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1.1       deraadt     1: <!doctype html>
                      2: <html lang=en id=release>
1.24      benno       3: <head>
1.1       deraadt     4: <meta charset=utf-8>
                      5:
                      6: <title>OpenBSD 7.1</title>
                      7: <meta name="description" content="OpenBSD 7.1">
                      8: <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
                      9: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="openbsd.css">
                     10: <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.openbsd.org/71.html">
1.24      benno      11: </head><body>
1.1       deraadt    12: <h2 id=OpenBSD>
                     13: <a href="index.html">
                     14: <i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
                     15: 7.1
                     16: </h2>
                     17:
                     18: <table>
                     19: <tr>
                     20: <td>
                     21: <a href="images/xxx.png">
                     22: <img width="227" height="303" src="images/xxx-s.png" alt="xxx"></a>
                     23: <td>
1.6       tj         24: Released May ?, 2022. (52nd OpenBSD release)<br>
1.1       deraadt    25: Copyright 1997-2022, Theo de Raadt.<br>
                     26: <br>
1.3       job        27: Artwork by Luc Houweling.
1.1       deraadt    28: <br>
                     29: <ul>
                     30: <li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
                     31:     a list of mirror machines.
                     32: <li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/7.1/</code> directory on
                     33:     one of the mirror sites.
                     34: <li>Have a look at <a href="errata71.html">the 7.1 errata page</a> for a list
                     35:     of bugs and workarounds.
                     36: <li>See a <a href="plus71.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
                     37:     7.0 and 7.1 releases.
                     38: <p>
                     39: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>
                     40:     pubkeys for this release:<p>
                     41:
                     42: <table class=signify>
                     43: <tr><td>
                     44: openbsd-71-base.pub:
                     45: <td>
                     46: <a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/openbsd-71-base.pub">
                     47: RWR2eHwZTOEiTWog354iy3StRj18VbZl87O9uZpa1M2jGLXEkco6vDT5</a>
                     48: <tr><td>
                     49: openbsd-71-fw.pub:
                     50: <td>
                     51: RWQCAJ4gBK3pbcm/Q5XYxu+hIY3Zvx9kwGv2uJphEN7kNl1DD4QRue6v
                     52: <tr><td>
                     53: openbsd-71-pkg.pub:
                     54: <td>
                     55: RWQgLTtHQtisyH9qc9imxVFsf+P24M75F1aNio5qJCfG/bO6gATAzC9V
                     56: <tr><td>
                     57: openbsd-71-syspatch.pub:
                     58: <td>
                     59: RWTVqN+z9ta+Z6Ri7W7Vlf+XgXE30rGXld8kO78L1GmE61U5Xvbr/zHM
                     60: </table>
                     61: </ul>
                     62: <p>
                     63: All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
                     64: sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
                     65: files fetched via <code>ports.tar.gz</code>.
                     66: </table>
                     67:
                     68: <hr>
                     69:
                     70: <section id=new>
                     71: <h3>What's New</h3>
                     72: <p>
                     73: This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 7.1.
                     74: For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus71.html">changelog</a> leading
                     75: to 7.1.
                     76:
                     77: <ul>
                     78:
                     79: <li>New/extended platforms:
                     80:   <ul>
1.16      benno      81:     <li>Support for Apple Silicon Macs has improved and is ready for general use:
1.1       deraadt    82:     <ul>
1.10      benno      83:            <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplspi.4">aplspi(4)</a>, a driver for the SPI controller found on the Apple M1 SoC.
                     84:            <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplhidev.4">aplhidev(4)</a> support for the keyboard/touchpad on Apple M1 laptops.
1.31      jsg        85:            <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplpmgr.4">aplpmgr(4)</a>, a driver for the power management controller found on Apple SoCs.
1.11      benno      86:            <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplmbox.4">aplmbox(4)</a>, a driver for the mailbox that provides a communication channel with additional cores integrated on Apple SoCs.
1.31      jsg        87:            <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apliic.4">apliic(4)</a>, a driver for the I2C controller found on Apple SoCs.
1.11      benno      88:            <li>Added the chip ids used on Apple M1 Pro/Max and Apple T2 Macs to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a>.
                     89:            <li>Rewrote arm64 kernel FPU handling code to fix the random crashes seen with SMP kernels on Apple M1.
                     90:            <li>Restricted the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pci.4">pci(4)</a> ioctl interface to devices detected by the kernel, preventing Xorg PCI probes from breaking the WiFi chip on M1 macs.
                     91:            <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplsmc.4">aplsmc(4)</a>, a driver for the SMC found on Apple M1 SoCs.
                     92:            <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplnco.4">aplnco(4)</a>, a driver for the Numerically-controlled oscillator (NCO) clock which drives the audio clocks on Apple silicon.
                     93:            <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tascodec.4">tascodec(4)</a>, a driver for the TI TAS2770/TAS5770 digital audio amplifier codec found on Apple M1 Macs.
1.14      benno      94:            <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apldma.4">apldma(4)</a>, a driver for the DMA controller found on Apple SoCs.
1.15      benno      95:            <li>Added support to explicitly power on some PCIe devices on the M1 and M1 Pro/Max through a GPIO controlled by the SMC.
                     96:            <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplcpu.4">aplcpu(4)</a>, a driver to control the CPU performance levels on Apple SoCs.
                     97:            <li>Modified <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplintc.4">aplintc(4)</a> to support a newer interrupt controller, making OpenBSD run on M1 Pro/Max machines.
                     98:            <li>Added nvmem support to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplpmu.4">aplpmu(4)</a> and made it available on Apple SPMI PMUs.
                     99:            <li>Added RTC support to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplsmc.4">aplsmc(4)</a>.
                    100:            <li>Made the arm64 ramdisk installer fetch <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a> firmware from the EFI System Partition on Apple Silicon devices for use during installation and addition to the newly installed system.
                    101:            <li>Added support for controlling keyboard LEDs to <a
                    102:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplhidev.4">aplhidev(4)</a>.
                    103:            <li>Added basic GPIO support to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplsmc.4">aplsmc(4)</a>.
                    104:            <li>Ensured <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apldart.4">apldart(4)</a> keeps the DART enabled in front of the display controller to preserve its access to the framebuffer and continued display.
                    105:            <li>Fixed reading motherboard time on Apple machines with old SMC firmware.
                    106:            <li>Implemented reboot/powerdown support in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplsmc.4">aplsmc(4)</a>.
                    107:            <li>Implemented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aplintc.4">aplintc(4)</a> support for multiple dies, making OpenBSD work on the M1 Ultra.
1.16      benno     108:     </ul>
                    109:     <li>Support for other <a href="arm64.html">arm64</a> architecture hardware was also improved with the following changes:
                    110:     <ul>
1.10      benno     111:        <li>Introduced <a
                    112:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/gpiocharger.4">gpiocharger(4)</a>, a
                    113:                driver providing support for battery chargers connected to GPIO pins,
                    114:                such as those found on the Pinebook Pro.
                    115:        <li>Introduced <a
                    116:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/gpioleds.4">gpioleds(4)</a> for arm64, a
                    117:                driver providing support for LEDs connected to GPIO pins, such as
                    118:                those found on the Pinebook Pro.
                    119:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gpiokeys.4">gpiokeys(4)</a>
                    120:                for arm64, a driver which handles events triggered by GPIO keys such
                    121:                as lid status and power button.
1.11      benno     122:        <li>Added pclk clock used by <a
                    123:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwdog.4">dwdog(4)</a> on RK3399 to <a
                    124:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rkclock.4">rkclock(4)</a>.
1.23      benno     125:        <li>Introduced <a
                    126:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mpfclock.4">mpfclock(4)</a>, a driver
                    127:                for the PolarFire SoC MSS clock controller.
                    128:        <li>Introduced <a
                    129:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/cdsdhc.4">cdsdhc(4)</a>, a driver for
                    130:                the Cadence SD/SDIO/eMMC host controller.
                    131:        <li>Introduced <a
                    132:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mpfiic.4">mpfiic(4)</a>, a driver for
                    133:                the PolarFire SoC MSS I2C controller.
                    134:        <li>Introduced <a
                    135:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mpfgpio.4">mpfgpio(4)</a>, a driver for
                    136:                the PolarFire SoC MSS GPIO controller.
                    137:        <li>Enabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cduart.4">cduart(4)</a>
                    138:                on arm64.
                    139:        <li>Added <a
                    140:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvpinctrl.4">mvpinctrl(4)</a> support
                    141:                for the CP115 block found on Marvell CN9K SoCs.
                    142:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvclock.4">mvclock(4)</a>
                    143:                support for the AP807 block found on Marvell CN9K SoCs.
1.1       deraadt   144:     </ul>
                    145:     <li>Changes on other architectures:
                    146:     <ul>
1.23      benno     147:        <li>Enabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uhid.4">uhid(4)</a>/<a
                    148:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fido.4">fido(4)</a> on riscv64.
1.14      benno     149:        <li>Allowed riscv64 installation on a disk with a GPT.
1.16      benno     150:        <li>Added missing locking to <a
                    151:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pmap_extract.9">pmap_extract(9)</a> and
                    152:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pmap_unwire.9">pmap_unwire(9)</a> on
                    153:                arm64 and riscv64.
                    154:        <li>Improved stack unwinding on riscv64 in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ddb.4">ddb(4)</a>.
                    155:        <li>Fixed kernel stack alignment on riscv64.
                    156:        <li>Fixed RISC-V lld link code when dealing with object files created with "ld -b".
                    157:        <li>Made sure nothing can map address zero on RISC-V.
                    158:        <li>Made sure armv7,arm64 and risc-v FDT bootloader code does not write beyond the FDT data structure.
1.11      benno     159:        <li>Fixed booting from an IDE block device on the Sun Blade 100.
                    160:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radeondrm.4">radeondrm(4)</a> console colors on sparc64.
1.23      benno     161:        <li>Enabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dt.4">dt(4)</a> on
                    162:                macppc.
                    163:        <li>Increased <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ddb.1">ddb(1)</a>
                    164:                access to registers on macppc and powerpc64.
1.16      benno     165:        <li>Enabled enforcing of RLIMIT_MEMLOCK on powerpc64.
1.23      benno     166:        <li>Allowed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ddb.4">ddb(4)</a> trace
                    167:                through interrupt on macppc.
1.1       deraadt   168:   </ul>
                    169: </ul>
                    170:
                    171: <li>Various kernel improvements:
                    172:   <ul>
1.16      benno     173:        <li>Made futexes work in shared anonymous memory.
                    174:        <li>Improved tracking of mbuf memory usage in the whole system.
                    175:        <li>Switched to using long filenames by default with <a
1.31      jsg       176:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mount_msdos.8">mount_msdos(8)</a>.
1.7       benno     177:        <li>Fixed memory leak in <a
                    178:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fuse.4">fuse(4)</a> when calling <a
                    179:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/namei.9">namei(9)</a>.
1.26      benno     180:
                    181:        <li>Fixed establishing legacy INTx interrupts on machines without a
                    182:                (usable) MSI interrupt controller.
1.7       benno     183:        <li>Cleaned up irrelevant uses of 3rd mode_t parameter for <a
                    184:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/open.2">open(2)</a>/<a
                    185:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/openat.2">openat(2)</a>, unused when not
                    186:                creating files.
1.16      benno     187:        <li>Reworked garbage collector for <a
                    188:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/unix.4">unix(4)</a> sockets to prevent
                    189:                potential kernel panics.
1.10      benno     190:        <li>Changed the power management <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysctl.8">sysctl(8)</a>
                    191:                hw.perfpolicy to "auto" at startup, defaulting to 100%
                    192:                performance with AC power connected and using the auto algorithm when
                    193:                on battery.
1.26      benno     194:        <li>Aligned memory allocation for USB device drivers and USB HC
                    195:                drivers, enlarging the USB memory pool.
1.16      benno     196:        <li>Prevent panic in <a
                    197:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> while
                    198:                rebooting if softraid has been disabled.
                    199:
1.11      benno     200:        <li>Fixed hibernate setups where removal of a <a
                    201:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/umass.4">umass(4)</a> device results in
                    202:                a renumbered <a
                    203:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> boot device.
                    204:        <li>Fix hibernate on newer hardware by allowing more memory ranges.
1.26      benno     205:        <li>If CPU sleep state S4 is not available, use S5 for the
                    206:                ACPI-transitions in hibernate support.
                    207:        <li>Added code to update hw.power whenever AC state changes on
                    208:                resume.
1.22      benno     209:        <li>Fixed a panic by prohibiting renames of tmpfs mount-points.
1.26      benno     210:        <li>Fixed double free after allocation failure in <a
                    211:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bpf.4">bpf(4)</a>.
1.1       deraadt   212:   </ul>
                    213:
                    214: <li>SMP Improvements
                    215:   <ul>
1.7       benno     216:        <li>Made pipe event filters MP-safe.
                    217:        <li>Set klist lock for sockets to make socket event filters MP-safe.
                    218:        <li>Implemented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/poll.2">poll(2)</a>,
                    219:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/select.2">select(2)</a>, <a
                    220:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ppoll.2">ppoll(2)</a> and <a
                    221:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pselect.2">pselect(2)</a> on top of
                    222:                kqueue.
1.41      deraadt   223:        <li>Unlocked top part of UVM fault handler on mips64.
1.10      benno     224:        <li>Unlocked the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/kevent.2">kevent(2)</a> system call.
                    225:        <li>Made the kqread event filter MP-safe.
                    226:        <li>Reduced the time overhead of <a
                    227:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/kqueue.2">kqueue(2)</a>-based <a
                    228:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/poll.2">poll(2)</a> and <a
                    229:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/select.2">select(2)</a> systems calls by
                    230:                keeping knotes between the system calls.
1.11      benno     231:        <li>Unlocked <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/accept.2">accept(2)</a>
                    232:                and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/accept4.2">accept4(2)</a>
                    233:                syscalls.
                    234:        <li>Prevented <a
                    235:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/select.2">select(2)</a> from blocking if
                    236:                registering found pending events.
                    237:        <li>Protected <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ipsec.4">ipsec(4)</a>
                    238:                input and output with the kernel lock to allow forwarding of non-ipsec
                    239:                traffic in parallel.
                    240:        <li>Unlocked the bottom part of the uvm fault handler.
                    241:        <li>Unlocked <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getpeername.2">getpeername(2)</a>.
                    242:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bpf.4">bpf(4)</a> MP-safe.
1.14      benno     243:        <li>Implemented the <a
                    244:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/poll.2">poll(2)</a> system call on top
                    245:                of the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/kqueue.2">kqueue(2)</a>
                    246:                subsystem, obsoleting the old, non-MP-safe poll backend.
1.15      benno     247:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/audio.4">audio(4)</a> event filters MP-safe.
                    248:        <li>Unlocked <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getsockname.2">getsockname(2)</a>.
                    249:        <li>Added kernel interfaces for atomic load and store functions for int and long to be used in reference counted struct members.
1.1       deraadt   250:   </ul>
                    251:
                    252: <li>Direct Rendering Manager
                    253:   <ul>
1.5       jsg       254:        <li>Updated <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/drm.4">drm(4)</a>
                    255:            to Linux 5.15.26
                    256:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/inteldrm.4">inteldrm(4)</a>:
                    257:            support for Elkhart Lake, Jasper Lake, Rocket Lake
                    258:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/drm.4">amdgpu(4)</a>:
                    259:            support for Van Gogh APU, Rembrandt "Yellow Carp" Ryzen 6000 APU,
                    260:            Navi 22 "Navy Flounder", Navi 23 "Dimgrey Cavefish",
                    261:            Navi 24 "Beige Goby"
1.16      benno     262:        <li>Reinstated a <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/drm.4">drm(4)</a>
                    263:                workaround to get framebuffer size from efifb, preventing fatal errors
                    264:                for the BESSTAR TECH HM90 with Ryzen 9 4900H.
                    265:
1.1       deraadt   266:   </ul>
                    267:
                    268: <li>VMM/VMD improvements
                    269:   <ul>
1.8       dv        270:        <li>Retired <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-7.0/switch.4">
                    271:            switch(4)</a> support in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmd.8">
                    272:            vmd(8)</a>.
                    273:        <li>Fixed a bug where <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a>
                    274:            would exit when requesting a new VM and hitting memory resource
                    275:            limits.
                    276:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a> state
                    277:            corruption on Intel hosts.
                    278:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a> cpuid leaf
                    279:            clamping when the host has an invariant TSC.
                    280:        <li>Added quiesce/wakeup hooks to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmm.4">
                    281:            vmm(4)</a> allowing Intel hosts to suspend and hibernate safely with
                    282:            running guests.
                    283:        <li>Added a new login class for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmd.8">
                    284:            vmd(8)</a> on amd64.
1.11      benno     285:        <li>Fixed broken <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a>
                    286:                "boot device cdrom" feature after a fix in seabios.
                    287:        <li>Reintroduced support for <a
                    288:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmctl.8">vmctl(8)</a> <code>start -B net
                    289:                -b bsd.rd</code>, which emulates a PXE boot and performs an
                    290:                autoinstall.
1.16      benno     291:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a> <a
                    292:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dt.4">dt(4)</a> tracepoints amd64-only.
1.1       deraadt   293:   </ul>
                    294:
                    295: <li>Various new userland features:
                    296:   <ul>
1.7       benno     297:        <li>Added <a
                    298:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/realpath.1">realpath(1)</a>, a wrapper
                    299:                for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/realpath.3">realpath(3)</a> for
                    300:                use in ports.
                    301:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rcctl.8">rcctl(8)</a> "ls
                    302:                rogue" to show daemons which are running but not set as "enabled" in
                    303:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.conf.local.8">rc.conf.local(8)</a>.
1.16      benno     304:        <li>Implemented probe variables in BPFtrace (<a
                    305:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bt.5">bt(5)</a>).
1.7       benno     306:        <li>Provided common <a
                    307:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/btrace.8">btrace(8)</a> scripts
                    308:                kprofile.bt (to save kernel stackframes and produce flamegraphs) and
                    309:                runqlat.bt (to measure the latency of the scheduler runqueues).
1.16      benno     310:        <li>DNSSEC support: Implemented RFC6840 (AD flag processing) in the libc resolver, if
1.11      benno     311:                using trusted name servers specified with 'trust-ad' in <a
1.41      deraadt   312:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolv.conf.5">resolv.conf(5)</a>
1.14      benno     313:        <li>Enabled support for displaying an estimated battery recharge time
                    314:                in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apm.8">apm(8)</a> and <a
                    315:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/apmd.8">apmd(8)</a>.
                    316:        <li>Introduced support for storing capability databases in
                    317:                /etc/login.conf.d, allowing easy addition of custom login classes from
1.16      benno     318:                packages and made <a
                    319:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rcctl.8">rcctl(8)</a> look for the login
                    320:                class in both login.conf and login.conf.d/${class}.
                    321:        <li>Added a <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/malloc.3">malloc(3)</a>
                    322:                cache of regions between 128k and 2M to accommodate programs
                    323:                allocating and deallocating regions of these sizes quickly.
                    324: `      <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pax.1">pax(1)</a> support
                    325:                for mtime/atime/ctime extended headers (in not-SMALL builds).
                    326:        <li>Added -k flag to <a
                    327:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/gzip.1">gzip(1)</a> and <a
                    328:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/gunzip.1">gunzip(1)</a> to retain
                    329:                (de)compressed file.
1.22      benno     330:        <li>Implemented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/openrsync.1">openrsync(1)</a> --compare-dest, allowing specification of additional directories to check for files to be available.
                    331:        <li>Implemented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/openrsync.1">openrsync(1)</a> --max-size and --min-size.
1.1       deraadt   332:   </ul>
                    333:
                    334: <li>Various bugfixes and tweaks in userland:
                    335:   <ul>
1.16      benno     336:        <li>Stopped <a
                    337:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a> from
                    338:                communicating warnings starting with "XXX" which appeared to indicate
                    339:                errors.
1.7       benno     340:
1.16      benno     341:        <li>Enabled subpixel rendering in FreeType.
                    342:        <li>Updated xorg-server to 21.1.3, leaving in place an earlier change
                    343:                to compute the screen resolution from dimensions returned by the
                    344:                screen, reverted by upstream.
                    345:        <li>Allowed bare numbers for key and mouse bindings in <a
                    346:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/cwm.1">cwm(1)</a>.
                    347:        <li>Added a <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cwm.1">cwm(1)</a>
                    348:                "group-last" command that shows only the previously active group.
                    349:        <li>Fixed glass console and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getty.8">getty(8)</a> interference with Xorg on arm64.
                    350:
                    351:        <li>Fixed octal escape parsing in <a
                    352:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tr.1">tr(1)</a> backslash().
                    353:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uniq.1">uniq(1)</a>
                    354:                support for arbitrarily long input lines.
                    355:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uniq.1">uniq(1)</a> ignore
                    356:                trailing newlines when comparing lines.
                    357:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uniq.1">uniq(1)</a> skip()
                    358:                each input line only once, improving performance.
                    359:        <li>Increased <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tee.1">tee(1)</a> I/O
1.56      tj        360:                buffer size from 8KB to 64KB.
1.16      benno     361:        <li>Improved performance of <a
                    362:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rev.1">rev(1)</a>.
                    363:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ed.1">ed(1)</a> flush all
                    364:                stdio streams before running a shell command.
                    365:        <li>Prevented a file descriptor leak in <a
                    366:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/touch.1">touch(1)</a> after <a
                    367:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/futimens.2">futimens(2)</a> failure.
                    368:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/seq.1">seq(1)</a>, a
                    369:                command to print sequences of numbers.
                    370:
1.22      benno     371:        <li>Set cpuspeed to 0 in <a
                    372:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/apm.8">apm(8)</a> when hw.cpuspeed
                    373:                cannot be retrieved.
1.16      benno     374:
                    375:        <li>Copied the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cos.3">cos(3)</a>
                    376:                cosine software implementation from FreeBSD-13, and disabled assembly
                    377:                implementations of trig functions on x86 platforms.
                    378:        <li>Added optimization for tiny x in <a
                    379:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/cos.3">cos(3)</a> and <a
1.21      tj        380:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sin.3">sin(3)</a> trigonometry
                    381:                functions.
1.16      benno     382:
                    383:        <li>Switched <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aucat.1">aucat(1)</a>
                    384:                internal sample representation and default file encoding to 24-bit.
                    385:        <li>Switched <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a>
                    386:                internal sample representation to 24-bit fixed point.
                    387:
                    388:        <li>Allowed passing a different signal than SIGTERM in the default
                    389:                rc_stop() function in <a
                    390:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.subr.8">rc.subr(8)</a>.
                    391:        <li>Improved and simplified timer handling in <a
                    392:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.d.8">rc.d(8)</a> "stop" and "reload".
                    393:
1.19      krw       394:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>
                    395:                -b available on all architectures.
1.7       benno     396:        <li>Removed the constraint that <a
1.19      krw       397:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> -b block
                    398:                count and block offset must be greater than 63.
                    399:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> -b
                    400:                partitions other than EFI System partitions DOSACTIVE.
                    401:        <li>Switched to using <a
                    402:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> -b to create boot
                    403:                partitions on multiple architectures.
1.16      benno     404:        <li>Removed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>
                    405:                "disk" editing command.
1.19      krw       406:        <li>Prevented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>
                    407:                from initializing an MBR to have overlapping partitions 0 and 3.
1.16      benno     408:        <li>Allowed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> to
                    409:                extend the default OpenBSD partition to the end of the disk, rather
                    410:                than truncating at the end of the last full cylinder.
1.19      krw       411:        <li>Corrected GPT checksums written by <a
1.16      benno     412:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> on big-endian
                    413:                architectures to be little-endian as per spec.
                    414:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> -A
                    415:                preserve BIOS boot partition.
1.19      krw       416:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> -A
                    417:                preserve the EFI System partition on GPT disks with Apple APFS partitions.
                    418:        <li>Removed the builtin MBR from <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>.
                    419:        <li>Removed the "rpath" and "wpath" pledges from <a
                    420:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>.
                    421:        <li>Ensured <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>
                    422:                creates the default OpenBSD MBR partition only when there is space for it.
                    423:        <li>Ensured <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>
                    424:                does not set MBR DOSACTIVE flag on unused partitions when initializing MBR.
                    425:        <li>Reduced the alignment space <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>
                    426:                inserts before the start of the default OpenBSD partition.
1.16      benno     427:
1.7       benno     428:        <li>Merged bugfixes from upstream into <a
                    429:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/less.1">less(1)</a> including fixes for
                    430:                the prompt hiding feature (CTRL-P) and an integer overflow.
1.16      benno     431:        <li>Fixed possible use after free with long lines in <a
                    432:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/less.1">less(1)</a>.
1.7       benno     433:        <li>Fixed file descriptor leak of /dev/tty on <a
                    434:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/doas.1">doas(1)</a> auth failure.
                    435:        <li>Replaced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/lrint.3">lrint(3)</a>,
                    436:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/lrintf.3">lrintf(3)</a>, <a
                    437:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/llrint.3">llrint(3)</a> and <a
                    438:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/llrintf.3">llrintf(3)</a>
                    439:                implementations from NetBSD with the existing FreeBSD implementations
                    440:                we were already using for <a
                    441:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/lrintl.3">lrintl(3)</a> and <a
                    442:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/llrintl.3">llrintl(3)</a>.
1.16      benno     443:        <li>In various games, call <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a>
1.7       benno     444:                later to prevent it from killing various games using ncurses when both
                    445:                stdout and stderr are redirected to a non-tty.
1.16      benno     446:        <li>Switched LLD_ARCHs (architectures using the LLVM <a
                    447:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ld.lld.1">ld.lld(1)</a> linker) to also
                    448:                user the LLVM archiver <a
                    449:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/llvm-ar.1">llvm-ar(1)</a>.
1.24      benno     450:        <li>Added openvpn ports (udp/1194 &amp; tcp/1194) to /etc/services.
1.16      benno     451:        <li>Prevented an access to uninitialized memory in <a
                    452:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/awk.1">awk(1)</a>.
                    453:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vi.1">vi(1)</a> recovery
                    454:                mode.
                    455:        <li>Extended and reordered the process accounting information
                    456:                structure <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acct.5">acct(5)</a>. Flag
                    457:                Day for the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acct.2">acct(2)</a> file
                    458:                format.
                    459:        <li>Fixed <a
                    460:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/setusercontext.3">setusercontext(3)</a>
                    461:                error when /etc/login.conf is not present.
1.1       deraadt   462:   </ul>
                    463:
                    464: <li>Improved hardware support and driver bugfixes, including:
                    465:   <ul>
1.7       benno     466:        <li>Added support to <a
                    467:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pchgpio.4">pchgpio(4)</a> for Cannon
                    468:                Lake H and Tiger Lake H platforms.
                    469:        <li>Ensured use of the correct encoding in xenocara when /etc/kbdtype
                    470:                is present with an attached <a
                    471:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ucc.4">ucc(4)</a> keyboard.
                    472:        <li>Added support for tpm2 CRB interface to <a
                    473:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tpm.4">tpm(4)</a>, fixing recent S4
                    474:                regressions on the Surface Go 2 caused by a firmware change.
                    475: `      <li>Ensured armv7 and arm64 efiboot allocate fresh memory for the
                    476:                device tree with at least one page of free space to extend into. This
                    477:                fixes booting on VMWare Fusion.
1.10      benno     478:        <li>Stopped binding audio devices exposed by <a
                    479:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a> to physical
                    480:                devices. <!-- XXX check this -->
                    481:        <li>Fixed handling of interrupts shared between multiple <a
                    482:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwiic.4">swiic(4)</a> devices.
1.11      benno     483:        <li>Introduced <a
                    484:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iicmux.4">iicmux(4)</a>, a driver that
                    485:                switches between I2C busses connected to a single I2C controller by
                    486:                using the pin muxing facilities of an SoC.
                    487:        <li>Introduced <a
                    488:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pcyrtc.4">pcyrtc(4)</a>, a driver for
                    489:                the NXP PCF85063A/TP RTC chips.
                    490:        <li>Fixed a panic when running <a
                    491:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/utvfu.4">utvfu(4)</a> on <a
                    492:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/xhci.4">xhci(4)</a>.
                    493:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acpipci.4">acpipci(4)</a>
                    494:                support for interrupts represented by ACPI PCI Interrupt Link Devices,
                    495:                making PCI interrupts work on QEMU's SBSA target.
1.16      benno     496:        <li>Added handling of multi-port controllers to <a
                    497:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/uslcom.4">uslcom(4)</a>.
                    498:        <li>Make <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/com.4">com(4)</a> attach
                    499:                over <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acpi.4">acpi(4)</a> on amd64.
                    500:        <li>Added address locators for the ACPI "bus" and used these to fix
                    501:                the order of the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/com.4">com(4)</a>
                    502:                devices to match the traditional order on the ISA bus.
                    503:        <li>Added Intel Jasper Lake to the <a
                    504:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/azalia.4">azalia(4)</a> audio driver.
                    505:        <li>Ensured <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/azalia.4">azalia(4)</a>
                    506:                matches on Intel 300 Series audio, fixing attaching on the Dell G3
                    507:                3590.
                    508:        <li>Added Synopsys Designware UART support to <a
                    509:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/com.4">com(4)</a>.
                    510:        <li>Fixed an issue where <a
                    511:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/com.4">com(4)</a> would attach for a
                    512:                disabled serial port leading to misdirection of the hardware variant
                    513:                and a subsequent hang when /etc/rc runs <a
                    514:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ttyflags.8">ttyflags(8)</a> -a.
                    515:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sdhc.4">sdhc(4)</a> for
                    516:                Jasper Lake eMMC.
                    517:        <li>Improved how quirks are handled on <a
                    518:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sdhc.4">sdhc(4)</a>-compatible drivers.
                    519:        <li>Enabled <a
                    520:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/acpibat.4">acpibat(4)</a> use with the
                    521:                Surface Go 3.
                    522:        <li>Fixed suspend/resume issues with <a
                    523:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/com.4">com(4)</a> at <a
                    524:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/acpi.4">acpi(4)</a>.
                    525:        <li>Correlated <a
                    526:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/uaudio.4">uaudio(4)</a> and <a
1.31      jsg       527:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ucc.4">ucc(4)</a> devices
                    528:                to adjust the volume of the correct audio device
1.16      benno     529:                rather than the first one attached.
1.31      jsg       530:        <li>Enabled FIFO support in <a
1.16      benno     531:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pluart.4">pluart(4)</a>.
1.31      jsg       532:        <li>Added support for XBox One game controller.
1.16      benno     533:        <li>Stopped suspending the <a
                    534:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tpm.4">tpm(4)</a> device upon
                    535:                hibernation, preventing some systems from hanging when hibernating a
                    536:                second time.
                    537:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hilkbd.4">hilkbd(4)</a>
                    538:                Swedish keyboard layout on non-PS/2 style keyboards.
1.1       deraadt   539:   </ul>
                    540:
                    541: <li>New or improved network hardware support:
                    542:   <ul>
1.16      benno     543:        <li>Added support to <a
                    544:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/umb.4">umb(4)</a> for SIMCom SIM7600.
1.7       benno     545:        <li>Fixed an interrupt storm on <a
                    546:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwge.4">dwge(4)</a> variants which
                    547:                support Energy Efficient Ethernet when connected to a switch which
                    548:                does so as well.
1.28      jmatthew  549:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwge.4">dwge(4)</a> and <a
                    550:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwxe.4">dwxe(4)</a> MP-safe.</li>
1.10      benno     551:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/igc.4">igc(4)</a>, a
                    552:                driver for the Intel 2.5Gb Ethernet controllers.
1.11      benno     553:        <li>Implemented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/em.4">em(4)</a>
                    554:                support for selecting SMGII or SerDes mode depending on the plugged-in
                    555:                SFP transceiver and for reading out transceiver information via <a
                    556:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a>.
1.16      benno     557:        <li>Enabled hardware vlan tagging for <a
                    558:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ixl.4">ixl(4)</a>.
                    559:        <li>Re-enabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ixl.4">ixl(4)</a>
                    560:                IPv4, TCP4/6 and UDP4/6 checksum offloading.  \ <li>Enabled receive
                    561:                checksum offloading on <a
                    562:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ixl.4">ixl(4)</a>.
                    563:        <li>Prevented a possible deadlock in <a
                    564:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/cad.4">cad(4)</a>.
1.22      benno     565:        <li>Prevented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aq.4">aq(4)</a> nics
                    566:                from writing to mbufs taken off the ring when the interface was taken
                    567:                down.
1.28      jmatthew  568:        <li>Fixed receive filter handling and vlan packet reception in <a
1.16      benno     569:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/aq.4">aq(4)</a>.
1.28      jmatthew  570:        <li>Enabled vlan and checksum offloads in <a
1.16      benno     571:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/aq.4">aq(4)</a>.
1.28      jmatthew  572:        <li>Enabled interrupt moderation in <a
1.16      benno     573:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/aq.4">aq(4)</a>, aiming at around 20k
                    574:                per second.
                    575:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ure.4">ure(4)</a> vlan
                    576:                transmission with hw tagging.
1.28      jmatthew  577:        <li>Added preliminary <a
                    578:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ure.4">ure(4)</a> support for RTL8156B
                    579:                and bug fixes for RTL8153/RTL8156.
1.22      benno     580:        <li>Reworked <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ix.4">ix(4)</a>
                    581:                checksum/vlan offloading and enabled it for IPv6.
                    582:        <li>Enabled IP header checksum offloading in <a
                    583:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ix.4">ix(4)</a>.
1.30      jmatthew  584:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/msk.4">msk(4)</a> operation
                    585:                after interface state changes.
1.35      dv        586:        <li>Enabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmx.4">vmx(4)</a> on arm64.
1.1       deraadt   587:   </ul>
                    588:
                    589: <li>Added or improved wireless network drivers:
                    590:   <ul>
1.33      stsp      591:        <li>Introduced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mtw.4">mtw(4)</a>, a
                    592:                driver for MediaTek MT7601U USB wifi devices, enabled on amd64, i386, macppc, and arm64.
                    593:        <li>Added 802.11n Tx aggregation support to the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> driver.
                    594:        <li>Added support for 802.11n 40MHz channels, and 802.11ac 80MHz channels, to the <a
                    595:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> and <a
                    596:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> drivers.
                    597:        <li>Reset the Tx watchdog timer when a block ack notification is received by
1.7       benno     598:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> and <a
1.33      stsp      599:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> firmware to prevent spurios device timeouts.
                    600:        <li>Prevent invalid net80211 state transitions in the
                    601:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> and
                    602:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> drivers
                    603:                to avoid a potential hang.
1.7       benno     604:        <li>Fixed a panic when <a
                    605:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> cannot find firmware
                    606:                at boot time.
                    607:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a>
                    608:                performance drop after roaming between APs in 11n mode.
1.33      stsp      609:        <li>When roaming with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> or
                    610:           <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a>, keep the old BSSID available for use by firmware
                    611:           commands which tear down device state before switching to the new AP.
                    612:        <li>Fix race conditions in the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> and
                    613:           <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> drivers while roaming between APs with
                    614:           outstanding frames on transmit queues.
1.7       benno     615:        <li>Reverted to use <a
                    616:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> firmware v17 on Intel
                    617:                AC 7265, fixing instability issues on X1 Carbon gen3.
1.33      stsp      618:        <li>Explicitly stop <a
                    619:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> Rx block ack sessions when
1.7       benno     620:                roaming between access points.
1.11      benno     621:        <li>Fixed monitor mode on <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a>.
                    622:        <li>Let <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> and <a
                    623:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> use per-Tx-queue
1.33      stsp      624:                interface timers to ensure the Tx watchdog triggers if a particular Tx queue gets
1.11      benno     625:                stuck.
1.33      stsp      626:        <li>Switched <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> to new -67 firmware images, and updated <a
                    627:            href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> 9260 and 9560 firmware, to address INTEL-SA-00509.
1.11      benno     628:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> attach to PCI devices with product ID 0x31dc, part of the 9560 chip family.
1.33      stsp      629:        <li>Fixed wrong pointer assignment causing the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a>
                    630:        driver to read Rx block ack request information from the wrong offset.
                    631:        <li>Fixed and reenabled use of probe requests during scans on <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a>.
                    632:        <li>Fixed attach of multiple <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> or <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> interfaces in the same machine.
                    633:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwn.4">iwn(4)</a> with 4965 devices.
1.15      benno     634:        <li>Improved roaming stability on <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwn.4">iwn(4)</a>, particularly with wpa_supplicant.
1.16      benno     635:        <li>Added relicensed wireless firmwares from Realtek for <a
                    636:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rsu.4">rsu(4)</a>, <a
                    637:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rtwn.4">rtwn(4)</a> and <a
                    638:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/urtwn.4">urtwn(4)</a> devices, allowing
                    639:                these devices to work without requiring a separate firmware download.
                    640:        <li>Added a workaround for buggy <a
                    641:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a> devices to prevent
                    642:                filling up the node cache when used in hostap mode.
                    643:        <li>Applied a workaround in <a
                    644:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvkpcie.4">mvkpcie(4)</a> to fix an
                    645:                external abort under load with <a
                    646:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a>.
                    647:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a> attach
                    648:                to the Sony UWA-BR100.
                    649:        <li>Fixed "(null node)" panics on <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/run.4">run(4)</a>.
                    650:        <li>Disabled minimum power consumption in <a
                    651:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a> hostap mode,
                    652:                improving connection reliability when used as an access point.
                    653:        <li>Added support for the BCM4387 to <a
                    654:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm.4">bwfm(4)</a>.
                    655:        <li>Improved TX performance on <a
                    656:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/urtwn.4">urtwn(4)</a> RTL8192EU devices.
                    657:        <li>Fix TX rate used by <a
                    658:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rtwn.4">rtwn(4)</a> and <a
                    659:                        href="https://man.openbsd.org/urtwn.4">urtwn(4)</a> for RTS frames.
1.1       deraadt   660:   </ul>
                    661:
                    662: <li>IEEE 802.11 wireless stack improvements and bugfixes:
                    663:   <ul>
1.7       benno     664:        <li>Added an ADDBA_OFFLOAD capability for wifi devices to manage Tx block ack sessions entirely in firmware.
1.33      stsp      665:        <li>Added support for 40MHz channels to net80211 Tx rate adaptation in 11n mode.
1.7       benno     666:        <li>Added monitoring of 20/40MHz channel width changes in beacons sent by our access point, notifying drivers when the channel width has changed.
1.33      stsp      667:        <li>Introduced an optional background-scan handler for wireless drivers, which drivers can use to take control of the device teardown sequence, ensuring that race conditions between firmware state and net80211 state are avoided.
                    668:        <li>Taught the net80211 stack to remove corresponding frames from ic_pwrsaveq when a power-saving client decides to leave our hostap interface, preventing a panic in the <a
                    669:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a> driver.
1.15      benno     670:        <li>Added initial 802.11ac (VHT) support to the wifi stack.
1.33      stsp      671:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpdump.8">tcpdump(8)</a> show 802.11ac VHT capability and operation IEs with the IEEE802_11_RADIO data link type (-y) in verbose (-v) mode.
                    672:        <li>Added 802.11ac/VHT TX rate adaptation support to net80211.
1.15      benno     673:        <li>When choosing networks during SSID selection, give a higher score to 11ac and 11n access points, prioritizing 11ac.
1.33      stsp      674:        <li>When choosing from a set of access points for a given SSID, prefer APs on 5GHz channels over APs on 2GHz channels. This was already supposed to happen in earlier OpenBSD releases but did not always work as intended.
1.1       deraadt   675:   </ul>
                    676:
                    677: <li>Generic network stack improvements and bugfixes:
                    678:   <ul>
1.7       benno     679:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a> $nr incorrect macro expansion.
1.15      benno     680:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a> rdr-to rules failing on certain port ranges when explicitly specified.
                    681:        <li>Ensured the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> "set prio" values are checked consistently.
1.11      benno     682:        <li>Made "set skip on ..." in <a
                    683:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.conf.5">pf.conf(5)</a> dynamic, with
                    684:                this, "set skip" can be used on interfaces that are not configured
                    685:                yet.
1.22      benno     686:        <li>Protected <a
                    687:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfsync.4">pfsync(4)</a> tdb flags and
                    688:                lists with a mutex to prevent crashes involving pfsync, IPsec and
                    689:                parallel forwarding.
                    690:
                    691:        <li>Added support for PPP IPCP extensions for DNS to <a
                    692:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sppp.4">sppp(4)</a>.
                    693:        <li>Added display of DNS information from <a
                    694:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sppp.4">sppp(4)</a> to <a
                    695:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a>.
                    696:        <li>Switched to calculating <a
                    697:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pppoe.4">pppoe(4)</a> session duration
                    698:                using system uptime rather than UTC.
                    699:
                    700:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/veb.4">veb(4)</a> vport
                    701:                handling to prevent improper drop of packets leaving a vport
                    702:                interface.
                    703:        <li>Prevented tweaks to <a
                    704:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tun.4">tun(4)</a> if_flags when the
                    705:                NET_LOCK isn't held.
                    706:        <li>Prevented reopening of <a
                    707:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tun.4">tun(4)</a>/<a
                    708:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tap.4">tap(4)</a> interfaces which are
                    709:                being destroyed.
1.15      benno     710:        <li>Rewrote <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vxlan.4">vxlan(4)</a> to
                    711:                operate independently of <a
                    712:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/bridge.4">bridge(4)</a>, create and bind
                    713:                udp sockets and prevent loops.
1.22      benno     714:        <li>Stopped hiding the mtu on "bridge" interfaces which do handle l3
                    715:                traffic in <a
                    716:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a>.
                    717:        <li>Added mbuf tags to prevent output loops in <a
                    718:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/etherip.4">etherip(4)</a>.
                    719:        <li>Added rtable capability to <a
                    720:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/login.conf.5">login.conf(5)</a>,
                    721:                allowing to specify the rtable a process uses.
                    722:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/su.1">su(1)</a> honor the
                    723:                login class routing table when doing a full login with su -l.
                    724:        <li>Fix IP output routines on raw sockets so route sourceaddr can
                    725:                take effect using <a
                    726:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/sendto.2">sendto(2)</a> or similar.
                    727:        <li>Ensured <a
                    728:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pcap_lookupdev.3">pcap_lookupdev(3)</a>
                    729:                matches only on complete interface names.
1.1       deraadt   730:   </ul>
                    731:
                    732: <li>Installer and upgrade improvements:
                    733:   <ul>
1.22      benno     734:        <li>Corrected installer to understand "inet autoconf" properly in <a
1.7       benno     735:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/hostname.if.5">hostname.if(5)</a> files.
1.22      benno     736:        <li>Stopped prompting whether to fall back to HTTP in the installer,
                    737:                making the fallback automatic.
1.7       benno     738:        <li>Used <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a>
                    739:                "join" command by default in <a
                    740:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/hostname.if.5">hostname.if(5)</a> files,
                    741:                replacing the old "nwid".
1.22      benno     742:        <li>Replace custom bootloader installation code with <a
                    743:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/installboot.8">installboot(8)</a> on
                    744:                riscv64 and armv7 architecture installations.
                    745:        <li>New logic for <a
                    746:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a> to avoid
                    747:                excessive moving of files during updates when possible.
                    748:        <li>Documented OpenBSD installation and upgrade customization using the <a
                    749:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/install.site.5">install.site(5)</a> file.
1.10      benno     750:        <li>Corrected "!" escape handling in the installer when accepting WEP/WPA passphrase.
1.22      benno     751:        <li>Prevented a potential race which could make <a
                    752:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/umount.8">umount(8)</a> fail spuriously
                    753:                in the installer.
                    754:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/config.8">config(8)</a> -e
                    755:                work with ramdisk kernels.
1.11      benno     756:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/config.8">config(8)</a> -c
                    757:                cmdfile use lines from the command file for all input, not just
                    758:                commands. This allows complex actions like changing device parameters.
1.22      benno     759:        <li>Ensured that an interrupted arm64 install from the ramdisk kernel
                    760:                can be restarted.
1.41      deraadt   761:        <li>Made redistributable firmwares available across all architectures.
1.11      benno     762:        <li>Returned to a shell-script based <a
                    763:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fw_update.8">fw_update(8)</a>, written
                    764:                to be usable by the install script, allowing earlier retrieval of
                    765:                downloaded firmwares.
                    766:        <li>Stopped <a
                    767:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fw_update.8">fw_update(8)</a> from
                    768:                downloading SHA256.sig when not needed, to allow installing local
                    769:                files without network access.
                    770:        <li>Modified the installer to use <a
                    771:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fw_update.8">fw_update(8)</a> to install
                    772:                non-free firmware files if present on the install media.
1.22      benno     773:        <li>Made <a
                    774:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fw_update.8">fw_update(8)</a>
                    775:                re-download existing files with failed checksums.
                    776:        <li>Made <a
                    777:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/fw_update.8">fw_update(8)</a> use the
                    778:                /snapshots directory only on -current snapshot installations.
1.1       deraadt   779:   </ul>
                    780:
                    781: <li>Security improvements:
                    782:   <ul>
1.22      benno     783:        <li>Clear the length of keys in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vnconfig.8">vnconfig(8)</a> alongside keys themselves.
1.7       benno     784:        <li>Removed hifn(4), safe(4) and ubsec(4) crypto drivers.
                    785:        <li>Added call to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a> to restrict <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/stty.1">stty(1)</a> -f filesystem access.
1.10      benno     786:        <li>Disabled <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xterm.1">xterm(1)</a> mouse tracking by default.
1.22      benno     787:        <li>On arm64 architectures, use "rng-seed" and "kaslr-seed" properties from the device tree to mix extra entropy into the random pool.
1.15      benno     788:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apmd.8">apmd(8)</a> replace /etc/random.seed for hibernate-resumes.
1.11      benno     789:        <li>Restricted <a
                    790:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/usbhidctl.1">usbhidctl(1)</a> and <a
                    791:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/usbhidaction.1">usbhidaction(1)</a> file
                    792:                system access with <a
                    793:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a>.
1.14      benno     794:        <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ps.1">ps(1)</a> status flag "c" to indicate a process is chrooted.
1.15      benno     795:        <li>In <a
                    796:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/rpc.rusersd.8">rpc.rusersd(8)</a> <a
                    797:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a> "/dev" read-only
                    798:                instead of using <a
                    799:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/chroot.2">chroot(2)</a>.
1.1       deraadt   800:   </ul>
                    801:
                    802: <li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
                    803:   <ul>
1.40      benno     804:
                    805:        <li><i>switchd(8)</i>, the software-defined networking (SDN) sflow
                    806:                controller was removed. While interesting the OpenFlow implementation
                    807:                never managed to really get into a usable state.
1.11      benno     808:        <li>Switched <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/nsd.8">nsd(8)</a> to enable default DNS cookies on, matching behavior as released in OpenBSD 7.0.
1.7       benno     809:        <li>Ensured enabled resolvers are honored by <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a> to keep unused forwarders disabled properly.
1.11      benno     810:        <li>Installed missing scope identifiers for IPv6 link-local addresses for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolvd.8">resolvd(8)</a>.
                    811:        <li>Allowed interface names as scope-id in IPv6 link-local addresses in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unbound.8">unbound(8)</a>.
1.15      benno     812:        <li>Let <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a> probe for DNS64 presence with an absolute name, so asr doesn't add search domains and retry.
1.7       benno     813:        <li>Stopped duplicating "Connection: close" headers in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>, only adding it if it's not a websocket response.
1.11      benno     814:        <li>Modified <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/syslog.conf.5">syslog.conf(5)</a> examples to use TLS rather than the plaintext protocols.
                    815:        <li>Stopped ignoring <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/carp.4">carp(4)</a> interfaces in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpleased.8">dhcpleased(8)</a>.
                    816:        <li>Made the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpleased.8">dhcpleased(8)</a> host name DHCP option configurable.
                    817:        <li>Prevented a crash in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a> due to updating an interface which no longer exists.
1.15      benno     818:        <li>Prevented a potential crash when <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a> receives more than 7 nameservers.
                    819:        <li>Fixed crash in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a> when receiving a negative length field for DNS labels.
1.11      benno     820:        <li>Fix <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a> in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a>, create permissions are required for databases.
                    821:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a> start listening on interface in 'down' state. Interfaces can come up later, at which point dhcpd(8) will start receiving packets.
                    822:        <li>Added a basic printer for EAPOL packets to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpdump.8">tcpdump(8)</a>.
1.15      benno     823:        <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a> print out the source address and sequence number when the signature on an icmp echo reply doesn't match.
                    824:        <li>Rate limit <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rad.8">rad(8)</a> router advertisements according to RFC 4861.
1.22      benno     825:
1.25      benno     826:        <li>In <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>,
                    827:        <ul>
1.29      jsg       828:            <li>Stop verifying the cert or CA for a relay using opportunistic TLS.
1.25      benno     829:            <li>Enabled TLS verify by default for outbound "smtps://" and "smtp+tls://", restoring documented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a> behavior.
                    830:        </ul>
                    831:
1.22      benno     832:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> received new features and bugfixes:
                    833:        <ul>
                    834:            <li>Respond with 400 Bad Request when a client sends header lines without a colon.
                    835:            <li>Added protocol version checking.
                    836:            <li>Annotated an <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> 413 error with "request body too large" in the error log.
                    837:            <li>Corrected <a
                    838:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> version string
                    839:                checking, responding with 505 Version Not Supported rather than 400
                    840:                Bad Request when the version format is incorrect.
                    841:            <li>Stop sending content alongside responses to HEAD requests.
                    842:            <li>Added support for custom error pages.
                    843:            <li>Added a gzip-static option to <a
                    844:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.conf.5">httpd.conf(5)</a>,
                    845:                allowing delivery of precompressed files with content-encoding gzip.
                    846:            <li>Improved handling of static compressed gzip files.
                    847:        </ul>
                    848:
1.29      jsg       849:        <li>IPsec support was improved:
1.22      benno     850:        <ul>
                    851:            <li>Made <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.conf.5">iked.conf(5)</a> proto config option accept a list to allow specifying multiple protocols for a single policy.
                    852:            <li>Fixed removal of SAs that could not be flushed with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ipsecctl.8">ipsecctl(8)</a> -F.
                    853:            <li>Changed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/isakmpd.8">isakmpd(8)</a> to log a warning when proto is NULL rather than dereferencing it.
                    854:            <li>Fixed broken key exchange negotiation with matching proposals in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>.
                    855:            <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ikectl.8">ikectl(8)</a> "show certinfo" to show trusted CAs and certificates.
                    856:            <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> -V to display the version.
                    857:            <li>Fixed a bug where <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> sent zero-prefixed NAT-T messages on port 500, causing parsing errors.
                    858:            <li>Improved message fragment retransmissions for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>.
                    859:            <li>Make sure <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a> vroute messages are correctly aligned, fixes autoconfiguration of addresses on octeon.
                    860:        </ul>
1.34      claudio   861:        <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rpki-client.8">rpki-client(8)</a> was
                    862:                made more resilient regarding untrusted input. The following
                    863:                bugfixes and improvements were made:
1.22      benno     864:        <ul>
                    865:            <li>Added support for validating BGPsec Router Public Keys.
                    866:            <li>Fix issues with chunked transfer encoding in the RRDP HTTP client.
                    867:            <li>Cleanup and improvement of how IO is handled.
                    868:            <li>Improvements in the way X509 certificates are verified.
                    869:            <li>Limit the number of concurrent rsync processes.
                    870:            <li>Fix CRLF in tal files.
                    871:            <li>Enforce the correct namespace of rrdp files.
                    872:            <li>Fail certificate verification if a certificate contains unknown
                    873:                critical extensions.
                    874:            <li>Improve cleanup of rrdp directory contents.
                    875:            <li>Introduce a validated cache which holds all the files that have
                    876:                successfully been verified by rpki-client.
1.24      benno     877:            <li>Add a new option '-f &lt;file&gt;' to validate a signed object in a file
1.22      benno     878:                against the RPKI cache.
                    879:            <li>Add various RFC 6488 compliance checks to improve the CMS parser.
                    880:            <li>Improve RRDP replication through less aggressive cache cleanup.
                    881:            <li>Add a check whether a given Manifest EE certificate is listed on the
                    882:                applicable CRL.
                    883:            <li>For forward compatibility permit ASPA object to appear on Manifests.
1.24      benno     884:            <li>Various improvements to the '-f &lt;file&gt;' diagnostic option to
1.22      benno     885:                now also validate files containing Trust Anchor certs and CRLs.
                    886:            <li>Do not apply timezone offsets when converting X509 times.  X509
                    887:                times are in UTC and comparing them to times in different timezones
                    888:                would cause validity problems.
                    889:        </ul>
                    890:        <li>In <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.conf.5">bgpd(8)</a>,
                    891:        <ul>
1.29      jsg       892:            <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd</a> login
1.22      benno     893:                class datasize attribute (in <a
                    894:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/login.conf.5">login.conf(5)</a>) was set
                    895:                to either 16G or 1G, depending on architecture.
1.34      claudio   896:            <li>Macro expansion in the config file was improved. It is now possible
                    897:                to expand 'set large-community $myAS:$location:$transit'.
                    898:            <li>Added a "port" option to "listen on" and the "neighbor" section
                    899:                in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.conf.5">bgpd.conf(5)</a> to make it
1.22      benno     900:                possible to bind and connect to non-default ports.
1.34      claudio   901:            <li>The RIB codebase was refactored in order to add multipath
                    902:                support in an upcoming release.
1.22      benno     903:        </ul>
1.1       deraadt   904:   </ul>
                    905:
                    906: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux">tmux(1)</a> improvements and bug fixes:
                    907:   <ul>
1.7       benno     908:        <li>Fixed a crash in <a
                    909:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> when a session with
                    910:                multiple clients is destroyed but tmux does not close completely due
                    911:                to other sessions.
                    912:        <li>Fixed a <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>
                    913:                redraw problem on automargin terminals.
                    914:        <li>Fixed a problem with repeat in <a
                    915:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> copy mode.
                    916:        <li>Added -T to set a popup title in <a
                    917:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>.
                    918:        <li>Added -s and -S to <a
                    919:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> display-popup to set
                    920:                popup and border style.
                    921:        <li>Fixed application-set fg and bg in <a
                    922:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> panes.
                    923:        <li>Added a way to force a color to RGB in <a
                    924:                href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> and a format to
                    925:                display it.
1.10      benno     926:        <li>Added a cursor-colour option to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>.
                    927:        <li>Added a cursor-style option to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>.
1.11      benno     928:        <li>Added a pane-border-format pane option to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>.
                    929:        <li>Added attempts to turn on less-capable mouse modes when <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> turns on more-capable ones, in case the terminal doesn't support the desired mode.
1.14      benno     930:        <li>Added a <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> option to show arrows for the active pane indicator.
                    931:        <li>Added a key in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> copy mode to toggle the position indicator.
1.15      benno     932:        <li>Added an option in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> to set the character for unused areas of the terminal.
                    933:        <li>Add <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> option to control if it scrolls into history on clear.
                    934:        <li>Added OSC 7 capability to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> for setting titles.
1.1       deraadt   935:   </ul>
                    936:
1.42      deraadt   937: <li>LibreSSL version 3.5.2
1.1       deraadt   938:   <ul>
                    939:     <li>New Features
                    940:     <ul>
1.9       inoguchi  941:       <li>The RFC 3779 API was ported from OpenSSL.<br>
                    942:          Many bugs were fixed, regression tests were added and the code was cleaned up.
                    943:       <li>Certificate Transparency was ported from OpenSSL.<br>
                    944:           Many internal improvements were made, resulting in cleaner and safer code.<br>
                    945:           Regress coverage was added. libssl does not yet make use of it.
1.1       deraadt   946:     </ul>
                    947:
                    948:     <li>Portable Improvements
                    949:     <ul>
1.9       inoguchi  950:       <li>Enabled ASAN CI on Linux platform.<br>
                    951:       <li>Fixed various POSIX compliance and other portability issues<br>
                    952:           found by the port to the Sortix operating system.
                    953:       <li>Add libmd as platform specific libraries for Solaris.<br>
                    954:       <li>Set IA-64 compiler flag only if it is HP-UX with IA-64.<br>
                    955:       <li>Enabled and scheduled Coverity scan.<br>
1.1       deraadt   956:     </ul>
                    957:
1.9       inoguchi  958:     <li>Compatibility Changes
                    959:     <ul>
                    960:       <li>Most structs that were previously defined in the following headers
                    961:           are now opaque as they are in OpenSSL 1.1:<br>
                    962:           bio.h, bn.h, comp.h, dh.h, dsa.h, evp.h, hmac.h, ocsp.h, rsa.h,
                    963:           x509.h, x509v3.h, x509_vfy.h
                    964:       <li>Switch TLSv1.3 cipher names from AEAD- to OpenSSL's TLS_<br>
                    965:           OpenSSL added the TLSv1.3 ciphersuites with "RFC names" instead
                    966:           of using something consistent with the previous naming.<br>
                    967:           Various test suites expect these names (instead of checking for the much
                    968:           more sensible cipher numbers).<br>
                    969:           The old names are still accepted as aliases.
                    970:       <li>Subject alternative names and name constraints are now validated
                    971:           when they are added to certificates.<br>
                    972:           Various interoperability problems with stacks that validate
                    973:           certificates more strictly than OpenSSL can be avoided this way.
                    974:       <li>Attempt to opportunistically use the host name for SNI in s_client
1.57    ! jsing     975:       <li>Allow non-standard name constraints of the form @domain.com.
1.9       inoguchi  976:     </ul>
                    977:
                    978:     <li>Bug fixes
1.1       deraadt   979:     <ul>
1.9       inoguchi  980:       <li>Avoid infinite loop for custom curves of order 1.<br>
                    981:       <li>Avoid infinite loop on parsing DSA private keys.<br>
                    982:       <li>A malicious certificate can cause an infinite loop.<br>
                    983:       <li>In some situations, the verifier would discard the error on an
                    984:           unvalidated certificate chain.<br>
                    985:           This would happen when the verification callback was in use,
                    986:           instructing the verifier to continue unconditionally.<br>
                    987:           This could lead to incorrect decisions being made in software.
                    988:       <li>Avoid an infinite loop in SSL_shutdown()
                    989:       <li>Fix another return 0 bug in SSL_shutdown()
                    990:       <li>Handle zero byte reads/writes that trigger handshakes in the
                    991:           TLSv1.3 stack
                    992:       <li>A long standing memleak in libtls CRL handling was fixed
1.57    ! jsing     993:       <li>Avoid single byte overread in asn1_parse2().
        !           994:       <li>Allow name constraints with a leading dot.
        !           995:       <li>Relax a check in x509_constraints_dirname() to allow prefixes.
        !           996:       <li>Fix NULL dereferences in openssl(1) cms option parsing.
        !           997:       <li>Do not zero the computed cofactor on ec_guess_cofactor() success.
        !           998:       <li>Bound cofactor in EC_GROUP_set_generator() to reduce the number of
        !           999:           bogus groups that can be described with nonsensical parameters.
        !          1000:       <li>Avoid various potential segfaults in EVP_PKEY_CTX_free() in low
        !          1001:           memory conditions.
        !          1002:       <li>Plug leak in ASN1_TIME_adj_internal().
1.1       deraadt  1003:     </ul>
                   1004:
1.9       inoguchi 1005:     <li>Internal Improvements
1.1       deraadt  1006:     <ul>
1.9       inoguchi 1007:       <li>Cache the SHA-512 hash instead of the SHA-1 hash and cache
                   1008:           notBefore and notAfter times when X.509 certificates are parsed.
                   1009:       <li>The X.509 lookup code has been simplified and cleaned up.
                   1010:       <li>Fixed numerous issues flagged by coverity and the cryptofuzz project
                   1011:       <li>Increased the number of Miller-Rabin checks in DH and DSA
                   1012:           key/parameter generation
                   1013:       <li>Started using the bytestring API in libcrypto for cleaner and
                   1014:           safer code
                   1015:       <li>Convert {i2d,d2i}_{,EC_,DSA_,RSA_}PUBKEY{,_bio,_fp}() to templated
                   1016:           ASN1
1.44      tb       1017:       <li>Convert ASN1_OBJECT_new(), ASN1_STRING_type_new(), ASN1_PCTX_new(),
1.57    ! jsing    1018:           X509_CRL_METHOD_new(), and pkey_hmac_init() to using calloc() instead
        !          1019:           of malloc()
1.9       inoguchi 1020:       <li>Rewrite ASN1_STRING_cmp()
                   1021:       <li>Replace asn1_tlc_clear and asn1_tlc_clear_nc macros with a function
                   1022:       <li>Consolidate {d2i,i2d}_{pr,pu}.c
                   1023:       <li>Remove handling of a NULL BUF_MEM from asn1_collect()
                   1024:       <li>Pull the recursion depth check up to the top of asn1_collect()
                   1025:       <li>Inline collect_data() in asn1_collect()
                   1026:       <li>Convert asn1_d2i_ex_primitive()/asn1_collect() from BUF_MEM to CBB
                   1027:       <li>Clean up d2i_ASN1_BOOLEAN() and i2d_ASN1_BOOLEAN()
                   1028:       <li>Consolidate ASN.1 universal tag type data
                   1029:       <li>Rewrite ASN.1 identifier/length parsing in CBS
                   1030:       <li>Make OBJ_obj2nid() work correctly with NID_undef
                   1031:       <li>tlsext_tick_lifetime_hint is now an uint32_t
                   1032:       <li>Untangle ssl3_get_message() return values
                   1033:       <li>Rename tls13_buffer to tls_buffer
                   1034:       <li>Fold DTLS_STATE_INTERNAL into DTLS1_STATE
                   1035:       <li>Provide a way to determine our maximum legacy version
                   1036:       <li>Mop up enc_read_ctx and read_hash
                   1037:       <li>Fold SSL_SESSION_INTERNAL into SSL_SESSION
                   1038:       <li>Use ssl_force_want_read in the DTLS code
                   1039:       <li>Add record processing limit to DTLS code
                   1040:       <li>Add explicit CBS_contains_zero_byte() check in CBS_strdup()
                   1041:       <li>Improve SNI hostname validation
                   1042:       <li>Ensure SSL_set_tlsext_host_name() is given a valid hostname
                   1043:       <li>Fix a strange check in the auto DH codepath
                   1044:       <li>Factor out/rewrite DHE key exchange
                   1045:       <li>Convert server serialisation of DHE parameters/public key to new
                   1046:           functions
                   1047:       <li>Check DH public key in ssl_kex_peer_public_dhe()
                   1048:       <li>Move the minimum DHE key size check into ssl_kex_peer_params_dhe()
                   1049:       <li>Clean up and refactor server side DHE key exchange
1.44      tb       1050:       <li>Provide CBS_get_last_u8(), CBS_get_u64(), CBS_add_u64() and various
                   1051:           CBS_peek_* functions.
1.9       inoguchi 1052:       <li>Use CBS_get_last_u8() to find the content type in TLSv1.3 records
                   1053:       <li>unifdef TLS13_USE_LEGACY_CLIENT_AUTH
                   1054:       <li>Correct SSL_get_peer_cert_chain() when used with the TLSv1.3 stack
                   1055:       <li>Only allow zero length key shares when we know we're doing HRR
                   1056:       <li>Pull key share group/length CBB code up from
                   1057:           tls13_key_share_public()
                   1058:       <li>Refactor ssl3_get_server_kex_ecdhe() to separate parsing and
                   1059:           validation
                   1060:       <li>Return 0 on failure from send/get kex functions in the legacy
                   1061:           stack
                   1062:       <li>Rename tls13_key_share to tls_key_share
                   1063:       <li>Allocate and free the EVP_AEAD_CTX struct in
                   1064:           tls13_record_protection
1.44      tb       1065:       <li>Convert legacy TLS client and server to tls_key_share
1.9       inoguchi 1066:       <li>Stop attempting to duplicate the public and private key of dh_tmp
                   1067:       <li>Rename dh_tmp to dhe_params
                   1068:       <li>Rename CERT to SSL_CERT and CERT_PKEY to SSL_CERT_PKEY
                   1069:       <li>Clean up pkey handling in ssl3_get_server_key_exchange()
                   1070:       <li>Fix GOST skip certificate verify handling
                   1071:       <li>Simplify tlsext_keyshare_server_parse()
                   1072:       <li>Plumb decode errors through key share parsing code
                   1073:       <li>Simplify SSL_get_peer_certificate()
                   1074:       <li>Cleanup/simplify ssl_cert_type()
                   1075:       <li>The S3I macro was removed
                   1076:       <li>The openssl(1) cms, smime and ts subcommands option handling was
                   1077:           converted and the C source was cleaned up.
1.57    ! jsing    1078:       <li>Limit OID text conversion to 64 bits per arc.
        !          1079:       <li>Clean up and simplify memory BIO code.
        !          1080:       <li>Reduce number of memmove() calls in memory BIOs.
        !          1081:       <li>Factor out alert handling code in the legacy stack.
        !          1082:       <li>Add sanity checks on p and q in old_dsa_priv_decode()
        !          1083:       <li>Cache the SHA-512 hash instead of the SHA-1 for CRLs.
        !          1084:       <li>Suppress various compiler warnings for old gcc versions.
        !          1085:       <li>Remove free_cont from asn1_d2i_ex_primitive()/asn1_ex_c2i().
        !          1086:       <li>Rework ownership handling in x509_constraints_validate().
        !          1087:       <li>Rework ASN1_STRING_set().
        !          1088:       <li>Remove const from tls1_transcript_hash_value().
        !          1089:       <li>Clean up and simplify ssl3_renegotiate{,_check}().
        !          1090:       <li>Rewrite legacy TLS and DTLS unexpected handshake message handling.
        !          1091:       <li>Simplify SSL_do_handshake().
        !          1092:       <li>Rewrite ASCII/text to ASN.1 object conversion.
        !          1093:       <li>Provide t2i_ASN1_OBJECT_internal() and use it for OBJ_txt2obj().
        !          1094:       <li>Split armv7 and aarch64 code into separate locations.
        !          1095:       <li>Provide asn1_get_primitive().
        !          1096:       <li>Convert {c2i,d2i}_ASN1_OBJECT() to CBS.
        !          1097:       <li>Remove the minimum record length checks from dtls1_read_bytes().
        !          1098:       <li>Clean up {dtls1,ssl3}_read_bytes().
        !          1099:       <li>Be more careful with embedded and terminating NULs in the new
        !          1100:             name constraints code.
        !          1101:       <li>Various minor code cleanup in openssl(1) pkcs12.
        !          1102:       <li>Simplify priv_key handling in d2i_ECPrivateKey().
1.1       deraadt  1103:     </ul>
                   1104:
1.9       inoguchi 1105:     <li>Documentation improvements
1.1       deraadt  1106:     <ul>
1.9       inoguchi 1107:       <li>45 new manual pages, most of which were written from scratch.<br>
                   1108:           Documentation coverage of ASN.1 and X.509 code has been
                   1109:           significantly improved.
1.57    ! jsing    1110:       <li>Update d2i_ASN1_OBJECT(3) documentation to reflect reality after
        !          1111:           refactoring and bug fixes.
        !          1112:       <li>Fixed numerous minor grammar, spelling, wording, and punctuation
        !          1113:           issues.
1.1       deraadt  1114:     </ul>
                   1115:   </ul>
                   1116:
1.54      dtucker  1117: <li>OpenSSH 9.0
1.1       deraadt  1118:  <ul>
                   1119:   <li>Security
                   1120:   <ul>
1.47      dtucker  1121:     <!-- OpenSSH 8.9 -->
1.50      dtucker  1122:     <li>Near miss in <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
1.47      dtucker  1123:         fix an integer overflow in the user authentication path
                   1124:         that, in conjunction with other logic errors, could have yielded
                   1125:         unauthenticated access under difficult to exploit conditions.<br>
                   1126:         This situation is not exploitable because of independent checks in
                   1127:         the privilege separation monitor. Privilege separation has been
1.49      dtucker  1128:         enabled by default in since <a href="32.html">OpenBSD 3.2</a> (released in 2002) and
                   1129:         has been mandatory since <a href="61.html">OpenBSD 6.1</a> (released in 2017).<br>
1.1       deraadt  1130:   </ul>
                   1131:   <li>Potentially incompatible changes
                   1132:   <ul>
1.47      dtucker  1133:     <!-- OpenSSH 8.9 -->
                   1134:     <li>In OpenSSH 8.9 the FIDO security key middleware interface
                   1135:         changed and increments SSH_SK_VERSION_MAJOR.
1.51      dtucker  1136:     <!-- OpenSSH 9.0 -->
                   1137:     <li>This release switches <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a>
                   1138:         from using the legacy scp/rcp protocol
                   1139:         to using the SFTP protocol by default.<br>
                   1140:         Legacy scp/rcp performs wildcard expansion of remote filenames (e.g.
                   1141:         "scp host:* .") through the remote shell. This has the side effect of
                   1142:         requiring double quoting of shell meta-characters in file names
                   1143:         included on <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a>
                   1144:         command-lines, otherwise they could be interpreted
                   1145:         as shell commands on the remote side.<br>
                   1146:         This creates one area of potential incompatibility:
                   1147:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a> when using
                   1148:         the SFTP protocol no longer requires this finicky and brittle quoting,
                   1149:         and attempts to use it may cause transfers to fail. We consider the
                   1150:         removal of the need for double-quoting shell characters in file names
                   1151:         to be a benefit and do not intend to introduce bug-compatibility for
                   1152:         legacy scp/rcp in <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a>
                   1153:         when using the SFTP protocol.<br>
                   1154:         Another area of potential incompatibility relates to the use of remote
                   1155:         paths relative to other user's home directories, for example -
                   1156:         "scp host:~user/file /tmp". The SFTP protocol has no native way to
                   1157:         expand a ~user path. However,
                   1158:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8>sftp-server(8)</a>
                   1159:         in OpenSSH 8.7 and later support a protocol extension
                   1160:         "expand-path@openssh.com" to support this.<br>
                   1161:         In case of incompatibility, the
                   1162:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a> client may be instructed to use
                   1163:         the legacy scp/rcp using the -O flag.
1.1       deraadt  1164:   </ul>
                   1165:
                   1166:   <li>New features
                   1167:   <ul>
1.47      dtucker  1168:     <!-- OpenSSH 8.9 -->
1.50      dtucker  1169:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1170:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>,
                   1171:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1>ssh-add(1)</a>,
                   1172:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>:
                   1173:         add a system for restricting forwarding and use of keys added to
                   1174:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>
1.47      dtucker  1175:         A detailed description of the feature is available at
                   1176:         https://www.openssh.com/agent-restrict.html and the protocol
1.53      dtucker  1177:         extensions are documented in the
                   1178:         <a href="https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/src/usr.bin/ssh/PROTOCOL?annotate=OPENBSD_7_1"
                   1179:         >PROTOCOL</a> and
                   1180:         <a href="https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/src/usr.bin/ssh/PROTOCOL.agent?annotate=OPENBSD_7_1"
                   1181:         >PROTOCOL.agent</a> files in the source release.
1.50      dtucker  1182:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1183:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1184:         add the sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com hybrid
1.47      dtucker  1185:         ECDH/x25519 + Streamlined NTRU Prime post-quantum KEX to the
                   1186:         default KEXAlgorithms list (after the ECDH methods but before the
                   1187:         prime-group DH ones).
1.50      dtucker  1188:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
                   1189:         when downloading resident keys from a FIDO token,
1.47      dtucker  1190:         pass back the user ID that was used when the key was created and
                   1191:         append it to the filename the key is written to (if it is not the
                   1192:         default). Avoids keys being clobbered if the user created multiple
                   1193:         resident keys with the same application string but different user
                   1194:         IDs.
1.50      dtucker  1195:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>,
                   1196:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1197:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>:
                   1198:         better handling for FIDO keys
1.47      dtucker  1199:         on tokens that provide user verification (UV) on the device itself,
                   1200:         including biometric keys, avoiding unnecessary PIN prompts.
1.50      dtucker  1201:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>: add "ssh-keygen -Y match-principals" operation to
1.47      dtucker  1202:         perform matching of principals names against an allowed signers
                   1203:         file. To be used towards a TOFU model for SSH signatures in git.
1.50      dtucker  1204:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1>ssh-add(1)</a>,
                   1205:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>:
                   1206:         allow pin-required FIDO keys to be added
                   1207:         to <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>.
                   1208:         $SSH_ASKPASS will be used to request the PIN at authentication time.
                   1209:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
                   1210:         allow selection of hash at sshsig signing time
1.47      dtucker  1211:         (either sha512 (default) or sha256).
1.50      dtucker  1212:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1213:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1214:         read network data directly to the packet input
1.47      dtucker  1215:         buffer instead of indirectly via a small stack buffer. Provides a
                   1216:         modest performance improvement.
1.50      dtucker  1217:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1218:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1219:         read data directly to the channel input buffer,
1.47      dtucker  1220:         providing a similar modest performance improvement.
1.50      dtucker  1221:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>:
                   1222:         extend the PubkeyAuthentication configuration directive to
1.47      dtucker  1223:         accept yes|no|unbound|host-bound to allow control over one of the
                   1224:         protocol extensions used to implement agent-restricted keys.
                   1225:     <!-- OpenSSH 9.0 -->
1.50      dtucker  1226:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1227:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1228:         use the hybrid Streamlined NTRU Prime + x25519 key
1.47      dtucker  1229:         exchange method by default ("sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com").
                   1230:         The NTRU algorithm is believed to resist attacks enabled by future
                   1231:         quantum computers and is paired with the X25519 ECDH key exchange
                   1232:         (the previous default) as a backstop against any weaknesses in
                   1233:         NTRU Prime that may be discovered in the future. The combination
                   1234:         ensures that the hybrid exchange offers at least as good security
                   1235:         as the status quo.<br>
                   1236:         We are making this change now (i.e. ahead of cryptographically-
                   1237:         relevant quantum computers) to prevent "capture now, decrypt
                   1238:         later" attacks where an adversary who can record and store SSH
                   1239:         session ciphertext would be able to decrypt it once a sufficiently
                   1240:         advanced quantum computer is available.
1.50      dtucker  1241:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8>sftp-server(8)</a>:
                   1242:         support the "copy-data" extension to allow server-
1.47      dtucker  1243:         side copying of files/data, following the design in
                   1244:         draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-extensions-00.
1.50      dtucker  1245:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1>sftp(1)</a>:
                   1246:         add a "cp" command to allow the sftp client to perform
1.47      dtucker  1247:         server-side file copies.
                   1248:   </ul>
1.51      dtucker  1249:
1.1       deraadt  1250:   <li>Bugfixes
                   1251:   <ul>
1.47      dtucker  1252:     <!-- OpenSSH 8.9 -->
1.50      dtucker  1253:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1254:         document that CASignatureAlgorithms, ExposeAuthInfo and
1.47      dtucker  1255:         PubkeyAuthOptions can be used in a Match block.
1.50      dtucker  1256:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1257:         fix possible string truncation when constructing paths to
1.47      dtucker  1258:         .rhosts/.shosts files with very long user home directory names.
                   1259:     <li>ssh-keysign(1): unbreak for KEX algorithms that use SHA384/512
                   1260:         exchange hashes
1.50      dtucker  1261:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>:
                   1262:         don't put the TTY into raw mode when SessionType=none,
1.47      dtucker  1263:         avoids ^C being unable to kill such a session.
1.50      dtucker  1264:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a>:
                   1265:         fix some corner-case bugs in SFTP-mode handling of
1.47      dtucker  1266:         ~-prefixed paths.
1.50      dtucker  1267:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>:
                   1268:         unbreak hostbased auth using RSA keys. Allow
                   1269:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a> to
1.47      dtucker  1270:         select RSA keys when only RSA/SHA2 signature algorithms are
                   1271:         configured (this is the default case). Previously RSA keys were
                   1272:         not being considered in the default case.
                   1273:     <li>ssh-keysign(1): make ssh-keysign use the requested signature
                   1274:         algorithm and not the default for the key type. Part of unbreaking
                   1275:         hostbased auth for RSA/SHA2 keys.
1.50      dtucker  1276:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>:
                   1277:         stricter UpdateHostkey signature verification logic on
1.47      dtucker  1278:         the client- side. Require RSA/SHA2 signatures for RSA hostkeys
                   1279:         except when RSA/SHA1 was explicitly negotiated during initial
                   1280:         KEX
1.50      dtucker  1281:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1282:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1283:         fix signature algorithm selection logic for
1.47      dtucker  1284:         UpdateHostkeys on the server side. The previous code tried to
                   1285:         prefer RSA/SHA2 for hostkey proofs of RSA keys, but missed some
                   1286:         cases. This will use RSA/SHA2 signatures for RSA keys if the
                   1287:         client proposed these algorithms in initial KEX.
1.52      dtucker  1288:     <li>All: convert all uses of
                   1289:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/select.2>select(2)</a>/
                   1290:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/pselect.2>pselect(2)</a> to
                   1291:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/poll.2>poll(2)</a>/
                   1292:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ppoll.2>ppoll(2)</a>.
1.50      dtucker  1293:         This includes the mainloops in
                   1294:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1295:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>,
                   1296:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>
                   1297:         and <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8>sftp-server(8)</a>,
                   1298:         as well as the <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>
1.52      dtucker  1299:         listen loop and all other FD read/writability checks.
1.50      dtucker  1300:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
                   1301:         the "-Y find-principals" command was verifying key
1.47      dtucker  1302:         validity when using ca certs but not with simple key lifetimes
                   1303:         within the allowed signers file.
1.50      dtucker  1304:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
                   1305:         make sshsig verify-time argument parsing optional
                   1306:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1307:         fix truncation in rhosts/shosts path construction.
                   1308:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1309:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>:
                   1310:         avoid xmalloc(0) for PKCS#11 keyid for ECDSA
1.47      dtucker  1311:         keys (we already did this for RSA keys). Avoids fatal errors for
                   1312:         PKCS#11 libraries that return empty keyid, e.g. Microchip ATECC608B
                   1313:         "cryptoauthlib"
1.50      dtucker  1314:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1315:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>:
                   1316:         improve the testing of credentials against
1.47      dtucker  1317:         inserted FIDO: ask the token whether a particular key belongs to
                   1318:         it in cases where the token supports on-token user-verification
                   1319:         (e.g. biometrics) rather than just assuming that it will accept it.<br>
                   1320:         Will reduce spurious "Confirm user presence" notifications for key
                   1321:         handles that relate to FIDO keys that are not currently inserted in at
                   1322:         least some cases.
1.50      dtucker  1323:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1324:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1325:         correct value for IPTOS_DSCP_LE. It needs to
1.47      dtucker  1326:         allow for the preceding two ECN bits.
1.50      dtucker  1327:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
                   1328:         add missing -O option to usage() for the "-Y sign" option.
                   1329:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
                   1330:         fix a NULL deref when using the find-principals
1.47      dtucker  1331:         function, when matching an allowed_signers line that contains a
                   1332:         namespace restriction, but no restriction specified on the
                   1333:         command-line
1.50      dtucker  1334:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1>ssh-agent(1)</a>:
                   1335:         fix memleak in process_extension(); oss-fuzz issue #42719
                   1336:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>:
                   1337:         suppress "Connection to xxx closed" messages when LogLevel
1.47      dtucker  1338:         is set to "error" or above.
1.50      dtucker  1339:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1340:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1341:         use correct zlib flags when inflate(3)-ing compressed packet data.
                   1342:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a>:
                   1343:         when recursively transferring files in SFTP mode, create the
                   1344:         destination directory if it doesn't already exist to match
                   1345:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a> in
1.47      dtucker  1346:         legacy RCP mode behaviour.
1.50      dtucker  1347:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a>:
                   1348:         many improvements in error message consistency between
                   1349:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a>
1.47      dtucker  1350:         in SFTP mode vs legacy RCP mode.
1.50      dtucker  1351:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1352:         fix potential race in SIGTERM handling
                   1353:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1354:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8))</a>:
                   1355:         since DSA keys are deprecated, move them to the end of the default
                   1356:         list of public keys so that they will be tried last.
                   1357:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
                   1358:         allow 'ssh-keygen -Y find-principals' to match
1.47      dtucker  1359:         wildcard principals in allowed_signers files
                   1360:     <!-- OpenSSH 9.0 -->
1.50      dtucker  1361:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1>ssh(1)</a>,
                   1362:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
1.52      dtucker  1363:         fix
                   1364:         <a href=https://man.openbsd.org/poll.2>poll(2)</a> spin when a
                   1365:         channel's output fd closes without data in the channel buffer.
1.50      dtucker  1366:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1367:         pack pollfd array in server listen/accept loop. Could
1.47      dtucker  1368:         cause the server to hang/spin when MaxStartups &gt; RLIMIT_NOFILE
1.50      dtucker  1369:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1>ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
                   1370:         avoid NULL deref via the find-principals and check-novalidate operations.
                   1371:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1>scp(1)</a>:
                   1372:         fix a memory leak in argument processing.
                   1373:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1374:         don't try to resolve ListenAddress directives in the sshd
1.47      dtucker  1375:         re-exec path. They are unused after re-exec and parsing errors
                   1376:         (possible for example if the host's network configuration changed)
                   1377:         could prevent connections from being accepted.
1.50      dtucker  1378:     <li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8>sshd(8)</a>:
                   1379:         when refusing a public key authentication request from a
1.47      dtucker  1380:         client for using an unapproved or unsupported signature algorithm
                   1381:         include the algorithm name in the log message to make debugging
                   1382:         easier.
1.1       deraadt  1383:   </ul>
1.47      dtucker  1384: </ul>
1.1       deraadt  1385:
1.13      schwarze 1386: <li>mandoc 1.14.6 plus several bugfixes, including:
1.1       deraadt  1387:     <ul>
1.13      schwarze 1388:        <li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man.1">man(1)</a>
                   1389:                to always read the configuration file and respect
                   1390:                the other directives contained in it,
                   1391:                even when the manpath is overridden by other means.
                   1392:        <li>Fixed a memory leak in
                   1393:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man.1">man(1)</a>
                   1394:                that mattered when many names were given on the command line.
                   1395:        <li>Fixed a small memory leak in the
                   1396:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/roff.7">roff(7)</a> parser
                   1397:                that occurred each time a user-defined macro was called.
                   1398:         <li>Fixed the width of the <code>\h</code> (horizontal motion)
                   1399:                <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/roff.7">roff(7)</a>
                   1400:                escape sequence in the PostScript and PDF output modes.
1.1       deraadt  1401:     </ul>
                   1402:
                   1403: <li>Ports and packages:
                   1404:   <p>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
                   1405:   <!-- number of FTP packages minus SHA256, SHA256.sig, index.txt -->
                   1406:   <ul style="column-count: 3">
1.36      naddy    1407:     <li>aarch64:    11081
1.17      naddy    1408:     <li>amd64:      11301
1.20      deraadt  1409:     <li>arm:         XXXX
                   1410:     <li>i386:       10136
1.55      visa     1411:     <li>mips64:      8708
1.1       deraadt  1412:     <li>powerpc:     XXXX
1.46      sthen    1413:     <li>powerpc64:   9132
1.45      sthen    1414:     <li>riscv64:     9108
1.39      naddy    1415:     <li>sparc64:     9288
1.1       deraadt  1416:   </ul>
                   1417:
                   1418:   <p>Some highlights:
                   1419:   <ul style="column-count: 3">
1.12      sthen    1420:     <li>Asterisk 16.25.1, 18.11.1 and 19.3.1
1.1       deraadt  1421:     <li>Audacity 2.4.2
                   1422:     <li>CMake 3.20.3
1.5       jsg      1423:     <li>Chromium 100.0.4896.75
1.1       deraadt  1424:     <li>Emacs 27.2
1.5       jsg      1425:     <li>FFmpeg 4.4.1
1.1       deraadt  1426:     <li>GCC 8.4.0 and 11.2.0
                   1427:     <li>GHC 8.10.6
1.5       jsg      1428:     <li>GNOME 41.5
                   1429:     <li>Go 1.17.7
                   1430:     <li>JDK 8u322, 11.0.14 and 17.0.2
                   1431:     <li>KDE Applications 21.12.2
                   1432:     <li>KDE Frameworks 5.91.0
                   1433:     <li>Krita 5.0.2
                   1434:     <li>LLVM/Clang 13.0.0
                   1435:     <li>LibreOffice 7.3.2.2
1.1       deraadt  1436:     <li>Lua 5.1.5, 5.2.4 and 5.3.6
1.5       jsg      1437:     <li>MariaDB 10.6.7
1.1       deraadt  1438:     <li>Mono 6.12.0.122
1.5       jsg      1439:     <li>Mozilla Firefox 99.0 and ESR 91.8.0
                   1440:     <li>Mozilla Thunderbird 91.8.0
                   1441:     <li>Mutt 2.2.2 and NeoMutt 20211029
                   1442:     <li>Node.js 16.14.2
                   1443:     <li>OCaml 4.12.1
1.1       deraadt  1444:     <li>OpenLDAP 2.4.59
1.5       jsg      1445:     <li>PHP 7.4.28, 8.0.17 and 8.1.4
                   1446:     <li>Postfix 3.5.14
                   1447:     <li>PostgreSQL 14.2
                   1448:     <li>Python 2.7.18, 3.8.13, 3.9.12 and 3.10.4
1.1       deraadt  1449:     <li>Qt 5.15.2 and 6.0.4
1.5       jsg      1450:     <li>R 4.1.2
                   1451:     <li>Ruby 2.7.5, 3.0.3 and 3.1.1
                   1452:     <li>Rust 1.59.0
                   1453:     <li>SQLite 2.8.17 and 3.38.2
                   1454:     <li>Shotcut 21.10.31
                   1455:     <li>Sudo 1.9.10
                   1456:     <li>Suricata 6.0.4
1.1       deraadt  1457:     <li>Tcl/Tk 8.5.19 and 8.6.8
1.5       jsg      1458:     <li>TeX Live 2021
                   1459:     <li>Vim 8.2.4600 and Neovim 0.6.1
1.1       deraadt  1460:     <li>Xfce 4.16
                   1461:   </ul>
                   1462:   <p>
                   1463:
                   1464: <li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
                   1465:
                   1466: <li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
                   1467:   <ul>
1.5       jsg      1468:     <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 1.21.1.3 + patches,
                   1469:         freetype 2.11.0, fontconfig 2.12.94, Mesa 21.3.7, xterm 369,
1.1       deraadt  1470:         xkeyboard-config 2.20, fonttosfnt 1.2.2 and more)
1.5       jsg      1471:     <li>LLVM/Clang 13.0.0 (+ patches)
1.1       deraadt  1472:     <li>GCC 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 3.3.6 (+ patches)
                   1473:     <li>Perl 5.32.1 (+ patches)
1.5       jsg      1474:     <li>NSD 4.4.0
                   1475:     <li>Unbound 1.15.0
1.1       deraadt  1476:     <li>Ncurses 5.7
                   1477:     <li>Binutils 2.17 (+ patches)
                   1478:     <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
1.10      benno    1479:     <li>Awk October 12, 2021
1.5       jsg      1480:     <li>Expat 2.4.7
1.1       deraadt  1481:   </ul>
                   1482:
                   1483: </ul>
                   1484: </section>
                   1485:
                   1486: <hr>
                   1487:
                   1488: <section id=install>
                   1489: <h3>How to install</h3>
                   1490: <p>
                   1491: Please refer to the following files on the mirror site for
                   1492: extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 7.1 on your machine:
                   1493:
                   1494: <ul>
                   1495: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
                   1496:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
                   1497: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
                   1498:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/amd64/INSTALL.amd64</a>
                   1499: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/arm64/INSTALL.arm64">
                   1500:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/arm64/INSTALL.arm64</a>
                   1501: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/armv7/INSTALL.armv7">
                   1502:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/armv7/INSTALL.armv7</a>
                   1503: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
                   1504:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
                   1505: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/i386/INSTALL.i386">
                   1506:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/i386/INSTALL.i386</a>
                   1507: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/landisk/INSTALL.landisk">
                   1508:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/landisk/INSTALL.landisk</a>
                   1509: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k">
                   1510:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k</a>
                   1511: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
                   1512:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/macppc/INSTALL.macppc</a>
                   1513: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/octeon/INSTALL.octeon">
                   1514:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/octeon/INSTALL.octeon</a>
                   1515: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/powerpc64/INSTALL.powerpc64">
                   1516:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/powerpc64/INSTALL.powerpc64</a>
                   1517: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/riscv64/INSTALL.riscv64">
                   1518:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/riscv64/INSTALL.riscv64</a>
                   1519: <li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
                   1520:        .../OpenBSD/7.1/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64</a>
                   1521: </ul>
                   1522: </section>
                   1523:
                   1524: <hr>
                   1525:
                   1526: <section id=quickinstall>
                   1527: <p>
                   1528: Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the use of
                   1529: the "<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel</a> -E" command.
                   1530: If you are at all confused when installing OpenBSD, read the relevant
                   1531: INSTALL.* file as listed above!
                   1532:
                   1533: <h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>
                   1534:
                   1535: <p>
                   1536: If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install71.iso</i> or
                   1537: <i>cd71.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
                   1538: Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
                   1539:
                   1540: <h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>
                   1541:
                   1542: <p>
                   1543: If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install71.iso</i> or
                   1544: <i>cd71.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
                   1545: You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
                   1546:
                   1547: <p>
                   1548: If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install71.img</i> or
                   1549: <i>miniroot71.img</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
                   1550:
                   1551: <p>
                   1552: If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
                   1553: you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
                   1554: INSTALL.amd64 document.
                   1555:
                   1556: <p>
                   1557: If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
                   1558: read INSTALL.amd64.
                   1559:
                   1560: <h3>OpenBSD/arm64:</h3>
                   1561:
                   1562: <p>
                   1563: Write <i>install71.img</i> or <i>miniroot71.img</i> to a disk and boot from it
                   1564: after connecting to the serial console.  Refer to INSTALL.arm64 for more
                   1565: details.
                   1566:
                   1567: <h3>OpenBSD/armv7:</h3>
                   1568:
                   1569: <p>
                   1570: Write a system specific miniroot to an SD card and boot from it after connecting
                   1571: to the serial console.  Refer to INSTALL.armv7 for more details.
                   1572:
                   1573: <h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>
                   1574:
                   1575: <p>
                   1576: Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
                   1577: <a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
                   1578:
                   1579: <h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>
                   1580:
                   1581: <p>
                   1582: If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install71.iso</i> or
                   1583: <i>cd71.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
                   1584: You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
                   1585:
                   1586: <p>
                   1587: If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install71.img</i> or
                   1588: <i>miniroot71.img</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
                   1589:
                   1590: <p>
                   1591: If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
                   1592: you can install across the network using PXE as described in
                   1593: the included INSTALL.i386 document.
                   1594:
                   1595: <p>
                   1596: If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
                   1597: read INSTALL.i386.
                   1598:
                   1599: <h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
                   1600:
                   1601: <p>
                   1602: Write <i>miniroot71.img</i> to the start of the CF
                   1603: or disk, and boot normally.
                   1604:
                   1605: <h3>OpenBSD/luna88k:</h3>
                   1606:
                   1607: <p>
                   1608: Copy 'boot' and 'bsd.rd' to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot the bootloader
                   1609: from the PROM, and then bsd.rd from the bootloader.
                   1610: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.
                   1611:
                   1612: <h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>
                   1613:
                   1614: <p>
                   1615: Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, and power on your machine
                   1616: while holding down the <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and
                   1617: shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
                   1618:
                   1619: <p>
                   1620: Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
                   1621: /7.1/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
                   1622:
                   1623: <h3>OpenBSD/octeon:</h3>
                   1624:
                   1625: <p>
                   1626: After connecting a serial port, boot bsd.rd over the network via DHCP/tftp.
                   1627: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.octeon for more details.
                   1628:
                   1629: <h3>OpenBSD/powerpc64:</h3>
                   1630:
                   1631: <p>
                   1632: To install, write <i>install71.img</i> or <i>miniroot71.img</i> to a
                   1633: USB stick, plug it into the machine and choose the <i>OpenBSD
                   1634: install</i> menu item in Petitboot.
                   1635: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.powerpc64 for more details.
                   1636:
                   1637: <h3>OpenBSD/riscv64:</h3>
                   1638:
                   1639: <p>
                   1640: To install, write <i>install71.img</i> or <i>miniroot71.img</i> to a
                   1641: USB stick, and boot with that drive plugged in.
                   1642: Make sure you also have the microSD card plugged in that shipped with the
                   1643: HiFive Unmatched board.
                   1644: Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.riscv64 for more details.
                   1645:
                   1646: <h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>
                   1647:
                   1648: <p>
                   1649: Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, boot from it, and type
                   1650: <i>boot cdrom</i>.
                   1651:
                   1652: <p>
                   1653: If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
                   1654: <i>floppy71.img</i> or <i>floppyB71.img</i>
                   1655: (depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
                   1656: floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
                   1657:
                   1658: <p>
                   1659: Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
                   1660: will most likely fail.
                   1661:
                   1662: <p>
                   1663: You can also write <i>miniroot71.img</i> to the swap partition on
                   1664: the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
                   1665:
                   1666: <p>
                   1667: If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
                   1668: </section>
                   1669:
                   1670: <hr>
                   1671:
                   1672: <section id=upgrade>
                   1673: <h3>How to upgrade</h3>
                   1674: <p>
1.6       tj       1675: If you already have an OpenBSD 7.0 system, and do not want to reinstall,
1.1       deraadt  1676: upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
                   1677: <a href="faq/upgrade71.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
                   1678: </section>
                   1679:
                   1680: <hr>
                   1681:
                   1682: <section id=sourcecode>
                   1683: <h3>Notes about the source code</h3>
                   1684: <p>
                   1685: <code>src.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src</code>.
                   1686: This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources,
                   1687: which are in a separate archive.
                   1688: To extract:
                   1689: <blockquote><pre>
                   1690: # <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
                   1691: # <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
                   1692: # <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
                   1693: </pre></blockquote>
                   1694: <p>
                   1695: <code>sys.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src/sys</code>.
                   1696: This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
                   1697: To extract:
                   1698: <blockquote><pre>
                   1699: # <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
                   1700: # <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
                   1701: # <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</kbd>
                   1702: </pre></blockquote>
                   1703: <p>
                   1704: Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.  Using these trees it
                   1705: is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
                   1706: described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
                   1707: Using these files
                   1708: results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
                   1709: a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
                   1710: </section>
                   1711:
                   1712: <hr>
                   1713:
                   1714: <section id=ports>
                   1715: <h3>Ports Tree</h3>
                   1716: <p>
                   1717: A ports tree archive is also provided.  To extract:
                   1718: <blockquote><pre>
                   1719: # <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
                   1720: # <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
                   1721: </pre></blockquote>
                   1722: <p>
                   1723: Go read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
                   1724: if you know nothing about ports
                   1725: at this point.  This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
                   1726: Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
                   1727: OpenBSD ports system.
                   1728: <p>
                   1729: The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS checkout of our ports.
                   1730: As with our complete source tree, our ports tree is available via
                   1731: <a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>.
                   1732: So, in order to keep up to date with the -stable branch, you must make
                   1733: the <i>ports/</i> tree available on a read-write medium and update the tree
                   1734: with a command like:
                   1735: <blockquote><pre>
                   1736: # <kbd>cd /usr/ports</kbd>
                   1737: # <kbd>cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_7_1</kbd>
                   1738: </pre></blockquote>
                   1739: <p>
                   1740: [Of course, you must replace the server name here with a nearby anoncvs
                   1741: server.]
                   1742: <p>
                   1743: Note that most ports are available as packages on our mirrors. Updated
                   1744: ports for the 7.1 release will be made available if problems arise.
                   1745: <p>
                   1746: If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
                   1747: would like to know more, the mailing list
                   1748: <a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
                   1749: </section>
1.24      benno    1750: </body>
                   1751: </html>