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1.1       deraadt     1: <!doctype html>
                      2: <html lang=en id=release>
                      3: <meta charset=utf-8>
                      4:
                      5: <title>OpenBSD 6.9</title>
                      6: <meta name="description" content="OpenBSD 6.9">
                      7: <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
                      8: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="openbsd.css">
                      9: <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.openbsd.org/69.html">
                     10:
                     11: <h2 id=OpenBSD>
                     12: <a href="index.html">
                     13: <i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
                     14: 6.9
                     15: </h2>
                     16:
                     17: <table>
                     18: <tr>
                     19: <td>
                     20: <a href="images/XXX.png">
                     21: <img width="227" height="303" src="images/XXX-s.gif" alt="XXX"></a>
                     22: <td>
1.2       kn         23: Released May 1, 2021.<br>
                     24: Copyright 1997-2021, Theo de Raadt.<br>
1.1       deraadt    25: <br>
                     26: 6.9 Song:
                     27: <a href="lyrics.html#69">"XXX"</a>.
                     28: <br>
1.7       job        29: Artwork by Joy San.
1.1       deraadt    30: <br>
                     31: <ul>
                     32: <li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
                     33:     a list of mirror machines.
                     34: <li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/6.9/</code> directory on
                     35:     one of the mirror sites.
                     36: <li>Have a look at <a href="errata69.html">the 6.9 errata page</a> for a list
                     37:     of bugs and workarounds.
                     38: <li>See a <a href="plus69.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
                     39:     6.8 and 6.9 releases.
                     40: <p>
                     41: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>
                     42:     pubkeys for this release:<p>
                     43:
                     44: <table class=signify>
                     45: <tr><td>
                     46: openbsd-69-base.pub:
                     47: <td>
                     48: <a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/openbsd-69-base.pub">
                     49: RWQZj25CSG5R2oLo5735Hh6C48kkjFsj5rJDjW+fGZwyY+BkD5/zps8f</a>
                     50: <tr><td>
                     51: openbsd-69-fw.pub:
                     52: <td>
                     53: RWSYx4htNi/zavF8ZToMBDFz2xymRfFnnR1MEKV9csYbvnrTBwdkXhdy
                     54: <tr><td>
                     55: openbsd-69-pkg.pub:
                     56: <td>
                     57: RWQlDXyHx5KlPoEiz4yWRK/Gt/rvPwI8KEAt3utge/dBS7R+EscdzA5K
                     58: <tr><td>
                     59: openbsd-69-syspatch.pub:
                     60: <td>
                     61: RWRWuHkSV0U8PUX24vGa3ywrvKNQY6llV3PLvKEzDTiTVPfIRaXPfvzR
                     62: </table>
                     63: </ul>
                     64: <p>
                     65: All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
                     66: sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
                     67: files fetched via <code>ports.tar.gz</code>.
                     68: </table>
                     69:
                     70: <hr>
                     71:
                     72: <section id=new>
                     73: <h3>What's New</h3>
                     74: <p>
                     75: This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 6.9.
                     76: For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus69.html">changelog</a> leading
                     77: to 6.9.
                     78:
                     79: <ul>
                     80:
                     81: <li>New/extended platforms:
                     82:   <ul>
1.3       benno      83:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/astfb.4">astfb(4)</a>, a
                     84:                driver for the framebuffer of the Aspeed BMC found on many POWER8 and
                     85:                POWER9 systems.
                     86:        <li>Added bsd.mp to powerpc64's installXX.{img,iso}.
                     87:        <li>Added RETGUARD implementation for powerpc and powerpc64.
                     88:        <li>Added powerpc64 retguard macros for setjmp/longjmp.
                     89:        <li>Added retguard macros to powerpc64 locore functions.
                     90:        <li>Added a workaround for PCIO devices that cannot address the full
                     91:                64-bit PCI address space to powerpc64. Needed for <a
                     92:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/radeondrm.4">radeondrm(4)</a> and <a
                     93:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/amdgpu.4">amdgpu(4)</a> since Radeon
                     94:                GPUs only implement 36, 40, or 44 bits of address space.
                     95:        <li>Added limited emulation of unaligned access in the powerpc64 kernel.
                     96:        <li>Changed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/astfb.4">astfb(4)</a> to
                     97:                allow it to become the console on powerpc64.
                     98:        <li>Added support for passing a bootmac command line argument to
                     99:                RAMDISK on powerpc64.
1.5       benno     100:        <li>Fixed booting on powerpc64 machines with memory banks higher in
                    101:                physical address space, needing a larger TCE table.
                    102:        <li>Introduced power-saving mode on POWER9 (ISA v3).
1.9       benno     103:        <li>Enabled floating-point exceptions on powerpc64.
1.10      benno     104:        <li>Added support for <a
                    105:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ipmi.4">ipmi(4)</a> on PowerNV systems.
                    106:
                    107: <!-- ARM64 on Apple M1 -->
                    108:        <li>Recognized Apple Icestorm cores on arm64.
                    109:        <li>Added basic support for BCM4379, found on the Apple M1 SoCs, to
                    110:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a>.
                    111:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/exuart.4">exuart(4)</a>
                    112:                support for hte UART found on the Apple M1 SoC.
                    113:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apldog.4">apldog(4)</a>, a
                    114:                driver for the watchdog on Apple M1 SoCs, allowing reboot of the
                    115:                machine.
                    116:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplintc.4">aplintc(4)</a>,
                    117:                a driver for the interrupt controller found on Apple M1 SoCs.
                    118:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplpcie.4">aplpcie(4)</a>,
                    119:                a driver for the PCIe host bridge on Apple M1 SoCs.
                    120:        <li>Increased RX buffers available to the <a
                    121:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a> chip to 256,
                    122:                allowing use of the Apple M1's wifi.
                    123:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apldart.4">apldart(4)</a>,
                    124:                a driver for the IOMMU on Apple M1 SoCs.
                    125:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smmu.4">smmu(4)</a>, a
                    126:                driver for the ARM System MMU.
1.9       benno     127:
                    128:
                    129:
                    130: <!-- loongson -->
                    131:        <li>Made loongson kernels recognize Lynloong LM9002/9003 and LM9013.
                    132:        <li>Use native display resolution 1368x768 for Lynloong all-in-one computers.
                    133:
                    134:        <li>Disabled base-gcc on loongson and octeon.
1.3       benno     135:
                    136:
1.1       deraadt   137:   </ul>
                    138:
                    139: <li>Improvements to time measurements, mostly in the kernel:
                    140:   <ul>
1.9       benno     141:        <li>Changed the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pool.9">pool(9)</a> timeouts to use the system uptime instead of ticks.
                    142:
                    143:        <li>Ensured <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sleep.3">sleep(3)</a>
                    144:                calls <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/nanosleep.2">nanosleep(2)</a>
                    145:                if seconds is zero, now delegating all decisions about whether or not
                    146:                to yield the CPU.
                    147:
1.1       deraadt   148:   </ul>
                    149:
                    150: <li>Various kernel improvements:
                    151:   <ul>
1.5       benno     152:        <li>Added basic support for kclock timeouts to <a
                    153:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/timeout.9">timeout(9)</a>.
                    154:        <li>Added a top-level 'reboot' command to <a
                    155:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ddb.4">ddb(4)</a>.
                    156:        <li>Fixed the "entry point at 0x10010000" hang reported on amd64
                    157:                machines by using a 64MB block to load the kernel.
                    158:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/witness.4">witness(4)</a>
                    159:                check for uninitialized (or zeroed) lock usage.
                    160:        <li>Added fd close notification for kqueue-based <a
                    161:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/poll.2">poll(2)</a> and <a
                    162:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/select.2">select(2)</a>.
                    163:        <li>Added a global "nowake" channel for threads avoiding <a
                    164:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/wakeup.9">wakeup(9)</a> to <a
                    165:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tsleep.9">tsleep(9)</a>.
                    166:        <li>Corrected accounting of zero length Transfer Descriptors in <a
                    167:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/xhci.4">xhci(4)</a>, preventing running
                    168:                out of free Transfer Ring Blocks.
                    169:        <li>Used per-CPU counter for fault and stats counters reached in uvm_fault().
                    170:        <li>Introduced kern.video.record for <a
                    171:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/video.4">video(4)</a> devices, an analog
                    172:                to the kern.audio.record <a
                    173:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysctl.8">sysctl(8)</a> parameter for <a
                    174:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/audio.4">audio(4)</a> devices. By
                    175:                default, kern.video.record will be set to zero and blank all data
                    176:                delivered by drivers attaching to <a
                    177:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/video.4">video(4)</a>.
1.9       benno     178:        <li>Allowed a process to open a <a
                    179:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/video.4">video(4)</a> device multiple
                    180:                times. Fixes webcam usage with Firefox and BigBlueButton.
1.10      benno     181:        <li>Enabled multiple opens of a <a
                    182:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/video.4">video(4)</a> device as
                    183:                described in the V4L2 specification.
1.5       benno     184:        <li>Added trace points for <a
                    185:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/malloc.9">malloc(9)</a> and <a
                    186:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/free.9">free(9)</a>, making them
                    187:                traceabe via <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dt.4">dt(4)</a> and <a
                    188:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/btrace.8">btrace(8)</a>.
1.9       benno     189:        <li>Fixed a boot-time crash on sparc64 due to mutex use during the
                    190:                message buffer initialization.
                    191:        <li>Prevented a panic in some acpi firmware that provided invalid
                    192:                memory regions in their reserved memory region reporting table.
                    193:        <li>Disabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/com.4">com(4)</a> on
                    194:                sparc64 for m3000s. Console i/o should fall back to ofw routines.
                    195:
1.10      benno     196:        <li>In softraid(4), added the RAID1C (raid1 + crypto) <a
                    197:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> discipline,
                    198:                encrypting data like the CRYPTO discipline and accepting multiple
                    199:                chunks during creation and assembly like the RAID1 discipline.
                    200:        <li>Corrected raidlevel verification specified by the -c option in <a
                    201:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bioctl.8">bioctl(8)</a>.
                    202:
                    203:        <li>Added a barrier between reading the cqe flags and the command ID
                    204:                to prevent completion of the wrong scsi io for <a
                    205:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/nvme.4">nvme(4)</a> drives.
                    206:        <li>Prevent <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/nvme.4">nvme(4)</a>
                    207:                attachment to devices with size zero.
1.9       benno     208:        <li>Introduced new function <a
                    209:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/if_unit.9">if_unit(9)</a>, returning a
                    210:                pointer to the interface descriptor corresponding to the unique name.
1.10      benno     211:        <li>Clear interrupts on luna88k processors more efficiently at boot
                    212:                time.
                    213:        <li>Added <a
                    214:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/acpiiort.4">acpiiort(4)</a>, a driver
                    215:                for the ACPI I/O Remapping Table.
1.5       benno     216:
1.3       benno     217:
                    218: <!-- SMP -->
                    219: <li>Introduced "if_cloners_lock" rwlock and used it to serialize if_clone_{create,destroy}(), avoiding multiple race conditions.
                    220: <li>Introduced a system-wide mutex that serializes msgbuf operations.
1.5       benno     221: <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uvm_pagealloc.9">uvm_pagealloc(9)</a> of the physical memory allocator mp-safe.
1.9       benno     222: <li>Unlocked <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getppid.2">getppid(2)</a>.
                    223: <li>Introduced locking for amaps and anons, improving build performance.
1.10      benno     224: <li>Moved UNIX domain sockets out of the kernel lock, using the new "unp_lock" <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rwlock.9">rwlock(9)</a> as solock()'s backend to protect the whole layer.
                    225:
1.3       benno     226:
                    227: <!-- DRM -->
                    228: <li>Implemented linux interval tree functions for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/drm.4">drm(4)</a>.
                    229: <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/wsconsctl.8">wsconsctl(8)</a> display commands when using <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/drm.4">drm(4)</a> drivers on macppc.
                    230: <li>Changed from <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rwlock.9">rwlock(9)</a> to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mutex.9">mutex(9)</a> for linux rwlocks.
                    231: <li>Fixed a panic associated with locks and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/drm.4">drm(4)</a> on macppc with Powerbook5,6 and RV350.
                    232: <li>Revised the initialization of the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/drm.4">drm(4)</a> Linux emulation layer to call it only when the first drm instance attaches.
1.5       benno     233: <li>Fixed DRI3 support on <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/amdgpu.4">amdgpu(4)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ati.4">ati(4)</a>.
1.10      benno     234: <li>Created /dev/ drm nodes with the same names as linux to simplify libdrm and negate the need for certain ports patches.
                    235:
                    236:
                    237: <!-- VMM -->
                    238:
                    239:        <li>Prevented memory corruption or improper page access in <a
                    240:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a> due to improper TLB
                    241:                flushing for now by wiring the pages used by virtual machines.
1.3       benno     242:
                    243:
1.1       deraadt   244:   </ul>
                    245:
                    246: <li>Various new userland features:
                    247:   <ul>
1.3       benno     248:        <li>Added <a
                    249:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/doas.conf.5">doas.conf(5)</a> "nolog"
                    250:                option to avoid <a
                    251:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/syslog.3">syslog(3)</a>.
                    252:        <li>Allowed specific <a
                    253:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndio.7">sndio(7)</a> devices to be used
                    254:                for play-only and rec-only modes.
1.9       benno     255:        <li>Use an 8th order FIR low-pass filter for resampling in <a
                    256:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a> and for <a
                    257:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/aucat.1">aucat(1)</a>, removing most of
                    258:                the aliasing noise during resampling.
1.10      benno     259:        <li>Disabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a>
                    260:                autovolume by default and set the default volume to 127. Setting "-w
                    261:                on" will replicate the previous behavior of automatically decreasing
                    262:                playback volume when new programs start playing.
                    263:        <li>Allowed mixing of alternative devices (-F) with different
                    264:                capabilities in <a
                    265:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a> by treating any
                    266:                device as full-duplex.
                    267:        <li>Enabled build and install of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/lldb.1">lldb(1)</a>.
                    268:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/logger.1">logger(1)</a>
                    269:                support to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rcctl.8">rcctl(8)</a>, <a
                    270:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.subr.8">rc.subr(8)</a> and <a
                    271:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.d.8">rc.d(8)</a> for daemons logging
                    272:                to stdout/stderr.
                    273:
                    274:
                    275: <!-- XXX own heading and introductory text ? -->
                    276:        <li>Introduced <a
                    277:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpleased.8">dhcpleased(8)</a>, a dhcp
                    278:                daemon to acquire IPv4 address leases from servers.
                    279:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolvd.8">resolvd(8)</a>,
                    280:                a daemon to rewrite <a
                    281:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolv.conf.5">resolv.conf(5)</a>.
                    282:
                    283:
                    284:
1.3       benno     285:
1.1       deraadt   286:   </ul>
                    287:
                    288: <li>Various bugfixes and tweaks in userland:
                    289:   <ul>
1.3       benno     290:        <li>Fixed a pledge violation in <a
                    291:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/csh.1">csh(1)</a> where redirecting
                    292:                input from a file containing ^T would cause csh(1) to perform a tty
                    293:                ioctl operation against a non-tty.
                    294:        <li>Prevented a crash due to <a
                    295:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> listening on port
                    296:                443 with missing TLS certificates.
                    297:        <li>Stopped exempting file systems from <a
                    298:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/security.8">security(8)</a> on the basis
                    299:                of nodev and nosuid options, which may not be used for file systems
                    300:                mounted beneath.
                    301:        <li>Modified <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/daily.8">daily(8)</a>
                    302:                to stop reporting disk status and networking statistics.
                    303:        <li>Made <a
                    304:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysupgrade.8">sysupgrade(8)</a> specify
                    305:                a version when it uses <a
                    306:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fw_update.1">fw_update(1)</a> to avoid
                    307:                the situation where upgrading a pre-6.8 snapshot to 6.8 release with
                    308:                "-r" would install firmware packages from snapshots.
                    309:        <li>Increased speed of the dependency check pass for <a
                    310:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a>.
                    311:
                    312:        <li>Prevented process exit in multithreaded programs from reporting
                    313:                the wrong error code.
                    314:
1.5       benno     315:        <li>Allowed booting of amd64/i386 from 4TB GPT formatted disks.
                    316:
                    317:        <li>When using the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cat.1">cat(1)</a>
                    318:                -n flag, correctly enumerate files with more than INT_MAX lines.
                    319:        <li>Fixed a memory leak in ld.so's malloc.
1.9       benno     320:        <li>Added a "xenodm" login class for <a
                    321:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/xenodm.1">xenodm(1)</a> and increased
                    322:                openfiles to 512 to avoid running out of file descriptors with a busy
                    323:                desktop.
                    324:        <li>Fixed -s option for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cmp.1">cmp(1)</a>.
                    325:        <li>Improve pledge in <a
                    326:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/doas.1">doas(1)</a>, specifically added
                    327:                pledge to the "-C" code path.
1.6       otto      328:        <li>Inproved performance of <a
                    329:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/malloc.3">malloc(3)</a>'s cache.
1.10      benno     330:        <li>Made editing GPT in <a
                    331:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> safer by
                    332:                defaulting offset to the beginning of the largest free space and
                    333:                preventing the creation of overlapping partitions.
                    334:        <li>Fixed a crash that could occur in <a
                    335:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a> when a usb
                    336:                device is unplugged.
                    337:        <li>Append .html suffixes to temporary files in <a
                    338:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mandoc.1">mandoc(1)</a> to allow
                    339:                recognition by browsers.
                    340:        <li>Allow specification of a path to the <a
                    341:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mg.1">mg(1)</a> startup file on the
                    342:                command line.
                    343:
                    344:
1.1       deraadt   345:   </ul>
                    346:
                    347: <li>Improved hardware support and driver bugfixes, including:
                    348:   <ul>
1.3       benno     349:
                    350:        <li>Moved mfokclock(4) from loongson to make it available for other
                    351:                platforms and renamed it to <a
                    352:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mfokrtc.4">mfokrtc(4)</a>.
                    353:        <li>Fixed brightness setting on MacBooks.
                    354:        <li>Added AMD Vi and Intel VTD IOMMU support. This creates separate
                    355:                domains for each PCI device and can provide protection against invalid
                    356:                memory access.
                    357:        <li>Enabled brightness keys on powerbooks where the keyboard attaches
                    358:                as <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ukbd.4">ukbd(4)</a>.
                    359:        <li>Set initial default display brightness on macppc via
                    360:                of_setbrightness() to ensure <a
                    361:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/wscons.4">wscons(4)</a> and ofw are in
                    362:                sync.
                    363:        <li>Added the ClearFog GT 8K to <a
                    364:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvclock.4">mvclock(4)</a>.
                    365:        <li>Added support for the PL2303HXN series chips to <a
                    366:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/uplcom.4">uplcom(4)</a>.
                    367:        <li>Added support for the PCA9547 I2C mux to <a
                    368:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pcamux.4">pcamux(4)</a>.
                    369:        <li>Extended <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pcamux.4">pcamux(4)</a>
                    370:                with ACPI support.
                    371:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acpige.4">acpige(4)</a>, a
                    372:                driver for ACPI generic event devices, used on te HoneyComb LX2K to
                    373:                implement power button handling.
                    374:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pchgpio.4">pchgpio(4)</a>,
                    375:                a driver for the GPIO controllers found on modern Intel PCHs.
                    376:        <li>Added ACPI support to <a
                    377:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/imxiic.4">imxiic(4)</a>.
                    378:        <li>Fixed panics on the HoneyComb LX2K with <a
                    379:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/amdgpu.4">amdgpu(4)</a>.
                    380:        <li>Fixed very old <a
                    381:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/umass.4">umass(4)</a> devices where the
                    382:                INQUIRY command succeeds but with a residue equal to the requested
                    383:                bytes.
1.5       benno     384:        <li>Added Gemini Lake I2C id to <a
                    385:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwiic.4">dwiic(4)</a>, making the
                    386:                touchpad work on the Teclast F7 Plus laptop.
1.10      benno     387:        <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ujoy.4">ujoy(4)</a>, a
                    388:                restricted subset of <a
                    389:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/uhid.4">uhid(4)</a> for game controllers
                    390:                which uses /dev/ujoy/* device nodes.
                    391:        <li>Set up <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ims.4">ims(4)</a> devices
                    392:                in X11 to behave like touchpads.
                    393:        <li>Stopped relying on USB devices to correctly present their
                    394:                indices, instead searching for the correct interfaces. This fixes E+
                    395:                Corp. DAC Audio devices.
                    396:        <li>Introduced <a
                    397:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/uhidpp.4">uhidpp(4)</a>, a driver for
                    398:                Logitech HID++ devices.
                    399:
                    400:
1.3       benno     401:
                    402: <!-- ARM64 -->
                    403:        <li>Optimized arm64 <a
                    404:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/copyin.9">copyin(9)</a>, <a
                    405:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/copyout.9">copyout(9)</a> and <a
                    406:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/kcopy.9">kcopy(9)</a> by doing 16-byte
                    407:                copies if possible.
                    408:        <li>Added recognition of Cortex-A78AE, Cortex-X1 and Neoverse V1 arm64 CPUs.
                    409:        <li>Added clock support for i.MX8MP.
                    410:        <li>Added support for the VF610 I2C controller to <a
                    411:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/imxiic.4">imxiic(4)</a>.
                    412:        <li>Fixed a panic seen with mbuf chains on arm64.
1.5       benno     413:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwgpio.4">dwgpio(4)</a>, a
                    414:                driver for the Synopsys DesignWare GPIO controller.
                    415:        <li>Added "amlogic,meson-g12a-dwmac" to <a
                    416:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwge.4">dwge(4)</a>.
                    417:        <li>Added <a
                    418:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/amlpinctrl.4">amlpinctrl(4)</a> support
                    419:                for the "Always On" GPIOs.
                    420:        <li>Added PCIe clocks to <a
                    421:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/amlclock.4">amlclock(4)</a>.
                    422:        <li>Made large read and write transactions work in <a
                    423:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/amliic.4">amliic(4)</a>.
1.9       benno     424:        <li>Added PCIe support to <a
                    425:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/amlpciephy.4">amlpciephy(4)</a>.
                    426:        <li>Added support to <a
                    427:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwpcie.4">dwpcie(4)</a> for the PCIe
                    428:                controller found on Amlogic G12A/G12B/SM1 SoCs.
                    429:        <li>Implemented intx support in <a
                    430:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvkpcie.4">mvkpcie(4)</a>.
1.10      benno     431:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cryptox.4">cryptox(4)</a>,
                    432:                a driver for armv8 cryptographic extensions.
                    433:        <li>Added support for PCIe on the NanoPi R4S to <a
                    434:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rkpcie.4">rkpcie(4)</a>.
1.3       benno     435:
                    436:
1.1       deraadt   437:   </ul>
                    438:
                    439: <li>New or improved network hardware support:
                    440:   <ul>
1.3       benno     441:        <li>Fixed link state change behavior in 82598 <a
                    442:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ix.4">ix(4)</a> chips.
                    443:        <li>Fixed issues with network stopping after the first down/up cycle
                    444:                in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvpp.4">mvpp(4)</a> Marvel Armada
                    445:                Ethernet device.
                    446:        <li>Added SFP+ support to ofw, including support for direct attach cables.
                    447:        <li>Added 10G media support to <a
                    448:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvpp.4">mvpp(4)</a>.
                    449:        <li>Added support for 1000base-x and 2500base-x connections to <a
                    450:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvneta.4">mvneta(4)</a>.
                    451:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvsw.4">mvsw(4)</a>, a
                    452:                driver for Marvel "SOHO" switches.
                    453:
1.5       benno     454:        <li>Enabled auto-negotiation on the SerDes links, allowing
                    455:                in-band-status to work between <a
                    456:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvpp.4">mvpp(4)</a> and <a
                    457:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvsw.4">mvsw(4)</a> on the ClearFog GT
                    458:                8K.
                    459:        <li>Added support for the i.MX8MP PCIe clocks, USB clocks and second
                    460:                ethernet.
                    461:        <li>Added Wake on LAN support to <a
                    462:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rge.4">rge(4)</a>.
                    463:        <li>Enabled IPv4 and TCP/UDP checksum offload on transmission in <a
                    464:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ogx.4">ogx(4)</a>.
1.10      benno     465:        <li>Raised the maximum number of queues/interrupts from 1 to 16 on <a
                    466:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mcx.4">mcx(4)</a> devices.
                    467:        <li>Added support for the Netgear ProSecure UTM25 to octeon.
1.5       benno     468:
                    469:
1.1       deraadt   470:   </ul>
                    471:
                    472: <li>Added or improved wireless network drivers:
                    473:   <ul>
1.3       benno     474:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a> in
                    475:                client mode against APs that use WPA1/TKIP as the group cipher.
                    476:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/urtwn.4">urtwn(4)</a>
                    477:                against access points using WPA1/TKIP as the group cipher.
                    478:        <li>Added multicast support to <a
                    479:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a> to allow IPv6.
                    480:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/urtwn.4">urtwn(4)</a>
                    481:                repeated DEAUTH and loss/restoration of link.
1.5       benno     482:        <li>Introduced a delay to work around an issue in <a
                    483:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a> on the BCM43602 that
                    484:                was triggering "unexpected pairwise key update" errors.
1.9       benno     485:        <li>Enabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a> for arm64.
1.10      benno     486:        <li>Added support for version 7 of the <a
                    487:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a> PCIe interface.
1.3       benno     488:
1.1       deraadt   489:   </ul>
                    490:
                    491: <li>IEEE 802.11 wireless stack improvements and bugfixes:
                    492:   <ul>
1.5       benno     493:        <li>Fixed the calculation of "maxlen" in <a
                    494:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> and <a
                    495:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> when there are
                    496:                multiple MPDUs in one packet.
                    497:        <li>Fixed 802.11 RSN capabilities announced to peers.
                    498:        <li>Flushed the reorder buffer after gap timeout to prevent frames
                    499:                from remaining in the buffer until the next frame is received.
                    500:        <li>Avoided spurious "input packet decapsulations failed" errors in
                    501:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/netstat.1">netstat(1)</a> -W with
                    502:                A-MSDU enabled.
                    503:
                    504:
1.1       deraadt   505:   </ul>
                    506:
                    507: <li>Generic network stack improvements and bugfixes:
                    508:   <ul>
1.3       benno     509:        <li>Prevented kernel reuse of mbuf memory when generating the ICMP6
                    510:                response to an IPv6 packet.
                    511:        <li>Added the ability to force the selection of source IP address for
                    512:                programs that do not specify a source IP, configurable via <a
                    513:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/route.8">route(8)</a>.
                    514:        <li>For IPv6 addresses, added tracking of address proposal creation
                    515:                times to be able to establish total lifetime. This information is used
                    516:                to renew pltime/vltime of privacy addresse per RFC 4941.
                    517:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/wg.4">wg(4)</a> on macppc
                    518:                by keeping track of allowed ips pointer correctly.
1.10      benno     519:        <li>Use the toeplitz hash algorithm to a flowid for tcp packets,
                    520:                which in turn is used to choose the tx ring on network cards with
                    521:                multiple rings.
                    522:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/wg.4">wg(4)</a> ioctl to
                    523:                handle multiple wgpeers.
                    524:        <li>Removed the direct ACK on every other data segment. After
                    525:                receiving a data segment, we were sending out two ACKs, the first one
                    526:                in tcp_input() direct after receiving and the second ACK after the
                    527:                userland or the sosplice task read some data out of the socket buffer.
                    528:                This change removes the ACK in tcp_input(), saving processing time and
                    529:                improving network performance.
                    530:        <li>Removed the maxburst feature from tcp_output().
                    531:        <li>Added a MONITOR feature to interfaces. Packets received on these
                    532:                interfaces do not enter the network stack for further processing. This
                    533:                can be used to watch traffic, for example with <a
                    534:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bpf.4">bpf(4)</a> without risk of the packets
                    535:                interfering with the system.
                    536:
                    537:        <li>Added etherbridge, the internals of a reusable learning bridge
                    538:                interface providing common code reusable for other drivers needing a
                    539:                mac learning bridge.
                    540:        <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/veb.4">veb(4)</a>, a
                    541:                Virtual Ethernet Bridge driver.
                    542:        <li>Added support for adding and deleting mac addr entries on <a
                    543:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/nvgre.4">nvgre(4)</a>.
                    544:        <li>Added support for adding and deleting address table entries to <a
                    545:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bpe.4">bpe(4)</a>, <a
                    546:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/veb.4">veb(4)</a> and etherbridge.
                    547:
                    548:
1.3       benno     549:
                    550:
1.1       deraadt   551:   </ul>
                    552:
                    553: <li>Installer improvements:
                    554:   <ul>
1.5       benno     555:        <li>Prevented a race in <a
                    556:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a> privsep
                    557:                which could cause autoinstall to fail by calling <a
                    558:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ftp.1">ftp(1)</a> without a local
                    559:                address.
                    560:        <li>Fixed hangs on amd64 bsd.rd due to misreported core clock
                    561:                frequency on newer Intel Comet Lake models.
1.9       benno     562:        <li>Began distributing the gzip'd version of bsd.rd on all platforms with boot methods supporting it.
1.5       benno     563:
1.1       deraadt   564:  </ul>
                    565:
                    566: <li>Security improvements:
                    567:   <ul>
1.3       benno     568:        <li>Added notices to syslog whenever the "%n" format string component of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/printf.3">printf(3)</a> is used.
1.1       deraadt   569:   </ul>
                    570:
                    571: <li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
                    572:   <ul>
1.3       benno     573: <!-- BGP -->
                    574:        <li>Fixed a memory leak when parsing <a
                    575:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a> roa-set lists.
                    576:        <li>Stopped allowing configuration of the same neighbor multiple
                    577:                times in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>.
1.5       benno     578:        <li>When exporting prefixes from multiple sessions in <a
                    579:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a> into the same <a
                    580:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> table, now prefixes are
                    581:                only removed from the table when withdrawn from all sessions that
                    582:                announced them.
                    583:        <li>Introduced a send hold timer in <a
                    584:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a> to detect stalls on
                    585:                the sending side of a TCP connection, acting as a last resort to
                    586:                detect faulty peers.
                    587:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpctl.8">bgpctl(8)</a>
                    588:                "show sets" to display information about the roa-set, as-sets and
                    589:                prefix-sets loaded into <a
                    590:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>.
1.10      benno     591:        <li>Introduced the <a
                    592:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.conf.5">bgpd.conf(5)</a> per
                    593:                neighbor and global config option "reject as-set yes/no" to allow
                    594:                rejection of received UPDATES with AS_SET segments. These rejected
                    595:                prefixes can be viewed with <a
                    596:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpctl.8">bgpctl(8)</a> "show rib in
                    597:                error".
                    598:        <li>Properly implemented "rde med compare strict" in <a
                    599:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a> and ensured that the
                    600:                order of prefixes is always correct.
                    601:        <li>Added RTR support to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">OpenBGPD</a>.
                    602:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpctl.8">bgpctl(8)</a>
                    603:                "show rtr" to display basic information about RTR sessions.
                    604:        <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>
                    605:                <code>rde evaluate all</code> to work around path hiding in IXP
                    606:                route-server environments.
                    607:
                    608:
1.5       benno     609:
1.9       benno     610:        <li>Allowed use of <a
                    611:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a> on interfaces that
                    612:                share the same IP.
1.5       benno     613:
1.3       benno     614: <!-- HTTPD -->
                    615:        <li>Created a new "location (found|notfound)" option for <a
                    616:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.conf.5">httpd.conf(5)</a> to allow
                    617:                testing for resource path existence.
                    618:        <li>Added a directive to <a
                    619:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> to check if a path
                    620:                is accessible.
                    621:        <li>Fixed detection of duplicate locations in <a
                    622:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>.
1.9       benno     623:        <li>Fixed the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>
                    624:                example configuration not to generate errors when running without TLS
                    625:                keys already in place.
                    626:
                    627:
1.3       benno     628:
                    629:
                    630: <!-- IKE/IPSEC -->
                    631:        <li>Added support to request IP addresses as IKEv2 initiator to <a
                    632:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>. If 'request addr
                    633:                0.0.0.0' is configured, any address will be accepted.
                    634:        <li>Make <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> accept
                    635:                ANY dynamic address with 'request addr 0.0.0.0'.
                    636:        <li>Added 'dynamic' keyword to <a
                    637:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.conf.5">iked.conf(5)</a> to allow
                    638:                configuration of flows to dynamically assigned addresses.
                    639:        <li>Added the 'any' keyword to <a
                    640:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.conf.5">iked.conf(5)</a> for
                    641:                requests to allow "request address any".
                    642:        <li>Enabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>
                    643:                support for ASN1_DN ipsec identifiers.
                    644:        <li>Implemented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>
                    645:                "from dynamic," installing flows where "dynamic" is replaced by the
                    646:                received dynamic IP address.
                    647:        <li>Made sure not to replace 0.0.0.0 with a dynamic address in <a
                    648:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> if it is a network
                    649:                address.
                    650:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> -s
                    651:                socket option to specify a control socket.
                    652:        <li>Used a counter instead of random IV for AES-GCM in <a
                    653:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>, eliminating the
                    654:                risk of random collisions.
                    655:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>
                    656:                support for multiple address pools.
                    657:        <li>Added the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>
                    658:                "set stickyaddress" option, which attempts to assign the same "config
                    659:                address" when an IKESA is negotiated with the DSTID of an existing
                    660:                IKESA.
                    661:        <li>Ensured rekeying of every child SA in <a
                    662:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>.
1.5       benno     663:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> support
                    664:                for RSASSA-PSS signature verification (RFC 7427).
                    665:        <li>Corrected the first packet of an <a
                    666:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ipsec.4">ipsec(4)</a> SA to have
                    667:                sequence number 1.
                    668:        <li>Accepted reject and blackhole routes for IPsec PMTU discovery.
                    669:        <li>Prevented leaking of ipsec_hosts in <a
                    670:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> when building
                    671:                hosts_list.
                    672:        <li>Prevented initiation of new additional SAs for each policy upon
                    673:                every <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ikectl.8">ikectl(8)</a> config
                    674:                reload.
                    675:        <li>Fixed "any" and "dynamic" keywords for flows in <a
                    676:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> and added proper
                    677:                IPv6 support.
1.9       benno     678:        <li>Created a path MTU host route for <a
                    679:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ipsec.4">IPsec(4)</a> over IPv6.
1.10      benno     680:        <li>Added support for INVALID_KE_PAYLOAD in <a
                    681:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> CREATE_CHILD_SA
                    682:                exchange.
                    683:        <li>Added support for RSA-PSS PKCS1 signatures to <a
                    684:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>.
                    685:        <li>Fixed path MTU discovery for ESP tunnels in IPv6.
                    686:        <li>Upgraded to OpenSSL 1.1 compatible crypto API in <a
                    687:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>.
                    688:        <li>Added an optional "group none" transform for child SAs in <a
                    689:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> to ensure the
                    690:                ability to negotiate optional PFS.
                    691:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>
                    692:                dynamic address configuration for roadwarrior clients, with a new
                    693:                "iface" config option which can be used to specify an interface for
                    694:                the virtual addresses received from the peer.
1.3       benno     695:
                    696:
                    697: <!-- LDAP -->
                    698:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a> cert
                    699:                and key path inference for absolute paths.
1.10      benno     700:        <li>Applied <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a>
                    701:                to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a>.
1.3       benno     702:
                    703:
                    704: <!-- PF -->
                    705:        <li>Relaxed checks in <a
                    706:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a> and <a
                    707:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> to accept any valid
                    708:                routing domain, even if it does not yet exist.
1.5       benno     709:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a>
                    710:                detect and reject bogus ranges before loading the ruleset to prevent a
                    711:                panic.
1.10      benno     712:        <li>Changed route-to in <a
                    713:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.conf.5">pf.conf(5)</a> to send
                    714:                packets to IPs instead of interfaces.
                    715:        <li>Changed pf_route so <a
                    716:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> only runs when packets
                    717:                enter and leave the stack. Running the same packet through pf multiple
                    718:                times creates confusion for the state table. By default, pf states are
                    719:                floating, meaning that packets are matched to states regardless of
                    720:                which interface they're going over. This diff avoids multiple pf(4)
                    721:                traversals of one packet causing confusion in the state table.
                    722:        <li>Prevented the kernel from being stuck in an endless recursion
                    723:                during TCP path MTU discovery when <a
                    724:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> changes the routing
                    725:                table when sending packets.
                    726:        <li>When cutting off the head of an overlapping fragment during <a
                    727:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> reassembly, reinserted
                    728:                the fragment into the lookup table with the correct index.
1.5       benno     729:
1.3       benno     730:
1.5       benno     731: <!-- dig -->
                    732:        <li>Implemented RFC 8914 Extended DNS Errors for <a
                    733:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dig.1">dig(1)</a>.
                    734:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dig.1">dig(1)</a> EDNS
                    735:                Client Subnet option (+subnet=).
                    736:        <li>Fixed IPv6 link-local address handling for nameservers to talk to
                    737:                and address to bind to in <a
                    738:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dig.1">dig(1)</a>.
                    739:
                    740: <!-- dhclient -->
                    741:        <li>Fixed incorrect behavior when using <a
                    742:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.conf.5">dhclient.conf(5)</a> to
                    743:                change the lease renew/rebind/expiry timing.
                    744:        <li>Allowed the provision of <a
                    745:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a> options on
                    746:                "dhcp" lines in <a
                    747:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/hostname.if.5">hostname.if(5)</a> files.
                    748:
                    749:
                    750: <!-- other -->
1.3       benno     751:        <li>Changed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a> to
                    752:                drain the raw socket of packets received before we were fully setup to
                    753:                avoid reporting ICMP responses intended for other instances of ping(8)
                    754:                running in parallel.
1.10      benno     755:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a> -g
                    756:                option to provide a visual display of packets received and lost.
1.3       benno     757:
                    758:        <li>Changed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a>
                    759:                Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) to only generate a new address if we
                    760:                are using Semantically Opaque Interface Identifiers.
                    761:        <li>Handled an autoconf interface changing its rdomain in <a
                    762:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a>.
                    763:        <li>Fixed rare crashes of <a
                    764:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a> when DNS answers
                    765:                are larger than the maximum imsg size.
1.9       benno     766:        <li>Implemented <a
                    767:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a> listening on
                    768:                TCP.
1.10      benno     769:        <li>Implemented DNS64 synthesis in <a
                    770:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a>.
                    771:        <li>Disabled logging to <a
                    772:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/syslog.3">syslog(3)</a> for libunbound
                    773:                with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a>. Does
                    774:                not prevent logging to stderr with "unwind -d".
                    775:
1.9       benno     776:
1.3       benno     777:        <li>Removed the -L option from <a
                    778:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>.
                    779:        <li>Added a simple --timeout implementation to <a
                    780:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/openrsync.1">openrsync(1)</a>.
                    781:        <li>Added support for the use of !command to <a
                    782:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mygate.5">mygate(5)</a>, so that
                    783:                netstart has a late opportunity to perform network configuration.
1.5       benno     784:        <li>Make <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rad.8">rad(8)</a> to handle
                    785:                multiple rdomains in a single daemon (instead of running it in
                    786:                multiple rdomains).
                    787:        <li>Added a specific headline to <a
                    788:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/netstat.1">netstat(1)</a> for TCP state
                    789:                and IP protocol.
1.9       benno     790:        <li>Handle permanent redirects (RFC 7538) in <a
1.5       benno     791:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ftp.1">ftp(1)</a> fetch.
1.10      benno     792:        <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ftp.1">ftp(1)</a>
                    793:                support for sending the If-Modified-Since header while fetching over
                    794:                http or https. Switched to using the timestamps from the remote
                    795:                server's Last-Modified header if available when saving local files and
                    796:                introduced the ftp "-u" flag to disable this behavior.
                    797:
1.9       benno     798:        <li>Added requests for a new certificate without requiring -F when <a
                    799:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/acme-client.1">acme-client(1)</a>
                    800:                detects an added or removed SAN in the config file not reflected in
                    801:                the existing certificate on disk.
                    802:        <li>Print rewritten addresses in <a
                    803:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpdump.8">tcpdump(8)</a> logged with <a
                    804:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pflog.4">pflog(4)</a> for rdr-to, nat-to
                    805:                and af-to rules.
1.10      benno     806:        <li>Removed the <a
                    807:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmpd.8">snmpd(8)</a> traphandler
                    808:                process.
                    809:        <li>When calling <a
                    810:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/getaddrinfo.3">getaddrinfo(3)</a> with
                    811:                AI_ADDRCONFIG, consider the routing domain when checking for available
                    812:                address families. This ensures that name resolution is only performed
                    813:                for the address families available in the rdomain.
                    814:        <li>Implemented the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/nc.1">nc(1)</a>
                    815:                -D socket debug option in <a
                    816:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpbench.1">tcpbench(1)</a>, allowing
                    817:                analysis of TCP connections.
                    818:
                    819:
1.9       benno     820:
1.3       benno     821:
1.1       deraadt   822:   </ul>
                    823:
                    824: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux">tmux(1)</a> improvements and bug fixes:
                    825:   <ul>
1.5       benno     826:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> synchronize-panes a pane option and added set-option -U flag to unset an option on all panes.
1.1       deraadt   827:   </ul>
                    828:
                    829: <li>OpenSMTPD 6.9.0
                    830:   <ul>
1.5       benno     831:        <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtp.1">smtp(1)</a>
                    832:                -a to perform authentication before sending a message.
                    833:        <li>Fixed a memory leak in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a> resolver.
                    834:        <li>Prevented a crash due to premature release of resources by the <a
                    835:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a> filter state
                    836:                machine.
1.12    ! eric      837:        <li>Switch to libtls internally.
        !           838:        <li>Change the way SNI works in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.conf.5#pki~2">smtpd.conf(5)</a>.
        !           839:                TLS listeners may be configured with multiple certificates,
        !           840:                the matching is based on the names included in these certificates.
        !           841:        <li>Allow to specify tls protocols and ciphers per listener and relay action.
1.5       benno     842:
1.1       deraadt   843:   </ul>
                    844:
                    845: <li>LibreSSL 3.2.2
                    846:   <ul>
                    847:     <li>New Features
                    848:     <ul>
1.11      benno     849: <!-- taken from plus.html, not sorted into categories:
1.3       benno     850:        <li>Added a -legacy_verify flag to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/openssl.1">openssl(1)</a> to force use of the old validator.
                    851:        <li>Changed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/crypto.3">crypto(3)</a>
                    852:                to call its get_issuer() callback to try and find a suitable
                    853:                certificate in cases where it has failed to find a print certificate
                    854:                from the supplied roots and intermediates.
                    855:        <li>Corrected an issue where <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/openssl.1">openssl(1)</a> verify might not error on expired certificates.
                    856:        <li>Fixed an issue in the TLS 1.3 code that caused stalls in haproxy and other software.
                    857:        <li>Implemented auto chain for the TLSv1.3 server.
                    858:        <li>Implemented the key material exporter for TLSv1.3.
1.9       benno     859:        <li>Fixed problems which could arise with software such as bacula and icinga when a root certificate was specified as both a trusted and an untrusted certificate.
                    860:        <li>Added support for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/SSL_get_shared_ciphers.3">SSL_get_shared_ciphers(3)</a> in TLSv1.3 and fixed to correctly return ciphers shared by the client and the server.
1.11      benno     861: -->
1.3       benno     862:
1.1       deraadt   863:     </ul>
                    864:
                    865:     <li>API and Documentation Enhancements
                    866:     <ul>
                    867:        <li>...
                    868:     </ul>
                    869:
                    870:     <li>Compatibility Changes
                    871:     <ul>
                    872:        <li>...
                    873:     </ul>
                    874:
                    875:     <li>Testing and Proactive Security
                    876:     <ul>
                    877:        <li>...
                    878:     </ul>
                    879:
                    880:     <li>Internal Improvements
                    881:       <ul>
                    882:        <li>...
                    883:       </ul>
                    884:
                    885:     <li>Portable Improvements
                    886:     <ul>
                    887:        <li>...
                    888:     </ul>
                    889:
                    890:     <li>Bug Fixes
                    891:     <ul>
                    892:        <li>...
                    893:     </ul>
                    894:   </ul>
                    895:
                    896: <li>OpenSSH 8.4
1.3       benno     897:
1.1       deraadt   898:   <ul>
1.3       benno     899:
1.11      benno     900: <!-- XXX taken from plus.html, not sorted into categories yet
1.3       benno     901:        <li>Preferred ed25519 signature algorithm variants over ECDSA in <a
                    902:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a> and <a
                    903:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5">sshd_config(5)</a>.
                    904:        <li>Enabled <a
                    905:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>
                    906:                UpdateHostkeys by default when the configuration has not overridden
                    907:                UserKnownHostFile.
                    908:        <li>Prefixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>
                    909:                keyboard interactive prompts with "user@host" for easier
                    910:                identification of connections.
                    911:        <li>Displayed any other hostnames/addresses associated with a new
                    912:                hostkey when <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>
                    913:                prompts the user to accept it.
                    914:        <li>When doing an <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>
                    915:                recursive upload or download of a read-only directory, ensured that
                    916:                the directory was created with write and execute permissions in the
                    917:                interim to allow the transfer.
                    918:        <li>Set the specified TOS/DSCP for interactive use prior to TCP
                    919:                connect in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>.
                    920:        <li>CLeaned up passing of struct passwd from monitor to preauth
                    921:                privsep process in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>.
1.5       benno     922:        <li>Added an <a
                    923:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>
                    924:                KnownHostsCommand that allows the client to obtain known_hosts data
                    925:                from a command in addition to the usual files.
1.9       benno     926:        <li>Made CheckHostIP default to "no" in <a
                    927:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>.
                    928:        <li>Added PerSourceMaxStartups and PerSourceNetBlockSize options to
                    929:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>.
1.10      benno     930:        <li>Renamed the PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes keyword to
                    931:                PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms in <a
                    932:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a> and <a
                    933:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5">sshd_config(5)</a>.
                    934:        <li>Renamed the HostbasedKeyTypes keyword in <a
                    935:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a> and the
                    936:                HostbasedAcceptedKeyTypes keyword in <a
                    937:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5">sshd_config(5)</a> to
                    938:                HostbasedAcceptedAlgorithms.
                    939:        <li>Added PermitRemoteOpen to <a
                    940:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a> for remote dynamic
                    941:                forwarding with SOCKS.
1.11      benno     942: -->
1.3       benno     943:
1.1       deraadt   944:     <li>Potentially incompatible changes.
                    945:     <ul>
                    946:        <li>...
                    947:     </ul>
                    948:     <li>New Features
                    949:     <ul>
                    950:        <li>...
                    951:     </ul>
                    952:     <li>Bugfixes
                    953:     <ul>
                    954:        <li>...
                    955:     </ul>
                    956:   </ul>
                    957:
                    958: <li>Ports and packages:
                    959:   <p>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
                    960:   <!-- number of FTP packages minus SHA256, SHA256.sig, index.txt -->
                    961:   <ul style="column-count: 3">
                    962:     <li>aarch64:     XXX
                    963:     <li>amd64:       XXX
                    964:     <li>arm:         XXX
                    965:     <li>i386:        XXX
                    966:     <li>mips64:      XXX
                    967:     <li>mips64el:    XXX
                    968:     <li>powerpc:     XXX
                    969:     <li>powerpc64:   XXX
                    970:     <li>sparc64:     XXX
                    971:   </ul>
                    972:
                    973: <li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
                    974:
                    975: <li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
                    976:   <ul>
1.5       benno     977:
                    978:     <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 1.20.10 + patches,
1.10      benno     979:         freetype 2.10.4, fontconfig 2.12.4, Mesa 20.0.8, xterm 366,
1.5       benno     980:         xkeyboard-config 2.20, fonttosfnt 1.2.1 and more)
1.1       deraadt   981:     <li>LLVM/Clang 10.0.1 (+ patches)
                    982:     <li>GCC 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 3.3.6 (+ patches)
1.10      benno     983:     <li>Perl 5.32.1 (+ patches)
1.8       florian   984:     <li>NSD 4.3.6
                    985:     <li>Unbound 1.13.1
1.1       deraadt   986:     <li>Ncurses 5.7
                    987:     <li>Binutils 2.17 (+ patches)
                    988:     <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
1.5       benno     989:     <li>Awk December 18, 2020 version
                    990:     <li>Expat 2.2.10
1.1       deraadt   991:   </ul>
                    992:
                    993: </ul>
                    994: </section>
                    995:
                    996: <hr>
                    997:
                    998: <section id=install>
                    999: <h3>How to install</h3>
                   1000: <p>
                   1001: Please refer to the following files on the mirror site for
                   1002: extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 6.9 on your machine:
                   1003:
                   1004: <ul>
                   1005: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
                   1006:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
                   1007: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
                   1008:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/amd64/INSTALL.amd64</a>
                   1009: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/arm64/INSTALL.arm64">
                   1010:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/arm64/INSTALL.arm64</a>
                   1011: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/armv7/INSTALL.armv7">
                   1012:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/armv7/INSTALL.armv7</a>
                   1013: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
                   1014:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
                   1015: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/i386/INSTALL.i386">
                   1016:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/i386/INSTALL.i386</a>
                   1017: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/landisk/INSTALL.landisk">
                   1018:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/landisk/INSTALL.landisk</a>
                   1019: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/loongson/INSTALL.loongson">
                   1020:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/loongson/INSTALL.loongson</a>
                   1021: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k">
                   1022:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k</a>
                   1023: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
                   1024:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/macppc/INSTALL.macppc</a>
                   1025: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/octeon/INSTALL.octeon">
                   1026:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/octeon/INSTALL.octeon</a>
                   1027: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/powerpc64/INSTALL.powerpc64">
1.4       landry   1028:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/powerpc64/INSTALL.powerpc64</a>
1.1       deraadt  1029: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/sgi/INSTALL.sgi">
                   1030:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/sgi/INSTALL.sgi</a>
                   1031: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
                   1032:        .../OpenBSD/6.9/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64</a>
                   1033: </ul>
                   1034: </section>
                   1035:
                   1036: <hr>
                   1037:
                   1038: <section id=quickinstall>
                   1039: <p>
                   1040: Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the use of
                   1041: the "<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel</a> -E" command.
                   1042: If you are at all confused when installing OpenBSD, read the relevant
                   1043: INSTALL.* file as listed above!
                   1044:
                   1045: <h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>
                   1046:
                   1047: <p>
                   1048: If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install69.iso</i> or
                   1049: <i>cd69.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
                   1050: Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
                   1051:
                   1052: <h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>
                   1053:
                   1054: <p>
                   1055: If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install69.iso</i> or
                   1056: <i>cd69.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
                   1057: You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
                   1058:
                   1059: <p>
                   1060: If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install69.img</i> or
                   1061: <i>miniroot69.img</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
                   1062:
                   1063: <p>
                   1064: If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
                   1065: you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
                   1066: INSTALL.amd64 document.
                   1067:
                   1068: <p>
                   1069: If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
                   1070: read INSTALL.amd64.
                   1071:
                   1072: <h3>OpenBSD/arm64:</h3>
                   1073:
                   1074: <p>
                   1075: Write <i>miniroot69.img</i> to a disk and boot from it after connecting
                   1076: to the serial console.  Refer to INSTALL.arm64 for more details.
                   1077:
                   1078: <h3>OpenBSD/armv7:</h3>
                   1079:
                   1080: <p>
                   1081: Write a system specific miniroot to an SD card and boot from it after connecting
                   1082: to the serial console.  Refer to INSTALL.armv7 for more details.
                   1083:
                   1084: <h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>
                   1085:
                   1086: <p>
                   1087: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
                   1088: <a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
                   1089:
                   1090: <h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>
                   1091:
                   1092: <p>
                   1093: If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install69.iso</i> or
                   1094: <i>cd69.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
                   1095: You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
                   1096:
                   1097: <p>
                   1098: If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install69.img</i> or
                   1099: <i>miniroot69.img</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
                   1100:
                   1101: <p>
                   1102: If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
                   1103: you can install across the network using PXE as described in
                   1104: the included INSTALL.i386 document.
                   1105:
                   1106: <p>
                   1107: If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
                   1108: read INSTALL.i386.
                   1109:
                   1110: <h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
                   1111:
                   1112: <p>
                   1113: Write <i>miniroot69.img</i> to the start of the CF
                   1114: or disk, and boot normally.
                   1115:
                   1116: <h3>OpenBSD/loongson:</h3>
                   1117:
                   1118: <p>
                   1119: Write <i>miniroot69.img</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
                   1120: or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
                   1121: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
                   1122:
                   1123: <h3>OpenBSD/luna88k:</h3>
                   1124:
                   1125: <p>
                   1126: Copy 'boot' and 'bsd.rd' to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot the bootloader
                   1127: from the PROM, and then bsd.rd from the bootloader.
                   1128: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.
                   1129:
                   1130: <h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>
                   1131:
                   1132: <p>
                   1133: Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, and power on your machine
                   1134: while holding down the <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and
                   1135: shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
                   1136:
                   1137: <p>
                   1138: Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
                   1139: /6.9/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
                   1140:
                   1141: <h3>OpenBSD/octeon:</h3>
                   1142:
                   1143: <p>
                   1144: After connecting a serial port, boot bsd.rd over the network via DHCP/tftp.
                   1145: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.octeon for more details.
                   1146:
                   1147: <h3>OpenBSD/powerpc64:</h3>
                   1148:
                   1149: <p>
                   1150: To install, write <i>install69.img</i> or <i>miniroot69.img</i> to a
                   1151: USB stick, plug it into the machine and choose the <i>OpenBSD
                   1152: install</i> menu item in Petitboot.
                   1153: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.powerpc64 for more details.
                   1154:
                   1155: <h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>
                   1156:
                   1157: <p>
                   1158: To install, burn cd69.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
                   1159: machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
                   1160: menu. Indigo/Indy/Indigo2 (R4000) systems will not boot automatically from
                   1161: CD-ROM, and need a proper invocation from the PROM prompt.
                   1162: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
                   1163:
                   1164: <p>
                   1165: If your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can setup a DHCP/tftp network
                   1166: server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using the kernel matching your
                   1167: system type. Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
                   1168:
                   1169: <h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>
                   1170:
                   1171: <p>
                   1172: Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, boot from it, and type
                   1173: <i>boot cdrom</i>.
                   1174:
                   1175: <p>
                   1176: If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
                   1177: <i>floppy69.img</i> or <i>floppyB69.img</i>
                   1178: (depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
                   1179: floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
                   1180:
                   1181: <p>
                   1182: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
                   1183: will most likely fail.
                   1184:
                   1185: <p>
                   1186: You can also write <i>miniroot69.img</i> to the swap partition on
                   1187: the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
                   1188:
                   1189: <p>
                   1190: If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
                   1191: </section>
                   1192:
                   1193: <hr>
                   1194:
                   1195: <section id=upgrade>
                   1196: <h3>How to upgrade</h3>
                   1197: <p>
                   1198: If you already have an OpenBSD 6.7 system, and do not want to reinstall,
                   1199: upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
                   1200: <a href="faq/upgrade69.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
                   1201: </section>
                   1202:
                   1203: <hr>
                   1204:
                   1205: <section id=sourcecode>
                   1206: <h3>Notes about the source code</h3>
                   1207: <p>
                   1208: <code>src.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src</code>.
                   1209: This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources,
                   1210: which are in a separate archive.
                   1211: To extract:
                   1212: <blockquote><pre>
                   1213: # <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
                   1214: # <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
                   1215: # <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
                   1216: </pre></blockquote>
                   1217: <p>
                   1218: <code>sys.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src/sys</code>.
                   1219: This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
                   1220: To extract:
                   1221: <blockquote><pre>
                   1222: # <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
                   1223: # <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
                   1224: # <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</kbd>
                   1225: </pre></blockquote>
                   1226: <p>
                   1227: Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.  Using these trees it
                   1228: is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
                   1229: described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
                   1230: Using these files
                   1231: results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
                   1232: a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
                   1233: </section>
                   1234:
                   1235: <hr>
                   1236:
                   1237: <section id=ports>
                   1238: <h3>Ports Tree</h3>
                   1239: <p>
                   1240: A ports tree archive is also provided.  To extract:
                   1241: <blockquote><pre>
                   1242: # <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
                   1243: # <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
                   1244: </pre></blockquote>
                   1245: <p>
                   1246: Go read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
                   1247: if you know nothing about ports
                   1248: at this point.  This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
                   1249: Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
                   1250: OpenBSD ports system.
                   1251: <p>
                   1252: The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS checkout of our ports.
                   1253: As with our complete source tree, our ports tree is available via
                   1254: <a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>.
                   1255: So, in order to keep up to date with the -stable branch, you must make
                   1256: the <i>ports/</i> tree available on a read-write medium and update the tree
                   1257: with a command like:
                   1258: <blockquote><pre>
                   1259: # <kbd>cd /usr/ports</kbd>
                   1260: # <kbd>cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_6_9</kbd>
                   1261: </pre></blockquote>
                   1262: <p>
                   1263: [Of course, you must replace the server name here with a nearby anoncvs
                   1264: server.]
                   1265: <p>
                   1266: Note that most ports are available as packages on our mirrors. Updated
                   1267: ports for the 6.9 release will be made available if problems arise.
                   1268: <p>
                   1269: If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
                   1270: would like to know more, the mailing list
                   1271: <a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
                   1272: </section>