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<title>OpenBSD 6.9</title>
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<h2 id=OpenBSD>
<a href="index.html">
<i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
6.9
</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="images/XXX.png">
<img width="227" height="303" src="images/XXX-s.gif" alt="XXX"></a>
<td>
Released May 1, 2022.<br>
Copyright 1997-2020, Theo de Raadt.<br>
<br>
6.9 Song:
<a href="lyrics.html#69">"XXX"</a>.
<br>
Artwork by Siah Files.
<br>
<ul>
<li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
a list of mirror machines.
<li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/6.9/</code> directory on
one of the mirror sites.
<li>Have a look at <a href="errata69.html">the 6.9 errata page</a> for a list
of bugs and workarounds.
<li>See a <a href="plus69.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
6.8 and 6.9 releases.
<p>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>
pubkeys for this release:<p>
<table class=signify>
<tr><td>
openbsd-69-base.pub:
<td>
<a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/openbsd-69-base.pub">
RWQZj25CSG5R2oLo5735Hh6C48kkjFsj5rJDjW+fGZwyY+BkD5/zps8f</a>
<tr><td>
openbsd-69-fw.pub:
<td>
RWSYx4htNi/zavF8ZToMBDFz2xymRfFnnR1MEKV9csYbvnrTBwdkXhdy
<tr><td>
openbsd-69-pkg.pub:
<td>
RWQlDXyHx5KlPoEiz4yWRK/Gt/rvPwI8KEAt3utge/dBS7R+EscdzA5K
<tr><td>
openbsd-69-syspatch.pub:
<td>
RWRWuHkSV0U8PUX24vGa3ywrvKNQY6llV3PLvKEzDTiTVPfIRaXPfvzR
</table>
</ul>
<p>
All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
files fetched via <code>ports.tar.gz</code>.
</table>
<hr>
<section id=new>
<h3>What's New</h3>
<p>
This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 6.9.
For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus69.html">changelog</a> leading
to 6.9.
<ul>
<li>New/extended platforms:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Improvements to time measurements, mostly in the kernel:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Various kernel improvements:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Various new userland features:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Various bugfixes and tweaks in userland:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Improved hardware support and driver bugfixes, including:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>New or improved network hardware support:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Added or improved wireless network drivers:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>IEEE 802.11 wireless stack improvements and bugfixes:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Generic network stack improvements and bugfixes:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Installer improvements:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Improvements in the FFS2 filesystem:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Security improvements:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux">tmux(1)</a> improvements and bug fixes:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>OpenSMTPD 6.9.0
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>LibreSSL 3.2.2
<ul>
<li>New Features
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>API and Documentation Enhancements
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Compatibility Changes
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Testing and Proactive Security
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Internal Improvements
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Portable Improvements
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Bug Fixes
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
</ul>
<li>OpenSSH 8.4
<ul>
<li>Potentially incompatible changes.
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>New Features
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Bugfixes
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Ports and packages:
<p>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
<!-- number of FTP packages minus SHA256, SHA256.sig, index.txt -->
<ul style="column-count: 3">
<li>aarch64: XXX
<li>amd64: XXX
<li>arm: XXX
<li>i386: XXX
<li>mips64: XXX
<li>mips64el: XXX
<li>powerpc: XXX
<li>powerpc64: XXX
<li>sparc64: XXX
</ul>
<li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
<li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
<ul>
<li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 1.20.8 + patches,
freetype 2.10.2, fontconfig 2.12.4, Mesa 20.0.8, xterm 351,
xkeyboard-config 2.20 and more)
<li>LLVM/Clang 10.0.1 (+ patches)
<li>GCC 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 3.3.6 (+ patches)
<li>Perl 5.30.3 (+ patches)
<li>NSD 4.3.2
<li>Unbound 1.11.0
<li>Ncurses 5.7
<li>Binutils 2.17 (+ patches)
<li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
<li>Awk August 7, 2020 version
<li>Expat 2.2.8
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<hr>
<section id=install>
<h3>How to install</h3>
<p>
Please refer to the following files on the mirror site for
extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 6.9 on your machine:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/amd64/INSTALL.amd64</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/arm64/INSTALL.arm64">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/arm64/INSTALL.arm64</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/armv7/INSTALL.armv7">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/armv7/INSTALL.armv7</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/i386/INSTALL.i386">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/i386/INSTALL.i386</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/landisk/INSTALL.landisk">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/landisk/INSTALL.landisk</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/loongson/INSTALL.loongson">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/loongson/INSTALL.loongson</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/macppc/INSTALL.macppc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/octeon/INSTALL.octeon">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/octeon/INSTALL.octeon</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/powerpc64/INSTALL.powerpc64">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/octeon/INSTALL.powerpc64</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/sgi/INSTALL.sgi">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/sgi/INSTALL.sgi</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.9/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
.../OpenBSD/6.9/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64</a>
</ul>
</section>
<hr>
<section id=quickinstall>
<p>
Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the use of
the "<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel</a> -E" command.
If you are at all confused when installing OpenBSD, read the relevant
INSTALL.* file as listed above!
<h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>
<p>
If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install69.iso</i> or
<i>cd69.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>
<p>
If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install69.iso</i> or
<i>cd69.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
<p>
If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install69.img</i> or
<i>miniroot69.img</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
<p>
If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
INSTALL.amd64 document.
<p>
If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.amd64.
<h3>OpenBSD/arm64:</h3>
<p>
Write <i>miniroot69.img</i> to a disk and boot from it after connecting
to the serial console. Refer to INSTALL.arm64 for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/armv7:</h3>
<p>
Write a system specific miniroot to an SD card and boot from it after connecting
to the serial console. Refer to INSTALL.armv7 for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>
<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
<a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
<h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>
<p>
If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install69.iso</i> or
<i>cd69.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
<p>
If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install69.img</i> or
<i>miniroot69.img</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
<p>
If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in
the included INSTALL.i386 document.
<p>
If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.i386.
<h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
<p>
Write <i>miniroot69.img</i> to the start of the CF
or disk, and boot normally.
<h3>OpenBSD/loongson:</h3>
<p>
Write <i>miniroot69.img</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k:</h3>
<p>
Copy 'boot' and 'bsd.rd' to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot the bootloader
from the PROM, and then bsd.rd from the bootloader.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>
<p>
Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, and power on your machine
while holding down the <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and
shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
<p>
Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
/6.9/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
<h3>OpenBSD/octeon:</h3>
<p>
After connecting a serial port, boot bsd.rd over the network via DHCP/tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.octeon for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/powerpc64:</h3>
<p>
To install, write <i>install69.img</i> or <i>miniroot69.img</i> to a
USB stick, plug it into the machine and choose the <i>OpenBSD
install</i> menu item in Petitboot.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.powerpc64 for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>
<p>
To install, burn cd69.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
menu. Indigo/Indy/Indigo2 (R4000) systems will not boot automatically from
CD-ROM, and need a proper invocation from the PROM prompt.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
<p>
If your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can setup a DHCP/tftp network
server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using the kernel matching your
system type. Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>
<p>
Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, boot from it, and type
<i>boot cdrom</i>.
<p>
If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
<i>floppy69.img</i> or <i>floppyB69.img</i>
(depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.
<p>
You can also write <i>miniroot69.img</i> to the swap partition on
the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
<p>
If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
</section>
<hr>
<section id=upgrade>
<h3>How to upgrade</h3>
<p>
If you already have an OpenBSD 6.7 system, and do not want to reinstall,
upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
<a href="faq/upgrade69.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
</section>
<hr>
<section id=sourcecode>
<h3>Notes about the source code</h3>
<p>
<code>src.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src</code>.
This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources,
which are in a separate archive.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
<code>sys.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src/sys</code>.
This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout. Using these trees it
is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
Using these files
results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
</section>
<hr>
<section id=ports>
<h3>Ports Tree</h3>
<p>
A ports tree archive is also provided. To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Go read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
if you know nothing about ports
at this point. This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
OpenBSD ports system.
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS checkout of our ports.
As with our complete source tree, our ports tree is available via
<a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>.
So, in order to keep up to date with the -stable branch, you must make
the <i>ports/</i> tree available on a read-write medium and update the tree
with a command like:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr/ports</kbd>
# <kbd>cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_6_9</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
[Of course, you must replace the server name here with a nearby anoncvs
server.]
<p>
Note that most ports are available as packages on our mirrors. Updated
ports for the 6.9 release will be made available if problems arise.
<p>
If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
would like to know more, the mailing list
<a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
</section>
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