </ul>
711:
712: <p>
713: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sgi:</font></h3>
714: <ul>
715: <p>
716: To install on an O2, burn cd49.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
717: machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
718: menu.
719:
720: <p>
721: On other systems, or if your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can
722: setup a DHCP/tftp network server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using
723: the kernel matching your system type.
724: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
725: </ul>
726:
727: <p>
728: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/socppc:</font></h3>
729: <ul>
730: <p>
731: After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.
732: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.
733: </ul>
734:
735: <p>
736: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc:</font></h3>
737: <ul>
738: Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two
739: commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.
740:
741: <ul><pre>
742: ok <strong>boot cdrom 4.9/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>
743: or
744: > <strong>b sd(0,6,0)4.9/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>
745: </pre></ul>
746:
747: <p>
748: If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
749: To do so you need to write <i>floppy49.fs</i> to a floppy.
750: For more information see <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">FAQ 4.3.2</a>.
751: To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,
752: depending on the version of your ROM.
753:
754: <ul><pre>
755: ok <strong>boot floppy</strong>
756: or
757: > <strong>b fd()</strong>
758: </pre></ul>
759:
760: <p>
761: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
762: will most likely fail.
763:
764: <p>
765: If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
766: setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
767: INSTALL.sparc file.
768: </ul>
769:
770: <p>
771: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/vax:</font></h3>
772: <ul>
773: Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.
774: </ul>
775:
776: <p>
777: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/zaurus:</font></h3>
778: <ul>
779: <p>
780: Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the
781: openbsd49_arm.ipk package. Reboot, then run it. Read INSTALL.zaurus
782: for a few important details.
783: </ul>
784:
785: <p>
786: <h3><font color="#e00000">Notes about the source code:</font></h3>
787: <ul>
788: src.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src. This file
789: contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
790: in a separate archive. To extract:
791: <p>
792: <ul><pre>
793: # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src</strong>
794: # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>
795: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</strong>
796: </pre></ul>
797: <p>
798: sys.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src/sys.
799: This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
800: To extract:
801: <p>
802: <ul><pre>
803: # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</strong>
804: # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>
805: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</strong>
806: </pre></ul>
807: <p>
808: Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout. Using these trees it
809: is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
810: described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
811: Using these files
812: results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
813: a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
814: <p>
815: </ul>
816:
817: <a name="upgrade"></a>
818: <hr>
819: <p>
820: <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to upgrade</font></h3>
821: <p>
1.2 deraadt 822: If you already have an OpenBSD 4.8 system, and do not want to reinstall,
1.1 deraadt 823: upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
824: <a href="faq/upgrade49.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
825:
826: <a name="ports"></a>
827: <hr>
828: <p>
829: <h3><font color="#0000e0">Ports Tree</font></h3>
830: <p>
831: A ports tree archive is also provided. To extract:
832: <p>
833: <ul><pre>
834: # <strong>cd /usr</strong>
835: # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</strong>
836: # <strong>cd ports</strong>
837: </pre></ul>
838: <p>
839: The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree. Go
840: read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
841: if you know nothing about ports
842: at this point. This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
843: Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
844: OpenBSD ports system.
845: <p>
846: The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
847: <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=cvs&apropos=0&sektion=1&manpath=OpenBSD+Current&arch=i386">
848: cvs(1)</a> if
849: you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports. As with our complete
850: source tree, our ports tree is available via anoncvs. So, in
851: order to keep current with it, you must make the <i>ports/</i> tree
852: available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
853: like:
854: <p>
855: <ul><pre>
856: # <strong>cd [portsdir]/; cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_4_9</strong>
857: </pre></ul>
858: <p>
859: [Of course, you must replace the local directory and server name here
860: with the location of your ports collection and a nearby anoncvs
861: server.]
862: <p>
863: Note that most ports are available as packages through FTP. Updated
864: packages for the 4.9 release will be made available if problems arise.
865: <p>
866: If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
867: would like to know more, the mailing list ports@openbsd.org is a good
868: place to know.
869: <p>
870:
871: </body>
872: </html>