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 <title>OpenBSD 5.5</title>  <title>OpenBSD 5.5</title>
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   <h2 id=OpenBSD>
 <a href="index.html">  <a href="index.html">
 <i><font color="#0000ff">Open</font></i><font color="#000084">BSD</font></a>  <i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
 <font color="#e00000">5.5</font>  5.5
 </h2>  </h2>
   
   <table>
   <tr>
   <td>
 <a href="images/McFishy.jpg">  <a href="images/McFishy.jpg">
 <img align="left" width="227" height="343" hspace="24" src="images/McFishy.jpg"></a>  <img width="227" height="343" src="images/McFishy.jpg" alt="McFishy"></a>
   <td>
 Released May 1, 2014<br>  Released May 1, 2014<br>
 Copyright 1997-2014, Theo de Raadt.<br>  Copyright 1997-2014, Theo de Raadt.<br>
 <font color="#e00000">ISBN 978-0-9881561-3-5</font>  <cite class=isbn>ISBN 978-0-9881561-3-5</cite>
 <br>  <br>
 5.5 Song: <a href="lyrics.html#55">"Wrap in Time"</a>  5.5 Song: <a href="lyrics.html#55">"Wrap in Time"</a>
 <br>  <br>
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 <ul>  <ul>
 <li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for  <li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
     a list of mirror machines.      a list of mirror machines.
 <li>Go to the <font color="#e00000">pub/OpenBSD/5.5/</font> directory on  <li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/5.5/</code> directory on
     one of the mirror sites.      one of the mirror sites.
 <li>Have a look at <a href="errata55.html">the 5.5 errata page</a> for a list  <li>Have a look at <a href="errata55.html">the 5.5 errata page</a> for a list
     of bugs and workarounds.      of bugs and workarounds.
 <li>See a <a href="plus55.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the  <li>See a <a href="plus55.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
     5.4 and 5.5 releases.      5.4 and 5.5 releases.
 <p>  <p>
 <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=signify&amp;sektion=1">signify(1)</a> pubkeys for this release:<p>  <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a> pubkeys for this release:<p>
   
 <table cellspacing=0 style='font-family:monospace'><tr>  <table class=signify>
 <td>  <tr><td>
 openbsd-55-base.pub:  openbsd-55-base.pub:
 </td><td>  <td>
 RWRGy8gxk9N9314J0gh9U02lA7s8i6ITajJiNgxQOndvXvM5ZPX+nQ9h  RWRGy8gxk9N9314J0gh9U02lA7s8i6ITajJiNgxQOndvXvM5ZPX+nQ9h
 </td></tr><tr><td>  <tr><td>
 openbsd-55-fw.pub:  openbsd-55-fw.pub:
 </td><td>  <td>
 RWTdVOhdk5qyNktv0iGV6OpaVfogGxTYc1bbkaUhFlExmclYvpJR/opO  RWTdVOhdk5qyNktv0iGV6OpaVfogGxTYc1bbkaUhFlExmclYvpJR/opO
 </td></tr><tr><td>  <tr><td>
 openbsd-55-pkg.pub:  openbsd-55-pkg.pub:
 </td><td>  <td>
 RWQQC1M9dhm/tja/ktitJs/QVI1kGTQr7W7jtUmdZ4uTp+4yZJ6RRHb5  RWQQC1M9dhm/tja/ktitJs/QVI1kGTQr7W7jtUmdZ4uTp+4yZJ6RRHb5
 </td></tr>  
 </table>  </table>
   
 <p>  <p>
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 sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the  sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
 files fetched via ports.tar.gz.  files fetched via ports.tar.gz.
 </ul>  </ul>
 <br clear=all>  </table>
   
 <hr>  <hr>
   
 <a name="new"></a>  <section id=new>
 <h3><font color="#0000e0">What's New</font></h3>  <h3>What's New</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 5.5.  This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 5.5.
 For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus55.html">changelog</a> leading  For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus55.html">changelog</a> leading
 to 5.5.  to 5.5.
 <p>  
   
 <ul>  <ul>
 <li>time_t is now 64 bits on all platforms.  <li>time_t is now 64 bits on all platforms.
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     <li>From OpenBSD 5.5 onwards, OpenBSD is year 2038 ready and will run well beyond Tue Jan 19 03:14:07 2038 UTC.      <li>From OpenBSD 5.5 onwards, OpenBSD is year 2038 ready and will run well beyond Tue Jan 19 03:14:07 2038 UTC.
     <li>The entire source tree (kernel, libraries, and userland programs) has been carefully and comprehensively audited to support 64-bit time_t.      <li>The entire source tree (kernel, libraries, and userland programs) has been carefully and comprehensively audited to support 64-bit time_t.
     <li>Userland programs that were changed include      <li>Userland programs that were changed include
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=arp&sektion=8">arp(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/arp.8">arp(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=bgpd&sektion=8">bgpd(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=calendar&sektion=8">calendar(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/calendar.8">calendar(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=cron&sektion=8">cron(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cron.8">cron(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=find&sektion=1">find(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/find.1">find(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8">fsck_ffs(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fsck_ffs.8">fsck_ffs(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ifconfig&sektion=8">ifconfig(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ksh&sektion=1">ksh(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ksh.1">ksh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ld&sektion=1">ld(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ld.1">ld(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ld.so&sektion=1">ld.so(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ld.so.1">ld.so(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=netstat&sektion=1">netstat(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/netstat.1">netstat(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pfctl&sektion=8">pfctl(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ping&sektion=8">ping(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=rtadvd&sektion=8">rtadvd(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rtadvd.8">rtadvd(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=tar&sektion=1">tar(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tar.1">tar(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=tmux&sektion=1">tmux(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=top&sektion=1">top(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/top.1">top(1)</a>,
         and many others, including games!          and many others, including games!
     <li>Removed time_t from network, on-disk, and database formats.      <li>Removed time_t from network, on-disk, and database formats.
     <li>Removed as many (time_t) casts as possible.      <li>Removed as many (time_t) casts as possible.
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 <p>  <p>
   
 <li>Releases and packages are now cryptographically signed with the  <li>Releases and packages are now cryptographically signed with the
 <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=signify&amp;sektion=1">signify(1)</a> utility.  <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a> utility.
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>The installer will verify all sets before installing.      <li>The installer will verify all sets before installing.
     <li>Installing without verification works, but is discouraged.      <li>Installing without verification works, but is discouraged.
     <li>Users are advised to verify the installer (bsd.rd, install55.iso, etc.)      <li>Users are advised to verify the installer (bsd.rd, install55.iso, etc.)
         ahead of time using the          ahead of time using the
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=signify&sektion=1#end">signify(1)</a> tool if available.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a> tool if available.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1">pkg_add(1)</a> now only trusts signed packages by default.      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a> now only trusts signed packages by default.
     </ul>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
   
 <li>Installer improvements:  <li>Installer improvements:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>The installer now supports a scriptable      <li>The installer now supports a scriptable
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=autoinstall&sektion=8">auto-installation</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/autoinstall.8">auto-installation</a>
          method that enables unattended installation and upgrades using a response file.           method that enables unattended installation and upgrades using a response file.
     <li>Disk images which can be written to a USB flash drive      <li>Disk images which can be written to a USB flash drive
         (miniroot55.fs [bsd.rd only] and install55.fs [bsd.rd + unsigned sets])          (miniroot55.fs [bsd.rd only] and install55.fs [bsd.rd + unsigned sets])
         are now provided for amd64 and i386.          are now provided for amd64 and i386.
     <li>Rewritten      <li>Rewritten
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=installboot&amp;sektion=8">installboot(8)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/installboot.8">installboot(8)</a>
         utility aiming for a unified implementation across platforms (currently          utility aiming for a unified implementation across platforms (currently
         used by amd64 and i386 only).          used by amd64 and i386 only).
     <li>The installer now parses nwids with embedded blanks correctly.      <li>The installer now parses nwids with embedded blanks correctly.
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 <li>Improved hardware support, including:  <li>Improved hardware support, including:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4">vmx(4)</a>      <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmx.4">vmx(4)</a>
         driver for VMware VMXNET3 Virtual Interface Controller devices.          driver for VMware VMXNET3 Virtual Interface Controller devices.
     <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=vmwpvs&amp;sektion=4">vmwpvs(4)</a>      <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmwpvs.4">vmwpvs(4)</a>
         driver for VMware Paravirtual SCSI.          driver for VMware Paravirtual SCSI.
     <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=vioscsi&amp;sektion=4">vioscsi(4)</a>      <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vioscsi.4">vioscsi(4)</a>
         driver for VirtIO SCSI adapters.          driver for VirtIO SCSI adapters.
     <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=viornd&amp;sektion=4">viornd(4)</a>      <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/viornd.4">viornd(4)</a>
         driver for VirtIO random number devices.          driver for VirtIO random number devices.
     <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ubcmtp&amp;sektion=4">ubcmtp(4)</a>      <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ubcmtp.4">ubcmtp(4)</a>
         driver for Broadcom multi-touch trackpads found on newer Apple MacBook,          driver for Broadcom multi-touch trackpads found on newer Apple MacBook,
         MacBook Pro, and MacBook Air laptops.          MacBook Pro, and MacBook Air laptops.
     <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ugold&amp;sektion=4">ugold(4)</a>      <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ugold.4">ugold(4)</a>
         driver for TEMPer gold HID thermometers.          driver for TEMPer gold HID thermometers.
     <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ugl&amp;sektion=4">ugl(4)</a>      <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ugl.4">ugl(4)</a>
         driver for Genesys Logic based USB host-to-host adapters.          driver for Genesys Logic based USB host-to-host adapters.
     <li> New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=qle&amp;sektion=4">qle(4)</a> driver for QLogic Fibre Channel HBAs.      <li> New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/qle.4">qle(4)</a> driver for QLogic Fibre Channel HBAs.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=radeondrm&amp;sektion=4">radeondrm(4)</a>      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radeondrm.4">radeondrm(4)</a>
         has been overhauled, including:          has been overhauled, including:
         <ul>          <ul>
         <li>New port of the Radeon code in Linux 3.8.13.19.          <li>New port of the Radeon code in Linux 3.8.13.19.
         <li>Support for Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) including support for          <li>Support for Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) including support for
             additional output types such as DisplayPort.              additional output types such as DisplayPort.
         <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=wsdisplay&amp;sektion=4">wsdisplay(4)</a>          <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/wsdisplay.4">wsdisplay(4)</a>
             now attaches to              now attaches to
             <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=radeondrm&amp;sektion=4">radeondrm(4)</a>              <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radeondrm.4">radeondrm(4)</a>
             and provides a framebuffer console.              and provides a framebuffer console.
         </ul>          </ul>
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=inteldrm&amp;sektion=4">inteldrm(4)</a>      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/inteldrm.4">inteldrm(4)</a>
         has been updated to Linux 3.8.13.19 notably bringing Haswell stability fixes.          has been updated to Linux 3.8.13.19 notably bringing Haswell stability fixes.
     <li>Support for Intel 8 Series Ethernet with i217/i218 PHYs, and      <li>Support for Intel 8 Series Ethernet with i217/i218 PHYs, and
         i210/i211/i354 has been added to          i210/i211/i354 has been added to
          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=em&amp;sektion=4">em(4)</a>.           <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/em.4">em(4)</a>.
     <li>Support for Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2200, 2230 and 105/135 has been added to      <li>Support for Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2200, 2230 and 105/135 has been added to
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=iwn&amp;sektion=4">iwn(4)</a>.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwn.4">iwn(4)</a>.
     <li>Support for Areca ARC-1880, ARC-1882, ARC-1883, ARC-1223, ARC-1214, ARC-1264, and ARC-1284 has been added to      <li>Support for Areca ARC-1880, ARC-1882, ARC-1883, ARC-1223, ARC-1214, ARC-1264, and ARC-1284 has been added to
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=arc&amp;sektion=4">arc(4)</a>.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/arc.4">arc(4)</a>.
     <li>Support for Elantech v2 touchpads in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pms&amp;sektion=4">pms(4)</a> has been fixed.      <li>Support for Elantech v2 touchpads in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pms.4">pms(4)</a> has been fixed.
     <li>Support for 802.11a (5Ghz) has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=wpi&amp;sektion=4">wpi(4)</a>.      <li>Support for 802.11a (5Ghz) has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/wpi.4">wpi(4)</a>.
     <li>Workarounds for firmware stability issues have been added to      <li>Workarounds for firmware stability issues have been added to
     <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=wpi&amp;sektion=4">wpi(4)</a>,      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/wpi.4">wpi(4)</a>,
     <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=iwi&amp;sektion=4">iwi(4)</a>, and      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwi.4">iwi(4)</a>, and
     <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=iwn&amp;sektion=4">iwn(4)</a>.      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwn.4">iwn(4)</a>.
     <li>Support for RT3572 chips has been added to the      <li>Support for RT3572 chips has been added to the
     <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ral&amp;sektion=4">ral(4)</a> driver.      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ral.4">ral(4)</a> driver.
     <li>Support for RTL8106E chips has been added to the      <li>Support for RTL8106E chips has been added to the
     <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=re&amp;sektion=4">re(4)</a> driver.      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/re.4">re(4)</a> driver.
     <li>Support for RTS5229 card readers has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=rtsx&amp;sektion=4">rtsx(4)</a>.      <li>Support for RTS5229 card readers has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rtsx.4">rtsx(4)</a>.
     <li>Support for Microsoft XBox 360 controllers has been added to the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=uhid&amp;sektion=4">uhid(4)</a> driver.      <li>Support for Microsoft XBox 360 controllers has been added to the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uhid.4">uhid(4)</a> driver.
     <li>Support for CoreChip RD9700 USB Ethernet devices has been added to the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=udav&amp;sektion=4">udav(4)</a> driver.      <li>Support for CoreChip RD9700 USB Ethernet devices has been added to the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/udav.4">udav(4)</a> driver.
     <li>Further reliability improvements regarding suspend/resume and hibernation.      <li>Further reliability improvements regarding suspend/resume and hibernation.
     <li>Enabled IPv6 transmit TCP/UDP checksum offload in      <li>Enabled IPv6 transmit TCP/UDP checksum offload in
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=jme&amp;sektion=4">jme(4)</a>.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/jme.4">jme(4)</a>.
     </ul>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
   
 <li>Generic network stack improvements:  <li>Generic network stack improvements:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=vxlan&sektion=4">vxlan(4)</a>,      <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vxlan.4">vxlan(4)</a>,
         a virtual extensible local area network tunnel interface.          a virtual extensible local area network tunnel interface.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pflow&sektion=4">pflow(4)</a>      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pflow.4">pflow(4)</a>
         now sends 64 bit time values for pflowproto 10. The changed templates /          now sends 64 bit time values for pflowproto 10. The changed templates /
         flows for pflowproto 10 are now parsable by existing receivers.          flows for pflowproto 10 are now parsable by existing receivers.
     <li>Continued improvement of the checksum offload framework to streamline      <li>Continued improvement of the checksum offload framework to streamline
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 <li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:  <li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>The popa3d POP3 server has been removed.      <li>The popa3d POP3 server has been removed.
     <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ntpctl&sektion=8">ntpctl(8)</a>,      <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpctl.8">ntpctl(8)</a>,
         a program to control the Network Time Protocol daemon.          a program to control the Network Time Protocol daemon.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=slowcgi&sektion=8">slowcgi(8)</a>      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slowcgi.8">slowcgi(8)</a>
         now works with a high number of concurrent connections.          now works with a high number of concurrent connections.
     <li>The inetd-based identd has been replaced by a new libevent-based      <li>The inetd-based identd has been replaced by a new libevent-based
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=identd&sektion=8">identd(8)</a>.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/identd.8">identd(8)</a>.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=tcpdump&sektion=8">tcpdump(8)</a>      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpdump.8">tcpdump(8)</a>
         can now detect bad ICMP and ICMPv6 checksums when used with the -v flag.          can now detect bad ICMP and ICMPv6 checksums when used with the -v flag.
     <li>Added rdomain support to IPv6 configuration tools      <li>Added rdomain support to IPv6 configuration tools
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ndp&sektion=8">ndp(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ndp.8">ndp(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=rtsold&sektion=8">rtsold(8)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rtsold.8">rtsold(8)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ping6&sektion=8">ping6(8)</a>, and          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping6.8">ping6(8)</a>, and
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=traceroute6&sektion=8">traceroute6(8)</a>.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/traceroute6.8">traceroute6(8)</a>.
     <li>Added SNMPv2 client support to      <li>Added SNMPv2 client support to
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=snmpctl&sektion=8">snmpctl(8)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmpctl.8">snmpctl(8)</a>
         (&quot;get&quot;, &quot;walk&quot;, and &quot;bulkwalk&quot;).          (&quot;get&quot;, &quot;walk&quot;, and &quot;bulkwalk&quot;).
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=relayd&sektion=8">relayd(8)</a>      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>
         now supports TLS Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) with ECDHE (Elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman) that is enabled by default.          now supports TLS Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) with ECDHE (Elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman) that is enabled by default.
     </ul>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
   
 <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pf&sektion=4">pf(4)</a> improvements:  <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> improvements:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>New queueing system with new syntax.      <li>New queueing system with new syntax.
     <li>The "received-on" parameter can now be used with the "any" keyword to      <li>The "received-on" parameter can now be used with the "any" keyword to
         match any existing interface except loopback ones.          match any existing interface except loopback ones.
     <li>The block policy in the default <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pf.conf&amp;sektion=5">pf.conf(5)</a> is now "block return".      <li>The block policy in the default <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.conf.5">pf.conf(5)</a> is now "block return".
     </ul>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
   
 <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=dhcpd&amp;sektion=8">dhcpd(8)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=dhclient&amp;sektion=8">dhclient(8)</a> improvements:  <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a> improvements:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>No longer create a route to the bound address via 127.0.0.1.      <li>No longer create a route to the bound address via 127.0.0.1.
     <li>The options 'dhcp-lease-time', 'dhcp-rebinding-time', and 'dhcp-renewal-time' can now be configured in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=dhclient.conf&amp;sektion=5">dhclient.conf(5)</a>.      <li>The options 'dhcp-lease-time', 'dhcp-rebinding-time', and 'dhcp-renewal-time' can now be configured in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.conf.5">dhclient.conf(5)</a>.
     <li>'next-server' (a.k.a. siaddr) info now saved in lease files.      <li>'next-server' (a.k.a. siaddr) info now saved in lease files.
     <li>Fall back to broadcasting when unicast renewal fails, as specified in      <li>Fall back to broadcasting when unicast renewal fails, as specified in
 RFC 2131 and friends.  RFC 2131 and friends.
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     <li>Fix 'effective' lease created by '-L' to have correct address, 'next_server', 'timestamp', and 'resolv_conf' fields.      <li>Fix 'effective' lease created by '-L' to have correct address, 'next_server', 'timestamp', and 'resolv_conf' fields.
     <li>Fix handling of non-printable characters in lease file strings.      <li>Fix handling of non-printable characters in lease file strings.
     <li>Fix many edge cases in config file and lease parsing and ensure that error messages refer to the correct position in erroneous line.      <li>Fix many edge cases in config file and lease parsing and ensure that error messages refer to the correct position in erroneous line.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=dhclient.conf&amp;sektion=5">dhclient.conf(5)</a> can now override anything in an offer or saved lease when creating the effective lease. In particular, 'fixed-address', 'next-server', 'filename' and 'server-name'.      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.conf.5">dhclient.conf(5)</a> can now override anything in an offer or saved lease when creating the effective lease. In particular, 'fixed-address', 'next-server', 'filename' and 'server-name'.
     <li>Fix parsing of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=dhclient.conf&amp;sektion=5">dhclient.conf(5)</a> statements 'fixed-address' and      <li>Fix parsing of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.conf.5">dhclient.conf(5)</a> statements 'fixed-address' and
 'next-server'.  'next-server'.
     <li>Log failures to fchmod() or fchown() files being written.      <li>Log failures to fchmod() or fchown() files being written.
     <li>Create lease files with permissions 0640.      <li>Create lease files with permissions 0640.
     <li>Fix possible failure to write <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=resolv.conf&amp;sektion=5">resolv.conf(5)</a> when -L is used.      <li>Fix possible failure to write <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolv.conf.5">resolv.conf(5)</a> when -L is used.
     <li>'send dhcp-client-identifier "";' in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=dhclient.conf&amp;sektion=5">dhclient.conf(5)</a> will result in no 'dhcp-client-identifier' (option 61) being sent.      <li>'send dhcp-client-identifier "";' in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.conf.5">dhclient.conf(5)</a> will result in no 'dhcp-client-identifier' (option 61) being sent.
     </ul>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
   
 <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=iked&sektion=8">iked(8)</a> improvements:  <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> improvements:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>Support for OCSP (&quot;Online Certificate Status Protocol&quot;); enable with &quot;set ocsp <em>URL</em>&quot;.      <li>Support for OCSP (&quot;Online Certificate Status Protocol&quot;); enable with &quot;set ocsp <em>URL</em>&quot;.
     <li>Support for RSA public key authentication as an alternative to X.509 certificates or pre-shared keys.      <li>Support for RSA public key authentication as an alternative to X.509 certificates or pre-shared keys.
     <li>Support for DPD (&quot;Dead Peer Detection&quot;) similar to the implementation in      <li>Support for DPD (&quot;Dead Peer Detection&quot;) similar to the implementation in
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=isakmpd&sektion=8">isakmpd(8)</a>.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/isakmpd.8">isakmpd(8)</a>.
     <li>Support for dynamic IP address assignment from a pool in configuration mode; enabled with &quot;config address <em>net/pool-prefix</em>&quot;.      <li>Support for dynamic IP address assignment from a pool in configuration mode; enabled with &quot;config address <em>net/pool-prefix</em>&quot;.
     <li>Initial support for IPComp.      <li>Initial support for IPComp.
     <li>Various improvements and a thorough audit of the network input path.      <li>Various improvements and a thorough audit of the network input path.
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       <li>other processes now have an API to return more precise codes ...        <li>other processes now have an API to return more precise codes ...
       <li>... which will be improved further with each version.        <li>... which will be improved further with each version.
       </ul>        </ul>
     <li>Improved <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=smtpctl&sektion=8">smtpctl(8)</a>:      <li>Improved <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpctl.8">smtpctl(8)</a>:
       <ul>        <ul>
       <li>sendmail mode now supports DSN parameters        <li>sendmail mode now supports DSN parameters
       <li>Can now pause/resume a source address -&gt; destination domain route.        <li>Can now pause/resume a source address -&gt; destination domain route.
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       </ul>        </ul>
     <li>Documentation:      <li>Documentation:
       <ul>        <ul>
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=table&sektion=5">table(5)</a> describes format for static, file and db backends.        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/table.5">table(5)</a> describes format for static, file and db backends.
       <li>sendmail(8) describes our "sendmail" interface.        <li>sendmail(8) describes our "sendmail" interface.
       </ul>        </ul>
     <li>Reduced memory usage in both general and stressed cases.      <li>Reduced memory usage in both general and stressed cases.
     <li>OpenSMTPD now automagically upgrades queue if the format changes!      <li>OpenSMTPD now automagically upgrades queue if the format changes!
     <li>Support Qmail-like "sticky home".      <li>Support Qmail-like "sticky home".
     <li>Support for authenticating users from a credentials table.      <li>Support for authenticating users from a credentials table.
     <li>Introduce <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=passwd&sektion=5">passwd(5)</a> table backend for user and credentials lookup.      <li>Introduce <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/passwd.5">passwd(5)</a> table backend for user and credentials lookup.
     <li>Expansion variables in ~/.forward now support modifiers.      <li>Expansion variables in ~/.forward now support modifiers.
     <li>Much more efficient scheduler!      <li>Much more efficient scheduler!
     <li>Many documentation fixes and improvements.      <li>Many documentation fixes and improvements.
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 <li>Security improvements:  <li>Security improvements:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>Position-independent executables (PIE) are now used by default on i386.      <li>Position-independent executables (PIE) are now used by default on i386.
     <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=arc4random&sektion=3">arc4random(3)</a>      <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/arc4random.3">arc4random(3)</a>
         functions now use the ChaCha20 cipher.          functions now use the ChaCha20 cipher.
     <li>The kernel random number system is initially seeded by the bootloader,      <li>The kernel random number system is initially seeded by the bootloader,
         providing better random very early.          providing better random very early.
     <li>Kernel stack protector is also seeded via the same mechanism, providing      <li>Kernel stack protector is also seeded via the same mechanism, providing
         protection earlier.          protection earlier.
     <li>-Wbounded is now enabled in GCC by default.      <li>-Wbounded is now enabled in GCC by default.
     <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=explicit_bzero&amp;sektion=3">explicit_bzero(3)</a>.      <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/explicit_bzero.3">explicit_bzero(3)</a>.
     </ul>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
   
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 <li>Threading improvements:  <li>Threading improvements:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>Interprocess semaphores via <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sem_open&amp;sektion=3">sem_open(3)</a>.      <li>Interprocess semaphores via <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sem_open.3">sem_open(3)</a>.
     <li>Running threaded processes under a debugger no longer causes panics.      <li>Running threaded processes under a debugger no longer causes panics.
     <li>SIGPROF and SIGVTALRM are now reliably delivered to the thread that was running when they were triggered.      <li>SIGPROF and SIGVTALRM are now reliably delivered to the thread that was running when they were triggered.
     <li>Thread stacks now have a random bias.      <li>Thread stacks now have a random bias.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=fork&amp;sektion=2">fork(2)</a> no longer changes the pthread_t of the forking thread in the child.      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fork.2">fork(2)</a> no longer changes the pthread_t of the forking thread in the child.
     <li>Signaling races eliminated from <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pthread_kill&amp;sektion=3">pthread_kill(3)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pthread_cancel&amp;sektion=3">pthread_cancel(3)</a>.      <li>Signaling races eliminated from <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pthread_kill.3">pthread_kill(3)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pthread_cancel.3">pthread_cancel(3)</a>.
     </ul>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
   
 <li>Assorted improvements:  <li>Assorted improvements:
     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>New in-memory file system, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=mount_tmpfs&sektion=8">tmpfs</a>.      <li>New in-memory file system, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mount_tmpfs.8">tmpfs</a>.
     <li>Many <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=fuse&sektion=4">fuse(4)</a> improvements and stability fixes.      <li>Many <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fuse.4">fuse(4)</a> improvements and stability fixes.
     <li>Added POSIX-required <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=nl&amp;sektion=1">nl(1)</a> utility.      <li>Added POSIX-required <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/nl.1">nl(1)</a> utility.
     <li>OpenBSD/vax has switched to GCC 3.      <li>OpenBSD/vax has switched to GCC 3.
     <li>Replaced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=getdirentries&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=OpenBSD+5.4">getdirentries(2)</a> with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=getdents&amp;sektion=2">getdents(2)</a>, vastly improving the performance and memory usage of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=telldir&amp;sektion=3">telldir(3)</a>.      <li>Replaced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD+5.4/getdirentries.2">getdirentries(2)</a> with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getdents.2">getdents(2)</a>, vastly improving the performance and memory usage of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/telldir.3">telldir(3)</a>.
     <li>amd64 and i386 now use the MWAIT instruction for their idle loop where available to reduce latency.      <li>amd64 and i386 now use the MWAIT instruction for their idle loop where available to reduce latency.
     <li>Added support for CLOCK_UPTIME.      <li>Added support for CLOCK_UPTIME.
     <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=tcgetsid&amp;sektion=3">tcgetsid(3)</a>.      <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcgetsid.3">tcgetsid(3)</a>.
     <li>clock_t is now a 64 bit type, so it no longer wraps around in only 248 days.      <li>clock_t is now a 64 bit type, so it no longer wraps around in only 248 days.
     <li>ino_t is now a 64 bit type, mostly to support large NFS filesystems.      <li>ino_t is now a 64 bit type, mostly to support large NFS filesystems.
     <li>Corrected handling of UTIME_OMIT.      <li>Corrected handling of UTIME_OMIT.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pax&amp;sektion=1">pax(1)</a> now sets the mode and timestamps correctly on symlinks, and makes hardlinks to symlinks when requested.      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pax.1">pax(1)</a> now sets the mode and timestamps correctly on symlinks, and makes hardlinks to symlinks when requested.
     <li>Corrected handling of shared library destructors when libc is statically linked.      <li>Corrected handling of shared library destructors when libc is statically linked.
     <li>Corrected various disk drivers to handle non-512-byte sectors and disk sizes greater than 32-bits.      <li>Corrected various disk drivers to handle non-512-byte sectors and disk sizes greater than 32-bits.
     <li>Corrected <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=growfs&amp;sektion=8">growfs(8)</a> to handle non-512-byte sectors and disk sizes greater than 32-bits.      <li>Corrected <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/growfs.8">growfs(8)</a> to handle non-512-byte sectors and disk sizes greater than 32-bits.
     <li>All CIRCLEQ uses replaced with TAILQ.      <li>All CIRCLEQ uses replaced with TAILQ.
     <li>Preserve and honour changes to the OpenBSD bounds in a disklabel.      <li>Preserve and honour changes to the OpenBSD bounds in a disklabel.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=fdisk&amp;sektion=8">fdisk(8)</a> now always writes a good signature when the MBR is written to disk.      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> now always writes a good signature when the MBR is written to disk.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=disklabel&amp;sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a> now writes the disklabel to the correct location on non-512-byte sector devices.      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel(8)</a> now writes the disklabel to the correct location on non-512-byte sector devices.
     <li>Fix <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=athn&amp;sektion=4">athn(4)</a> tick calculations to eliminate excessive timeouts.      <li>Fix <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a> tick calculations to eliminate excessive timeouts.
     <li>Allow <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=disklabel&amp;sektion=8">disklabel(8)</a> to set any partition, including 'C', to type UNUSED.      <li>Allow <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel(8)</a> to set any partition, including 'C', to type UNUSED.
     <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sha512&amp;sektion=1">sha512(1)</a> tool to calculate and verify the SHA-512 checksums of files.      <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sha512.1">sha512(1)</a> tool to calculate and verify the SHA-512 checksums of files.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sha256&amp;sektion=1">sha256(1)</a> and related tools      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sha256.1">sha256(1)</a> and related tools
        (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=cksum&amp;sektion=1">cksum(1)</a>,         (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cksum.1">cksum(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=md5&amp;sektion=1">md5(1)</a>,          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/md5.1">md5(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sha1&amp;sektion=1">sha1(1)</a>, and          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sha1.1">sha1(1)</a>, and
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sha512&amp;sektion=1">sha512(1)</a>)          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sha512.1">sha512(1)</a>)
        now support a new -h flag to place the checksum into a specified hash file instead of stdout.         now support a new -h flag to place the checksum into a specified hash file instead of stdout.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sha256&amp;sektion=1">sha256(1)</a> and related tools now support a new -C flag that allows the verification of selected files in a checklist.      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sha256.1">sha256(1)</a> and related tools now support a new -C flag that allows the verification of selected files in a checklist.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sha256&amp;sektion=1">sha256(1)</a> and related tools will now print MISSING if they encounter non-existent files in a checklist.      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sha256.1">sha256(1)</a> and related tools will now print MISSING if they encounter non-existent files in a checklist.
     <li>i386 and amd64 platforms can now boot from keydisk-based <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=softraid&amp;sektion=4">softraid(4)</a> crypto volumes.      <li>i386 and amd64 platforms can now boot from keydisk-based <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> crypto volumes.
     <li>Allow <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=softraid&amp;sektion=4">softraid(4)</a> to work with partitions larger than 2TB.      <li>Allow <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> to work with partitions larger than 2TB.
     <li>Removed experimental RAID 4 support from <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=softraid&amp;sektion=4">softraid(4)</a>.      <li>Removed experimental RAID 4 support from <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a>.
     <li>Added experimental support for rebuilding RAID 5 <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=softraid&amp;sektion=4">softraid(4)</a> volumes. Lots of testing is still required and there is missing functionality, such as the ability to resume a partially completed rebuild. <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=bioctl&amp;sektion=8">bioctl(8)</a> refuses to create RAID 5 volumes unless recompiled with -DRAID5.      <li>Added experimental support for rebuilding RAID 5 <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> volumes. Lots of testing is still required and there is missing functionality, such as the ability to resume a partially completed rebuild. <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bioctl.8">bioctl(8)</a> refuses to create RAID 5 volumes unless recompiled with -DRAID5.
     <li>The uhts(4) driver has been merged into      <li>The uhts(4) driver has been merged into
     <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ums&amp;sektion=4">ums(4)</a>.      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ums.4">ums(4)</a>.
     <li>Many new checks were added to portcheck(1) <!-- no href to man.cgi due to the fact it doesn't show stuff under /usr/ports/infrastructure/man --> utility; now it catches almost every popular mistake that observed in ports in last years.      <li>Many new checks were added to portcheck(1) <!-- no href to man.cgi due to the fact it doesn't show stuff under /usr/ports/infrastructure/man --> utility; now it catches almost every popular mistake that observed in ports in last years.
     </ul>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
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     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>Security:      <li>Security:
       <ul>        <ul>
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         when using environment passing with a          when using environment passing with a
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd_config&amp;sektion=5">sshd_config(5)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5">sshd_config(5)</a>
         <tt>AcceptEnv</tt> pattern with a wildcard. OpenSSH prior to 6.6 could          <code>AcceptEnv</code> pattern with a wildcard. OpenSSH prior to 6.6 could
         be tricked into accepting any enviornment variable that contains the          be tricked into accepting any enviornment variable that contains the
         characters before the wildcard character.          characters before the wildcard character.
       </ul>        </ul>
     <li>New/changed features:      <li>New/changed features:
       <ul>        <ul>
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         Add support for key exchange using <i>elliptic-curve Diffie Hellman</i>          Add support for key exchange using <i>elliptic-curve Diffie Hellman</i>
         in Daniel Bernstein's <i>Curve25519</i>.  This key exchange method is          in Daniel Bernstein's <i>Curve25519</i>.  This key exchange method is
         the default when both the client and server support it.          the default when both the client and server support it.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         Add support for <i>ED25519</i> as a public key type.  ED25519 is          Add support for <i>ED25519</i> as a public key type.  ED25519 is
         a elliptic curve signature scheme that offers better security than          a elliptic curve signature scheme that offers better security than
         <i>ECDSA</i> and <i>DSA</i> and good performance.  It may be used for          <i>ECDSA</i> and <i>DSA</i> and good performance.  It may be used for
Line 467 
Line 479 
       <li>Add a new private key format that uses a <i>bcrypt KDF</i> to better        <li>Add a new private key format that uses a <i>bcrypt KDF</i> to better
         protect keys at rest.  This format is used unconditionally for          protect keys at rest.  This format is used unconditionally for
         ED25519 keys, but may be requested when generating or saving          ED25519 keys, but may be requested when generating or saving
         existing keys of other types via the <tt>-o</tt>          existing keys of other types via the <code>-o</code>
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh-keygen&amp;sektion=1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>
         option.  We intend to make the new format the default in the near          option.  We intend to make the new format the default in the near
         future.  Details of the new format are in the <tt>PROTOCOL.key</tt>          future.  Details of the new format are in the <code>PROTOCOL.key</code>
         file.          file.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         Add a new transport cipher "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com" that          Add a new transport cipher "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com" that
         combines Daniel Bernstein's <i>ChaCha20</i> stream cipher and          combines Daniel Bernstein's <i>ChaCha20</i> stream cipher and
         <i>Poly1305 MAC</i> to build an authenticated encryption mode.  Details          <i>Poly1305 MAC</i> to build an authenticated encryption mode.  Details
         are in the <tt>PROTOCOL.chacha20poly1305</tt> file.          are in the <code>PROTOCOL.chacha20poly1305</code> file.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         Refuse <i>RSA</i> keys from old proprietary clients and servers that          Refuse <i>RSA</i> keys from old proprietary clients and servers that
         use the obsolete <i>RSA+MD5</i> signature scheme.  It will still be          use the obsolete <i>RSA+MD5</i> signature scheme.  It will still be
         possible to connect with these clients/servers but <b>only DSA keys          possible to connect with these clients/servers but <b>only DSA keys
         will be accepted, and OpenSSH will refuse connection entirely in a          will be accepted, and OpenSSH will refuse connection entirely in a
         future release</b>.          future release</b>.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         Refuse old proprietary clients and servers that use a weaker key          Refuse old proprietary clients and servers that use a weaker key
         exchange hash calculation.          exchange hash calculation.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         Increase the size of the <i>Diffie-Hellman groups</i> requested for          Increase the size of the <i>Diffie-Hellman groups</i> requested for
         each symmetric key size.  New values from <i>NIST Special Publication          each symmetric key size.  New values from <i>NIST Special Publication
         800-57</i> with the upper limit specified by <i>RFC 4419</i>.          800-57</i> with the upper limit specified by <i>RFC 4419</i>.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh-agent&amp;sektion=1">ssh-agent(1)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1">ssh-agent(1)</a>:
         Support <i>PKCS#11</i> tokens that only provide <i>X.509</i> certs          Support <i>PKCS#11</i> tokens that only provide <i>X.509</i> certs
         instead of raw public keys.  (requested as bz#1908)          instead of raw public keys.  (requested as bz#1908)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         Add a          Add a
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh_config&amp;sektion=5">ssh_config(5)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>
         <tt>Match</tt> keyword that allows conditional configuration to be          <code>Match</code> keyword that allows conditional configuration to be
         applied by matching on <i>hostname</i>, <i>user</i> and <i>result of          applied by matching on <i>hostname</i>, <i>user</i> and <i>result of
         arbitrary commands</i>.          arbitrary commands</i>.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         Add support for <i>client-side hostname canonicalisation</i> using a          Add support for <i>client-side hostname canonicalisation</i> using a
         set of <i>DNS suffixes</i> and rules in          set of <i>DNS suffixes</i> and rules in
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh_config&amp;sektion=5">ssh_config(5)</a>.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>.
         This allows unqualified names to be canonicalised to fully-qualified          This allows unqualified names to be canonicalised to fully-qualified
         domain names to eliminate ambiguity when looking up keys in          domain names to eliminate ambiguity when looking up keys in
         <tt>known_hosts</tt> or checking host certificate names.          <code>known_hosts</code> or checking host certificate names.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sftp-server&amp;sektion=8">sftp-server(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
         Add the ability to whitelist and/or blacklist sftp protocol requests by          Add the ability to whitelist and/or blacklist sftp protocol requests by
         name.          name.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sftp-server&amp;sektion=8">sftp-server(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
         Add a sftp "fsync@openssh.com" to support calling          Add a sftp "fsync@openssh.com" to support calling
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=fsync&amp;sektion=2">fsync(2)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fsync.2">fsync(2)</a>
         on an open file handle.          on an open file handle.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         Add a          Add a
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh_config&amp;sektion=5">ssh_config(5)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>
         <tt>PermitTTY</tt> to disallow <i>TTY</i> allocation, mirroring the          <code>PermitTTY</code> to disallow <i>TTY</i> allocation, mirroring the
         longstanding <tt>no-pty</tt> <tt>authorized_keys</tt> option.          longstanding <code>no-pty</code> <code>authorized_keys</code> option.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         Add a          Add a
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh_config&amp;sektion=5">ssh_config(5)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>
         <tt>ProxyUseFDPass</tt> option that supports the use of          <code>ProxyUseFDPass</code> option that supports the use of
         <tt>ProxyCommands</tt> that establish a connection and then pass a          <code>ProxyCommands</code> that establish a connection and then pass a
         connected file descriptor back to          connected file descriptor back to
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>.
         This allows the <tt>ProxyCommand</tt> to exit rather than staying          This allows the <code>ProxyCommand</code> to exit rather than staying
         around to transfer data.          around to transfer data.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         this release removes the <i>J-PAKE</i> authentication code.  This code          this release removes the <i>J-PAKE</i> authentication code.  This code
         was experimental, never enabled and had been unmaintained for some          was experimental, never enabled and had been unmaintained for some
         time.          time.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         when processing <tt>Match</tt> blocks, skip '<tt>exec</tt>' clauses          when processing <code>Match</code> blocks, skip '<code>exec</code>' clauses
         other clauses predicates failed to match.          other clauses predicates failed to match.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         if hostname canonicalisation is enabled and results in the destination          if hostname canonicalisation is enabled and results in the destination
         hostname being changed, then re-parse          hostname being changed, then re-parse
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh_config&amp;sektion=5">ssh_config(5)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>
         files using the new destination hostname. This gives '<tt>Host</tt>'          files using the new destination hostname. This gives '<code>Host</code>'
         and '<tt>Match</tt>' directives that use the expanded hostname a chance          and '<code>Match</code>' directives that use the expanded hostname a chance
         to be applied.          to be applied.
       </ul>        </ul>
     <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:      <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
       <ul>        <ul>
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         Fix potential stack exhaustion caused by nested certificates.          Fix potential stack exhaustion caused by nested certificates.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         make <tt>BindAddress</tt> work with <tt>UsePrivilegedPort</tt>.          make <code>BindAddress</code> work with <code>UsePrivilegedPort</code>.
         (bz#1211)          (bz#1211)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sftp&amp;sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>:
         fix the progress meter for resumed transfer.  (bz#2137)          fix the progress meter for resumed transfer.  (bz#2137)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh-add&amp;sektion=1">ssh-add(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1">ssh-add(1)</a>:
         do not request smartcard PIN when removing keys from          do not request smartcard PIN when removing keys from
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh-agent&amp;sektion=1">ssh-agent(1)</a>.          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1">ssh-agent(1)</a>.
         (bz#2187)          (bz#2187)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         fix re-exec fallback when original          fix re-exec fallback when original
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
         binary cannot be executed.  (bz#2139)          binary cannot be executed.  (bz#2139)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh-keygen&amp;sektion=1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
         Make relative-specified certificate expiry times relative to current          Make relative-specified certificate expiry times relative to current
         time and not the validity start time.          time and not the validity start time.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         fix <tt>AuthorizedKeysCommand</tt> inside a <tt>Match</tt> block.          fix <code>AuthorizedKeysCommand</code> inside a <code>Match</code> block.
         (bz#2161)          (bz#2161)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sftp&amp;sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>:
         symlinking a file would incorrectly canonicalise the target path.          symlinking a file would incorrectly canonicalise the target path.
         (bz#2129)          (bz#2129)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh-agent&amp;sektion=1">ssh-agent(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1">ssh-agent(1)</a>:
         fix a use-after-free in the PKCS#11 agent helper executable.          fix a use-after-free in the PKCS#11 agent helper executable.
         (bz#2175)          (bz#2175)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         Improve logging of sessions to include the <i>user name</i>, <i>remote          Improve logging of sessions to include the <i>user name</i>, <i>remote
         host</i> and <i>port</i>, the <i>session type</i> (shell, command,          host</i> and <i>port</i>, the <i>session type</i> (shell, command,
         etc.) and <i>allocated TTY</i> (if any).          etc.) and <i>allocated TTY</i> (if any).
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         tell the client (via a debug message) when their preferred listen          tell the client (via a debug message) when their preferred listen
         address has been overridden by the server's <tt>GatewayPorts</tt>          address has been overridden by the server's <code>GatewayPorts</code>
         setting.  (bz#1297)          setting.  (bz#1297)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         include report port in bad protocol banner message.  (bz#2162)          include report port in bad protocol banner message.  (bz#2162)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sftp&amp;sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>:
         fix memory leak in error path in <i>do_readdir()</i>.  (bz#2163)          fix memory leak in error path in <i>do_readdir()</i>.  (bz#2163)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sftp&amp;sektion=1">sftp(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>:
         don't leak file descriptor on error.  (bz#2171)          don't leak file descriptor on error.  (bz#2171)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         include the <i>local address</i> and <i>port</i> in          include the <i>local address</i> and <i>port</i> in
         "<tt>Connection from ...</tt>" message.          "<code>Connection from ...</code>" message.
         (only shown at <i>loglevel&gt;=verbose</i>)          (only shown at <i>loglevel&gt;=verbose</i>)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         avoid spurious "<tt>getsockname failed: Bad file descriptor</tt>" in          avoid spurious "<code>getsockname failed: Bad file descriptor</code>" in
         <tt>ssh -W</tt>.  (bz#2200, debian#738692)          <code>ssh -W</code>.  (bz#2200, debian#738692)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         allow the          allow the
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=shutdown&amp;sektion=2">shutdown(2)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/shutdown.2">shutdown(2)</a>
         syscall in seccomp-bpf and systrace sandbox modes, as it is reachable          syscall in seccomp-bpf and systrace sandbox modes, as it is reachable
         if the connection is terminated during the pre-auth phase.          if the connection is terminated during the pre-auth phase.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         fix unsigned overflow that in <i>SSH protocol 1 bignum parsing</i>.          fix unsigned overflow that in <i>SSH protocol 1 bignum parsing</i>.
         Minimum key length checks render this bug unexploitable to compromise          Minimum key length checks render this bug unexploitable to compromise
         SSH 1 sessions.          SSH 1 sessions.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd_config&amp;sektion=5">sshd_config(5)</a>        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5">sshd_config(5)</a>
         clarify behaviour of a keyword that appears in multiple matching          clarify behaviour of a keyword that appears in multiple matching
         <tt>Match</tt> blocks.  (bz#2184)          <code>Match</code> blocks.  (bz#2184)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         avoid unnecessary hostname lookups when canonicalisation is disabled.          avoid unnecessary hostname lookups when canonicalisation is disabled.
         (bz#2205)          (bz#2205)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         avoid sandbox violation crashes in GSSAPI code by caching the supported          avoid sandbox violation crashes in GSSAPI code by caching the supported
         list of GSSAPI mechanism OIDs before entering the sandbox.  (bz#2107)          list of GSSAPI mechanism OIDs before entering the sandbox.  (bz#2107)
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         fix possible crashes in SOCKS4 parsing caused by assumption that the          fix possible crashes in SOCKS4 parsing caused by assumption that the
         SOCKS username is nul-terminated.          SOCKS username is nul-terminated.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         fix regression for <tt>UsePrivilegedPort=yes</tt> when          fix regression for <code>UsePrivilegedPort=yes</code> when
         <tt>BindAddress</tt> is not specified.          <code>BindAddress</code> is not specified.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>,        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=sshd&amp;sektion=8">sshd(8)</a>:          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
         fix memory leak in ECDSA signature verification.          fix memory leak in ECDSA signature verification.
       <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1">ssh(1)</a>:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
         fix matching of '<tt>Host</tt>' directives in          fix matching of '<code>Host</code>' directives in
         <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=ssh_config&amp;sektion=5">ssh_config(5)</a>          <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>
         files to be case-insensitive again.  (regression in 6.5)          files to be case-insensitive again.  (regression in 6.5)
       </ul>        </ul>
     </ul>      </ul>
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     <ul>      <ul>
     <li>Over 8,700 ports.      <li>Over 8,700 ports.
     <li>Major overhaul of the package tools, resulting in much better memory usage.      <li>Major overhaul of the package tools, resulting in much better memory usage.
     <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1">pkg_add(1)</a> now only trusts signed packages by default.      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a> now only trusts signed packages by default.
     <li>The build process now allows some limited capability for building      <li>The build process now allows some limited capability for building
         conflicting packages, yielding KDE&nbsp;4 packages as a result, along          conflicting packages, yielding KDE&nbsp;4 packages as a result, along
         with KDE&nbsp;3 ones.          with KDE&nbsp;3 ones.
     </ul>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
 <li>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:  <li>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
     <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="95%">      <ul style="column-count: 4">
     <tr>  
     <td valign="top" width="25%">  
     <ul>  
       <li>i386:       8468        <li>i386:       8468
       <li>sparc64:    7969        <li>sparc64:    7969
       <li>alpha:      6199        <li>alpha:      6199
       <li>m68k:       3270        <li>m68k:       3270
     </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>  
       <li>sh:          345        <li>sh:          345
       <li>amd64:      8534        <li>amd64:      8534
       <li>powerpc:    8057        <li>powerpc:    8057
       <li>m88k:       1258        <li>m88k:       1258
     </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>  
       <li>sparc:      4681        <li>sparc:      4681
       <li>arm:        6181        <li>arm:        6181
       <li>hppa:       6549        <li>hppa:       6549
     </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>  
       <li>vax:        1007        <li>vax:        1007
       <li>mips64:     4726        <li>mips64:     4726
       <li>mips64el:   6730        <li>mips64el:   6730
   </ul></td></tr></table>      </ul>
 <p>  <p>
   
 <li>Some highlights:  <li>Some highlights:
Line 715 
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     <li>Less 444 (+ patches)      <li>Less 444 (+ patches)
     <li>Awk Aug 10, 2011 version      <li>Awk Aug 10, 2011 version
     </ul>      </ul>
   
 </ul>  </ul>
   </section>
   
 <a name="install"></a>  
 <hr>  <hr>
   
   <section id=install>
   <h3>How to install</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to install</font></h3>  
 <p>  
 Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of  Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
 paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate  paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
 form of install.  The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style  form of install.  The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style
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Line 799 
 </ul>  </ul>
 <hr>  <hr>
   
   <section id=quickinstall>
   
 <p>  <p>
 Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the  Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
 use of the "disklabel -E" command.  If you are at all confused when  use of the "disklabel -E" command.  If you are at all confused when
 installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!  installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!
 <p>  
   
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/i386:</font></h3>  <h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>
 <ul>  
   <p>
 Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386  Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
 release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need  release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
 to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write  to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
Line 826 
Line 835 
 To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the &quot;rawrite&quot; utility located  To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the &quot;rawrite&quot; utility located
 at <i>CD1:5.5/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,  at <i>CD1:5.5/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
 use the  use the
 <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=dd&amp;sektion=1">dd(1)</a>  <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)</a>
 utility. The following is an example usage of  utility. The following is an example usage of
 <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=dd&amp;sektion=1">dd(1)</a>,  <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)</a>,
 where the device could be &quot;floppy&quot;, &quot;rfd0c&quot;, or  where the device could be &quot;floppy&quot;, &quot;rfd0c&quot;, or
 &quot;rfd0a&quot;.  &quot;rfd0a&quot;.
   
 <ul><pre>  <blockquote><pre>
 # <strong>dd if=&lt;file&gt; of=/dev/&lt;device&gt; bs=32k</strong>  # <strong>dd if=&lt;file&gt; of=/dev/&lt;device&gt; bs=32k</strong>
 </pre></ul>  </pre></blockquote>
   
 <p>  <p>
 Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or  Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
 your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot  your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
 floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to  floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
 <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>.  <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/amd64:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 The 5.5 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.  The 5.5 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
 Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust  Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
 your BIOS options first.  your BIOS options first.
Line 865 
Line 873 
 <p>  <p>
 If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to  If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
 read INSTALL.amd64.  read INSTALL.amd64.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/macppc:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 Burn the image from the FTP site to a CDROM, and power on your machine  Burn the image from the FTP site to a CDROM, and power on your machine
 while holding down the <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and  while holding down the <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and
 shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.  shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
Line 877 
Line 884 
 <p>  <p>
 Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot  Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
 /5.5/macppc/bsd.rd</i>  /5.5/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc64:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.  Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.
   
 <p>  <p>
Line 900 
Line 906 
   
 <p>  <p>
 If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.  If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/alpha:</font></h3>  Write <i>FTP:5.5/alpha/floppy55.fs</i> or
 <ul>  
 <p>Write <i>FTP:5.5/alpha/floppy55.fs</i> or  
 <i>FTP:5.5/alpha/floppyB55.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and  <i>FTP:5.5/alpha/floppyB55.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
 enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.  enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
   
Line 913 
Line 918 
 Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install  Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
 will most likely fail.  will most likely fail.
   
 </ul>  <h3>OpenBSD/armish:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/armish:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network  After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network
 either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,  either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,
 then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.  then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.
Line 926 
Line 928 
 and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)  and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)
 then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.  then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.
 More details are available in INSTALL.armish.  More details are available in INSTALL.armish.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/hp300:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hp300:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.  Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hppa:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the  Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
 <a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.  <a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/landisk:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 Write <i>miniroot55.fs</i> to the start of the CF  Write <i>miniroot55.fs</i> to the start of the CF
 or disk, and boot normally.  or disk, and boot normally.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/loongson:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/loongson:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 Write <i>miniroot55.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it  Write <i>miniroot55.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
 or boot bsd.rd via tftp.  or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
 Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.  Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
 </ul>  
 <p>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/luna88k:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/luna88k:</font></h3>  Copy 'boot' and 'bsd.rd' to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot the bootloader
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 Copy `boot' and `bsd.rd' to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot the bootloader  
 from the PROM, and the bsd.rd from the bootloader.  from the PROM, and the bsd.rd from the bootloader.
 Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.  Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/mvme68k:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme68k:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>  You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
 The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>  The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
 and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k  and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k
 for more details.  for more details.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/mvme88k:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/mvme88k:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>  You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
 The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>  The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
 and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k  and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k
 for more details.  for more details.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/octeon:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/octeon:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 After connecting a serial port, boot bsd.rd over the network via DHCP/tftp.  After connecting a serial port, boot bsd.rd over the network via DHCP/tftp.
 Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.octeon for more details.  Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.octeon for more details.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sgi:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 To install, burn cd55.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your  To install, burn cd55.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
 machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance  machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
 menu. Indigo/Indy/Indigo2 (R4000) systems will not boot automatically from  menu. Indigo/Indy/Indigo2 (R4000) systems will not boot automatically from
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Line 995 
 If your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can setup a DHCP/tftp network  If your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can setup a DHCP/tftp network
 server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using the kernel matching your  server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using the kernel matching your
 system type. Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.  system type. Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/socppc:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/socppc:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.  After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.
 Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.  Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/sparc:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two  Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two
 commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.  commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.
   
 <ul><pre>  <blockquote><pre>
 ok <strong>boot cdrom 5.5/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>  ok <kbd>boot cdrom 5.5/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
 or  or
 &gt; <strong>b sd(0,6,0)5.5/sparc/bsd.rd</strong>  > <kbd>b sd(0,6,0)5.5/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
 </pre></ul>  </pre></blockquote>
   
 <p>  <p>
 If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.  If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
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 To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,  To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,
 depending on the version of your ROM.  depending on the version of your ROM.
   
 <ul><pre>  <blockquote><pre>
 ok <strong>boot floppy</strong>  ok <kbd>boot floppy</kbd>
 or  or
 &gt; <strong>b fd()</strong>  > <kbd>b fd()</kbd>
 </pre></ul>  </pre></blockquote>
   
 <p>  <p>
 Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install  Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
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 If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either  If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
 setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the  setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
 INSTALL.sparc file.  INSTALL.sparc file.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/vax:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/vax:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.  Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.
 </ul>  
   
   <h3>OpenBSD/zaurus:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/zaurus:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 <p>  
 Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the  Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the
 openbsd55_arm.ipk package.  Reboot, then run it.  Read INSTALL.zaurus  openbsd55_arm.ipk package.  Reboot, then run it.  Read INSTALL.zaurus
 for a few important details.  for a few important details.
 </ul>  
   
   </section>
   
   <section id=sourcecode>
   <h3>Notes about the source code:</h3>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#e00000">Notes about the source code:</font></h3>  
 <ul>  
 src.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src.  This file  src.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src.  This file
 contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are  contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
 in a separate archive.  To extract:  in a separate archive.  To extract:
   
   <blockquote><pre>
   # <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
   # <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
   # <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
   </pre></blockquote>
   
 <p>  <p>
 <ul><pre>  
 # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src</strong>  
 # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>  
 # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</strong>  
 </pre></ul>  
 <p>  
 sys.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src/sys.  sys.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src/sys.
 This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.  This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
 To extract:  To extract:
 <p>  
 <ul><pre>  <blockquote><pre>
 # <strong>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</strong>  # <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
 # <strong>cd /usr/src</strong>  # <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
 # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</strong>  # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</strong>
 </pre></ul>  </pre></blockquote>
   
 <p>  <p>
 Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.  Using these trees it  Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.  Using these trees it
 is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as  is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
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 Using these files  Using these files
 results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from  results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
 a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.  a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
 <p>  
 </ul>  
   
 <a name="upgrade"></a>  </section>
   </section>
   
 <hr>  <hr>
   
   <section id=upgrade>
   <h3>How to upgrade</h3>
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#0000e0">How to upgrade</font></h3>  
 <p>  
 If you already have an OpenBSD 5.4 system, and do not want to reinstall,  If you already have an OpenBSD 5.4 system, and do not want to reinstall,
 upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the  upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
 <a href="faq/upgrade55.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.  <a href="faq/upgrade55.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
   </section>
   
 <a name="ports"></a>  
 <hr>  <hr>
   
   <section id=ports>
   <h3>Ports Tree</h3>
 <p>  <p>
 <h3><font color="#0000e0">Ports Tree</font></h3>  
 <p>  
 A ports tree archive is also provided.  To extract:  A ports tree archive is also provided.  To extract:
 <p>  <p>
 <ul><pre>  <blockquote><pre>
 # <strong>cd /usr</strong>  # <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
 # <strong>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</strong>  # <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
 </pre></ul>  </pre></blockquote>
 <p>  <p>
 The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree.  Go  The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree.  Go
 read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page  read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
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 OpenBSD ports system.  OpenBSD ports system.
 <p>  <p>
 The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for  The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
 <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/?query=cvs&amp;sektion=1&amp;arch=i386">  <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/i386/cvs.1">
 cvs(1)</a> if  cvs(1)</a> if
 you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports.  As with our complete  you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports.  As with our complete
 source tree, our ports tree is available via  source tree, our ports tree is available via
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 available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command  available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
 like:  like:
 <p>  <p>
 <ul><pre>  <blockquote><pre>
 # <strong>cd /usr/ports</strong>  # <strong>cd /usr/ports</strong>
 # <strong>cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_5_5</strong>  # <strong>cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_5_5</strong>
 </pre></ul>  </pre></blockquote>
 <p>  <p>
 [Of course, you must replace the server name here with a nearby anoncvs  [Of course, you must replace the server name here with a nearby anoncvs
 server.]  server.]
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 If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just  If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
 would like to know more, the mailing list  would like to know more, the mailing list
 <a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.  <a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
 <p>  </section>
 </body>  
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