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1.1       deraadt     1: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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                      4: <title>OpenBSD 6.1</title>
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                     14:
                     15: <h2>
                     16: <a href="index.html">
                     17: <i><font color="#0000ff">Open</font></i><font color="#000084">BSD</font></a>
                     18: <font color="#e00000">6.1</font>
                     19: </h2>
                     20:
1.90    ! deraadt    21: <a href="images/Fugu.gif">
        !            22: <img align="left" width="227" height="343" hspace="24" src="images/Fugu.gif"></a>
        !            23: Released April 11, 2017<br>
1.1       deraadt    24: Copyright 1997-2017, Theo de Raadt.<br>
                     25: <br>
                     26: <br>
                     27: 6.1 Song:
1.90    ! deraadt    28: <a href="lyrics.html#61">"Winter of 95"</a>.
1.1       deraadt    29:
                     30: <br>
                     31: <ul>
                     32: <li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
                     33:     a list of mirror machines.
                     34: <li>Go to the <font color="#e00000">pub/OpenBSD/6.1/</font> directory on
                     35:     one of the mirror sites.
                     36: <li>Have a look at <a href="errata61.html">the 6.1 errata page</a> for a list
                     37:     of bugs and workarounds.
                     38: <li>See a <a href="plus61.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
                     39:     6.0 and 6.1 releases.
                     40: <p>
                     41: <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>
                     42:     pubkeys for this release:<br>
                     43: <pre>
1.5       deraadt    44: base: RWQEQa33SgQSEsMwwVV1+GjzdcQfRNV2Bgo48Ztd2KiZ9bAodz9c+Maa
                     45: fw:   RWS91POk0QZXfsqi4aI7MotYz8CPzoHjYg4a1IDi56cftacjsq+ZL/KY
                     46: pkg:  RWQbTjGFHEvnOckqY7u9iABhXAkEpF/6TQ3Mr6bMrWbT1wOM/HnbV9ov
1.1       deraadt    47: </pre>
                     48: <p>
                     49: All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
                     50: sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
                     51: files fetched via ports.tar.gz.
                     52: </ul>
                     53: <br clear=all>
                     54:
                     55: <hr>
                     56:
                     57: <h3 id="new"><font color="#0000e0">What's New</font></h3>
                     58:
                     59: This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 6.1.
                     60: For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus61.html">changelog</a> leading
                     61: to 6.1.
                     62:
                     63: <ul>
                     64: <li>New/extended platforms:
                     65:     <ul>
1.21      schwarze   66:     <li>New <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/arm64.html">arm64</a> platform,
                     67:         using <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/clang-local.1">clang(1)</a>
                     68:         as the base system compiler.
1.88      kettenis   69:     <li>The <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/armv7.html">armv7</a> platform
                     70:         has seen some major improvements, including a switch to EABI and
                     71:         support for a lot more hardware.
1.52      visa       72:     <li>The <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/loongson.html">loongson</a>
                     73:         platform now supports systems with Loongson 3A CPU and RS780E chipset.
1.14      schwarze   74:     <li>The following platforms were retired:
1.21      schwarze   75:         <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/armish.html">armish</a>,
1.14      schwarze   76:         <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/sparc.html">sparc</a>,
1.71      tb         77:         <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/zaurus.html">zaurus</a>.
1.1       deraadt    78:     </ul>
                     79: <p>
                     80:
                     81: <li>Improved hardware support, including:
                     82:     <ul>
1.21      schwarze   83:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/acpials.4">acpials(4)</a>
                     84:         driver for ACPI ambient light sensor devices.
                     85:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/acpihve.4">acpihve(4)</a>
                     86:         driver for feeding Hyper-V entropy into the kernel pool.
1.62      jcs        87:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/acpisbs.4">acpisbs(4)</a>
                     88:         driver for ACPI Smart Battery devices.
1.23      jsg        89:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/dwge.4">dwge(4)</a>
                     90:         driver for Designware GMAC 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet devices.
1.21      schwarze   91:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/loongson/htb.4">htb(4)</a>
                     92:         driver for Loongson 3A PCI host bridges.
                     93:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/hvn.4">hvn(4)</a>
                     94:         driver for Hyper-V networking interfaces.
                     95:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/hyperv.4">hyperv(4)</a>
                     96:         driver for the Hyper-V guest nexus device.
                     97:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iatp.4">iatp(4)</a>
                     98:         driver for the Atmel maXTouch touchpad and touchscreen.
                     99:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/armv7/imxtemp.4">imxtemp(4)</a>
                    100:         driver for Freescale i.MX6 temperature sensors.
                    101:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/loongson/leioc.4">leioc(4)</a>
                    102:         driver for the Loongson 3A low-end IO controller.
                    103:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/octeon/octmmc.4">octmmc(4)</a>
1.4       visa      104:         driver for the OCTEON MMC host controller.
1.21      schwarze  105:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/armv7/ompinmux.4">ompinmux(4)</a>
                    106:         driver for OMAP pin multiplexing.
                    107:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/armv7/omwugen.4">omwugen(4)</a>
                    108:         driver for OMAP wake-up generators.
                    109:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/armv7/psci.4">psci(4)</a>
                    110:         driver for the ARM Power State Coordination Interface.
                    111:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/simplefb.4">simplefb(4)</a>
                    112:         driver for the simple frame buffer on systems
1.23      jsg       113:         using a device tree.
                    114:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/armv7/sximmc.4">sximmc(4)</a>
                    115:         driver for Allwinner A1X/A20 MMC/SD/SDIO controllers.
                    116:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/tpm.4">tpm(4)</a>
                    117:         driver for Trusted Platform Module devices.
1.21      schwarze  118:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/uwacom.4">uwacom(4)</a>
                    119:         driver for Wacom USB tablets.
                    120:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/vmmci.4">vmmci(4)</a>
                    121:         VMM control interface.
                    122:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/xbf.4">xbf(4)</a>
                    123:         driver for Xen Blkfront virtual disks.
                    124:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/luna88k/xp.4">xp(4)</a>
                    125:         driver for the LUNA-88K HD647180X I/O processor.
1.58      jsg       126:     <li>Support for Kaby Lake and Lewisburg PCH Ethernet MACs with I219 PHYs
                    127:        has been added to the
                    128:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/?query=em">em(4)</a> driver.
                    129:     <li>Support for RTL8153 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet based devices
                    130:        has been added to the
                    131:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/?query=ure">ure(4)</a> driver.
1.62      jcs       132:     <li>Improved ACPI support for modern Apple hardware, including S3 suspend
                    133:        and resume.
1.69      mikeb     134:     <li>Support for X550 family of 10 Gigabit Ethernet based devices
                    135:        has been added to the
                    136:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/?query=ix">ix(4)</a> driver.
1.1       deraadt   137:     </ul>
1.71      tb        138:
                    139: <p>
                    140: <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a>/
                    141:     <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a>:
                    142:     <ul>
1.81      deraadt   143:     <li>Support was partially integrated in 6.0, but disabled.
1.71      tb        144:     <li>Support for amd64 and i386 hosts.
                    145:     <li>BIOS payload provided via vmm-firmware, delivered via
1.76      tb        146:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/fw_update.1">fw_update(1)</a>.
1.71      tb        147:     <li>Support for Linux guest VMs.
1.76      tb        148:     <li>Better interrupt handling and legacy device emulation.
1.71      tb        149:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a> no longer
                    150:         requires VMX unrestricted guest capability (Nehalem and later CPUs
                    151:         are sufficient).
                    152:     <li>Removed bounce buffers previously used by
                    153:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a> for
                    154:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/vio.4">vio(4)</a> and
                    155:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/vioblk.4">vioblk(4)</a> devices.
                    156:     <li>Support VMs with &gt; 2GB RAM.
1.80      deraadt   157:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a> uses
1.71      tb        158:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a> and the
                    159:         fork+exec model.
                    160:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vm.conf.5">vm.conf(5)</a>
                    161:         expanded to include VM ownership rules (uid/gid).
                    162:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a>/
                    163:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vm.conf.5">vm.conf(5)</a>
                    164:         supports automatic
                    165:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/bridge.4">bridge(4)</a> and
                    166:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/switch.4">switch(4)</a> configuration
                    167:         for VM network interfaces.
                    168:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmctl.8">vmctl(8)</a> supports
                    169:         graceful VM shutdown via
                    170:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/amd64/vmmci.4">vmmci(4)</a>.
                    171:     </ul>
1.1       deraadt   172: <p>
                    173:
                    174: <li>IEEE 802.11 wireless stack improvements:
                    175:     <ul>
1.28      stsp      176:     <li>The <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ral.4">ral(4)</a> driver
                    177:         now supports Ralink RT3900E (RT5390, RT3292) devices.
                    178:     <li>The <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> and
                    179:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iwn.4">iwn(4)</a> drivers
                    180:         now support the short guard interval (SGI) in 11n mode.
                    181:     <li>Added a new implementation of MiRa, a rate adapation algorithm
                    182:         designed for 802.11n.
                    183:     <li>The <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> driver
                    184:         now supports 802.11n MIMO (MCS 0-15).
                    185:     <li>The <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a> driver
                    186:         now supports 802.11n, featuring MIMO (MCS 0-15) and hostap mode.
                    187:     <li>The <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iwn.4">iwn(4)</a> driver
                    188:         now receives MIMO frames in monitor mode.
                    189:     <li>The <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/rtwn.4">rtwn(4)</a> and
                    190:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/urtwn.4">urtwn(4)</a> drivers
                    191:        now use AMRR rate adaptation (8188EU and 8188CE devices only).
                    192:     <li>TKIP/WPA1 was disabled by default because of inherent weaknesses
                    193:         in this protocol.
1.1       deraadt   194:     </ul>
                    195: <p>
                    196:
                    197: <li>Generic network stack improvements:
                    198:     <ul>
1.14      schwarze  199:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/switch.4">switch(4)</a>
                    200:         pseudo-device together with new
                    201:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/switchd.8">switchd(8)</a> and
                    202:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/switchctl.8">switchctl(8)</a>
                    203:         programs.
1.21      schwarze  204:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/mobileip.4">mobileip(4)</a>
                    205:         operation mode for the
                    206:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/gre.4">gre(4)</a>
                    207:         pseudo-device.
                    208:     <li>Multipoint-to-multipoint mode in
                    209:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/vxlan.4">vxlan(4)</a>.
1.18      bluhm     210:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/route.8">route(8)</a>
                    211:        and netstat -r display all routing flags correctly and they
                    212:        are completely documented in the
                    213:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/netstat.1">netstat(1)</a>
                    214:        man page.
                    215:     <li>When sending TCP streams they are locally stored in large
                    216:        mbuf clusters to improve memory management.
                    217:        The maximum TCP send and receive buffer size has been
1.67      claudio   218:        increased from 256KB to 2MB.
1.18      bluhm     219:        Note that this results in a different
                    220:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a>
                    221:        OS fingerprint for OpenBSD.
                    222:        The default limit for mbuf clusters has been increased.
                    223:        You can check the values with
                    224:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/netstat.1">netstat(1)</a>
                    225:        -m and adjust them with
                    226:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sysctl.8">sysctl(8)</a>
                    227:        kern.maxclusters.
                    228:     <li>Make the TCP_NOPUSH flag work for
                    229:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/listen.2">listen(2)</a>
                    230:        sockets.
                    231:        It is inherited by the socket returned from
                    232:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/accept.2">accept(2)</a>.
                    233:     <li>A lot of code has been removed or simplified to make the
                    234:        transition to multi-processor easier.
                    235:        Redesign the interrupt and multi-processor locks in the
                    236:        network stack.
                    237:     <li>When passing packets from the network stack to the
                    238:        interface layer, make sure that they have no pointers to
                    239:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a>
                    240:        which could result in a memory free operation at the wrong
                    241:        protection level.
                    242:     <li>Fix checksum calculation in
                    243:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a>
                    244:        af-to ICMP packet conversions.
                    245:        Simplify af-to processing in and fix path MTU discovery in
                    246:        some corner cases.
                    247:     <li>Improve IPv6 fragment processing.
                    248:        Drop empty atomic fragments early.
                    249:        Be more paranoid when IPv6 hop-by-hop headers appear after
                    250:        fragment headers.
                    251:        Follow RFC 5722 "Handling of Overlapping IPv6 Fragments"
                    252:        more strictly in
                    253:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a>.
                    254:        RFC 8021 "IPv6 Atomic Fragments Considered Harmful" deprecates
                    255:        generating atomic fragments, so do not send them anymore.
                    256:     <li>Depending on the addresses,
                    257:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ipsecctl.8">ipsecctl(8)</a>
                    258:        may automatically group SA bundles together.
                    259:        To make clear what is going on, the kernel provides this
                    260:        information and ipsecctl -s sa prints IPsec SA bundles.
1.51      krw       261:     <li>A new routing socket message type, RTM_PROPOSAL, was added to
                    262:        facilitate future improvements to the network configuration process.
1.1       deraadt   263:     </ul>
                    264: <p>
                    265:
                    266: <li>Installer improvements:
                    267:     <ul>
1.45      tj        268:     <li>The installer now uses privilege separation for fetching and
                    269:         verifying the install sets.
                    270:     <li>Install sets are now fetched over an HTTPS connection by default
                    271:         when using a <a href="ftp.html">mirror</a> that supports it.
1.50      krw       272:     <li>The installer now considers all of the DHCP information in filename,
                    273:        bootfile-name, server-name, tftp-server-name, and next-server when
                    274:        attempting to do automatic installs or upgrades.
                    275:     <li>The installer no longer adds a route to an alias IP via 127.0.0.1, due
                    276:        to improvements in the kernel routing components.
1.1       deraadt   277:     </ul>
                    278: <p>
                    279:
                    280: <li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
                    281:     <ul>
1.10      florian   282:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a> and
                    283:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ping6.8">ping6(8)</a> are now the same
                    284:         binary and share the engine.
1.15      jca       285:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ripd.8">ripd(8)</a> now supports
                    286:         p2p links with addresses in different subnets.
1.17      jca       287:     <li>UDP speakers can specify an IPv4 source address using
                    288:         <tt>IP_SENDSRCADDR</tt>.
                    289:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>
                    290:         and <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/snmpd.8">snmpd(8)</a> now
                    291:         use the proper source address when sending replies.
1.74      reyk      292:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> now
                    293:         supports ECDSA and RFC 7427 signatures for authentication.
1.75      reyk      294:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> now
1.74      reyk      295:         supports replying to IKEv2 responder cookies.
                    296:     <li>Many fixes and improvements for
                    297:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> and
                    298:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ikectl.8">ikectl(8)</a>, including
                    299:         various fixes for rekeying.
1.15      jca       300:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a> and
                    301:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a> now cope
                    302:         with interface MTU change at runtime.
1.44      sthen     303:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a> now supports
                    304:         BGP Large Communities
                    305:         (<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8092.txt">RFC 8092</a>).
                    306:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a> now supports
                    307:         BGP Administrative Shutdown Communication
                    308:         (<a href="https://www.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-idr-shutdown.txt">draft-ietf-idr-shutdown</a>).
1.1       deraadt   309:     </ul>
                    310: <p>
                    311:
                    312: <li>Security improvements:
                    313:     <ul>
1.3       visa      314:     <li>Enforcement of userland W^X on OCTEON Plus and later.
1.32      guenther  315:     <li>All shared libraries, all dynamic and static-PIE executables, and
                    316:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ld.so.1">ld.so(1)</a> itself use
1.29      guenther  317:        the RELRO ("read-only after relocation") design such that
1.32      guenther  318:        more of the initial data is protected as read-only.
1.3       visa      319:     <li>The size of user virtual address space has been increased
                    320:         from 2GB to 1TB on mips64.
1.73      tj        321:     <li>PIE and -static -pie on arm.
1.17      jca       322:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/route6d.8">route6d(8)</a> now
                    323:         runs with fewer privileges.
1.18      bluhm     324:     <li>For incoming TLS connections
                    325:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>
                    326:        can validate client certificates with a given CA file.
1.24      tb        327:     <li>The privileged parent process of
1.18      bluhm     328:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>
                    329:        calls
                    330:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/execve.2">exec(2)</a>
                    331:        to reshuffle its random memory layout.
1.21      schwarze  332:     <li>New function
                    333:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/recallocarray.3">recallocarray(3)</a>
                    334:         to reduce the risk of incorrect clearing of memory before and after
1.27      schwarze  335:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/reallocarray.3">reallocarray(3)</a>.
1.31      guenther  336:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sha2.3">SHA512_256</a> family
1.30      guenther  337:        of functions added to libc.
1.34      guenther  338:     <li>arm added to the list of archs where the
1.30      guenther  339:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/setjmp.3">setjmp(3)</a>
                    340:        family of functions apply XOR cookies to stack and return-address
1.34      guenther  341:        values in the jmpbuf.
1.30      guenther  342:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/printf.3">printf(3)</a> family
                    343:         of formatting functions now report to syslog when the %s
                    344:         format is used with a NULL pointer.
1.36      otto      345:     <li>Heap buffer overflow detection has been improved when the C
1.37      otto      346:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/malloc.3">malloc(3)</a> option is used.
                    347:        The existing S option now includes C.
1.33      guenther  348:     <li>Support for permitting non-root users to
                    349:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/mount.8">mount(8)</a> filesystems
                    350:        has been removed.
1.85      jsing     351:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/bioctl.8">bioctl(8)</a> now uses
                    352:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/bcrypt_pbkdf.3">bcrypt PBKDF</a> to
1.86      jsing     353:        derive keys for
1.85      jsing     354:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> crypto
                    355:        volumes.
1.1       deraadt   356:     </ul>
                    357: <p>
                    358:
1.49      krw       359: <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>/
                    360:     <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a>/
                    361:     <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/dhcrelay.8">dhcrelay(8)</a> improvements:
                    362:     <ul>
                    363:     <li>Add DHO_BOOTFILE_NAME and DHO_TFTP_SERVER to the options requested by default.
                    364:     <li>Add support for RFC 6842 (Client Identifier Option in DHCP Server Replies).
                    365:     <li>Stop leaking option data received on the udp socket.
                    366:     <li>Stop pretending we use RFC 3046/Option 82/Relay Agent Information.
                    367:     <li>Stop recording ignored DHO_ROUTERS and DHO_STATIC_ROUTES options in the effective lease.
                    368:     <li>Use only leases from no SSID or the current SSID when restarting.
                    369:     <li>Reduce default values for various timeouts to something more
                    370:            appropriate to modern networks.
                    371:     <li>Fix issues with redundant dhcpd servers and CARP'd interfaces.
                    372:     <li>Switch to standard logging functions
1.59      krw       373:     <li>Fix vis/unvis of strings in
                    374:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a> leases files.
1.49      krw       375:     </ul>
1.80      deraadt   376: <p>
1.44      sthen     377:
1.1       deraadt   378: <li>Assorted improvements:
                    379:     <ul>
1.46      tj        380:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syspatch.8">syspatch(8)</a>
                    381:         utility for security and reliability binary updates to the base
                    382:         system.
1.24      tb        383:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/acme-client.1">acme-client(1)</a>, a
                    384:         privilege separated Automatic Certificate Management Environment
1.9       florian   385:         (ACME) client written by Kristaps Dzonsons has been imported.
1.14      schwarze  386:     <li>New, simplified
                    387:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/xenodm.1">xenodm(1)</a>
                    388:         X11 display manager forked from
                    389:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-6.0/xdm.1">xdm(1)</a>.
1.13      schwarze  390:     <li>Unicode version 8 character properties in the C library.
                    391:     <li>Partial UTF-8 line editing support for
                    392:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ksh.1">ksh(1)</a> Vi input mode.
                    393:     <li>UTF-8 support in
                    394:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/column.1">column(1)</a>.
1.35      otto      395:     <li>The performance and concurrency of the
                    396:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/malloc.3">malloc(3)</a> family
                    397:        in multi-threaded processes has been improved.
1.17      jca       398:     <li>Estonian keyboard support.
                    399:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/read.2">read(2)</a> on
                    400:         directories now fails instead of returning 0.
                    401:     <li>Support for the <tt>RES_USE_EDNS0</tt> and <tt>RES_USE_DNSSEC</tt>
                    402:         flags has been added to the
                    403:         <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/resolver.3">resolver(3)</a>
                    404:         implementation.
1.18      bluhm     405:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>
1.76      tb        406:        limits the socket buffer for TCP and TLS connections to 64K
1.18      bluhm     407:        to avoid wasting kernel memory.
                    408:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>
                    409:        supports the option -Z to print the timestamp in RFC 5424
                    410:        ISO format.
                    411:        This logs everything in UTC including the year, timezone
                    412:        and fractions of seconds.
                    413:        The default is still RFC 3164 BSD syslog time format.
1.72      bluhm     414:     <li>When log files are rotated,
                    415:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/newsyslog.8">newsyslog(8)</a>
                    416:        writes the creation time in UTC ISO format into the first line.
1.18      bluhm     417:     <li>The
                    418:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>
                    419:        options -a, -T, and -U can be given more than once to specify
                    420:        multiple input sources.
                    421:     <li>Improve the
                    422:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>
                    423:        output and diagnostics in case the klog buffer
                    424:        overflows.
                    425:     <li>Make SIGHUP handling in
                    426:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>
                    427:        more reliable.
1.72      bluhm     428:     <li>Let <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>
                    429:        tolerate most errors on startup.
                    430:        Keep running and receive messages from all working subsystems,
                    431:        but do not die.
                    432:     <li>The <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/syslog.3">syslog(3)</a>
                    433:        priority of fatal and warning messages of various daemons
                    434:        has been adjusted.
1.18      bluhm     435:     <li>An NMI sends the amd64 kernel into
                    436:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ddb.4">ddb(4)</a>
                    437:        more reliably.
1.32      guenther  438:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ld.so.1">ld.so(1)</a> now
                    439:        supports the DT_PREINITARRAY, DT_INITARRAY, DT_FINIARRAY, DT_FLAGS,
                    440:        and DT_RUNPATH dynamic tags.
1.33      guenther  441:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/kdump.1">kdump(1)</a>
1.44      sthen     442:        now dumps the fds returned by
1.33      guenther  443:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/pipe.2">pipe(2)</a> and
                    444:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/socketpair.2">socketpair(2)</a>.
                    445:     <li>Added support to <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/doas.1">doas(1)</a>
                    446:        for session-locked persistent authentication.
1.34      guenther  447:     <li>Use a hardware register for the thread pointer on arm for improved
                    448:        performance in multi-threaded processes.
1.43      visa      449:     <li>SGI boot blocks now consult the OpenBSD
                    450:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.5">disklabel(5)</a>
                    451:        to locate the root filesystem.
                    452:        This reduces constraints on disk partitioning.
                    453:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/iec.4">iec(4)</a>
                    454:        no longer hangs when its transmit ring gets full.
                    455:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sq.4">sq(4)</a>
                    456:        has been fixed to accept broadcast frames in non-promiscuous mode
                    457:        when no IP address is configured.
                    458:        This lets the interface work with DHCP.
                    459:     <li>Multiprocessor-safe PCI interrupt handlers are run
                    460:        without the kernel lock on OpenBSD/sgi.
1.50      krw       461:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> now unconditionally
                    462:        sets the size of the protective MBR's EFI GPT partition to UINT32_MAX.
                    463:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> now respects the
                    464:        current MBR or GPT format when initializing a disk.
                    465:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> now uses
                    466:            sufficient parallel i/o's to efficiently rebuild RAID5 volumes.
                    467:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/asr_run.3">asr</a> now accepts UDP
                    468:            packets of up to 4096 bytes to account for broken DNS servers.
                    469:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/umass.4">umass(4)</a> no longer assumes
                    470:            that ATAPI or UFI devices have only 1 LUN.
                    471:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/scsi.4">scsi(4)</a> now correctly
                    472:            detects end of tape on LTO5 devices.
1.63      beck      473:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> supports
                    474:           SNI
                    475:           via <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/tls_config_add_keypair_ocsp_mem.3">libtls</a>
                    476:           to allow for multiple https sites on a single IP address.
1.89      schwarze  477:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ocspcheck.8">ocspcheck(8)</a>
1.63      beck      478:     has been added, and can be used to check the OCSP status of
1.64      beck      479:     certificates. The corresponding responses can be saved for later use in OCSP stapling.
1.63      beck      480:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> supports
                    481:           OCSP stapling
                    482:           via <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/tls_config_add_keypair_ocsp_mem.3">libtls</a>
                    483:           to permit OCSP responses to be stapled to the tls handshake
                    484:     <li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1">nc(1)</a> now also
                    485:       supports OCSP stapling server side, and will show the stapling information
1.80      deraadt   486:       client side.
1.68      claudio   487:     <li>Both <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a> and
                    488:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> support now
                    489:        TLS session resumption using TLS session tickets.
                    490:        See the respective configuration man page for more information.
1.72      bluhm     491:     <li>With the -f option
                    492:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sensorsd.8">sensorsd(8)</a>
                    493:        can use an alternative config file.
1.1       deraadt   494:     </ul>
                    495: <p>
                    496:
                    497: <li>OpenSMTPD 6.0.0
                    498:     <ul>
1.78      gilles    499:       <li>Added support for providing an alternate subaddressing delimiter
                    500:       <li>Made the daemon less verbose in logs when exiting
                    501:       <li>Improved the io layer to simplify code accross the daemon
                    502:       <li>Added support for matching authenticated sessions in the ruleset
                    503:       <li>Assorted code and documentation cleanups
1.1       deraadt   504:     </ul>
                    505: <p>
                    506:
1.12      matthieu  507: <li>OpenSSH 7.4
1.1       deraadt   508:     <ul>
1.79      deraadt   509:     <li>Security:
                    510:       <ul>
                    511:       <li>ssh-agent(1): Will now refuse to load PKCS#11 modules from paths
                    512:           outside a trusted whitelist (run-time configurable). Requests to
                    513:           load modules could be passed via agent forwarding and an attacker
                    514:           could attempt to load a hostile PKCS#11 module across the forwarded
                    515:           agent channel: PKCS#11 modules are shared libraries, so this would
                    516:           result in code execution on the system running the ssh-agent if the
                    517:           attacker has control of the forwarded agent-socket (on the host
                    518:           running the sshd server) and the ability to write to the filesystem
                    519:           of the host running ssh-agent (usually the host running the ssh
                    520:           client).
                    521:       <li>sshd(8): When privilege separation is disabled, forwarded Unix-
                    522:           domain sockets would be created by sshd(8) with the privileges of
                    523:           'root' instead of the authenticated user. This release refuses
                    524:           Unix-domain socket forwarding when privilege separation is disabled
                    525:           (Privilege separation has been enabled by default for 14 years).
                    526:       <li>sshd(8): Avoid theoretical leak of host private key material to
                    527:           privilege-separated child processes via realloc() when reading
                    528:           keys. No such leak was observed in practice for normal-sized keys,
                    529:           nor does a leak to the child processes directly expose key material
                    530:           to unprivileged users.
                    531:       <li>sshd(8): The shared memory manager used by pre-authentication
                    532:           compression support had a bounds checks that could be elided by
                    533:           some optimising compilers. Additionally, this memory manager was
                    534:           incorrectly accessible when pre-authentication compression was
                    535:           disabled. This could potentially allow attacks against the
                    536:           privileged monitor process from the sandboxed privilege-separation
                    537:           process (a compromise of the latter would be required first).
                    538:           This release removes support for pre-authentication compression
                    539:           from sshd(8).
                    540:       <li>sshd(8): Fix denial-of-service condition where an attacker who
                    541:           sends multiple KEXINIT messages may consume up to 128MB per
                    542:           connection.
                    543:       <li>sshd(8): Validate address ranges for AllowUser and DenyUsers
                    544:           directives at configuration load time and refuse to accept invalid
                    545:           ones. It was previously possible to specify invalid CIDR address
                    546:           ranges (e.g. user@127.1.2.3/55) and these would always match,
                    547:           possibly resulting in granting access where it was not intended.
                    548:       <li>ssh(1), sshd(8): Fix weakness in CBC padding oracle countermeasures
                    549:           that allowed a variant of the attack fixed in OpenSSH 7.3 to proceed.
                    550:       </ul>
                    551:     <li>New/changed features:
                    552:       <ul>
                    553:       <li>Server support for the SSH v.1 protocol has been removed.
                    554:       <li>ssh(1): Remove 3des-cbc from the client's default proposal. 64-bit
                    555:           block ciphers are not safe in 2016 and we don't want to wait until
                    556:           attacks like SWEET32 are extended to SSH. As 3des-cbc was the
                    557:           only mandatory cipher in the SSH RFCs, this may cause problems
                    558:           connecting to older devices using the default configuration,
                    559:           but it's highly likely that such devices already need explicit
                    560:           configuration for key exchange and hostkey algorithms already
                    561:           anyway.
                    562:       <li>sshd(8): Remove support for pre-authentication compression.
                    563:           Doing compression early in the protocol probably seemed reasonable
                    564:           in the 1990s, but today it's clearly a bad idea in terms of both
                    565:           cryptography (cf. multiple compression oracle attacks in TLS) and
                    566:           attack surface. Pre-auth compression support has been disabled by
                    567:           default for >10 years. Support remains in the client.
                    568:       <li>ssh-agent will refuse to load PKCS#11 modules outside a whitelist
                    569:           of trusted paths by default. The path whitelist may be specified
                    570:           at run-time.
                    571:       <li>sshd(8): When a forced-command appears in both a certificate and
                    572:           an authorized keys/principals command= restriction, sshd will now
                    573:           refuse to accept the certificate unless they are identical.
                    574:           The previous (documented) behaviour of having the certificate
                    575:           forced-command override the other could be a bit confusing and
                    576:           error-prone.
                    577:       <li>sshd(8): Remove the UseLogin configuration directive and support
                    578:           for having /bin/login manage login sessions.
                    579:       <li>ssh(1): Add a proxy multiplexing mode to ssh(1) inspired by the
                    580:           version in PuTTY by Simon Tatham. This allows a multiplexing
                    581:           client to communicate with the master process using a subset of
                    582:           the SSH packet and channels protocol over a Unix-domain socket,
                    583:           with the main process acting as a proxy that translates channel
                    584:           IDs, etc.  This allows multiplexing mode to run on systems that
                    585:           lack file- descriptor passing (used by current multiplexing
                    586:           code) and potentially, in conjunction with Unix-domain socket
                    587:           forwarding, with the client and multiplexing master process on
                    588:           different machines. Multiplexing proxy mode may be invoked using
                    589:           "ssh -O proxy ..."
                    590:       <li>sshd(8): Add a sshd_config DisableForwarding option that disables
                    591:           X11, agent, TCP, tunnel and Unix domain socket forwarding, as well
                    592:           as anything else we might implement in the future. Like the
                    593:           'restrict' authorized_keys flag, this is intended to be a simple
                    594:           and future-proof way of restricting an account.
                    595:       <li>sshd(8), ssh(1): Support the "curve25519-sha256" key exchange
                    596:           method. This is identical to the currently-supported method named
                    597:           "curve25519-sha256@libssh.org".
                    598:       <li>sshd(8): Improve handling of SIGHUP by checking to see if sshd is
                    599:           already daemonised at startup and skipping the call to daemon(3)
                    600:           if it is. This ensures that a SIGHUP restart of sshd(8) will
                    601:           retain the same process-ID as the initial execution. sshd(8) will
                    602:           also now unlink the PidFile prior to SIGHUP restart and re-create
                    603:           it after a successful restart, rather than leaving a stale file in
                    604:           the case of a configuration error.
                    605:       <li>sshd(8): Allow ClientAliveInterval and ClientAliveCountMax
                    606:           directives to appear in sshd_config Match blocks.
                    607:       <li>sshd(8): Add %-escapes to AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand to match
                    608:           those supported by AuthorizedKeysCommand (key, key type,
                    609:           fingerprint, etc.) and a few more to provide access to the
                    610:           contents of the certificate being offered.
                    611:       <li>Added regression tests for string matching, address matching and
                    612:           string sanitisation functions.
                    613:       <li>Improved the key exchange fuzzer harness.
                    614:       <li>Deprecate the sshd_config UsePrivilegeSeparation
                    615:           option, thereby making privilege separation mandatory. Privilege
                    616:           separation has been on by default for almost 15 years and
                    617:           sandboxing has been on by default for almost the last five.
                    618:       <li>ssh(1), sshd(8): Support "=-" syntax to easily remove methods from
                    619:           algorithm lists, e.g. Ciphers=-*cbc.
                    620:       </ul>
                    621:     <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
                    622:       <ul>
                    623:       <li>ssh(1): Allow IdentityFile to successfully load and use
                    624:           certificates that have no corresponding bare public key.
                    625:           certificate id_rsa-cert.pub (and no id_rsa.pub).
                    626:       <li>ssh(1): Fix public key authentication when multiple
                    627:           authentication is in use and publickey is not just the first
                    628:           method attempted.
                    629:       <li>ssh-agent(1), ssh(1): improve reporting when attempting to load
                    630:           keys from PKCS#11 tokens with fewer useless log messages and more
                    631:           detail in debug messages.
                    632:       <li>ssh(1): When tearing down ControlMaster connections, don't
                    633:           pollute stderr when LogLevel=quiet.
                    634:       <li>sftp(1): On ^Z wait for underlying ssh(1) to suspend before
                    635:           suspending sftp(1) to ensure that ssh(1) restores the terminal mode
                    636:           correctly if suspended during a password prompt.
                    637:       <li>ssh(1): Avoid busy-wait when ssh(1) is suspended during a password
                    638:           prompt.
                    639:       <li>ssh(1), sshd(8): Correctly report errors during sending of ext-
                    640:           info messages.
                    641:       <li>sshd(8): fix NULL-deref crash if sshd(8) received an out-of-
                    642:           sequence NEWKEYS message.
                    643:       <li>sshd(8): Correct list of supported signature algorithms sent in
                    644:           the server-sig-algs extension.
                    645:       <li>sshd(8): Fix sending ext_info message if privsep is disabled.
                    646:       <li>sshd(8): more strictly enforce the expected ordering of privilege
                    647:           separation monitor calls used for authentication and allow them
                    648:           only when their respective authentication methods are enabled
                    649:           in the configuration
                    650:       <li>sshd(8): Fix uninitialised optlen in getsockopt() call; harmless
                    651:           on Unix/BSD but potentially crashy on Cygwin.
                    652:       <li>Fix false positive reports caused by explicit_bzero(3) not being
                    653:           recognised as a memory initialiser when compiled with
                    654:           -fsanitize-memory.
                    655:       <li>sshd_config(5): Use 2001:db8::/32, the official IPv6 subnet for
                    656:           configuration examples.
                    657:       <li>sshd(1): Fix NULL dereference crash when key exchange start
                    658:           messages are sent out of sequence.
                    659:       <li>ssh(1), sshd(8): Allow form-feed characters to appear in
                    660:           configuration files.
                    661:       <li>sshd(8): Fix regression in OpenSSH 7.4 support for the
                    662:           server-sig-algs extension, where SHA2 RSA signature methods were
                    663:           not being correctly advertised.
                    664:       <li>ssh(1), ssh-keygen(1): Fix a number of case-sensitivity bugs in
                    665:           known_hosts processing.
                    666:       <li>ssh(1): Allow ssh to use certificates accompanied by a private key
                    667:           file but no corresponding plain *.pub public key.
                    668:       <li>ssh(1): When updating hostkeys using the UpdateHostKeys option,
                    669:           accept RSA keys if HostkeyAlgorithms contains any RSA keytype.
                    670:           Previously, ssh could ignore RSA keys when only the ssh-rsa-sha2-*
                    671:           methods were enabled in HostkeyAlgorithms and not the old ssh-rsa
                    672:           method.
                    673:       <li>ssh(1): Detect and report excessively long configuration file
                    674:           lines.
                    675:       <li>Merge a number of fixes found by Coverity and reported via Redhat
                    676:           and FreeBSD. Includes fixes for some memory and file descriptor
                    677:           leaks in error paths.
                    678:       <li>ssh-keyscan(1): Correctly hash hosts with a port number.
                    679:       <li>ssh(1), sshd(8): When logging long messages to stderr, don't truncate
                    680:           "\r\n" if the length of the message exceeds the buffer.
                    681:       <li>ssh(1): Fully quote [host]:port in generated ProxyJump/-J command-
                    682:           line; avoid confusion over IPv6 addresses and shells that treat
                    683:           square bracket characters specially.
                    684:       <li>ssh-keygen(1): Fix corruption of known_hosts when running
                    685:           "ssh-keygen -H" on a known_hosts containing already-hashed entries.
                    686:       <li>Fix various fallout and sharp edges caused by removing SSH protocol
                    687:           1 support from the server, including the server banner string being
                    688:           incorrectly terminated with only \n (instead of \r\n), confusing
                    689:           error messages from ssh-keyscan a segfault in sshd
                    690:           if protocol v.1 was enabled for the client and sshd_config
                    691:           contained references to legacy keys.
                    692:       <li>ssh(1), sshd(8): Free fd_set on connection timeout.
                    693:       <li>sshd(8): Fix Unix domain socket forwarding for root (regression in
                    694:           OpenSSH 7.4).
                    695:       <li>sftp(1): Fix division by zero crash in "df" output when server
                    696:           returns zero total filesystem blocks/inodes.
                    697:       <li>ssh(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-keygen(1), sshd(8): Translate OpenSSL errors
                    698:           encountered during key loading to more meaningful error codes.
                    699:       <li>ssh-keygen(1): Sanitise escape sequences in key comments sent to
                    700:           printf but preserve valid UTF-8 when the locale supports it.
                    701:       <li>ssh(1), sshd(8): Return reason for port forwarding failures where
                    702:           feasible rather than always "administratively prohibited".
                    703:       <li>sshd(8): Fix deadlock when AuthorizedKeysCommand or
                    704:           AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand produces a lot of output and a key is
                    705:           matched early.
                    706:       <li>ssh(1): Fix typo in ~C error message for bad port forward
                    707:           cancellation.
                    708:       <li>ssh(1): Show a useful error message when included config files
                    709:           can't be opened.
                    710:       <li>sshd(8): Make sshd set GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck=yes as the manual page
                    711:           (previously incorrectly) advertised.
                    712:       <li>sshd_config(5): Repair accidentally-deleted mention of %k token
                    713:           in AuthorizedKeysCommand.
                    714:       <li>sshd(8): Remove vestiges of previously removed LOGIN_PROGRAM;
                    715:       <li>ssh-agent(1): Relax PKCS#11 whitelist to include libexec and
                    716:           common 32-bit compatibility library directories.
                    717:       <li>sftp-client(1): Fix non-exploitable integer overflow in SSH2_FXP_NAME
                    718:           response handling.
                    719:       <li>ssh-agent(1): Fix regression in 7.4 of deleting PKCS#11-hosted
                    720:           keys. It was not possible to delete them except by specifying
                    721:           their full physical path.
                    722:       </ul>
1.1       deraadt   723:     </ul>
                    724: <p>
                    725:
1.61      beck      726: <li>LibreSSL 2.5.3
1.80      deraadt   727:     <ul>
                    728:     <li>libtls now supports ALPN and SNI
                    729:     <li>libtls adds a new callback interface for integrating custom IO
                    730:        functions. Thanks to Tobias Pape.
                    731:     <li>libtls now handles 4 cipher suite groups:
                    732:        <ul>
                    733:        <li>"secure" (TLSv1.2+AEAD+PFS)
                    734:        <li>"compat" (HIGH:!aNULL)
                    735:        <li>"legacy" (HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL)
                    736:        <li>"insecure" (ALL:!aNULL:!eNULL)
                    737:        </ul>
                    738:        This allows for flexibility and finer grained control, rather than
                    739:        having two extremes (an issue raised by Marko Kreen some time ago).
                    740:     <li>Tightened error handling for tls_config_set_ciphers().
                    741:     <li>libtls now always loads CA, key and certificate files at the time the
                    742:        configuration function is called. This simplifies code and results in
                    743:        a single memory based code path being used to provide data to libssl.
1.84      jsing     744:     <li>Added support for OCSP intermediate certificates.
                    745:     <li>Added X509_check_host(), X509_check_email(), X509_check_ip(), and
                    746:        X509_check_ip_asc() functions, via BoringSSL.
1.80      deraadt   747:     <li>Added initial support for iOS, thanks to Jacob Berkman.
                    748:     <li>Improved behavior of arc4random on Windows when using memory leak
                    749:        analysis software.
                    750:     <li>Correctly handle an EOF that occurs prior to the TLS handshake
                    751:        completing. Reported by Vasily Kolobkov, based on a diff from Marko
                    752:        Kreen.
1.84      jsing     753:     <li>Limit the support of the "backward compatible" SSLv2 handshake to
1.80      deraadt   754:        only be used if TLS 1.0 is enabled.
                    755:     <li>Fix incorrect results in certain cases on 64-bit systems when
                    756:        BN_mod_word() can return incorrect results. BN_mod_word() now can
                    757:        return an error condition. Thanks to Brian Smith.
1.84      jsing     758:     <li>Added constant-time updates to address CVE-2016-0702.
                    759:     <li>Fixed undefined behavior in BN_GF2m_mod_arr().
                    760:     <li>Removed unused Cryptographic Message Support (CMS).
                    761:     <li>More conversions of long long idioms to time_t.
1.80      deraadt   762:     <li>Improved compatibility by avoiding printing NULL strings with
                    763:        printf.
                    764:     <li>Reverted change that cleans up the EVP cipher context in
1.84      jsing     765:         EVP_EncryptFinal() and EVP_DecryptFinal(). Some software relies on the
                    766:         previous behaviour.
1.80      deraadt   767:     <li>Avoid unbounded memory growth in libssl, which can be triggered
                    768:        by a TLS client repeatedly renegotiating and sending OCSP Status
                    769:        Request TLS extensions.
                    770:     <li>Avoid falling back to a weak digest for (EC)DH when using SNI
                    771:        with libssl.
                    772:     <li>X509_cmp_time() now passes a malformed GeneralizedTime field as
                    773:        an error. Reported by Theofilos Petsios.
                    774:     <li>Check for and handle failure of HMAC_{Update,Final} or
                    775:        EVP_DecryptUpdate().
                    776:     <li>Massive update and normalization of manpages, conversion to
                    777:        mandoc format. Many pages were rewritten for clarity and accuracy.
                    778:        Portable doc links are up-to-date with a new conversion tool.
1.82      jsing     779:     <li>Curve25519 and TLS X25519 Key Exchange support.
1.80      deraadt   780:     <li>Support for alternate chains for certificate verification.
                    781:     <li>Code cleanups, CBB conversions, further unification of DTLS/SSL
                    782:        handshake code, further ASN1 macro expansion and removal.
                    783:     <li>Private symbols are now hidden in libssl and libcrypto.
                    784:     <li>Friendly certificate verification error messages in libtls, peer
                    785:        verification is now always enabled.
                    786:     <li>Added OCSP stapling support to libtls and nc.
                    787:     <li>Added ocspcheck utility to validate a certificate against its OCSP
                    788:        responder and save the reply for stapling
                    789:     <li>Enhanced regression tests and error handling for libtls.
                    790:     <li>Added explicit constant and non-constant time BN functions,
                    791:        defaulting to constant time wherever possible.
                    792:     <li>Moved many leaked implementation details in public structs behind
                    793:        opaque pointers.
                    794:     <li>Added ticket support to libtls.
                    795:     <li>Added support for setting the supported EC curves via
                    796:        SSL{_CTX}_set1_groups{_list}() - also provide defines for the
                    797:        previous SSL{_CTX}_set1_curves{_list} names. This also changes
                    798:        the default list of curves to be X25519, P-256 and P-384. All
                    799:        other curves must be manually enabled.
                    800:     <li>Added -groups option to openssl(1) s_client for specifying the
                    801:        curves to be used in a colon-separated list.
                    802:     <li>Merged client/server version negotiation code paths into one,
                    803:        reducing much duplicate code.
                    804:     <li>Removed error function codes from libssl and libcrypto.
                    805:     <li>Fixed an issue where a truncated packet could crash via an OOB
                    806:        read.
                    807:     <li>Added SSL_OP_NO_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION option that disallows
                    808:        client-initiated renegotiation. This is the default for libtls
                    809:        servers.
                    810:     <li>Avoid a side-channel cache-timing attack that can leak the ECDSA
                    811:        private keys when signing. This is due to BN_mod_inverse() being
                    812:        used without the constant time flag being set. Reported by Cesar
                    813:        Pereida Garcia and Billy Brumley (Tampere University of
                    814:        Technology).  The fix was developed by Cesar Pereida Garcia.
                    815:     <li>iOS and MacOS compatibility updates from Simone Basso and Jacob
                    816:        Berkman.
                    817:     <li>Added the recallocarray(3) memory allocation function, and
                    818:        converted various places in the library to use it, such as CBB
                    819:        and BUF_MEM_grow.  recallocarray(3) is similar to
                    820:        reallocarray. Newly allocated memory is cleared similar to
                    821:        calloc(3). Memory that becomes unallocated while shrinking or
                    822:        moving existing allocations is explicitly discarded by unmapping
                    823:        or clearing to 0.
                    824:     <li>Added new root CAs from SECOM Trust Systems / Security
                    825:        Communication of Japan.
                    826:     <li>Added EVP interface for MD5+SHA1 hashes.
                    827:     <li>Improved nc(1) TLS handshake CPU usage and server-side error
                    828:        reporting.
1.84      jsing     829:     <li>Added a constant time version of BN_gcd and use it default for
1.80      deraadt   830:        BN_gcd to avoid the possibility of sidechannel timing attacks
                    831:        against RSA private key generation - Thanks to Alejandro
                    832:        Cabrera <aldaya@gmail.com>
                    833:     </ul>
1.1       deraadt   834: <p>
                    835:
1.13      schwarze  836: <li>mandoc 1.14.1
                    837:     <ul>
                    838:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/mandoc.db.5">mandoc.db(5)</a>
1.80      deraadt   839:        file format: <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/man.1">man(1)</a>,
                    840:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/apropos.1">apropos(1)</a>, and
                    841:        <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/makewhatis.8">makewhatis(8)</a>
                    842:        no longer need SQLite3.
1.13      schwarze  843:     <li>Much improved HTML output and CSS.
                    844:     <li>In <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/man.1">man(1)</a>, internal
1.80      deraadt   845:        searching with <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/less.1">less(1)</a>
                    846:        <code>:t</code> has been improved.
1.25      schwarze  847:     <li>New <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/mandoc.1">mandoc(1)</a>
1.80      deraadt   848:        <code>-mdoc -T markdown</code> output mode
                    849:        (already a post-1.14.1 feature).
1.13      schwarze  850:     </ul>
                    851: <p>
                    852:
1.1       deraadt   853: <li>Ports and packages:
                    854:     <dl>
                    855:     <dt>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
                    856:     </dl>
                    857:     <!-- number of FTP packages minus SHA256, SHA256.sig, index.txt -->
                    858:     <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="95%">
                    859:     <tr>
                    860:     <td valign="top" width="25%">
                    861:     <ul>
1.77      deraadt   862:       <li>alpha:      7413
                    863:       <li>amd64:      9714
1.87      deraadt   864:       <li>arm:        7501
1.1       deraadt   865:     </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
1.87      deraadt   866:       <li>hppa:       6422
1.77      deraadt   867:       <li>i386:       9697
                    868:       <li>mips64:     8072
1.1       deraadt   869:     </ul></td><td valign=top width="25%"><ul>
1.77      deraadt   870:       <li>mips64el:   6880
                    871:       <li>powerpc:    7703
                    872:       <li>sparc64:    8606
1.1       deraadt   873:     </ul></td></tr></table>
                    874:     <p>
                    875:
                    876:     <dl>
                    877:     <dt>Some highlights:
                    878:     </dl>
                    879:     <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="95%">
                    880:     <tr>
                    881:     <td valign="top" width="50%"><ul>
1.39      jsg       882:        <li>AFL 2.39b
1.55      jsg       883:        <li>Chromium 57.0.2987.133
1.26      lteo      884:        <li>Emacs 21.4 and 25.1
                    885:        <li>GCC 4.9.4
1.1       deraadt   886:        <li>GHC 7.10.3
1.12      matthieu  887:        <li>Gimp 2.8.18
1.26      lteo      888:        <li>GNOME 3.22.2
1.12      matthieu  889:        <li>Go 1.8
1.1       deraadt   890:        <li>Groff 1.22.3
1.12      matthieu  891:        <li>JDK 7u80 and 8u121
1.1       deraadt   892:        <li>KDE 3.5.10 and 4.14.3 (plus KDE4 core updates)
1.39      jsg       893:        <li>LLVM/Clang 4.0.0
1.12      matthieu  894:        <li>LibreOffice 5.2.4.2
                    895:        <li>Lua 5.1.5, 5.2.4, and 5.3.4
1.40      sthen     896:        <li>MariaDB 10.0.30
1.12      matthieu  897:        <li>Mono 4.6.2.6
1.55      jsg       898:        <li>Mozilla Firefox 52.0.2esr and 52.0.2
1.26      lteo      899:        <li>Mozilla Thunderbird 45.8.0
1.1       deraadt   900:     </ul></td><td valign=top width="50%"><ul>
1.12      matthieu  901:        <li>Mutt 1.8.0
1.57      lteo      902:        <li>Node.js 6.10.1
1.26      lteo      903:        <li>Ocaml 4.03.0
1.1       deraadt   904:        <li>OpenLDAP 2.3.43 and 2.4.44
1.12      matthieu  905:        <li>PHP 5.5.38, 5.6.30, and 7.0.16
                    906:        <li>Postfix 3.2.0 and 3.3-20170218
                    907:        <li>PostgreSQL 9.6.2
                    908:        <li>Python 2.7.13, 3.4.5, 3.5.2 and 3.6.0
1.42      tb        909:        <li>R 3.3.3
1.57      lteo      910:        <li>Ruby 1.8.7.374, 2.1.9, 2.2.6, 2.3.3 and 2.4.1
1.48      danj      911:        <li>Rust 1.16.0
1.1       deraadt   912:        <li>Sendmail 8.15.2
1.13      schwarze  913:        <li>SQLite3 3.17.0
1.12      matthieu  914:        <li>Sudo 1.8.19.2
1.1       deraadt   915:        <li>Tcl/Tk 8.5.18 and 8.6.4
                    916:        <li>TeX Live 2015
1.12      matthieu  917:        <li>Vim 8.0.0388
1.1       deraadt   918:        <li>Xfce 4.12
                    919:     </ul></td></tr></table>
                    920: <p>
                    921:
                    922: <li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
                    923: <p>
                    924:
                    925: <li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
                    926:     <ul>
                    927:     <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 1.18.3 + patches,
1.47      jsg       928:       freetype 2.7.1, fontconfig 2.12.1, Mesa 13.0.6, xterm 327,
1.12      matthieu  929:       xkeyboard-config 2.20 and more)
1.55      jsg       930:     <li>LLVM/Clang 4.0.0 (+ patches)
1.1       deraadt   931:     <li>GCC 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 3.3.6 (+ patches)
1.8       florian   932:     <li>Perl 5.24.1 (+ patches)
1.6       florian   933:     <li>NSD 4.1.15
                    934:     <li>Unbound 1.6.1
1.1       deraadt   935:     <li>Ncurses 5.7
                    936:     <li>Binutils 2.17 (+ patches)
                    937:     <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
                    938:     <li>Awk Aug 10, 2011 version
                    939:     <li>Expat 2.1.1
                    940:     </ul>
                    941: </ul>
                    942:
                    943: <hr>
                    944:
                    945: <h3 id="install"><font color="#0000e0">How to install</font></h3>
                    946:
1.20      tj        947: Please refer to the following files on the mirror site for
1.1       deraadt   948: extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 6.1 on your machine:
                    949:
                    950: <ul>
                    951: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
1.20      tj        952:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
1.1       deraadt   953: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
1.20      tj        954:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/amd64/INSTALL.amd64</a>
1.54      jsg       955: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/arm64/INSTALL.arm64">
1.56      jsg       956:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/arm64/INSTALL.arm64</a>
1.1       deraadt   957: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/armv7/INSTALL.armv7">
                    958:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/armv7/INSTALL.armv7</a>
                    959: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
                    960:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
1.41      tb        961: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/i386/INSTALL.i386">
                    962:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/i386/INSTALL.i386</a>
1.1       deraadt   963: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/landisk/INSTALL.landisk">
                    964:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/landisk/INSTALL.landisk</a>
                    965: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/loongson/INSTALL.loongson">
                    966:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/loongson/INSTALL.loongson</a>
                    967: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k">
                    968:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k</a>
1.41      tb        969: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
                    970:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/macppc/INSTALL.macppc</a>
1.1       deraadt   971: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/octeon/INSTALL.octeon">
                    972:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/octeon/INSTALL.octeon</a>
                    973: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/sgi/INSTALL.sgi">
                    974:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/sgi/INSTALL.sgi</a>
1.41      tb        975: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.1/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
                    976:        .../OpenBSD/6.1/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64</a>
1.1       deraadt   977: </ul>
                    978:
                    979: <hr>
                    980:
                    981: <p>
                    982: Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the use of
                    983: the "<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel</a> -E" command.
                    984: If you are at all confused when installing OpenBSD, read the relevant
                    985: INSTALL.* file as listed above!
                    986:
1.41      tb        987: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/alpha:</font></h3>
1.1       deraadt   988:
                    989: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                    990: <li>
1.41      tb        991: Write <i>floppy61.fs</i> or <i>floppyB61.fs</i> (depending on your machine)
                    992: to a diskette and enter <i>boot dva0</i>.
                    993: Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
1.1       deraadt   994: <p>
                    995: <li>
1.41      tb        996: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
                    997: will most likely fail.
1.1       deraadt   998: </ul>
                    999:
                   1000: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/amd64:</font></h3>
                   1001:
                   1002: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1003: <li>
1.20      tj       1004: If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install61.iso</i> or
                   1005: <i>cd61.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
                   1006: You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
1.1       deraadt  1007: <p>
                   1008: <li>
1.11      tb       1009: If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install61.fs</i> or
                   1010: <i>miniroot61.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
1.1       deraadt  1011: <p>
                   1012: <li>
                   1013: If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
                   1014: you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
                   1015: INSTALL.amd64 document.
                   1016: <p>
                   1017: <li>
                   1018: If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
                   1019: read INSTALL.amd64.
1.54      jsg      1020: </ul>
                   1021:
                   1022: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/arm64:</font></h3>
                   1023:
                   1024: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1025: <li>
                   1026: Write <i>miniroot61.fs</i> to a disk and boot from it after connecting
                   1027: to the serial console.  Refer to INSTALL.arm64 for more details.
                   1028: <p>
1.1       deraadt  1029: </ul>
                   1030:
1.41      tb       1031: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/armv7:</font></h3>
1.1       deraadt  1032:
                   1033: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1034: <li>
1.41      tb       1035: Write a system specific miniroot to an SD card and boot from it after connecting
                   1036: to the serial console.  Refer to INSTALL.armv7 for more details.
1.1       deraadt  1037: <p>
                   1038: </ul>
                   1039:
1.41      tb       1040: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/hppa:</font></h3>
1.1       deraadt  1041:
                   1042: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1043: <li>
1.41      tb       1044: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
                   1045: <a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
1.1       deraadt  1046: </ul>
                   1047:
1.41      tb       1048: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/i386:</font></h3>
1.1       deraadt  1049:
                   1050: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1051: <li>
1.41      tb       1052: If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install61.iso</i> or
                   1053: <i>cd61.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
                   1054: You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
1.1       deraadt  1055: <p>
                   1056: <li>
1.41      tb       1057: If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install61.fs</i> or
                   1058: <i>miniroot61.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
                   1059: <p>
1.1       deraadt  1060: <li>
1.41      tb       1061: If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
                   1062: you can install across the network using PXE as described in
                   1063: the included INSTALL.i386 document.
1.1       deraadt  1064: <p>
                   1065: <li>
1.41      tb       1066: If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
                   1067: read INSTALL.i386.
1.1       deraadt  1068: </ul>
                   1069:
                   1070: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/landisk:</font></h3>
                   1071:
                   1072: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1073: <li>
1.11      tb       1074: Write <i>miniroot61.fs</i> to the start of the CF
1.1       deraadt  1075: or disk, and boot normally.
                   1076: </ul>
                   1077:
                   1078: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/loongson:</font></h3>
                   1079:
                   1080: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1081: <li>
1.11      tb       1082: Write <i>miniroot61.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
1.1       deraadt  1083: or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
                   1084: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
                   1085: </ul>
                   1086:
                   1087: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/luna88k:</font></h3>
                   1088:
                   1089: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1090: <li>
                   1091: Copy `boot' and `bsd.rd' to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot the bootloader
                   1092: from the PROM, and then bsd.rd from the bootloader.
                   1093: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.
                   1094: </ul>
                   1095:
1.41      tb       1096: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/macppc:</font></h3>
                   1097:
                   1098: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1099: <li>
                   1100: Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, and power on your machine
                   1101: while holding down the <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and
                   1102: shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
                   1103: <p>
                   1104: <li>
                   1105: Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
                   1106: /6.1/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
                   1107: </ul>
                   1108:
1.1       deraadt  1109: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/octeon:</font></h3>
                   1110:
                   1111: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1112: <li>
                   1113: After connecting a serial port, boot bsd.rd over the network via DHCP/tftp.
                   1114: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.octeon for more details.
                   1115: </ul>
                   1116:
                   1117: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sgi:</font></h3>
                   1118:
                   1119: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1120: <li>
1.11      tb       1121: To install, burn cd61.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
1.1       deraadt  1122: machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
                   1123: menu. Indigo/Indy/Indigo2 (R4000) systems will not boot automatically from
                   1124: CD-ROM, and need a proper invocation from the PROM prompt.
                   1125: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
                   1126:
                   1127: <p>
                   1128: <li>
                   1129: If your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can setup a DHCP/tftp network
                   1130: server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using the kernel matching your
                   1131: system type. Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
1.41      tb       1132: </ul>
                   1133:
                   1134: <h3><font color="#e00000">OpenBSD/sparc64:</font></h3>
                   1135:
                   1136: <ul style="list-style-type: none">
                   1137: <li>
                   1138: Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, boot from it, and type
                   1139: <i>boot cdrom</i>.
                   1140: <p>
                   1141: <li>
                   1142: If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
                   1143: <i>floppy61.fs</i> or <i>floppyB61.fs</i>
                   1144: (depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
                   1145: floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
                   1146: <p>
                   1147: <li>
                   1148: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
                   1149: will most likely fail.
                   1150: <p>
                   1151: <li>
                   1152: You can also write <i>miniroot61.fs</i> to the swap partition on
                   1153: the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
                   1154: <p>
                   1155: <li>
                   1156: If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
1.1       deraadt  1157: </ul>
                   1158:
                   1159: <hr>
                   1160:
                   1161: <h3 id="upgrade"><font color="#0000e0">How to upgrade</font></h3>
                   1162:
1.11      tb       1163: If you already have an OpenBSD 6.0 system, and do not want to reinstall,
1.1       deraadt  1164: upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
1.11      tb       1165: <a href="faq/upgrade61.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
1.1       deraadt  1166: <p>
                   1167:
                   1168: <hr>
                   1169:
                   1170: <h3 id="sourcecode"><font color="#0000e0">Notes about the source code</font></h3>
                   1171:
                   1172: <tt>src.tar.gz</tt> contains a source archive starting at <tt>/usr/src</tt>.
                   1173: This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources,
                   1174: which are in a separate archive.
                   1175: To extract:
                   1176:
                   1177: <blockquote><pre>
                   1178: # <b>mkdir -p /usr/src</b>
                   1179: # <b>cd /usr/src</b>
                   1180: # <b>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</b>
                   1181: </pre></blockquote>
                   1182:
                   1183: <tt>sys.tar.gz</tt> contains a source archive starting at <tt>/usr/src/sys</tt>.
                   1184: This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
                   1185: To extract:
                   1186:
                   1187: <blockquote><pre>
                   1188: # <b>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</b>
                   1189: # <b>cd /usr/src</b>
                   1190: # <b>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</b>
                   1191: </pre></blockquote>
                   1192:
                   1193: Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.  Using these trees it
                   1194: is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
                   1195: described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
                   1196: Using these files
                   1197: results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
                   1198: a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
                   1199: <p>
                   1200:
                   1201: <hr>
                   1202:
                   1203: <h3 id="ports"><font color="#0000e0">Ports Tree</font></h3>
                   1204:
                   1205: A ports tree archive is also provided.  To extract:
                   1206:
                   1207: <blockquote><pre>
                   1208: # <b>cd /usr</b>
                   1209: # <b>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</b>
                   1210: </pre></blockquote>
                   1211:
                   1212: Go read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
                   1213: if you know nothing about ports
                   1214: at this point.  This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
                   1215: Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
                   1216: OpenBSD ports system.
                   1217: <p>
                   1218: The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS checkout of our ports.
                   1219: As with our complete source tree, our ports tree is available via
                   1220: <a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>.
                   1221: So, in order to keep up to date with the <i>-stable</i> branch, you must make
                   1222: the <i>ports/</i> tree available on a read-write medium and update the tree
                   1223: with a command like:
                   1224:
                   1225: <blockquote><pre>
                   1226: # <b>cd /usr/ports</b>
                   1227: # <b>cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_6_1</b>
                   1228: </pre></blockquote>
                   1229:
                   1230: [Of course, you must replace the server name here with a nearby anoncvs
                   1231: server.]
                   1232: <p>
                   1233: Note that most ports are available as packages on our mirrors. Updated
                   1234: ports for the 6.1 release will be made available if problems arise.
                   1235: <p>
                   1236: If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
                   1237: would like to know more, the mailing list
                   1238: <a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
                   1239: <p>
                   1240: </body>
                   1241: </html>